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Calasiris the Pseudo-Greek Hero: Odyssean Allusions in Heliodorus' Aethiopica

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Calasiris the Pseudo-Greek Hero: Odyssean Allusions in Heliodorus' Aethiopica Christina Marie Bartley A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s degree in Classical Studies Department of Classics and Religious Studies Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Christina Marie Bartley, Ottawa, Canada, 2021 Table of Contents Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... iii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. vi Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... vii Introduction ..................................................................................................................... viii 1. The Structural Markers of the Aethiopica .......................................................................1 1.1.Homeric Strategies of Narration ..........................................................................................2 1.1.1. In Medias Res .................................................................................................................3 1.2. Narrative Voices .................................................................................................................8 1.2.1. The Anonymous Primary Narrator ................................................................................9 1.2.2. Calasiris........................................................................................................................10 1.2.3. Cnemon ........................................................................................................................13 1.3. Aesthetics and their Role in the Narrative ........................................................................22 2. The Episodic Markers of the Aethiopica ........................................................................25 2.1.The Opening Scene as the Mnesterophonia.......................................................................26 2.2.The Bandit Camp as the Telemachy...................................................................................31 2.3.Nausicles’ House as Alcinous’ Palace ...............................................................................31 2.4.The Procession in Honour of Neoptolemus and the Pythian Games as the Phaeacian Games ................................................................................................................................37 2.5.The Escape from Delphi as the Cyclopeia .........................................................................39 2.6.Three Different Versions of the Nekyia .............................................................................41 2.7.Calasiris and Charicleia’s Recognition Scenes ..................................................................46 3. Heliodorus’ Allusive Commentary on the Odyssey .......................................................51 3.1. Calasiris as the Wise Odysseus .........................................................................................53 3.2.Theagenes as the Bodily Odysseus ....................................................................................62 3.3.Charicleia as the New Odysseus ........................................................................................69 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................75 Bibliography I: Ancient Sources ........................................................................................81 Bibliography II: References ...............................................................................................83 ii Abbreviations Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Clitophon. Translated by John J. Winkler. Collected Ancient Greek Novels. Edited by B. P. Ach. Tat. Reardon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Aeschylus, Oresteia: Agamemnon. Libation Bearers. Eumenides. Edited and translated by Alan H. Sommerstein. Aesch., Cho. Loeb Classical Library 146. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. Aeschylus, Persians. Seven Against Thebes. Suppliants. Prometheus Bound. Edited and translated by Alan H. Aesch., Pers. Sommerstein. Loeb Classical Library 145. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. Apollodorus, The Library, Volume I. Translated by James G. Apollod., Bibl. Frazer. Loeb Classical Library 121. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1921. Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica. Edited and translated by Ap. Rhod., Argon. William H. Race. Loeb Classical Library 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library 73. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Arist., Eth. Nic. University Press, 1926. Aristotle, Poetics. Longinus: On the Sublime. Demetrius: On Style. Translated by Stephen Halliwell. Loeb Classical Library Arist., Poet. 199. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. Aristotle, On the Soul. Parva Naturalia. On Breath. Translated by W. S. Hett. Loeb Classical Library 288. Cambridge, MA: Arist., Parv. Nat. Harvard University Press, 1957. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Dionysii Halicarnasei Antiquitatum Romanarum quae supersunt, Vol I-IV. Translated Dion. Hal., Ant. Rom. by Karl Jacoby. Leipzig: Teubner, 1885. Dionysius of Halicarnassus. De Imitatione., in Opusculorum Volumen, ed. H. Usener and L. Radermacher (Stuttgart 1965) Dion. Hal., De Imit. 202-3; quoted in Hellmut Flashar, “Die Klassizistische Theorie der Mimesis,” Entretiens sur l'Antiquité Classique 25. (1979): 88n.1. iii Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Critical Essays Vol. II: On Literary Composition. Dinarchus. Letters to Ammaeus and Pompeius. Dion. Hal., Comp. Translated by Stephen Usher. Loeb Classical Library 466. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985. Euripides, Children of Heracles. Hippolytus. Andromache. Hecuba. Edited and translated by David Kovacs. Loeb Classical Eur., Hipp. Library 484. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. Heliodorus, An Ethiopian Story. Translated by J. R. Morgan. Collected Ancient Greek Novels. Edited by B. P. Reardon. Heliod., Aeth. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989; Héliodore, Les Éthiopiques. 3 vols. 2nd ed. Translated by J. Maillon. Edited by R. M. Rattenbury and Rev. T. W. Lumb. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1960. Homer, Homeri Opera in five volumes. Edited by David B. Hom., Il. Munro and Thomas W. Allen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1920. Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. 2 vols. Translated by A. T. Murray. Cambridge, Hom., Od. MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919. Horace, Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry. Translated by H. Hor., Ars P. Rushton Fairclough. Loeb Classical Library 194. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1926. [Longinus], Subl. Longinus, Poetics. Longinus: On the Sublime. Demetrius: On Style. Translated by Stephen Halliwell. Loeb Classical Library 199. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, and Henry Stuart Jones. A LSJ Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed. with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996. Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, Commentary on the Dream Macrob., In Somn. of Scipio by Macrobius. Translated by William Harris Stahl. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. Philostratus, Heroicus. Gymnasticus. Discourses 1 and 2. Edited and translated by Jeffrey Rusten and Jason König. Loeb Philostr., Her. Classical Library 521. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. iv Plato, Phaedrus, Translated by Harold N. Fowler. Plato in Pl., Phdr. Twelve Volumes, vol. 9. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd., 1925. Plato, Republic, Volume I. Edited and translated by Chris Pl., Resp. Emlyn-Jones and William Preddy. Loeb Classical Library 237. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. Plutarch, “Can Virtue Be Taught?” Moralia, Volume VI. Plut., Mor. De Prof. Virt. Translated by W. C. Helmbold. Loeb Classical Library 337. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1939. Plut., Vit. Ant. Plutarch, Lives: Demetrius and Antony, Pyrrhus and Gaius Marius, Volume IX. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. Loeb Classical Library 101. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1920. Polyb. Polybius. Historiae. Edited by Theodorus Büttner-Wobst and L. Dindorf. Leipzig: Teubner, 1893. Quint., Inst. Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria With An English Translation. Edited by Harold Edgeworth Butler. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd., 1922. Strabo, Geographica. Edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. Strab. 1877. v Abstract This thesis seeks to analyze the Homeric allusions in the Aethiopica with an inclusive definition to explore Heliodorus’ authorial motives. To approach this project, I use textual analysis to avoid arguments rooted in assumptions of the historical context of the novel, about which we know almost nothing. I explore how links to Homer’s Odyssey are visible within the structural organization of the text and the content of the text. I also explore how the content of the novel reproduces actions and compatible settings of Odyssean characters, which therefore qualifies Heliodorus’ characters in a metaliterary commentary with Homer’s archaic epic poem. The division of Odyssean actions and traits depicted in Heliodorus’ characters introduce
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