reconnecting NAPLES Archis RSVP#12A post-industrial fringes of the city, the spatial and the social program Naples - 15-18 February 2008 - open research/editorial event with VOLUME and DOMUS

Naples: a porous modernity Participation in Naples? Reprogramming Diary From a Scarred City Under the Volcano ...is participatory planning a serious the Outskirts ..a 31 days journey splashed with in- ...To speak in and of Naples is to feel option to get things going in Naples?... ..Smith and Barracco won’t rely on timacy and real news by novelist bound to a overwhelmingly historici- Maria Palestino has some doubts, large-scale reconversion. Instead they Riccardo Brun and his breaking por- zed place.... Francesco Ceci believes in the poten- propose a tactics of ‘micro-systems’. trait of Napoli.. Iain Chambers on page 6 tials. read more on page 10 read more on page 11 read more on page 3/15

Back to Nature Domus Editor-in-Chief Flavio Albanese advocates total abandonment of the Naples East area for the next 50 years. Mr Albanese suggested that all attempts to convert the area into a nice and prosperous housing district, better be stopped. “Let nature do its work” Read more on page 8/9 ph. Danilo Capasso, ph. >> 02#intro coastline, although both make a more a future beyond the disparate condi- ‘sun city’, Naples as ‘transport hub’ operation with a number of specialists have a chance of succeeding. That also viding insight into current develop- substantial contribution to the city’s tions of oil storage and abandoned for the Mediterranean. at his university demonstrates that the makes N.EST an interesting organiza- ments in urban space and urban economy. industrial complexes interspersed The necessary massive infrastruc- ability to come up with an integral vi- tion for others. conditions via this kind of explora- with half-demolished apartments tural transformations, the revision of sion at the urban and regional levels N.EST’s invitation to Volume and tion, as far as Volume is concerned For all that, Naples’ transformation and old villages. These areas could water management, and tackling soil is not the problem. Likewise, local Domus to come to the city for an this makes especially clear that the from a trade and industry city to a serve to relieve the city center’s over- and air pollution are assignments debate about participatory planning open editorial meeting has resulted city is too important to leave to the service and knowledge-based econo- crowding. The space is there, but for which can only be effectively han- shows that administrative reform and in this journal. It represents perspec- professionals alone. my has taken place only in dribs and the time being it is occupied by an dled centrally. That does not mean the search for effective implementa- tives on (principally) the eastern part drabs. It’s no wonder that they are extensive, polluting, irritating and that small-scale, local, even personal tion strategies is also under discussion of Naples by Neapolitans themselves. Arjen Oosterman is Editor in Chief striving to boost touristic and busi- even dangerous industry. Invest- initiatives – one’s that make a differ- in Naples. Where there is a fundamen- In addition to the importance of pro- and Publisher of Volume ness traffic. Having been awarded the ing in creative industries, which are ence – aren’t possible. If something tal lack is in the ability to cultivate 2013 UNESCO Culture Forum, they always thirsty for unconventional is pressing then show that an idea support and enthusiasm via execu- are now seeking to set in motion an locations and accommodation, is a and initiative can also be actualized, tion. Doing by making. ph. Massimiliano Rianna, MADRE Project Room during the Volume vs. Domus event Olympic Games-style economic im- seductive possibility here in order can also have practical effect. In that regard N.EST (Napoli East) pulse directed principally at the west- to stimulate transformation. This is There is an enormous amount of is a promising initiative. As a cultural ting ern part of the city (where the steel the formula which has been put in knowledge, insight and experience art collective and with the ‘project Diary From a Scarred City reconnec EDITORIAL industry was based). They expect to place all across old Europe in order available locally in municipal servic- room’ in the contemporary art mu- P L ES be able to develop a leisure coast with to give formerly urban industrial ar- es, at the university and among pri- seum Madre as its base, N.EST can Riccardo Brun N A A conference centers and a cultural pro- eas a second life. Yet more is needed vate groups. The urban architectural work on consciousness-raising and Archis RSVP#12 Connecting Naples file. The prospects for the eastern part for this transformation than a few research and design (Econeapolis) creating dialogue as well as develop 1-7th January: Pianura on fire Arjen Oosterman of the city, the focus of this journal, is empty factory complexes. One can done in the 1980s by professor of ideas which by virtue of its non-insti- I wake up on the 1st of January, at four in the afternoon, cut my hair far less clear. They are searching for think of other scenarios: Naples as architecture Aldo Loris Rossi in co- tutional background and marginality down to zero, to trim, to define, cut my beard too, I drink lots of water, Colophon In a globalized world Europe is of- look out of the window of my house in Fuorigrotta, and I’m confronted ten seen as a homogeneous block. Yet by the so-called Rubbish Emergency in display in full bloom. The foreign within the continent there are amaz- press is beginning to get interested, probably because of its strong sym- ingly large contrasts and differences. Reconnecting Naples: Moreover, this is not just true regard- bolic charge: the south of Italy is drowning in its own rubbish. For years Archis RSVP#12 A ing the newcomers to the ‘European actually, factories from the North of Italy and other Europeans country, Is a supplement to VOLUME #15 family’. Worlds of difference exist have been dumping their industrial waste around Naples, and this gives us This publication is a co-production of even among the oldest occupants of the feeling of being citizens of the world, projected toward the future. N.EST Napoliest and the Archis Foundation the European house. Take Naples, It- The rubbish disposal Emergency is fourteen years old, which makes it aly’s fourth largest city. Of course it’s Editorial Board: an old culture with a Roman and even quite inappropriate to call it an emergency. What has actually been lasting Arjen Oosterman editor in chief a Greek past (Neapolis), later ruled fourteen years is a bureaucratic procedure that enables local adminis- Diana Marrone editor at large by Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Normans, trations, by using the term Emergency, to manage huge sums of money Christian Ernsten and Lilet Breddels editors Spaniards, French, you name it! The Danilo Capasso design and art director and pass acts and procedures which would be impossible in an ordinary city has been nodal within a web of administration regime. historical and political relations; one Texts by: thinks here of the ‘Kingdom of Na- The streets covered in rubbish bags are the consequence of 14 years Flavio Albanese, Sila Barracco and Mauro ples’. It sees itself as umbilicus mundi of superficiality, corruption, incapability. The rubbish is overflowing, spill- Smith, Matteo Belfiore, Gilda Berruti and [the world’s navel], or at least as the Francesco Ceci, Luca Borriello and Salvatore ing, it turns the air foul: the picture that hundreds of photographers are center of the Mediterranean world. Velotti, Riccardo Brun, Iain Chambers, presently taking shall remain an un-perishing memory. New Year’s Eve’s But for non-Neapolitans the city lies Gigiotto Del Vecchio and Stefania Palumbo, refuse adds on to the mass of non-picked rubbish: let-off fireworks as far off the beaten track, outside the Diana Marrone, Antonio Niego, wall as faulty unexploded ones, broken chairs and bottles, soak clothes. Arjen Oosterman, Maria Federica Palestino, tumult of European politics. The Saverio Pesapane, Aldo Rianna, relative isolation of the mezzogiorno The night toll is one person dead, over a hundred wounded people, and Fabrizio Tramontano [southern Italy] is always present and a hundred fires. Thus 2008 starts here, in the scarred city, province of the active. Only in times of disaster, like Empire. There are riots in the morning of January the 2nd in the areas Images and drawings by: the 1980 earthquake or Mt. Vesu- of Pianura, Naples West, where since the 29th of December there is a Danilo Capasso, Sila Barracco and Mauro vius’ threatening rumblings (natural Smith, Alessandro Cimmino, disasters always attract attention and permanent sit-in of citizens in opposition to the opening of a new site for Roberto Conturso, Danilo Correale, are mediagenic), does Naples claim depositing ‘eco-bales’ (bales of compressed garbage) in Contrada Pisani, Giovanni Ferrarelli, Annalisa Ferrari, N.EST, the center of international attention. a rubbish-dump closed eleven years ago. Riots start when the police tries Antonio Niego, Saverio Pesapane, Aldo The recent garbage scandal made to dislodge the demonstrators. They shall not leave. Rianna, Massimiliano Rianna, news the world over; it fascinates and During the night of January the 3rd an ANM Bus – ANM is the city’s Fabrizio Tramontano, Salvatore Velotti is simultaneously played out outside the bounds of what ‘we’ in a Western, transport company – is set on fire. The following morning four ANM Translators: regulated society know; recognition is buses with flat tires are positioned by demonstrators so as to block Sean Altamura virtually out of the question. traffic coming or going out of the neighborhood. Smoke from bins and Andrea Cappellani Naples’ high unemployment, relative- David Lee (editorial) rubbish set a blaze in enormous fires invades the whole area of Pianura, ly low living standard (per capital in- covering it in a dense grey cloud that makes air un-breathable. Josh Williams come lies 30 to 40% below that of the European norm, excluding the infor- And I’m working at a movie script that I find amusing, a visionary film, Special thanks: mal economy) and very crowded city but also on retrieving credits, an activity most Neapolitans consider Ernst Bas, Domus Magazine (Stefano center mean that there is quite a lot Casciani, Massimiliano Marchica), Roberto like a second job: I make kind, gentle phone calls, sudden visits, violent still to be done. Linking up to Europe- Giannì, Diego Lama, Aldo Loris Rossi, shows-up, allusive threats, my whole repertoire on display, shifting in be- an networks would constitute appreci- MADRE Museum staff, Monique Ruhe, tween my five debtors, so that nobody shall feel privileged. And I wonder able support in this regard. This is why Supportico Lopez, Roberto Tranchese, through the city. Marco Zezza and his collages the Euro Corridor 1 (north to south: Berlin, Verona, Rome, Naples, Pal- Pianura’s rubbish-dump – says the prefect of Naples Alessandro Pansa – Archis RSVP#12A in Naples Sponsors: ermo) and the E8 (west to east: Bari, represents the only solution to drag the city out of the Emergency and The Netherlands Embassy in Rome Sofia, Varna on the Black Sea), with will stay open at least up till the end of 2009. And close in coincidence www.minbuza.nl connections to Naples and Rome) are with the opening of Acerra’s incinerator. Isituto Banco di Napoli - Fondazione on the drawing board, although there www.ibnaf.it are no certainties as to their planning In the meantime we receive news from Brussels that the European Com- MADRE Museum Naples and execution. One way or another, mission will decide – by January – whether to carry out the procedure www.museomadre.it the city must attract new business. opened against Italy the 27th of June for the rubbish disposal situation in Associazione Culturale Memenest The space-devouring oil industry region Campania. The prefect Mr. Pansa believes Brussels has been fright- www.napoliest.it (Italy has strategic oil reserves here) ened by TV reports but ‘there has been no criticism to our plan which is pr/undercover on east side of the city and the steel press officers & event designers industrial in the west have the city in, not stalled – on the contrary – is going ahead’. www.pressreleaseundercover.com as it were, a spatial headlock without The 5th of January four busses burn in Pianura: they’re the ones used We thank M.M., private donor: he is a substantially contributing to the wel- yesterday for blocking the road. contemporary, silent prince fare of the residents. Then there are Then I discover that a few days ago Region Campania – with an incred- the airport and shipping ports which ible sense of timing, disregard of all appearances, and uncertain use of take up a great deal of the Neapolitan

