DOCSLIB.ORG

CTX-M-9 Group ESBL-Producing Raoultella Planticola Nosocomial

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CTX-M-9 Group ESBL-Producing Raoultella Planticola Nosocomial Tufa et al. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob (2020) 19:36 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-020-00380-0 Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials CASE REPORT Open Access CTX-M-9 group ESBL-producing Raoultella planticola nosocomial infection: frst report from sub-Saharan Africa Tafese Beyene Tufa1,2,3*† , Andre Fuchs2,3†, Torsten Feldt2,3, Desalegn Tadesse Galata1, Colin R. Mackenzie4, Klaus Pfefer4 and Dieter Häussinger2,3 Abstract Background: Raoultella are Gram-negative rod-shaped aerobic bacteria which grow in water and soil. They mostly cause nosocomial infections associated with surgical procedures. This case study is the frst report of a Raoultella infec- tion in Africa. Case presentation We report a case of a surgical site infection (SSI) caused by Raoultella planticola which developed after caesarean sec- tion (CS) and surgery for secondary small bowel obstruction. The patient became febrile with neutrophilia (19,157/µL) 4 days after laparotomy and started to develop clinical signs of a SSI on the 8 th day after laparotomy. The patient con- tinued to be febrile and became critically ill despite empirical treatment with ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Raoultella species with extended antimicrobial resistance (AMR) carrying the CTX-M-9 β-lactamase was isolated from the wound discharge. Considering the antimicrobial susceptibility test, ceftriaxone was replaced by ceftazidime. The patient recovered and could be discharged on day 29 after CS. Conclusions: Raoultella planticola was isolated from an infected surgical site after repeated abdominal surgery. Due to the infection the patient’s stay in the hospital was prolonged for a total of 4 weeks. It is noted that patients under- going surgical and prolonged inpatient treatment are at risk for infections caused by Raoultella. The development of a SSI caused by Raoultella planticola with extended AMR has to be assumed to be a consequence of inefective antibi- otic utilization. The presented case advices that rare bacteria as Raoultella should be considered as potential cause of nosocomial SSI with challenging treatment due to high levels of AMR. Keywords: Raoultella planticola, Nosocomial infection, Antimicrobial resistance, Extended spectrum β-lactamases, ESBL, CTX-M-9 group, Africa, Ethiopia Background respiratory tract (URT) and are a rare cause of mostly Raoultella are Gram-negative rod-shaped aerobic bacte- nosocomial infections in humans. Tey were defned as ria growing in water and soil. Tey can also be detected a new genus in the family of Enterobacteriaceae in 2001, in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or upper based on gene sequences of its 16S rRNA and rpoB gene [1]. Raoultella can grow at wide range of temperature (4 °C to 44.5 °C) and do not produce gas from lactose at *Correspondence: [email protected] 44.5 °C. All Raoultella isolates are resistant to ampicillin †Tafese Beyene Tufa and Andre Fuchs contributed equally to this work 1 Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Arsi due to the over expression of chromosomally encoded University, P.O. Box 04, Asella, Ethiopia class-A β-lactamase [2]. Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://crea- tivecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdo- main/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Tufa et al. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob (2020) 19:36 Page 2 of 7 Raoultella planticola, R. ornithinolytica, R. terri- Development of surgical site infection gena, and R. electrica are medically relevant Raoultella For the frst three days after delivery, the patient recov- species [3–6], with R. planticola and R. ornithino- ered well from her surgery. However, on the 4th day she lytica currently being most commonly reported from developed cramping abdominal pain, constipation with clinical samples. Factors contributing to the patho- clinical signs of ileus and an elevated body temperature genesis of diseases caused by the genus of Raoultella (T) of 37.8 °C. After physical examination and abdominal share similarities with those of Klebsiella and include X-ray revealed signs of small bowel obstruction, emer- lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharide capsules, fim- gency laparotomy was performed. Intra-operative fnd- briae, siderophores [7], toxins [8], hydrolytic enzymes, ings were a purulent peritonitis due to a volvulus of the and bacteriocins [9]. Raoultella species are also able cecum with formation of a gangrene. Peritoneal drainage to form biofilms [10]. In contrast to Klebsiella species, and lavage and a right hemicolectomy with primary ileo- Raoultella species harbour histidine decarboxylase, transverse anastomosis were performed. Te postopera- enabling the bacteria to produce histamine. This infor- tive course for the frst days was uneventful. mation might be used for species differentiation [11, On her 5th day after laparotomy (and 9th after CS) the 12]. patient developed shortness of breath with mild hypoten- Following phenotypic and biochemical microbiologi- sion, tachycardia, tachypnea and fever (blood pressure cal methods only, Raoultella species are most likely (BP) 110/70 mmHg, pulse rate (PR) 108/min, RR 40/min, being underreported due to the difficult differentiation T 38.5 °C). Breath sounds were clear with good bilat- from