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Remote Areas Development Manual: Appropriate Peace Corps

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Remote Areas Development Manual: Appropriate Peace Corps DOCUMENT RESUME ED 242 881 CE 038 625 TITLE Remote_Areas Development Manual: Appropriate Technologies for Development. Reprint No. R-36. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington, DC. InformationCollection and Exchange Div. PUB DATE Sep 81 NOTE 585p.; Compiled by Community DevelopmentCounselling Services, Inc. Parts of this document may not reproduce well due to light type. PUB TYPE Guides;- Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF03/PC24 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Agricultural Education; Agricultural_Engineering; Agricu]tural Machinery; *Agricultural Production; *Agricultural Skills; Agricultural Supplies; Agriculture; Agronomy; Animal Husbandry; Community Development; Demonstration Programs; Developing Nations; Economically Disadvantaged; Economic Development; Educationally Disadvantaged; Equipment; Fertilizers; Field Cropsl Grains (Food); Hand Tools; Harvesting; Herbicides; Horticulture; Land Use; Livestock; Pesticides; Plant Growth; Postsecondary Education; Practical Arts; *Program Development; *Program Implementation; *Rural Development;*Rural Extension; Soil Conservation; Soil Science; Vocational Education; Weeds ABSTRACT This manual, developed for use by Peace corp t volunteers, attempts to help development counselors tounderstand the needs_ of remote-area groups and to providefor those needs through effective self-help projects. The projects covered arethose that can Solve most effectively, on the village level,the_most pressing problems. The manual is written in as nontechnicallanguage as possible and provides background_information andstep-by-step directions for many projects, illustrated withline drawings. Topics covered by the manual are agronomy,horticulture, entomology, animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, agriculture,home industries, self-help engineering (making tools andequipment), and measurements and conversations. In addition, a backgroundinformation section is provided for the counselor, dealing with culturalanthropology, sociology, education, and the effects of climate onplant and animal growth. (KC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that canbe made from the original document. *********************************************************************** INPORMATICN COLLECTION & EXCHANGE Peace_Cerps' Information Collection & Exchange_ (ICE) was established so that the strategies and technologies devel- oped by Peace Corps Volunteers, their co-workers, and their counterparts could be made available to the wide range of development organizations and individual workers who might_ find them useful. Training guides, curricula, lesson plans, project reports, manuals and other Peace Corps-generated materials developed in the field are collected and reviewed; Some are reprinted "as is"; others provide a source of field based infoLution for the production of manuals or for re- search in particular program areas; Materials (that you sub- mit to the Information Collection & Exchange thus become part of the Peace Corps' larger contribution to development. Information about ICE publications and services is available through: Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Office of Programing & Training COOrdination 806 Connecticut Avenuei N.W. Washington, D.C. 20525 ( 202) 254-7386 Acid your experience to the ICE }source Center: Send ma- terials that you've prepared so that we can share them with_ others_ working in the development field. Your tech- nical insights serve as the basis for the generation of ICE manuals, reprints and resource rackets; and also ensure that ICE is providing the mostupdated; innovative problem-solving techniques and infoLnation available to you and your fellow developmentworkers. Pe2ce Corps REMOTE AREAS DEVELOPMENT MANUAL Compiled by Community Development CounseIlin9 Service( Inc. 1964 Reprinted by,Peace Corps OVS/Technical Resources Division January, 1969 Reprinted by_Peace Corps OPTC/Information Collection and Exchange January, 1980 September, 1981 CONTENTS FOREWORD 3 ACKNOWLE0C,` tE.;T ANALYSIS (3UESTIONS FOR THE FIELDCOUNSELOR BACKGROUND Cultural Anthropolojv 6 Sociolov 11 IS Education 19 Climate Climate and _Livestock Production 24 Lffocta of Climatic Factors onGrowing Planta 26 RONO,TY Soils and their Flora and Fauna 56 Providing the Food 39 Soil Classification and Survey 40 Si How to. Determine Nutrient3ecdt pH; Soil Acidity; and Plant Growth 54 58 Aaintaining Organic latter 59 Composting_ COMOOtta; Peat, and Sewage Sludge 64 hater and FarMing 77 77 Watersheds ,) 77 Surface Irrigation _ _ _ Preparing Land for EfficientIrrigation 91 Wells and PUMps for Irrigated Lands 92 94 Soil AOisture in Relation toPlint Growth _ When-to Irrigate_and