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Alessandro Cimmino, MAY-DAY#2, 100x128cm, pure carbon pigmented print, 1/5, courtesy of the artist >> 04#the city from the special Euro Objective 1 funds investments in culture in the interval Curiosity killed the cat: former Bag- that are meant to help those regions 2004/2007. The state and local invest- noli Futura general manager was Naples with a personal income less than 75% ments to make the application for the Sabatino Santangelo, present vice- of European average. But these funds Culture Forum were over 5 million major of Naples Council; present come to an end with the next five-year euro (of which nothing can be seen Bagnoli Futura general manager is Euro Program, in 2013. And after, this in actual implementation yet). Naples the former vice-major, University 2013? state-assisted economy will become a 2013 Culture Forum will host the big- professor Rocco Papa. With its 62,3 Diana Marrone free market one. Campania was and is gest archaeological show ever exhib- million Euro of capital, Bagnoli Fu- the poorest Europe-15 region with its ited and foresees to create 10.000 new tura SPA (90% owned by Naples Naples, one of the marvelous world 66.9% of income per inhabitant. Na- jobs (in some areas, especially in East Council) can buy industrial areas to edge cities, is constantly under siege ples Council total 2007 budget was Naples, unemployment rate is more reconvert and administrate the funds from un-solved administrative and almost 1,5 billion euro, of which only than 20% on a population of 148.990 for the ecological disaster recovery. social problems, such as: traffic con- 1.25% is invested in culture. citizen - mainly young people – liv- Money that comes from the Italian trol, garbage and garbage cycle, cor- The capital investment in culture per ing there). The Culture Forum will be central government, notwithstanding ruption (6 public officials were con- year was: hosted in the western part of the city, firm opposition from Lega Lombarda victed to jail or home arrests only 2004 27.612.390 euro while the most relevant infrastructure the secessionist north Italy party and on January 2008), school drop-outs, 2005 5.668.598 euro networks (port, airport, central train former government in the past years. ph. Danilo Capasso infrastructural gap and digital divide. 2006 4.947.427 euro station) and the main accommodation The funds has not yet lead to any Since 2005-6, emigration rate in- 2007 3.472.586 euro industry is located in east and down- visible public work or restoration. creased like in the black 1980’s of the (that will be approved June 30, 2008!) town Naples. The west part has been Meanwhile in East Naples suburbs, dreadful earthquake. chosen for the presence of the Fair where no Urban Transformation So the city that will host the Interna- district (Mostra D’Oltremare) and Company has been yet founded (and Naples’ region Campania, is one of tional Culture Forum by Unesco in because the urban plan prepares the the pollution is more than 5.000.000 the European Regions benefiting 2013, strongly decreased the capital development of the former area of the cubic meters just on the coastline!), steelworks (Bagnoli). Here the pollu- the owners of the former industrial tion level is extremely serious and the areas are issuing road shows to sell cleaning process is still ongoing, lead their plants. by the Urban Transformation Com- Italian political elections will be on pany (STU) Bagnoli Futura. April 13-14, 2008 after the fall of the shortest government of the Republic: depending on who will win the elec- tions, the country assets for South, and Naples especially, could vary enormously.

Diana Marrone (1973) is journalist, relation & event designer Naples //language – has communicated that ‘coming into being a new scenery in which the safekeeping, reclamation, retraining of regional territory will coordinates be at the core of new strategies – it intends organizing an occasion of debate – on a scientific and financial basis’ and has put in 245 thousand euros for a conference about: Environmental Sustainability. On January 40°50” N 14°15” the 6th twenty-one dummies hanging by nooses with the names of the president of the Region, Antonio Bassolino, and the Naples major Rosa Russo Jervolino, are found not far from the major’s house. Bassolino City area >117 km² acknowledges criticisms, accepts political responsibilities, but says he will not resign. More riots in Pianura: about 200 demonstrators have Population (2006) >1,046,987 a confrontation with Police forces between via Montagna Spaccata and via Paolucci. Great tension at dawn with the arrival of trucks for the Density >8,334.5/km² preparation of the storage deposit for eco-bales. Some policemen and Metro area >1,171.13 km² demonstrators wounded. Even ambulances suffer the effects of the protest and have to be es- Population (2005) >3,092,859 corted by police. While assisting an emergency case, the personnel of an ambulance is assaulted by a group of people taking part in the road Density >2,641/km² blockages.Informed about the turmoil in Naples, president of the Repub- lic, Giorgio Napolitano – from Capri – comments ‘to set rubbish bins on fire is barbarous and harmful to public health, causing dioxin exhalations into the air’… Chaos brakes out in Pianura again, after just one peaceful night. January the 7th all access roads to the neighborhood are shut-off by demonstra- tors’ footprint blockages. More fires still. An extensive fire breaks out within the dump. More confrontations with police forces during the night amidst burning bins, barricaded streets, Molotov bombs being set-off. Sircana, spokesman for the government, declares: ‘Radical solution within Naples 24 hours’. Jervolino, major of Naples: ‘Prodi had knowledge of the situation a year ago already’. east Naples President of Confindustria (employer’s federation) Montezemolo: ‘unac- >> ceptable disgrace’. // > >> 06#inside //Diary from a scarred city (2) area – like the so-called bipiani – cur- 8th-15th of January: arrival of the super commissioner rently squatted by illegal immigrants. On the morning of January the 8th schools in Pianura are open, but there But in this disrupted landscape there are no children in class, and public transport is not circulating. NAPLES: is continuity too. In fact, a millennia At 2.30 pm Gianni De Gennaro, former chief of Police during Genoa’s old housing typology survived the G8 congress of 2001, charged with instigation to false testimony, is ap- ages and is still an inspiration for new a porous modernity housing. The once ubiquitous ‘domus pointed Executive Commissioner to the rubbish-disposal emergency. / vernacular room’, that as basic shel- Yet another night of great tension in Pianura. Groups of young men on ter developed in over 4000 years of scooters patrol the streets stopping and checking anybody on the roads. Under the Volcano continuous living in the area, could A sort of curfew descends upon the Neapolitan neighborhood around Iain Chambers become a starting model for the de- 10 pm. Streets are deserted and the atmosphere is almost spectral. velopment of a more conscious, hu- But for group of people presiding access to Contrada Pisani, and garbage The word ‘history’ stands written on the stitutions. For it is here that the urban man centered and sustainable way of countenance of nature in the characters web tends to come undone and expose inhabiting the areas left by the former bonfires punctuating the night with uncertain lighting, it could look like of transience. a living museum of archaic fragments, industrial activities. The room takes its a ghost town. Walter Benjamin, customs and practices. Yesterday its ru- origin in prehistoric village huts, in the Tension still smoldering under the ashes suddenly violence breaks out The Origin of German Tragic Drama ined landscape was the source of the already mentioned one family Roman again: first two photo reporters’ car pelted with stones, then a huge domus and in the Greek megaron. In Romantic sublime (Goethe, Turner), banger thrown inside the fire brigade’s building, then more stones against I remember that my heart finally broke or later of a disenchanted capitalism both Ponticelli and Barra this ‘matrix’ in Naples. Not over a girl or a thing, but (Benjamin, Sohn-Rethel). Today it in- of the human settlement is clearly rec- a police car. And then again cars turned up-side-down, or some, bar- over an idea. When I was little, they’d creasingly attracts the gaze of anthro- ognizable. The organic juxtaposition ricades. Prime Minister Romano Prodi calls for cohesion of all State told me I should be proud to be an Amer- pologists as they retreat from previous of these cubes along the sides of the institutions to face Naples’ rubbish-disposal emergency. ican. And I suppose I was, though I saw peripheries to considering Europe’s atrium, created, subsequently in the Lombardia, Friuli Venezia Giulia and Liguria regions refuse to receive gar- course of the centuries, a more com- no reason I should applaud every time own internal frontiers and the pecu- bage from Campania. Only Sardinia is ready to accept the arrival of ship- I saw the flag in a newsreel. But I did liar rituals of its native populations. plex house and urban fabric, like those believe that the American way of life was Yet Naples is not simply the labora- we can still admire ‘frozen’ in their first loads of rubbish starting from tomorrow. an idea holy in itself, an idea of freedom tory of the archaic, or a zoo of arrested ph. Danilo Capasso, typical fish meal Century A.C. development in Pompei The 9th of January I accompany the film directress whom I’m working bestowed by intelligent citizens on one urban development. Its crumbling and Ercolano, and in the current multi with to visit the contemporary art museum Madre, just by via Duomo. another. Yet after a little while in Naples historical core toasting in the sun has “The inhabitants of the Mediterranean belong familiar courts. Built against ground, M. is from Milan, and while talking to her I try to pay a small tribute the where possible, and out of stone as a I found out that America was a country also been abruptly interrupted by the more to a city than to a state or a nation” city deserves, depicting