Todos X América | Trinidad Y Tobago

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Todos X América | Trinidad Y Tobago TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO Material en proceso de elaboración • Hacer click sobre cada categoría, • En cada página encontrará flechas para Documento subcategoría o título para ir a la avanzar o retroceder en el documento interactivo página correspondiente. y un botón para volver al Índice. NOMBRE 3 CREACIONES 54 • TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO 3 MÚSICA Y DANZA 54 • El irresistible encanto del bamboo-tamboo 54 TERRITORIO 5 • Mama África 55 • Población 5 • ¡A bailar limbo! 56 • Antillano, pero no tanto 6 • Competencia nacional 57 • Veranillo caribe 7 • Calipso. La música de la tierra 58 • Trinidad, la de los pájaros 8 • Calipso II. Al ritmo de la steel band 59 • Puerto España (Port of Spain) 9 • Calipso III. Melodía europea, rítmica africana 60 • Chozas y rascacielos 10 • Calipso IV. Música con historia 61 • Pequeña Tobago 11 • Calipso V. En el continente 62 • Por siempre petróleo (y también asfalto) 12 • Artistas en red 63 • Crecimiento sin derrame 13 • Novedades en El Patio de Alicia 64 • El barrio como galería de arte 65 INSTITUCIONES 14 • Arlen versus el consumismo 66 • Tipo de gobierno 14 • Moneda 15 LITERATURA Y POESÍA 67 • Hora oficial 16 • El jacobino negro 67 • Dominio de internet 16 • James y la justicia social 68 • Prefijo telefónico 16 • V. S. Naipaul, el Nobel triniteño 69 • Electricidad y voltaje utilizado 16 • Prolífico y controvertido 70 CINE Y TEATRO 71 SÍMBOLOS 17 • Industria en crecimiento 71 • Bandera 17 • Trinidad como locación 72 • Escudo 18 • Himno Nacional 19 DEPORTES 73 • En el video, versión del Himno por la soprano dramática Anne • Tradición olímpica 73 Fridal. 20 • Nutrido medallero 74 POLÍTICA 75 HISTORIA 21 • Elma Francois 75 • Una colonia pobre y olvidada 21 • Tubal Uriah “Buzz” Butler 76 • Llegan los franceses 22 • Eric Williams 77 • Nueva estructura social 23 • Black Power 78 • Tobago: un asunto diferente 24 • Black Power II 79 • Esclavitud a la inglesa 25 • Hacia una sociedad multiétnica 26 • Crisis y representatividad política 27 FUENTES 80 • La colonia se sacude 28 FUENTES BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 80 • Triste herencia 29 • Al fin, la independencia 30 FUENTES ELECTRÓNICAS 81 • Hegemonia del movimiento nacional 31 • Los días de Eric Williams 32 • Desempleo y crisis social 33 • Nueva etapa 34 • Kamla llega al poder 35 LENGUAS Y ETNIAS 36 • Universo multilingüe 36 • Por decisión de Carlos III 37 • Anglicanizados por ley 38 • Cercanas y diferentes 39 • Castellano, segunda lengua 40 • De la India a Trinidad 41 CREENCIAS 42 • La religión de opresor 42 • Llegan los orishas 43 • Credo de los “merikens” 44 • Altar sincrético: visible pero negado 45 • Dios tiene muchas caras 46 • Libertad religiosa garantizada 47 FIESTAS Y CONMEMORACIONES 48 • Febrero/marzo 48 • Febrero/marzo II 49 • 30 de mayo 50 • 19 de junio 51 • 31 de agosto 52 • Octubre/noviembre 53 TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO NOMBRE TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO Gentilicio Trinitense o trinitario-a El nombre Trinidad es resultado del paso –fugaz- de Cristóbal Colón por la isla durante su tercer viaje. El 31 de julio de 1498 el navegante recala en una de sus bahías y llama a lo que pisa y ve “Tierra de la Santísima Trinidad”. Una decisión coherente con los deseos evangelizadores de la monarquía española, de la que es representante. Pero hay algo más: la atención que le presta al hecho de bautizar cada uno de los territorios que se presentan a su paso habla de la importancia que le otorga a la función de “nominador”. Investir a estas tierras con nombres “justos” pide además de un profundo sentido religioso, un espíritu capaz de asumir la misión de propagar una cosmogonía. Colón se siente elegido para cumplirla. Por eso, si los originarios llaman al lugar “Kairi” o “Leré”, que puede traducirse como “Tierra de colibríes”, a los invasores nada les interesa el poético apelativo; saben que la dominación no sólo es cuestión de brutalidad. O que la brutalidad también Material en proceso 3 de elaboración TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO puede ejercerse de manera simbólica. Lo mismo hace el genovés con la segunda isla que compone este estado. Sin tomar en cuenta que sus habitantes la llaman Urapaina –por el caracol gigante que abunda en sus costas-, él decide que desde ese momento se la conozca por “Bella Forma”. Pero esta vez la decisión del almirante queda en el olvido. Al fin se le impone Tobago, otra manera de pronunciar “tabaco”, planta originaria que abunda en ella y que los europeos se ocuparán de difundir por todo el planeta. Trinidad, la mayor de las islas de Barlovento y la quinta de las Antillas por su superficie, es colonizada tardíamente por España. Sin embargo, jamás logra establecer un control efectivo. En febrero de 1797 cae