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Entomological Methods and Insect Diagnostics Training Manual

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Entomological Methods and Insect Diagnostics Training Manual Biodiversity Capacity Building in Papua New Guinea and Sustainable Development of its Primary Industries INSECT DIAGNOSTICS WORKSHOPS 2014 - 2016 PAPUA NEW GUINEA ENTOMOLOGY METHODS AND DIAGNOSTICS MANUAL Version 5 June 2016 Foreword – About This Manual This is the fifth version of the manual. Working versions of this manual were created for the four capacity building workshops in Lae, November 2014, Madang, June 2015, Keravat, November 2015 and Port Moresby, May 2016. The purpose of this manual is to provide workshop participants with a guide on how to collect, preserve, curate and identify insects in Papua New Guinea. This manual also includes information in each section on where to find further entomological resources, including materials from the primary taxonomic literature to websites, tablet and smartphone apps, blogs and books. It serves as a framework for the workshops as well as definitive information on insects that can be used after the workshop. The information is tailored to be relevant to Papua New Guinea. Authors This manual was prepared by Gerry Cassis, Chris Reid, Celia Symonds, Hannah Mathews, Anna Namyatova, Grahame Jackson, Serena Lam and Mike Burleigh. Acknowledgements All images are used with permission of the Copyright holder or under Creative Commons attribution. Unless otherwise stated in the text, photographs were taken by Serena Lam, Celia Symonds, Mike Burleigh and Hannah Mathews. Illustrations were produced by Hannah Mathews and Mike Burleigh. Insect collections were curated by Rossana Silveira. Project Website For more information about this project go to our website below. All the information in this manual has been made available at this site online. Full PDF copies of both this manual and the insect order key separately are available to download. http://unsw.discoverlife.org/png/ i Contacts University of New South Wales (UNSW) School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES) UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Professor Gerry Cassis – Entomologist, Project Leader Email. [email protected] Ph. +61 2 9385 3438 Mob. +61 418 163 188 National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Sir Alkan Tololo Research Centre PO Box 4415 LAE 411 Morobe Province Papua New Guinea Dr Sim Sar - Programme Director, Agriculture Systems Improvement, PNG Project Leader Email. [email protected] Ph. +675 478 4000 / 478 4001 Australian Museum 1 William Street, Sydney NSW 2010 Australia Dr Chris Reid – Research Scientist, Consultant Entomologist Email. [email protected] Ph. +61 2 9320 6344 PestNet www.pestnet.org Dr Grahame Jackson – Plant Pathology and Agricultural Pests Consultant Email. [email protected] Ph. + 61 2 9387 8030 Mob. +61 412 994 206 ii Foreword – About This Manual ....................................................................... i Authors ........................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ i Project Website .............................................................................................. i Contacts ......................................................................................................... ii University of New South Wales (UNSW) .............................................................................. ii Australian Museum .................................................................................................................... ii PestNet ............................................................................................................................................ ii Introduction ................................................................................................... 7 Project overview ......................................................................................................................... 7 Collecting Insects ........................................................................................... 8 Overview of major techniques................................................................................................ 8 Collection techniques for plant associated and flying insects .................................... 9 Method for collecting insects from host plants .............................................................. 12 Note taking in the field ............................................................................................................ 13 Labelling specimens in the field .......................................................................................... 14 Further references and resources for insect collecting .............................................. 15 Killing and Preserving Insects ....................................................................... 16 Killing insects ............................................................................................................................. 16 Wet preservation ...................................................................................................................... 18 Dry preservation ....................................................................................................................... 18 Insect pinning ............................................................................................................................. 19 Wing setting ................................................................................................................................ 21 Point mounting insects ........................................................................................................... 22 The pinning block ..................................................................................................................... 24 Temporary labelling of pinned specimens ...................................................................... 25 Drying pinned and mounted specimens ........................................................................... 25 Curating Insect Collections ........................................................................... 26 Labelling specimens ................................................................................................................. 26 Georeferencing resources to find latitude and longitude coordinates without a GPS .................................................................................................................................................. 29 Correct positioning of insect labels .................................................................................... 31 iii Organising specimens in a collection ................................................................................. 32 Storage of wet collections ...................................................................................................... 33 Specimen storage and collection management in tropical environments ........... 34 Further references and resources for insect preparation and curation ............... 34 Taxonomy Principles and Methods .............................................................. 36 Taxonomy .................................................................................................................................... 36 Classification ............................................................................................................................... 37 Systematics .................................................................................................................................. 38 Zoological nomenclature ........................................................................................................ 38 Classification of insects ........................................................................................................... 39 Insect morphology .................................................................................................................... 39 Insect life stages and development ..................................................................................... 51 How to identify an insect ........................................................................................................ 53 A Key for Larvae, Nymphs and Adults of Insects for Papua New Guinea ....... 54 Diagnostic Descriptions and Information on the Insect Orders of Papua New Guinea ......................................................................................................... 81 Order Archaeognatha .............................................................................................................. 83 Order Blattodea ......................................................................................................................... 85 Superfamily Termitoidea ....................................................................................................... 88 Order Coleoptera ....................................................................................................................... 91 Order Dermaptera .................................................................................................................... 96 Order Diptera ............................................................................................................................. 99 Order Embioptera .................................................................................................................. 103 Order Ephemeroptera .........................................................................................................
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