in all its complexity. At Madre I silently grumble just like any other, except she had more modern skyline punctuation of a com- continuous structure the dwelling unit material wealth and more advanced mercial and administrative centre that is covered with an ‘extrados’ stone vault against contemporary art, while she walks around fascinated and tries to plumbing. was conceived in Tokyo, complete with or a wooden roof, and the main dwell- explain what we are looking at. We stop, slightly dazed, by Venus in Rags, John Horner Burns, The Gallery mirrored-windowed high rise office ing level and the gallery (ballatoio) by Michelangelo Pistoletto, that in a way seems to render the city’s situ- blocks and external express elevators. is reachable thanks to arched open ation perfectly. staircases juxtaposed to the facades to To speak in and of Naples is to feel With its violent mixture of antiquated Coldiretti – the farmers association – issues a warning: rubbish emer- bound to a overwhelmingly histori- street rites and global design capital- which they provide also shade in sum- cized place. The evidence is irrefu- ism, Naples confronts us as a riddle. mer time. An underground water tank gency is marring Campania’s reputation and image with severe economic table: a gaping hole in Piazza Bellini (…) Neapolitans consume five times built to collect rain water coming from damage to business – loss estimated in 30%. reveals the Greek walls of Neapolis; more water than the inhabitants of the vaults or the pierced wooden roof At 8 pm the first ship containing rubbish from Campania arrives to the the ubiquity of Baroque buildings; Paris; not only bodies, but also floors, would provide a flat area on a sloping port of Cagliari (Sardinia). Groups of citizens fight against police forces ground and of course a reserve of water the disrepair and decomposition of are washed daily. Although managed by ph. Danilo Capasso, Bagnoli bay, west Naples till late at night, trying to prevent the ship from coming into the harbor antique streets and irregularly paved capital the city seems frequently to be in the long dry season. The thick walls alleys. All this material evidence of out of control. Only an exasperated in- and the openings of the room, always or unload its contents. the passage of time seemingly pro- dividualism, everyone free to invent his terland long before the nation state conserved. (…) The social and cultural facing south even in the urban fabric The 13th of January M. leaves again for Milan. I catch a train too, for a trip vides an immediate set of explana- or her own highway code and building appears in its sense of identity. Even problems of the historical centre con- Sustainable of the village or town, would (and still to Rome where I have a job meeting. I go to a dinner with all people from tions. After all, this is what the hun- legislation, manages to leave its mark. the Nativity scene becomes a Neapoli- tinue to be architecturally dominated does) provide the perfect environmen- the movie ambient. A small affable world, that lives in an enclosure. They tal control, protection against glare, dreds of books on the city tell me (…) Still, the modern myth of the ra- tan scene. The papier mâché models by the ideological insistence of con- Shelter ask me – in between a savory tort and a glass of wine – and wearing a again and again. It is also what the tional organization of urban space, of heat and noise, plus natural ventila- and ceramic figures of biblical Beth- servation. (…) Naples has the lowest concerned expression – about Naples. An actress tells me that ‘Naples local account, suitably crossed with production, labor and profit, continues lehem that constitute the Christmas amount of recreational space and parks Fabrizio Tramontano tion; in other words: well-being and Oriental and Greco-Roman myths, to be interrupted, decomposed and presepe are invariably populated with in the whole of Europe, and probably sustainability. Most of these ‘cubes’, is passionate and paradoxical…’ The 14th of January is a morning of road and then amplified in folkloristic deviated by innumerable pockets of local market figures, piazzas and piz- in the First World. (…) That is why In an area hallmarked by fragmenta- which punctuate the area outside the blockages around the Naples area by citizens demanding rubbish to be tion, disruption, and discontinuity, a details, also provides. The Sirens social resistance, mercantilism, barter, zas. Two myths are fused into a mini- when observing some of these decay- denser settlements, lay abandoned removed. But the rubbish just refuses to be bossed around by anyone. 4000 year old way of living might pro- and neglected, because they recall to (Homer’s adoption of a Phoenician corruption and crime that frequently aturized language of representation in ing buildings, often accentuated by Situation is at its worst around peripheries. myth) and the passage of Ulysses be- cross-fertilize each other: the corner vide clues how to recolonize the area. its former inhabitants the rural origin which the religious and the secular, the effects of the 1980 earthquake, it About one hundred thousand students of the province of Naples will tween Capri and the tip of the bay at deal concluded on the cellular phone, the past and the present, the distant would seem better, despite all the dif- Tradition to the rescue. of the area, or have been surrounded Punta Campanile, the Sybil of Cuma black market couriers on their scoot- and the immediate, the dead and the ficulties of resolving the personal situa- by car-parks, high-rise, highway via- fail to attend lessons today, while all around its just fires, stench, smokes, and the entrance to the underworld ers, the buying and selling of favors, living, share the same world. (…) The tion of those who live there, to remove After the earthquake of 1980, the na- ducts, former industrial and currently blocked roads. tional plan for building ‘20.000 new at Lake Averno in the nearby Phle- the institutionalized bribe. This is the visceral gestures of self-referentiality – the building, not in order to build also abandoned shed buildings. At the Bosnian writer Predrag Matvejevic declares ‘I suffer for Naples just like dwellings’ tried to restore and com- same time people from nowhere nestle grean Fields, traces of the Asiatic cult tangled undergrowth of another city, and the presepe and a local literature again but rather to change the use of for Mostar Bridge’. of Mithras, the adoption and solace and of a cultural formation that loses plete the old settlements in the area. in prefabricated concrete shells, which deeply self-absorbed in the city’s dis- that space by leaving it open, unbuilt. A banner appears on E-bay together with the picture of a mountain of souls in Purgatory through the pol- its strands in the labyrinth of kinship, solution and imminent demise are only (…) As a propped-up environment, a Gianfranco Caniggia (University of should be demolished and its inhabit- ishing and personal care of skulls in street culture, local identity, popular the most documented exposure of this propped-up city, an uncertain ambient Rome) had provided the cultural cor- ants moved to those former industrial of rubbish: ‘D.O.C. Campania rubbish, variable acreages. Special: rubbish the city’s underground cemeteries: all memory and urban folklore. daily narrative – continue to propose that experiences continual mutation, rect analysis to do so. It didn’t pre- areas, which have now become avail- over 30 days old. If you purchase large quantities you will still pay the vent that the last empty areas around deepen and disseminate the mystery. (…) Naples certainly proposes its own all the pathos of that loss. This is to ap- Naples inadvertently suggests a more able once again, in less dense and same postage fee.’ the historical centers of S. Giovanni, more environmentally conscious new In this narrative Naples emerges, in particular configuration of modern life. preciate that there is no overall project transitory sense of habitation. Maybe somebody will buy it. Curzio Malaparte’s words, as a sur- Here conflicts and contradictions are or unifying design able to encompass Barra and Ponticelli got filled with settlements. vivor from an ‘antique, pre-Christian uncovered, sometimes brutally, and of- the Neapolitan experience. It is a story from “Le molte voci del mediterraneo” Italy, poorly designed expansions. Most of Fabrizio Tramontano is an architect world, that has remained intact on ten violently registered. This is a man- that can be caught in fragments, in the Raffaello Cortina Editore, 2007, chapter 4. the new buildings were constructed Diary from a scarred city (3) Iain Chambers teaches Cultural and and contributing editor for various the surfaces of modernity.’ Evoked ner of being contemporary that is strik- economy of disorder, in the cathartic with ‘heavy prefabricated’ building post colonial studies at University techniques (the already obsolete-at Italian magazines. He is chief exhibi- against the timeless intensities of the ingly different from those institutional laughter induced by a tragic comedy, “L’Orientale”, Naples. He deals with tion designer for the Italian Gallery 16th- 23 th of January: his wife under arrest, he causes Mediterranean sea and a slumbering proposals that persistently mask social, in the flickering half-light of a seem- the-time French ‘Tunnel’), the use of social sciences, popular culture – themes which was justified by Lia Rumma. the Government to fall. volcano, such accounts color, if only economic and cultural tensions behind ingly ineluctable decay. Paradoxically, mirroring in his books, many of them the ‘time emergency’. The 16th of January the judge for preliminary enquiries of Santa Maria tangentially explain, the textures and the glass and steel facades of an official as a built environ- published also in Italian. ph. Fabrizio Tramontano, Ponticelli courts temper of the contemporary city, its modernity that simply exorcises and ment, an archi- While the 20.000 Capua Vetere puts Sandra Mastella, President of Regional Council of sedimented reason and unfolding ra- consigns to the ‘market’ what it cannot tectural reality, a ph. Massimilano Rianna, Marco Zezza works streetwise new dwellings were Campania and wife of Minister of Justice Clemente Mastella, under house tionale, its passionate geography and absorb and manage. (…) historical testa- being built, many people actually lived arrests. Charge is attempted bribery. Mrs Mastella’s house arrest will psychosomatic philosophy. ment, the sense of infuriate her husband causing him to resign from the office of Minister of Naples is a multifaceted city attached An Architecture of Transit the city continues in ‘Container Cit- Justice and then to make the Government fall by withdrawing the votes to the edge of southern Europe. As The inhabitants of the Mediterranean be- to be represented ies’ and ‘temporary such it has often provided a favorite long more to a city than to a state or a as though it were dwellings’. Some of of his group in Parliament. site for examining the loose ends of a nation. homogeneous: the these temporary shel- Rubbish Emergency triggers imagination of passionate lotto followers ters had been insu- European formation, where civil so- Predrag Matvejevic, Mediterranean: A Cul- teleology of tem- lated using asbestos, [interpretation of events or dreams resulting in a series of numbers], ciety and the state seemingly wither tural Landscape poral stratification who try to work out the winning terno (combination of three numbers) away in the chaos of its streets and Like many Mediterranean cities, Na- and some of them are has at all costs to for playing the lottery. the snarled up complexities of its in- ples refers to itself and its local hin- be respected and still standing in the