Klebsiella species. Over recent years, the identi- eral air entry. Abdominal examination revealed passage fication rate has improved by increased utilization of of faecal matter from the surgical site. Complete blood 3 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of count (CBC) showed leucocytosis (21.5 × 10 /µl) with an flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) [13]. increased fraction of neutrophils (89.1%). Platelet count Raoultella planticola is not well known as human and haemoglobin level where within normal range. Tere pathogen. Literature search revealed 87 reported was no growth in a blood culture for a total incubation cases of R. planticola-related infections. Here, blood- period of 5 days (1 bottle, local production). stream infections (32 cases), urinary tract infection (16 cases), and pneumonia (11 cases) are most fre- quent. Among abdominal foci of Raoultella-infections, Further course and treatment 5 cases of cholangitis, 3 cases of pancreatitis, 3 cases Te patient was diagnosed with a suspected intestinal of cholecystitis, 3 cases of surgical site infection (SSI), anastomotic leak and empiric parenteral antibiotic treat- 2 cases of secondary bacterial peritonitis, and a single ment was started according to local guidelines with 1 g case of enterocolitis have been described. Antimicro- ceftriaxone plus 1 g vancomycin daily. Re-laparotomy bial resistance (AMR) of Raoultella causing human on the same day revealed intraperitoneal pus and faeces infections has not been analysed systematically. How- due to an anastomotic dehiscence with perforation of the ever, Raoultella species harbouring extended spec- distal ileum about 50 cm from the previous anastomosis. trum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes After dissection of the insufcient anastomosis, resection have been reported [14–17]. Most of the cases were of necrotic intestine and peritoneal lavage, re-anastomosis reported in Europe and the USA. To our best knowl- and closure of the abdominal cavity were performed. edge, this report is the first description of an SSI On the 6 th day post re-laparotomy (11 days post caused by R. planticola with multidrug resistance first laparotomy and 15 days after CS), the patient (MDR) in Africa. was transferred to intensive care unit and she devel- oped purulent discharge from the surgical site. At this time, a wound swab was taken for microbio- Case presentation logical diagnostics. The culture revealed growth of Initial presentation Raoultella species and the previous antibiotic treat- A 17-year-old previously healthy pregnant woman pre- ment was adjusted according to the drug suscep- sented to Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital (ATRH) tibility test result (see Table 1) by replacement of delivery ward in Asella, Central Ethiopia. Upon admis- ceftriaxone with ceftazidime. After 7 days of par- sion she appeared healthy, without any signs of infec- enteral antibiotic treatment with this new regimen tion or life-threatening disease. Caesarean section (CS) (ceftazidime 1 g three times daily and vancomy- was indicated due to posterior cephalic position of the cin 1 g once daily) the patient developed frequent child and large fetal size. Lower uterine transverse CS watery diarrhoea and bilateral lower extremity was performed and a healthy male neonate delivered. swelling.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pseudomonas Spp. and Other Psychrotrophic
    Pesq. Vet. Bras. 39(10):807-815, October 2019 DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6037 Original Article Livestock Diseases ISSN 0100-736X (Print) ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) PVB-6037 LD Pseudomonas spp. and other psychrotrophic microorganisms in inspected and non-inspected Brazilian Minas Frescal cheese: proteolytic, lipolytic and AprX production potential1 Pedro I. Teider Junior2, José C. Ribeiro Júnior3* , Eric H. Ossugui2, Ronaldo Tamanini2, Juliane Ribeiro2, Gislaine A. Santos2 2 and Vanerli Beloti2 , Amauri A. Alfieri ABSTRACT.- Teider Junior P.I., Ribeiro Júnior J.C., Ossugui E.H., Tamanini R., Ribeiro J., Santos G.A., Pseudomonas spp. and other psychrotrophic microorganisms Pseudomonas spp. and other psychrotrophic in inspected and non-inspected Brazilian Minas Frescal cheese: proteolytic, lipolytic andAlfieri AprX A.A. production& Beloti V. 2019. potential . Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39(10):807-815. Instituto microorganisms in inspected and non- Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para a Cadeia Produtiva do Leite, Universidade Estadual de inspected Brazilian Minas Frescal cheese: Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR-445 Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, Campus Universitário, proteolytic, lipolytic and AprX production Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] The most consumed cheese in Brazil, Minas Frescal cheese (MFC) is highly susceptible to potential microbial contamination and clandestine production and commercialization can pose a risk to consumer health. The storage of this fresh product under refrigeration, although more appropriate, may favor the growth of spoilage psychrotrophic bacteria. The objective of this [Pseudomonas spp. e outros micro-organismos study was to quantify and compare Pseudomonas spp. and other psychrotrophic bacteria in inspected and non-inspected MFC samples, evaluate their lipolytic and proteolytic activities and e não inspecionados: potencial proteolítico, lipolítico e their metalloprotease production potentials.