How 'inch Water toApply 96 102 ,0- The Irrigation and Cultureof_Rito Growin- 100-Bushel Corn withIttigatiOn 111 112 Drvland Farming Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture 125 130 HORTICULTURE 130 Fruits 131 Vegetahlea 131 Propagation_of Plants 132 Pest Control 132 Harvesting and Storing Uwe Gardens and Lawns 133 148 Compost Materials chtrt 152 pH Ranges_Chart Lime Application Chart 153 SulfUt_Application Chart 155 rettility Requirements Chart 159 NUttienta Nddition Chart 161 CONTENTS TC1,10LOCY Insect (Iroups 169 Eradication of Ccmmon Crcl, Pests 171 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Beef Cattle 180 lilk (*mats 199 Swine 231 Poultry ,258 Forage from Improved Pasture 268 VETERINARY .4EDICINE Immunological Products 279 Disinfecting Agents 283 Approximate Measures 285 Use and Care of Syringes 285 Injection Diagrams 286 Intravenous Injection in Cattle 287 Intraperitoneal Injection in Cattle 292 Intraperitoneal Injection in Sheep 295 Intraperitoneal Injection in Swine 295 Intramuscular Injection 298 Subcutaneous Injection. 300 Other Methods of Administering Drugs 301 Body Temperature 301 Cattle Diseases 302 Swine Diseases 309 Sheep Diseases 314 horse and Mule Diseases 316 Dog Diseases 319 Poultry Diseases 321 AQUICULTURE Construction of Ponds 328 Carp 331 ICE INDUSTRIES Hand Forging 338 Soap 355 Candles 360 Ceramics 361 Charcoal 365 Tanning 368 Hand Loom Weaving 391 Dyeing Wool 408 Dyeing Silk 410 Dyeing Cotton, 412 Sun Drying Fruits and Vegetables 417 Condensed Directions 436 iv 6 CONTENTS SELF HELP ENCINEERINC Hand Grinder 438 Seed Cleaning Sieves 443 Bucket_Sprayer 444 Crain Cleaner 446 Poultry House 447 Drag Grader 449 Chicken Brooder 450 Earth borer 451 Agricultural Implement Photographs 452 4ell Drilling Augr,7. 468 Auger Cleaner '472 Demountable Reamer 474 Rock Drill Bit 476 Well Drilling_Triped and Pulley 478 Bailing Bucket 480 Well Casing and Platforms 482 Tubewell with Casing Pipe 486 Tubewell Boring 488 Tubewell Sand Bailer 493 Inertia Hand Pump forArrigation 494 Handle 9echanism for Hand Pumps 498. Sealed Dug Well 501 Boiler for Potable Water 504 Chlorination for Polluted Water 507 Hand Washing lachine 508 Silk Screen Printing 509 Bamboo or Reed Writinl Pens 511 Evaporative Feed Cooler 512 Charcoal Oven 514 Fireless Cooker Sib Solar Water heater - 518 Hand-Operated washing lachine 520 Latrine for Village use r_525 Introduction to Concrete Construction 530 hand lixing Concrete 532 Concrete Slump_Cone 534 Quick Setting_CeMent_ 536 Aided Self -help Housing 537 Earth Block PreSs 541 lliASUREIENTS AND CONVERSIONS 582 This manual is a sample of CDCS services available to any- one on a contract basis; Remote areas development; as treated herein, consists of projects implemented to motivate people to help themselves in the improvement of their living standards, local economies, and the national economies of the countries. in which they live. Self-help projects are the vital part of remote areas development but few persons have had experience with such pro- jects. A searchfor what to do and how to do it usually is fruitless since most of the available information is too tech- nically advanced to be immediately applicable to villagers. This man,-al attempts to correct that situation by enabling the development counselor to understand the needs of _a remote area group and to provide for those needs through effective self help projects. The projects_ covered are those which can solve most effect- ively, on the village level, the most pressing problems. For example, if a village's agriculture is handicapped by a lack of tools, the manual can help the counselor to teach selected villagers to make and use a hand forge to provide the tools for production of ample food. The manual is generally applicable, for reference and gui- dance, to any remote area group. However, since problems differ with areas, the counselor will have to adapt projects to what he finds in a specific area. A key to remote areas development is the selection and training of bright villagers who can teach their own people. If the number of such persons is limited, small extension teams can be formed to instruct in health, education, and economic development. Most of the undeveloped populations of the world subsist by growing food crops and animals. In suggesting changes one must understand soil conditions, availability of water and nutrients, climate, weather, diseases, and all of the other factors that determine an area's potential for improvement. Many groups produce only enough food for subsistence, and an easy way to make such populations unfriendly is to experiment with new ideas at the expense of their food supplies. A begin- ner can keep his experiments small and explain that his trials may not succeed but, if successful, could add to the community's income or food supply. Make sure before you try any pro4ect that it does not violate
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