pag 00// > >> 08#N.EST a web TV and a sort of site-secific You you to let nature do the job (hic sunt Tube for the districts of eastern Na- leones!). If we manage to trust na- ples, the N.ESTube, www.nestube. ture’s long term work, and its capac- Cultural Activism com (featured at the Creativity Fes- ity to repair and restore diversity, we tival in October 2007 and funded by could find ourselves facing a living A debate between Domus and N.EST the region of Tuscany). Thus we have fabric, with which we could open a a small integrated online presence. serious discourse. Let natural factors Flavio Albanese take their course, without any inter- During the N.EST 2.0 Volume/Domus with other European cities. N.EST - Diana Marrone vention, for 30 years (which is the av- open editorial meeting, Domus Editor- Unlike Giovanni, Danilo and Mas- erage time it takes a tree to mature) in-Chief Flavio Albanese interrogated N.EST — Danilo Capasso: similiano, I’ve always thought of and we will find out, surprisingly, the N.EST-team on their hopes, goals Good challenging questions. I can N.EST as a real cultural project. I was that a well defined situation will be and ambitions. A discussion on options answer your question straight away. dragged into the N.EST project by reborn, in which it will be possible to for intervention, the economy of action An operation like N.EST will surely Danilo 4 years ago. I’ve brought prag- reason seriously, outside of any ap- and the peculiar conditions of Naples to have a future as economic actor, even matism which would provide N.EST parent logical economy. This is the work with. though it originally started as a wish. with operative technical instruments. only possible long term solution that N.EST wasn’t born by magic. It was I’m not personally interested in mak- I think is practical for the area in the Domus — Flavio Albanese: born as a result of an attempt to live ing N.EST my job, but I just wish net financial investments. Not even Nowadays in Italy public opinion is on the territorial economy. To open that such a complex project could ex- making the parks that so attract ar- awakened by many organisations an office in the Eastern part ofNa- ist and function in a city like Naples chitects, but that cost so much, and which we call “subjects of opinion”. ples (before founding N.EST) while where conditions are very hard. that draw away energy that could be These organisations are capable of living in a city with an immature ur- What I wanted from N.EST was only used to build hospitals, schools and putting effective pressure on public ban economy not in line with those of what we needed to create a cultural kindergartens. Refusing to fence it opinion regarding particular issues. other European cities, means becom- project (bilingual, provided with a da- off, refusing to let nature do its job, www.napoliest.it These “subjects of opinion”, but ing a full economic subject. N.EST, in ph. Annalisa Ferrari, MADRE Museum Project Room, RSVP interview and portraits which could also be called “political fact, was born thanks to a pre-existing subjects”, exist in an area between the economy like mine. I’ve run a com- Centro Direzionale public and the private sector thus cre- munication company for eight years ating strong interaction. Concerning in Gianturco. It gathers the different territorial national politics, and dueto professions which are part of the in- the pressure they can put on institu- formal economy (artists, profession- tions, these structures play relevant als, designers, craftsmen). It roughly roles in the creation of infrastructure, represents our economic model, Train Station both big and small. However, despite which is not necessarily a multina- widespread belief, these are not spon- tional company or other form of eco- 1. taneous, self-managed subjects: actu- nomic business. ally to be reliable and concrete actors, The operation we are conducting, to put necessary pressure on institu- which started from a will to improve tions and to swing public opinion to a the livability of Naples, is the result of 2. specific theme, these subjects of opin- the lack of urban and social quality of 3. ion must have strongly economised life and the lack of an economic plat- structures, i.e. Legambiente Italia form, which is far from the reality of Gianturco which is able to employ around 1600 other European cities. 1. people. In such a scenario, it’s legiti- The starting point is always a sensitive mate to wonder if NEST thinks it can desire: idealism applied to a territory. become a “subject of opinion” capable We are professionals, but first of all of swinging public opinion and exert- we are people who compare our own 5. ing pressure, and at the same time re- culture and aspiration to enjoy the 4. maining a spontaneous and self-run city with what it has to offer. Because exercise, which can interact without urban opportunities and professional the support of an economic structure. aspirations don’t match, we search I was struck by the K-8 Petroleum Ita- for a way not to drown in the lack of 1. lia case (which N.EST contacted di- contact between reality and desire. rectly in order to document the urban This leads to the will to start some- transformations forecasted in view of thing which could eventually become the oil refinery decontamination – to an economic reality. All the work in which we received a negative reply) the last few years, with the support Napoliest 2013 which I consider somehow emblem- of many people and artists, aims to N.EST, Urban Amenities: Gianturco district intervention plan atic. It seems very difficult to become change the eastern part of the city. 1. Park Link, 2. Center for Contemporary Cultures, 3. new public square, one of the recognised interlocutors 4. Bike lane, 5. Brin Art Station without having bargaining power de- When we talk about change, we do ph. Massimiliano Rianna, N.EST 2.0 Tour of Eastern Naples ph. Giovanni Ferrarelli riving from an economically robust not imagine a utopian change of di- ph. Danilo Capasso, WALK, Napoliest City Sightseeing tour and organised structure. I think you rection. We refer to changes of the tabase, mailing list and instruments of just because the area is inhabited, DOMUS - How so? will inevitably be exposed to the risk of most common aspects of daily life. In communication) which could be ex- therefore means achieving nothing. being dominated by actors and struc- the districts of eastern Naples, there is ported, and represented a precise net N.EST— Danilo Capasso: tures, because, unlike you, they have little social life. There are little public investment so that something normal NEST — Danilo Capasso: To become actors, to participate in a defined economic structure and can relations. It’s an area where politics could grow in Naples, and for Naples. We have a program. We started four something that may emerge in the use supports and mobilisations to in- crucially affects every aspect of daily It should have clear aims and objec- years ago, gathering information on form of projects or designs (for the tervene in society in a precise manner. life. This is due to the fact that there tives, with a clear schedule, in order the eastern parts of Naples, identify- territory), we have also founded an If you want to become a subject of is no-one and nothing fuelling the to make it an actor with alliances and ing areas of social and urban need. architecture and design practice opinion, you will eventually become economy in these areas from the bot- agreements in the territory. Unfortu- Then we invented a methodology next to N.EST. an economic subject tom. And that’s where we are starting nately, Naples is not an easy city to (The Urban Amenities Program) Let’s wait for our credibility to reach from: from the bottom, on our own, live or work in. which uses these important data to a level at which we will be listened N.EST — Giovanni Ferrarelli: with our own means of what I call- intervene in the territory (gaps and to seriously. ph. Massimiliano Rianna N.EST, Urban Amenities, Art Station The project is the result of some citi- sustainable persuasion we are laying DOMUS — Flavio Albanese: public spaces). This enables us to zens’ will (in their thirties, just start- the foundations for something that On the other hand, you need to won- modify the negative perception of the Naples, February 17th, 2008 N.EST Napoliest is a project that documents the urban transformations ing to work) to change the territory we would like to do in the future. It’s der if the haste to intervene is not bad urban quality and to make it more Flavio Albanese, Italian architect and of the eastern zone of Naples through art, creativity and new media. It was where we work and live. Based on not a game. Maybe it started as such advice. I think so. If I were asked what pleasant to people like us and all art collector, is the Editor of Domus launched as a web platform in 2004 through the creation of an online database, personal experience, we need a net- among friends, but we have the will to to do in eastern Naples, given what I those who live there. If we consider Magazine since May 2007. Domus which has been collecting and publishing artistic, literary and technical contribu- joined a research program on Na- work of people different to the ex- change the urban reality strategically. have seen, I would reply: ‘Everybody a portion of eastern Naples, let’s say tions ever since. N.EST is an attempt to reconstruct the fragmented identity ph. Danilo Correale isting means available to designers. The cultural project N.EST will try to out, including N.EST! Let’s fence Gianturco, during the day there are ples with Volume Magazine with the of an urban area, that of eastern Naples, which in the course of the past cen- We have also witnessed that often become urban and architectural. it off, let’s sow weeds, let’s close the more than 30,000 people working, occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Italian magazine. Invited by Di- tury has undergone far-reaching transformations driven by industrialization and urban projects in the eastern part We want to gather a group of pro- gates, and see what happens after 50 while at night there are barely 6000 which today appears as a valuable territory with an enormous urban potential of the city do not succeed. We are 4 ana Marrone, during the exhibition fessionals who can form a driving years, let’s see what Mother Nature inhabitants. If those who work there N.EST 2.0 / the making of the city, for intelligent enhancement. people (Danilo Capasso, Giovanni force, based in eastern Naples, strong does — nature will sort out the area in the day were to decide to stay for guest at MADRE Museum Project N.EST Napoliest is: Ferrarelli, Diana Marrone, Massi- enough to re-launch production and getting rid of all that ails it.’ We are another two hours, or even came to Room, Domus has been represented Danilo Capasso/Giovanni Ferrarelli/Diana Marrone/Massimiliano Rianna miliano Rianna), who, while not cur- the economy of the city. We’d like to talking about an urban area that for live there, then eastern Naples would also by its deputy Editor, Stefano info: [email protected] rently living in a neglected periphery use the institutions and the arts to by- 20 years has been used as a dumping acquire a new social structure. We Casciani, and by Massimiliano Mar- last exhibitions: 2008/2007: MADRE Museum Project Room - N.EST 2.0 of Naples, have a dream: to live in pass the classical system of urban in- ground. If I had to suggest a project would like to cross-breed these areas chica, assistant to the Editor. the making of the city - curated by Gigiotto Del Vecchio & Stefania Palumbo a city like Naples and put it in line terventions. We have built a database, for the areas we have seen, I would tell on a social level. (Naples)/// Annali dell’Architettura e delle Città - 20.07 In Forum Versus - cu- rated by Luca Molinari (Naples)/// Festival della Creatività 2nd edition - presen- tation of the N.ESTUBE platform (Florence) read more at www.napoliest.it. >> 10#democracy opening up conflicts, invading pro- is that this emotional wave wasn’t tables in support of decision-making tected territories and posing a threat followed by any normalization at processes aimed at development – The Death of to partisan interests. all nor by the expected innovations felt to have been manipulated. This lack of preconditions that could in the city governance. What hap- And never did any participative instill a participative culture in the de- pened next? The city plunged back process result in an implementation. Participation in Naples cision-making process was accompa- into complexity and, accordingly, If any pathway was undertaken, it Maria Federica Palestino nied in the 1990’s by an unusual type the rhetoric of ungovernability and was then invariably and inexorably of governance that introduced a tem- emergency were restored. abandoned halfway. This struck a Optimism is a strong emotion, a source any pathways that would make this porary change – which was more of a However something has actually hard blow on the city’s social capital, of energy that can move mountains. complexity even more intricate. In ‘media’ event than an actual change changed in the governing style of dramatically reducing listening and But is participatory planning the way the name of the emergency that has – labeled as ‘Neapolitan renaissance’. some local politicians: they use the interaction skills as well as creativity to go, a serious option to get things going always afflicted the city, citizens are This resulted in a widespread demand citizens’ demand for participation and propositional skills of partici- in Naples? Maria Palestino has serious requested – sometimes forced – not for participation on the part of citi- (which in the meantime has grown) pants from every cultural and social “The reality of things is that doubts. to disturb the ‘driver’. This trend to zens-users but also of thoughtful and to gain consensus.It is sufficient to layer. What happened is that we lost cut down on participation, consider- up-to-date urban policy-makers, not look at the coarse management of motivation and willingness to social- this emotional wave wasn’t fol- Participation has never been taken ing it as a luxury we cannot afford, only from public administrations. the various Forums organized by the ize our city – both inside and outside into great consideration by Neapoli- makes the difference between Naples Much could be said about the cathar- municipal administration – the last of it – and today, paradoxically, we lowed by any normalization at tan decision-makers, let alone par- and cities like Turin and Rome, where tic value of the so-called ‘symbolic of which was organized to launch the have to face the fact that we are no ticipation to programs, projects and participation is now permanently an policies’ implemented by the mayor Strategic Plan – to see how practices longer capable – neither from the all nor by the expected innova- plans dealing with urban and town item on urban planners agendas. This of Naples and his council between aimed at building empowerment cultural nor from the technical point planning issues. Up to twenty years is due to the latest generation of urban 1994 and 1997-98, as well as on the and creating occasions to stratify a of view – to produce participation. tions in the city governance” ago for politicians and lawmakers revitalization programs and strategies, sharing practices aimed at the moral shared culture around the city and governing the city and managing ur- but also to the fact that participation and cultural re-appropriation of the its transformations were instead Maria Federica Palestino is profes- ban transformations, producing par- has become a precondition to apply city by its dwellers. It will be enough manipulated for a partisan interest. sor of Urban and Planning Science ticipation meant letting citizens ex- for targeted funding within the frame- to say that this all resulted in a surge According to careful observers this at Naples Architecture University. ert their right to make observations work of European regeneration poli- of civic pride and the ensuing resto- all triggered an irreversible process on the urban plan according to law cies. In Naples, instead, it is difficult, ration of citizens’ trust towards their of discouragement and loss of trust 1150 of 1942, or at the most, letting if not impossible, to include participa- government, which, like a tumultuous especially among those (many) peo- their voters represent them when it tion in an integrated planning scheme. wave, embraced the whole city, from ple who had invested in the ‘renais- came to evaluate the adequacy of This deadlock could only be broken the center to the suburbs. For a mo- sance’. This is why the city seems decisions for the future of the city. by making a change at the administra- ment it seemed that the city could be today so irresponsive and does not After all there has always been plen- tive and managerial levels, supporting governed again according to ‘normal’ ‘swallow it’ when it is offered to ty of rhetoric justifying this stance. transversal and intersectorial com- criteria and that this normalization share common pathways. Too many Such rhetoric was – and still is – petences, promoting the interaction would open the way for committed times in the past few years have the based on the grounds that governing between different councillorships and citizens and also for participation dwellers, associations, artists, schol- Naples means fighting against some- various points of view. Local adminis- practices, which in the meantime were ars, shopkeepers, entrepreneurs, thing very complex, therefore those trators though are willingly preventing starting to spread in the territories in a involved in participation processes in power feel for some reason that this from happening on the grounds spontaneous and self-promoted – yet in the broad sense – from practices they are authorized not to undertake that it would just be ‘troublesome’, confused – way. The reality of things targeted at projects, to negotiating

ph. courtesy Casa della Città participatory session ph. courtesy Casa della Città, S. Giovanni a Teduccio coastline

tan public institutions. As a matter of the waterfront, long since occupied its spirit in Europe. The participa- as creatively as possible, learning to fact, such an approach, far removed by many production facilities (often tory process started with the field take a step backwards towards local Eastern Naples from Italian conventional policies, is used faulty). It’s clear that there are work which led to the discovery of inhabitants. As a matter of fact, fos- //The most popular numbers for tonight’s drawing are 12 (the Army), 60 alien to Neapolitan cultural customs many ways to solve these problems, resources and the problems of San tering dialogue between citizens, and (Naples) and 70 (rubbish). Last week’s best combination was 24 (police), Betting on Participation and usual procedures. Thus, it is a but the question at stake is, accord- Giovanni. The second step was con- discussing with the planning team, in 38 (the beating in allusion to riots in Pianura) , and 70 (rubbish). Now very real test which is tried out in San ing to us, whether it is possible for stituted by an important event of the end, can have an actual impact in that the situation is a little calmer, experts have changed previous num- Francesco Ceci + Gilda Beruti Giovanni. At the beginning, the Town local communities to influence the public consultation in the form of the subsequent planning stages. This Council opted for participatory plan- image of the future of their district ‘Open space technology’ (OST). seems a good reason for making bets bers leaving 70 unvaried. ‘Dialogue to the rescue’. Participatory participatory planning. A bet on the ning, mainly in order to inform and in regards of its difficult context. During this event all the citizens on participatory planning. Finally, the During the night of the 17th of January the army begins to remove piles planning and the focus on smaller scale inhabitants’ skills in making sugges- verify the inhabitants’ acceptance of Most determining choices already were invited to exchange ideas on the actual step: the Department of urban of rubbish from Scampia and Pianura. 60 men are at work together with quality projects might trigger develop- tions for the future and a bet on the urban transformations. Yet, they were seem to have been made (by eco- way to re-appropriate the sea. Some planning is working hard to complete 14 between trucks and bulldozers. ments that seem beyond the scope of tra- capability of the institutions to learn skeptical about the inhabitants’ skills nomic forces or due to conventional ideas coming out of this event have the master plan by next summer; to In the evening I go to the house of friends in Sanità district for a party. We ditional top down planning. Francesco a new approach to urban decision- in giving suggestions for the project. procedures).The experience in San been studied in depth over several this extent we are organizing a work- Ceci and Gilda Berrutti, both working making. The occasion has arisen from Today, it has been three years; some Giovanni proves that this challenge meetings (via focus groups, work- shop on the Art district’s construction drink, eat, dance to loud music till 3 am. at the planning department, discuss a an integrated urban program, the In- key ideas of the urban project come can be met only if the discussion shops, etc.). At present, inhabitants’ with a selected group of inhabitants The next morning I discover we came close to having a huge fight. Two test case in the eastern part of Naples’ novative program in the urban area of from the inhabitants’ suggestions. regarding the future of this area are suggestions are developing together and experts. The main problems to families in a house nearby the party were in mourning for a so-called agglomeration. Naples (Piau), which started in 2005. In San Giovanni the main spatial held in an ‘open space’ in which eve- with urban projects, economic plans solve are how to finance the project, camorra death – somebody linked to a ‘family’ was killed by a rivaling This ongoing involvement of the lo- problems to solve are the lack of con- ryone is willing to learn and listen and political agreements in what we how to imagine a democratic man- family group. They found late night blaring music disrespectful and want- On the eastern coast of Naples, in cal community in decisions concern- nection with the coast, due to the to the others. The most remarkable think is a challenging development. agement of the Art district. Another San Giovanni a Teduccio, the Town ing the planning of their district is a presence of the railway line, the de- outcome of the participatory process A process of hope is thus under crucial issue is winning the