    [Show full text]
  • Succession and Persistence of Microbial Communities and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Associated with International Space Stati
    Singh et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:204 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0585-2 RESEARCH Open Access Succession and persistence of microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes associated with International Space Station environmental surfaces Nitin Kumar Singh1, Jason M. Wood1, Fathi Karouia2,3 and Kasthuri Venkateswaran1* Abstract Background: The International Space Station (ISS) is an ideal test bed for studying the effects of microbial persistence and succession on a closed system during long space flight. Culture-based analyses, targeted gene-based amplicon sequencing (bacteriome, mycobiome, and resistome), and shotgun metagenomics approaches have previously been performed on ISS environmental sample sets using whole genome amplification (WGA). However, this is the first study reporting on the metagenomes sampled from ISS environmental surfaces without the use of WGA. Metagenome sequences generated from eight defined ISS environmental locations in three consecutive flights were analyzed to assess the succession and persistence of microbial communities, their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, and virulence properties. Metagenomic sequences were produced from the samples treated with propidium monoazide (PMA) to measure intact microorganisms. Results: The intact microbial communities detected in Flight 1 and Flight 2 samples were significantly more similar to each other than to Flight 3 samples. Among 318 microbial species detected, 46 species constituting 18 genera were common in all flight samples. Risk group or biosafety level 2 microorganisms that persisted among all three flights were Acinetobacter baumannii, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia frederiksenii,andAspergillus lentulus.EventhoughRhodotorula and Pantoea dominated the ISS microbiome, Pantoea exhibited succession and persistence. K. pneumoniae persisted in one location (US Node 1) of all three flights and might have spread to six out of the eight locations sampled on Flight 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Neonatal Septicemia Caused by a Rare Pathogen: Raoultella Planticola
    Chen et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2020) 20:676 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05409-5 CASE REPORT Open Access Neonatal septicemia caused by a rare pathogen: Raoultella planticola - a report of four cases Xianrui Chen1,2,3, Shaoqing Guo1,2,3* , Dengli Liu1,2,3 and Meizhen Zhong1,2,3 Abstract Background: Raoultella planticola(R.planticola) is a very rare opportunistic pathogen and sometimes even associated with fatal infection in pediatric cases. Recently,the emergence of carbapenem resistance strains are constantly being reported and a growing source of concern for pediatricians. Case presentation: We reported 4 cases of neonatal septicemia caused by Raoultella planticola. Their gestational age was 211 to 269 days, and their birth weight was 1490 to 3000 g.The R. planticola infections were detected on the 9th to 27th day after hospitalizationandoccuredbetweenMayandJune.They clinically manifested as poor mental response, recurrent cyanosis, apnea, decreased heart rate and blood oxygen, recurrent jaundice, fever or nonelevation of body temperature. The C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were elevated at significantly in the initial phase of the infection,and they had leukocytosis or leukopenia. Prior to R.planticola infection,all of them recevied at least one broad-spectrum antibiotic for 7- 27d.All the R.planticola strains detected were only sensitive to amikacin, but resistant to other groups of drugs: cephalosporins (such as cefazolin, ceftetan,etc) and penicillins (such as ampicillin-sulbactam,piperacillin, etc),and even developed resistance to carbapenem. All the infants were clinically cured and discharged with overall good prognosis. Conclusion: Neonatal septicemia caused by Raoultella planticola mostly occured in hot and humid summer, which lack specific clinical manifestations.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Raoultella Terrigena As a Rare Causative Agent of Subungual Abscess Based on 16S Rrna and Housekeeping Gene Sequencing