political ed to come up to the last floor, where we were, armed with sticks and Council has made a twofold bet on remarkable experiment for Neapoli- mand for new public spaces along until now is a new vision for the east way, namely the hope that political consent, because this is a really new chains. vLuckily they were stopped by a little old man who lives on the coast, namely as an ‘Art district’ decision-making processes and par- approach for politicians, but this is a first floor and who knows there. In order to stop them he said that on where ideas can take shape, in ticipation can find a common path, different story! the top floor, at the party, were a M.P. (Member of Parliament) and a ph. Danilo Capasso, the dismissed Corradini factory in S. Giovanni a Teduccio a dysfunctional factory on the bridging the conventional gap. In or- member of city council and that moving against that sort of people was other side of the railway line. der to obtain this result, hard work Francesco Ceci, social scientist and This place works as a new was necessary, mediating between journalist, is head of Naples Council hazardous. chance for social and eco- the local community, the planning Urban Center On the 19th of January over a thousand people paraded along Pianura to nomic progress, mainly for team and politicians (work carried Gilda Berrutti, architect and PhD, is show their dissent towards the reopening of the Contrada Pisani Dump. the new generation, but po- out by the ‘Casa della Città’, a spe- researcher and consultant in Urban The demonstration starts from San Giorgio Square and ends at the Mon- tentially also as a large public cial unit of the Department of Urban Planning in Naples teoliveto traffic isle, where a white sheet with all the names of those space, with urban facilities, planning). This mediation has been connecting with the main a messy process, causing anger and killed by malignant tumors or blood related illnesses throughout the street of the neighborhood disappointment, since winning trust ph. Giovanni Ferrarelli, oil pipelines and houses years is put up. It is a wall of memories so as not to forget how much the and with the waterfront. The is a tricky question, and since the neighborhood has already sacrificed to severe environmental pollution. idea which comes to mind patience to wait is one of the chal- Contrada Pisani’s dump has in fact been active for over 45 years taking is that of an ‘out-reaching’ lenges to be faced. We found out that in rubbish from the whole of region Campania. Meanwhile shop owners space, with a lively and pro- the first answer is not necessarily the ductive environment, but also right one, there are more solutions and salesman from Vomero district start a class action for the protec- a hostel for foreigners com- than those devised at the beginning, tion of their associates (over 1600 local members) and citizens ‘against ing to Naples. In other words, and outcomes are often delayed but the obviously pitiful degraded state the city is in’. The alleged charges the dream is to create a place not transient. Planners have to play formulates and deposited at the general attorney’s office, range from the with its roots in Naples and an atypical role, using their tool-case subtraction of public funds, theft, abusive acts in public office, down to // > >> 12#ideas In a territory with a new dignified ably the worst managed financial aid of little branches of the countryside structure and enriched by the so- plan in Italian history. Although the which still provides the territory with Reprogramming Suburbs called mixité, dwelling quality also area affected by the earthquake was its connective tissue, demonstrating a depends on a new civil Magnifi- in Irpinia, the eastern part of the re- level of strength and power that would cence. Once again, Naples makes an gion, the aid plan covered an area that be hard to find in any other element of the Outskirts as Center exemplary case. Here the Bourbon in time grew bigger and bigger, like a the landscape. Matteo Belfiore dynasty, especially in the 18th cen- soap bubble constantly on the point If we see the area as a self-determined Spontaneous auto-reorganization tury, left numerous examples of civil of bursting. Eventually it came to in- city, we can view these pieces of na- Matteo Belfiore suggests that suburbs architecture worth of this name. The clude the whole of the Naples metro- ture as a sort of self-determined ur- Sila Barracco + Mauro Smith can learn from the center. In Naples the constraints imposed on this part of politan area, which was how the area’s ban park, a unique system resisting the city because of its design can new road system, which had been on the changes to which the territory is For reprogramming suburbia Mauro lected in bundles, spread on the land- ancient layout of the city could offer in- spiration for qualitative uplifting of the be overcome in the suburbs, with the drawing board for years but had subjected, deeply and sometimes dra- Smith and Sila Barracco won’t rely on scape. Their capacity exceeds what post-industrial areas. contemporary architecture playing been blocked by lack of funds, finally matically. Any regeneration of the area large-scale reconversion. Instead they the connected parts of the city need. a central role. Maurice Nio writes managed to be to be realised. 20,000 will have to start with the preservation propose a tactics of ‘micro-systems’. The allowed speed of information, of Why is it that, unlike the suburbs, the about his approach to suburban new houses were built in the north- goods, of travelers is too high; their city center shines its own light and areas: ‘I find it challenging to work ern metropolitan area, together with ph. Saverio Pesapane, the area between Naples and Caserta Re-conversion does not adapt well route is absolutely out of context. attracts interests and investment? with these kind of spaces, because a complex system of roads linking to times of great urban symbols. The This is the first layer of the network Maybe this is because of its capac- they are just nothing – they are cul- them with the city. At that time the typical discontinuity of the outskirts, that has to be rehabilitated, rede- ity to always re-invent itself without turally dead, and without a soul. But area between Naples and Caserta compared to the density of the cen- signed and reduced in a network of losing its peculiarities, something at the same time they offer countless had already mutated from a typical tre, has to be considered a reserve, a connections which slows down speeds the suburbs can’t do because they opportunities in terms of feedbacks rural area into an extensive urban and experiences. Marginal areas sprawl, not dissimilar from those last chance for a territory that always to resettle weakened social relations. usually look more or less the same in every part of the world. To achieve then are very good places for archi- found in other parts of the world. It consumes too fast all its capacities of The strategy of intervention is based their regeneration, suburbs must tectural experimentations connected was a wild city, a totality of dozens regeneration. on this paradox: a dynamic regenera- learn from centers and imitate their with contemporary languages, for of municipalities growing without Re-programming the outskirts tion program – environmentally re- characteristics in terms of structure, new forms of sociality, for art. In any kind of control. Many of them means recognizing the remaining versible and sustainable – for entire namely mixité and civil Magnifi- countries like Holland, the Mag- then lacked - and still lack today - capacity of that living tissue that parts of discontinuous city, interweav- cence. In a founded city like Naples nificence is expressed through qual- any kind of urban planning; it was a survived at the centrality of the fac- ing reduction of mechanical technolo- the center is made up by a long- ity works scattered throughout the place that had no need of architects tory and its logics of production, gies on the ground with an accelera- lasting housing consistency, which territory without any geographical to design, to build, to come into be- open to new choices that have to be tion of human relations. is the result of the rigorous metrics discrimination. Everyone can demo- ing; a kind of self-organising system and renovation of the countryside, of reversible, pliable and diffused. But Foot and bicycle paths as well as tram- and geometry of the ancient design. cratically benefit from the economic stronger than any rules or attempt to what can be thought of as the area’s and social wealth produced by it. control. third city, the only city capable of our architecture does not consider ways, marked out on green or con- The architecture of the city under- went many changes since the ancient Thus, to achieve dignity suburbs One of the main issues in the recon- reconnecting this fragmented land- the possibility of experimenting new crete surfaces, draw a light geometric times, but the survival of the layout need to be considered as an inde- struction of the area after the earth- scape. These pieces of countryside ways of analyzing the complex struc- pattern of a fabric that colors without and of the relation between full and pendent organ, a center, just like the quake was the creation of an enor- provide the raw material on which we ture of suburbia. It considers only its covering the whole area, without hid- empty spaces is still recognizable in historical and consolidated center, mous road system to connect the city will have to work if we are to propose own historical origins, not yet ready ing it, that sets free still unspoilt areas, the city preserving its genius loci. no longer as an appendix to or a of Naples to its suburbs and to the new a new future for the area. to deal with micro-systems of indus- that regenerates areas deprived of veg- The revitalization of post-industrial mere outgrowth of a ‘main’ center. ‘shelter houses’ built to house evacu- trial production, enclosed within etation, that emphasizes their own dis- areas can take its cue from the re- ees. The road system was built in coun- Saverio Pesapane is architect in Na- their own walls, connected to a weak continuous character, that reactivates discovery of the ancient layout and Matteo Belfiore (1979) is architect try which by nature rejected any kind ples and researcher in the rest of the network without a plan, ready to be connections between separated parts. adapt it to the contemporary usage. and PH.D researcher. He is partner of intrusion. After almost thirty years world. www.studio-mobile.org continuously changed by economic What is considered today as a limit, The marks left in the course of time of Zoone Studio (Naples) of adaptation this road system became the most important generative core success or by crisis in the market due is instead a possibility of conjunction by water, wind and human action can be traced to design new cent- for urban and suburban mutations. to unpredictable geographic events. on which new urban molecules can be ers. As John and Nancy Todd wrote Two overlapping cities lie together environmental pollution and unintentional spreading of epidemics. The collapse of the principle of per- arranged one next to the other, as if in one of Italy’s most troubled areas // about bioshelters in the post-mod- Again on the 19th, the first of 11 preliminary sessions scheduled to manent function causes the death of according to a natural law, but with a ern ecologist period ‘the living world Emergence and their cohabitation has not been the relationship between plan and possibility of re-programming always is the matrix of every project’. With Saverio Pesapane peaceful. A city of roads, commercial decide on the prosecution of Antonio Bassolino ad other 27 accused function. Programmatic fluctua- new, different functions. the right structure, suburbs can be- malls, manufacturing plant and in- started by the general attorney’s Naples office as part of the inquiry on tion, determined by the market to To concentration we prefer diffusion. come places where contemporary In philosophy, systems theory and the frastructure, and a city of unauthor- the rubbish scandal began in the Poggioreale bunker courtroom. The ac- the scale of entire urban sections, The programmatic shape of the new cities fulfill the needs that saturated sciences, emergence refers to the way ised building, self-imposed rules, and cused are being charged of swindling the state and of fraud in supplying complex systems and patterns arise urban sprawl are forced to share the undermines the very roots of con- cityscape looks critically, but not in- and consolidated centers cannot sat- public administration. temporary architecture and urban differently at the history of the place isfy. The bigness of the French linear out of a multiplicity of relatively sim- same space. The second city, with its ple interactions. Emergence is central extreme liveliness, is constantly trying The 21st of January De Gennaro – the super commissioner – presents policies as well. The suburbs are the in evolution. Evolution without shame parks or of the Archigram macro- organisms – which are no longer an to the theory of complex systems. to steal space from the first: semi-legal his plan: nearly all the former dumps are to be re-opened: Villaricca, boundaries that ask for a new way of and remorse that compares different utopia – could be the right solution (Wikipedia.org) activities sprout around interchanges, Difesa Grande, Montesarchio, Pianura should take in twenty-thousand imagining lines of demarcation be- combinations of always changing ac- for suburban areas in order to ‘[…] the cities’ present-day gates, the points eco-bales. tween urban and rural district, be- tivities, in an attempt to reveal the On 23 November 1980 one of the where they come into physical con- reconstruct the Whole, resurrect the I wander around the historical centre: I stagger up the slope of via S. tween compression and decompres- complexity of urban sites which, in- Real, re-invent the collective’ (Rem biggest earthquakes in modern Ital- tact, the sites where the two different sion, between historical and modern credibly venough, are similar to the Koolhaas).The mixité, the function- ian history destroyed a number of worlds collide. The shelter districts, Sebastiano, circumnavigate Bellini square, plummet down again post San times, between nature and industry, weakness of human nature. al and social coexistence that guar- villages in Campania, causing one located in the centre of the two cities Severo Chapel, then somehow I take a wrong step and fall deep down. It between emergency and normality. antees the vitality of urban centers, of the biggest disasters since the but belonging to neither of them, have is a well known fact that Naples is empty, underneath. A slight mistake in And it is normality that periphery Mauro Smith is an award winning ar- should replace zoning, the method war. 2,735 people died, 8,850 were developed into slums, abandoned by going down some stairs and I find myself underground, where the air is claims! Normalizing the suburban chitect and musician. used in the planning of marginal injured. The call for help evoked a the world outside. Few places can huge response from all round the better demonstrate the friction gener- cool and clean: I seat down on the ground, between skulls and amphorae, border makes us realize our inability Sila Barracco is an architect and re- areas. No urban planner would ever dream of zoning as an instrument world, and it was clear that the ated by the collision of two different while all around me I hear the booming of rock music coming from some to understand, at a glance, the com- searcher, who recently transformed a for planning a city center, which is situation called for extraordinary approaches forced to cohabit. As one basement, and I think ‘might as well stay there’. plexity of the relationships that are cowshed into a Museum of Emigra- by nature an integrated system and measures to be taken by the gov- drives through the area, which lacks On the 22nd the Tobacco Processing Plant of Gianturco – chosen by De part of this landscape. tion and the farmhouse into a resi- has several functions. Yet, most ur- ernment. So, after a few months any kind of public transport, one’s Gennaro as temporary deposit for the Naples rubbish – is occupied by Connections, relationships, perme- dence for tourists. law number 219/81 brought into perception of the landscape of roads ban planners do apply zoning to the demonstrators. ability and sustainability are the planning of suburbs. The evidence of operation the biggest and prob- and houses is interrupted by a myriad themes of strongly programmatic this is the failure of one of the most The occupation is carried out by the districts inhabitants and political ac- ph. Danilo Capasso, “vele” buildings in Scampia projects that can transform enclosed controversial cases of residential tivists who try to turn the place in a base for differentiated gathering and areas and interstitial spaces in open, buildings in post-war Naples – the disposal of rubbish (separating plastic, paper, metal materials from com- not separated places that can devel- so-called Vele, designed by Franz di mon garbage not). Various sacks containing asbestos are found within op in parts of the metropolis, with a Salvo. He treated the periphery as the structure. an undifferentiated receptacle to be dignified self-consciousness. filled, with as result the development If something of the old structure is of a social ghetto. A positive example Diary from a scarred city (4) to be kept, it is the main connection to imitate for Naples, which I like to system, terminating in enclosures present here, comes from Japanese 24th – 31 th January: gold of Naples and factory buildings. We may say cities: every building boasts a com- On the 25th of January, while Bassolino manages to escape the centre- that some outskirts are very rich in plex social stratification that makes infrastructures. Suburban connec- the urban fabrics of the center simi- right wing coalition’s no-confidence motion with astounding aplomb, a tions are, like wiring and pipes col- lar to those of the suburbs. new simple videogame – based on intuition – makes its first appearance.

pag 00// > Image Barracco+Smith >> //As in graphics it resembles the first videogames from the eighties. Its 14#ideas background is a golden frame, enclosing the picturesque bay of Naples, The exposition activity we carry out at are crumbling general welfare is being titude, feed society on the sap of a Demarcating the periphery precisely Vesuvius included. Goal of the game is to destroy as many rubbish bags Supportico Lopez as independent cu- parted into small drops of individual plurality of experiences with a feel- and unmistakably is an operation of as possible. The rubbish bags are thrown in at the same time by both the Supportico rators, is our professional statement. wealth which fail to pull again into a ing of being in trenches as curators Suburbia some delicacy, because of the need major of Naples and the governor of Region Campania who protrude We have given ourselves a valve to let collective wealth. we experimented different forms of to avoid parts properly belonging to smilingly from each side of the frame. Every bag you hit is worth one out our creative steam, to have the Isolation of the individual creates a social aggregation. Central the city being erroneously included point. Every now and again the former Minister for Environment Pec- Lopez: chance of a totally free form of work gap between what the world should Our collaboration with Madre mu- in the suburbs. Moreover, there will and expression. Supportico is a place be and what it actually is because man seum in Naples – the managing of Aldo Rianna oraro Scanio – here intimately renamed pecora (Italian for ‘sheep’) – ap- a curatorial emergency undoubtedly be many attempts to to be discovered, one you have to look is not intended to be alone, mankind the project room, a separate space pears along the lower point of the frame and launches a trash bomb. If ‘Suburbia’ and ‘periphery’ are indica- Gigiotto del Vecchio+Sefania Palumbo for, not of immediate access, not so wouldn’t exist without at least two from the rest of the building, a real interfere, requiring the designer to you get hit by a trash bomb you lose five points. If you manage to destroy tions of a ‘non place’ outside the city close to the road, almost secluded, but people together. Even if in such pre- shelter, a tree – house - has given us turn down offers of ‘assistance’. Af- Mr. Pecora (it takes five shots), then you gain five points. that can be used and occupied at will ter all, setting lines of demarcation Recently a friend told us – in an- the spirit that gives life to it is one of carious times our survival instincts the chance to share the experience 26th of January, 48 burial niches are assigned through a lottery, at Marano swering to our question whether an open free space, for sharing. call for a form of a social selfishness of a multiple level communication in just because of that. In the approach means including a building, and the Beirut, the city he lives in is a dan- Its logistics make it a place hazard- and safeguard of one’s own interests, a public and institutional dimension. of Aldo Rianna the periphery becomes people who live in it, in a specific Province of Naples in an attempt to shun any suspicion of favoritism. All gerous place – that Scampia, district ous to interpret, and could really turn it is in living together and in multitude Thus we have re-invented our activi- as important and as present as the city area (or excluding them from that participants have been selected by taking account of the chronological on the outskirts of Naples, is cer- Supportico into a shelter, an enclosed rather than progress that development ty as contemporary art curators link- centre by converting it into a special area) and this will have consequenc- order of requests presented in the past. tainly much more dangerous. The space defined, isolated, with few peo- should be sought. The concept of mul- ing it to an idea of social involvement zone. es.The operational phase includes I sail along, stumble, fly over the Rettifilo (Corso Umberto I), skip the situation we live in confirms it-self ple aware of the problems it tries to titude – the way of being of the many and communication. We feel this the construction of an impassable Central Station, head towards the eastern part of Naples. I stop in via once more to be one of constant tackle. – theorised by the philosopher Paolo chance is today our most precious Urban centres – more commonly curtain wall, with fine turrets, prop- Galileo Ferraris, in front of the ex Pirelli factory. The entrance of the emergency and alarm. Working and What was clear right from the begin- Virno (a grammar of the multitude for possession and we shall continue to ‘cities’ – do not occupy the whole erly located and manned, together struggle so that our future experi- building with five doors closed by five heavy metal structures is covered