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology Volume 2016, Article ID 3879635, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3879635 Case Report Identification of Raoultella terrigena as a Rare Causative Agent of Subungual Abscess Based on 16S rRNA and Housekeeping Gene Sequencing Yu Wang,1 Xiawei Jiang,1 Zemin Xu,2 Chaoqun Ying,1 Wei Yu,1 and Yonghong Xiao1 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 2Ningbo Institute of Microcirculation and Henbane, Ningbo, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yonghong Xiao; [email protected] Received 8 October 2015; Revised 28 April 2016; Accepted 15 May 2016 Academic Editor: Maurizio Sanguinetti Copyright © 2016 Yu Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A 63-year-old-man was admitted to our hospital with severe subungual abscess. Bacteria were isolated from pus samples, and an inconsistent identification was shown by VITEK 2 system and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as Raoultella planticola and Raoultella terrigena, respectively. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA sequencing suggested that the isolate is R. terrigena,and this was further demonstrated by sequencing three housekeeping genes (rpoB, gyrA,andparC) with phylogenetic analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of subungual abscess caused by R. terrigena, a rare case of human infection due to soil bacterium.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Pansinusitis Due to Raoultella Ornithinolytica
    American Journal of Infectious Diseases Case Report Severe Pansinusitis Due to Raoultella Ornithinolytica Mitchell R. Gore Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Article history Abstract: Raoultella ornithinolytica is a gram -negative aerobic bacterium Received: 23-09-2017 typically found in plants, soil and water. Reports of Raoultella Revised: 05-12-2017 ornithinolytica causing infections in humans, especially in the head and Accepted: 20-12-2017 neck, are rare. Herein we report a case of a woman with severe septal deviation, chronic headaches and facial pain who was revealed to have Tel: +1 315 492 3741 Fax: +1 315 492 5791 Raoultella ornithinolytica pansinusitis incidentally noted during an Email: [email protected] endoscopic septoplasty. Raoultella ornithinolytica was isolated from cultures of the diffuse purulent drainage found in her maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. This case indicates that while a rare cause of head and neck infection in humans, Raoultella ornithinolytica can be found as the causative pathogen in severe sinusitis. Keywords: Raoultella ornithinolytica , Sinusitis, Infection Introduction distress. Head and neck and cranial nerve examinations were normal. Nasal endoscopy revealed severe bilateral Raoultella ornithinolytica is a member of a genus of inferior turbinate hypertrophy and severe septal deviation Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, causing bilateral nasal obstruction. The inferior turbinate capsulated, facultatively anaerobic rods closely related to hypertrophy and septal deviation were so significant that the Klebsiella genus in the Enterobacteriaceae family. the middle meatus could not be visualized. Given the The genus is named after noted French bacteriologist patient’s complaints she was counseled on the risks, Didier Raoult (Drancourt et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison Between Vitek MS, Bruker Biotyper, Vitek2, and API20E for Differentiation of Species of the Genus Raoultella
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (2019) 38:467–470 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-03444-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparison between Vitek MS, Bruker Biotyper, Vitek2, and API20E for differentiation of species of the genus Raoultella Carlos Ruiz de Alegría Puig1 & Marina Fernández Torres1 & Eduardo Marfil-Pérez2,3 & María Isabel Rodríguez Ferández1 & Manuel Causse Del Río2,3 & Jesús Agüero Balbín1,4 & Luis Martínez-Martínez2,3,5 Received: 11 September 2018 /Accepted: 29 November 2018 /Published online: 25 January 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Rapid and reliable identification of microorganisms in the clinical laboratory is essential for an early and accurate diagnosis guiding timely therapy. However, conventional methods are sometimes unreliable and show controversial outcomes. Matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported as a rapid and reliable method for identification of bacteria and fungi isolated from clinical samples. Members of the genus Raoultella are increasingly recognized as clinically relevant. There are difficulties in their identification at the species level since sequencing the 16S rRNA or the rpoB genes does not show conclusive results. The aim of this study has been to compare two MALDI-TOF MS systems (Vitek MS and Bruker Biotyper) with Vitek2 and API20E systems for differentiation of Raoultella species. A collection of 97 clinical isolates of Raoultella species was identified with Vitek MS, in parallel with Vitek2 and API, and finally with Bruker Biotyper. Among the two most widely used MALDI-TOF MS platforms, results obtained with Vitek MS were slightly superior to those obtained with the Bruker Biotyper system, with sensitivities and specificities of 98.9/57.9% and 98.8/37.0%, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Neonatal Enteral Feeding Tubes As Loci for Colonisation by Members of The
    BMC Infectious Diseases BioMed Central Research article Open Access Neonatal enteral feeding tubes as loci for colonisation by members of the Enterobacteriaceae Edward Hurrell1, Eva Kucerova1, Michael Loughlin1, Juncal Caubilla-Barron1, Anthony Hilton2, Richard Armstrong2, Craig Smith3, Judith Grant4, Shiu Shoo4 and Stephen Forsythe*1 Address: 1School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK , 2Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK , 3Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK and 4Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK Email: Edward Hurrell - [email protected]; Eva Kucerova - [email protected]; Michael Loughlin - [email protected]; Juncal Caubilla-Barron - [email protected]; Anthony Hilton - [email protected]; Richard Armstrong - [email protected]; Craig Smith - [email protected]; Judith Grant - [email protected]; Shiu Shoo - [email protected]; Stephen Forsythe* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 1 September 2009 Received: 9 February 2009 Accepted: 1 September 2009 BMC Infectious Diseases 2009, 9:146 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-146 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/9/146 © 2009 Hurrell et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether neonatal nasogastric enteral feeding tubes are colonised by the opportunistic pathogen Cronobacter spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Caenorhabditis Elegans Responses to Bacteria from Its Natural Habitats
    Caenorhabditis elegans responses to bacteria from PNAS PLUS its natural habitats Buck S. Samuela,1, Holli Roweddera, Christian Braendleb, Marie-Anne Félixc,2, and Gary Ruvkuna,2 aDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; bCNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; and cInstitute of Biology of the Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, Ecole Normale Supérieure, INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France Contributed by Gary Ruvkun, May 11, 2016 (sent for review September 30, 2015; reviewed by Raffi Aroian and Asher D. Cutter) Most Caenorhabditis elegans studies have used laboratory Escherichia bleach treatments of the cultures, which the nematode embryos coli as diet and microbial environment. Here we characterize bacteria are resistant to and survive. The original selection of E. coli as a of C. elegans’ natural habitats of rotting fruits and vegetation to nutritional source for C. elegans was not based on knowledge of the provide greater context for its physiological responses. By the use natural microbes associated with C. elegans in its natural habitat, but of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-based sequencing, we identified a large on the availability of E. coli in research laboratories and in the variety of bacteria in C. elegans habitats, with phyla Proteobacteria, history of Sydney Brenner, an E. coli bacteriophage geneticist, as he Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes,andActinobacteria being most abundant. developed C. elegans as a model organism (12). Since the effect of From laboratory assays using isolated natural bacteria, C. elegans is diverse pathogenic bacteria has been studied in C. elegans (13–16), able to forage on most bacteria (robust growth on ∼80% of >550 however, little effort has been made to isolate ecologically relevant isolates), although ∼20% also impaired growth and arrested and/or and not necessarily detrimental bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella Oxytoca
    & Bioch ial em b ic ro a c l i T M e f c h o Journal of n l Trivedi et al., J Microb Biochem Technol 2015, 7:4 o a n l o r g u y o DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000205 J ISSN: 1948-5948 Microbial & Biochemical Technology Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An Impact of Biofield Treatment Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1, Shrikant Patil1, Harish Shettigar1, Khemraj Bairwa2 and Snehasis Jana2* 1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA 2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Chinar Fortune City, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospital- acquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165). The study was performed into three groups i.e. C (control), T1 (treatment, revived); and T2 (treatment, lyophilized). Subsequently, groups T1 and T2 were received biofield treatment and control group was remained as untreated. The antimicrobial sensitivity results showed 3.33% and 6.67% alteration in antimicrobials susceptibility in group T1 cells on day 5 and 10, respectively, and 3.33% alteration in antimicrobials susceptibility was observed in group T2 cells on day 10 as compared to control. The sensitivity patterns of cefazolin were changed from resistant (R) to intermediate (I) on day 5, and resistance (R) to susceptible (S) on day 10, in T1 cells of K. oxytoca.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Temporal Dynamics of the Lower Urinary Tract Microbiota and the Effects of Lifestyle