living in a city that feeds upon the ning of this experience was that our an analyses of contemporary forms of of the territory in which they are lo- unequivocally demarcating the sub- very same emergencies that squash it skills and activities as curators were lives, 2002) is our standpoint for the ences may always stay collective and by a cement roof much in use in the fifties and sixties architecture. Be- cated, but comprise urban territory. Money and effort is difficult, can be discouraging and not going to be restricted like in a comprehension of many aspects of partaking of the multitude. a) the city, i.e. that part of the ter- could be saved by using construc- cause of this roof, from the road, the entrance looks like a vast shaded its clear that to resist and not leave, cell, but were going to open up to the contemporary social behaviour. What cavity, sheltered from rain and wind. This is why some tramps have cho- you must get organized, with no fear city without any compromise. The should especially guide many of the Stefania Palumbo (1978) & Gigiotto ritory more exposed to people’s tion material already available on of exposing yourself, opening up to precarious social conditions of our social, cultural and political choices Del Vecchio (1971) live and work in judgment, where its services and site. This simple intervention could sen it as their own shelter for the night. others and to the city. Challenge the country seem greatly amplified in our of our present times is the concept of Naples. They are art curators and infrastructure are apparent to the heal the decay of the city that mat- Some graffiti painters have put their signatures on the rolling shutters city. And this is where the history of city, making necessary the creation “Multitude” rather than the concept critics. www.supporticolopez.com stranger’s eye ters, and would offer the advantage – the silvery writings, half erased, contribute to the sombre, holy atmos- Supportico Lopez starts from. Lo- of many small cultural, social, pro- of “a people”. “Multitude b) the municipal territory, i.e. all the that there would always be some- phere of a metropolitan crypt. cated in the dark heart of Naples, fessional entities, thus putting at risk has a plurality persisting as rest. where to dump excess effluent. The Today I pass by to see two collages added on recently by Neapolitan Supportico Lopez – named after the widespread development and collec- such on the public scene The part of the territory that we are periphery, in turn, would have a well- artist Marco Zezza: an old man’s face and a naked girl’s silhouette. This road it is in – is a cultural association tive growth. This conception of a shel- – in collective actions – in concerned with here is ‘all the rest’. defined identity and purpose, a clear installation in progress is called Monument to the fallen of Modern times. in constant relation with a multi – ter in a place like Naples can be dan- the taking care of collective It is anonymous, generally unknown, expansion and filling; it would refind faceted reality made – up of episodes gerous and should be eradicated. This activities – without being remote, and only referred to on rare its own vocation and would certainly The effect is quite impressive. To me the girl is nature, beauty’s birth. The of violence, destruction, danger- idea of a shelter as a place in which to reduced to One, without and ambiguous occasions and un- be mentioned less frequently than it old man’s splintered face is gloom, greed, wicked. ously, far from any civil or cultural isolate one’s self from the world and dissolving in a centripetal der the generic title of ‘suburb’. Not is today. Unlimited but selective ac- But who knows if I’m even getting close to it… form of interaction. In extending the create a private dimension as a strong dynamic”. Thus from this concept of shelter to housing dimen- attraction and has become the lifestyle basic standpoint the con- only is it a geographical anomaly but cess would make it safe, a shelter for Somebody bought it in the end. The 27th January we finally admire the sion, we decided to give room to get of many who try to defend themselves cept of “shelter” can be there is also a discrepancy in its offi- outcast citizens, retirees, temporary Venus of Rubbish, piece of work by the two artists Alessandro Monticelli another emergency – the lack of an from things happening all around interpreted as a research cial denomination as ‘urban periph- workers, young unemployed waiting and Claudio Pagone, who made it with genuine Neapolitan rubbish pur- open space for art – by hosting it in them against their own will. Thus laboratory of single people ery’, a part which has no status and for a job etc., a place for such people chased through an E-bay auction. one of the rooms of our own house. forms of participation within society whom, gathered in a mul- is therefore exposed to questionable to stay at an affordable and regulated These two artists have bought 300 kilos of it and have turned this het- decisions. Indeed, if a territory is to price. As a refuge from the dangers erogeneous matter into the Venus of Rubbish, a name recalling the more be upgraded, it must first recover its of the sprawling city it would once celebrated Venus of Rags, exhibited at Madre Museum. This sculpture has ph. Roberto Conturso, Supportico Lopez dignity, otherwise it will remain easy and for all offer a solution to the used for different purposes (advertis- consisted in commission- prey. Because ‘all the rest’ forms an problem of security. Another notable a strong olfactory significance, as Neapolitans can very well understand Writing ing billboards, road signs, telephone ing to 8 Italian graffiti writ- integral part of the city - and brilliant idea would be to build – possibly better than any other people: the first hundred visitors shall boxes, electrical booths, shutters) ers original graphic works <>. happy islands interconnected by Eastern areas of Naples, in a restaurant by the sea. After lunch, we stay Graffiti writing was developed in the weapon of resistance and an affirma- W3 format, with which From this one can understand how securely watched underground tun- on the beach for a while, chatting about this and that, looking at Naples late 1960’s by ethnic minorities in tion of their identity. Evoluzioni tested the po- simple the necessary intervention nels (which incidentally could also from an unusual perspective. the suburbs of New York. Any Times Writing landed in Naples – just like tentials of Writing in unu- could be, and what the order of pri- serve as shelters in the event of air We both love this city and can’t bear watching it sink down so low. But Square picture of that period shows in the rest of Europe after all – in the sual urban contexts, such ority should be. strikes). A prerequisite would be that sitting down like this, two old friends watching the calm sea, fishermen’s buildings almost entirely covered mid-1980’s. It developed mainly in as historic places (Italian ph. Salvatore Velotti, graffiti walls in eastern Naples the periphery would need to become boats neatly kept on the beach, the sun high up in the sky, it almost seems with lighting billboards. We can im- the suburbs, and was recently the sub- squares) and natural places autonomous, no longer depending as if it’s just a bad dream and the situation is not so dramatic after all. agine that the pioneers of the Writ- ject of debates and experiments aimed (public parks or gardens of on the city. This could be achieved ing art were fascinated by these elec- at assessing its potentials within ur- 18th-century villas). For a few minutes we even plan a great renaissance, an expedition to by providing large common areas for conquer the sky. Then, when the stench from the sewers gets too strong, tronic writings and at the same time, ban contexts. These experimentations W3 consists in parallelepipeds paint- meetings, and systems for waste dis- they were looking for their fifteen were promoted by Evoluzioni group, ed with lively colours, which provide a posal and incineration. we extinguish our cigarettes under the soles of our shoes, put the butt minutes of fame, so they began to re- which have been dealing with graffiti- surface for the writers’ works. Halfway The result would be a new architec- ends back in our pockets and go back to the car. peatedly write their street names in writing for ten years. One of them is between installation and performance, ture, based on our most authentic an obsessive manner and in as many called “Circumwriting” and was car- it caused a shock to passers-by, for the traditions and artistic heritage, tes- P.S.: Well after this one would say: ‘these Neapolitans protesting because places as possible. ried out between 2003 and 2004 in rapidity of mounting, executing and timony to the recovery of its natural they don’t want the reopening of former dumps are a pain in the ass, Writing, then, is strictly connected partnership with the Councillorship dismantling operations (the whole vocation. people who just don’t care about solving the problem.’ Maybe that’s the with the contemporary city and with for Transport of Regione Campania thing lasted 24 hours). The purpose the (new) identity of the writers; it and the Circumvesuviana rail trans- is to stress the boundaries of graffiti way it is, even I think so by now. If not that the 18th of February Gianni is one more layer that makes up the port company. About 150 graffiti writing, eluding purisms and empha- De Gennaro – shattering all my confidence and certainties – says ‘I’m Aldo Rianna, born in the middle of sorry, I was wrong, those dumps designated in the plan couldn’t be reo- city, and it can be a key to under- writers were involved in the project, sizing the urban dimension. World War II is an artist, screen de- standing modern society. upgrading 10 stations (over 1 km of signer, architect. He still works and pened due to environmental impact and hazardous risk (dioxin leakage, Writers are always the creators of linear walls) of the Naples-Sorrento Luca Borriello, is PHD researcher in dedicates himself to studies that have underlying illegal dumps, strong risks of landslides or collapses). The citi- their own piece of art, which most of line with their chromatic art. For the Cultural Heritage and founder of In- been with him for the last 50 years. zens who were protesting were right.’ the times consists in the repetition of first time in Italy public administra- ward think thank (www.inward.it) Pieferdinando Casini, leader of UDC (Union of Christian democrats) and an alias. Deleting or overwriting one tions, railway companies and graffiti Salvatore POPE Velotti, architecture running for prime-minister remarks: ’he is a true gentleman!’ of these aliases means deleting or writers interacted to achieve a com- student and writer since 1992, spent overwriting an identity, which is con- mon goal. half of his life in graffiti designing in sidered as an affront to the authors’ Another experiment was carried out various Italian cities. Riccardo Brun (1974) lives and work in Naples and Rome. He is a free- existence. Stations, trains, long sub- in 2005, once again in conjunction lance journalist, writer and screen writer. urban walls, as well as urban objects with Circumvesuviana. The project end // pag 00

drawing by Aldo Rianna ph. Antonio Niego, Courtesy N.EST

#6 The motorways with their speed emphasize that Vesuvius quit smoking in public, but vulcanologists cannot tell where and when a new Pompei of the 2000s could happen.

Antonio Niego flying over Eastern Naples 1975