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2019 Assessing the Temporal Dynamics of the Lower Urinary Tract Microbiota and the Effects of Lifestyle Travis Kyle Price Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Price, Travis Kyle, "Assessing the Temporal Dynamics of the Lower Urinary Tract Microbiota and the Effects of Lifestyle" (2019). Dissertations. 3367. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3367 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2019 Travis Kyle Price LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO ASSESSING THE TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT MICROBIOTA AND THE EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY BY TRAVIS KYLE PRICE CHICAGO, IL MAY 2019 i Copyright by Travis Kyle Price, 2019 All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank everyone that made this thesis possible. First and foremost, I want to thank Dr. Alan Wolfe. I could not have asked for a better mentor. I don’t think there will ever be another period of my life where I grow as a scientist, as a professional, or as a person more than I did under your mentorship.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Some Microcystins on the Growth of Heterotrophic Bacteria from Portuguese Freshwater Reservoirs
    Limnetica, 29 (2): x-xx (2011) Limnetica, 34 (1): 215-226 (2015). DOI: 10.23818/limn.34.17 c Asociación Ibérica de Limnología, Madrid. Spain. ISSN: 0213-8409 The impact of some microcystins on the growth of heterotrophic bacteria from Portuguese freshwater reservoirs Diana Miguéns and Elisabete Valério∗ Laboratório de Biologia e Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge. Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal. ∗ Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Received: 16/12/2013 Accepted: 05/05/2014 ABSTRACT The impact of some microcystins on the growth of heterotrophic bacteria from Portuguese freshwater reservoirs Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins that are abundantly produced by cyanobacteria. Studies have shown that these toxins affect many multicellular organisms that inhabit aquatic ecosystems; however, their impact on bacteria that co-occur with freshwater cyanobacteria is still unclear. In this study, the impact of the three most common variants of MCs (MCLR, MCRR, and MCYR) on the growth of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from four Portuguese reservoirs was evaluated. Some isolates were derived from freshwater sources where blooms of cyanobacteria that often contain microcystin-producing strains are frequently observed and from a reservoir where these phenomena do not occur. Morphological and molecular characterisation of the bacterial isolates was performed, and these bacteria were exposed to three different concentrations of each MC variant. The effect of MCs on bacterial growth was then evaluated. This study showed that MCLR, MCRR and MCYR can reduce the growth of some heterotrophic bacteria isolated from freshwater sources. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the impact of several variants of MCs was evaluated in a diverse group of freshwater heterotrophic bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quest for Novel Extracellular Polymers Produced by Soil-Borne Bacteria
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Bioprospecting: The quest for novel extracellular polymers produced by soil-borne bacteria A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Microbiology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Jason Smith 2017 i Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my dad. Vaughan Peter Francis Smith 13 July 1955 – 27 April 2002 Though our time together was short you are never far from my mind nor my heart. ii Abstract Bacteria are ubiquitous in nature, and the surrounding environment. Bacterially produced extracellular polymers, and proteins are of particular value in the fields of medicine, food, science, and industry. Soil is an extremely rich source of bacteria with over 100 million per gram of soil, many of which produce extracellular polymers. Approximately 90% of soil-borne bacteria are yet to be cultured and classified. Here we employed an exploratory approach and culture based method for the isolation of soil-borne bacteria, and assessed their capability for extracellular polymer production. Bacteria that produced mucoid (of a mucous nature) colonies were selected for identification, imaging, and polymer production. Here we characterised three bacterial isolates that produced extracellular polymers, with a focus on one isolate that formed potentially novel proteinaceous cell surface appendages. These appendages have an unknown function, however, I suggest they may be important for bacterial communication, signalling, and nutrient transfer.
    [Show full text]