en manos de los ingleses, que aceptan como herencia el nombre elegido por sus primeros conquistadores. Material en proceso 4 de elaboración TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO TERRITORIO Población 1.300.000 habitantes Material en proceso 5 de elaboración TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO TERRITORIO Antillano, pero no tanto Físicamente, es un archipiélago que cubre un área de 5.128 km2 entre el mar Caribe y el océano Atlántico. La mayor de sus islas, Trinidad, se encuentra a sólo 11 km de la costa noroeste de Venezuela, cerca de la frontera con Guyana, y a 130 km al sur de las Granadinas. Tobago (imagen) está a 30 km al noroeste de Trinidad. Además de las dos islas mayores existen otras cinco: Pequeño Tobago, Chacachacare, Monos, Gasparee y Huevos. Aunque se las ubica como parte de las Antillas Menores, geológicamente no pertenecen a dicho archipiélago antillano. Trinidad no sólo fue parte alguna vez de América del Sur, sino que está en su plataforma continental, mientras que Tobago se asoma a la superficie marítima caribeña como emergente de una cadena de montañas hundida en el mar y relacionada con el continente. Las islas son una prolongación de la formación orográfica venezolana al norte de la desembocadura del Orinoco. Material en proceso 6 de elaboración TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO TERRITORIO Veranillo caribe El país tiene dos estaciones climáticas principales: la seca, de enero a mayo, y la húmeda o lluviosa, de junio a diciembre. Durante esta época de mañanas soleadas y tardes con precipitaciones, el patrón puede ser interrumpido por días de sol brillante. El fenómeno es llamado por los trinitenses Petit Carême (Pequeña Cuaresma), similar al Indian Summer (o Veranillo de San Miguel, o de San Martín) de países del hemisferio norte con clima templado. Durante el período, que va desde los últimos días de verano hasta los primeros de otoño, la temperatura asciende por encima de los valores normales para retomarlos luego. El veranillo triniteño ocurre ente mediados de septiembre y mediados de octubre. La estación seca, en cambio, es mayormente soleada, con lluvias ligeras muy ocasionales. Este es la temporada ideal para el turismo, con una temperatura media de 28º C, no muy húmeda y con noches frescas. Por otro lado, Trinidad y Tobago está al sur de la zona de huracanes, por lo que rara vez los sufre de cerca. Material en proceso 7 de elaboración TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO TERRITORIO Trinidad, la de los pájaros Tiene 4.768 km², el 93% del área total del país. Está atravesada por tres distintos rangos de montañas, continuación de la cordillera costera venezolana. Hacia el norte hay una cadena que recorre la isla de este a oeste. Desde la capital (en el noroccidente) y hacia el sur se extienden los pantanos Caroni, magnífica reserva ornitológica donde se preservan el ibis escarlata (imagen), y cientos de especies más. En la costa septentrional y oriental hay hermosas playas, mientras que hacia el centro es una planicie apta para la agricultura. Sus rasgos más sobresalientes: las cataratas de Maracas al norte y el lago de Asfalto, al sur. Numerosos ríos acrecientan la belleza del paisaje, como el Ortoire, el Talparo y el Oropuche. La ausencia casi total de arrecifes de coral se explica por los sedimentos procedentes de la cuenca del Orinoco que facilitan la existencia de una exuberante flora y fauna, donde abundan los peces cuatro ojos, tamandúas, monos capuchinos y aulladores, inexistente en las otras Antillas. Material en proceso 8 de elaboración TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO TERRITORIO Puerto España (Port of Spain) Administrativamente, la isla de Trinidad consta de 14 regiones corporativas, 5 de ellas correspondientes a municipalidades, mientras que Tobago tiene un gobierno autónomo. En la costa noroeste de la primera se encuentra Puerto España, capital del país y una de las pocas ciudades antillanas con rascacielos. Aunque su población oficial es pequeña -49.000- con la gran concentración de edificios comerciales y gubernamentales, más el conurbano formado en el corredor Este-Oeste, alcanza los 600.000 habitantes. Este corredor se extiende por 24 km al este hasta Arima. Incluye pueblos como Barataría, San Juan, San José, Curepe, San Agustín, Tunapuna, Tacarigua, Arouca y Cinco Ríos, que antes eran comunidades diferenciadas pero que, actualmente, son distritos dentro de una zona urbana continua. Material en proceso 9 de elaboración TODOS X AMÉRICA | TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO TERRITORIO Chozas y rascacielos La capital es principalmente un centro administrativo y comercial, por donde sale la mayor parte de las exportaciones del país. Además, actúa como centro de servicios financieros y es la sede de dos de los más grandes bancos del Caribe. En el centro, se alza imponente el edificio más alto de Trinidad y Tobago: el Nicholas Tower, de 21 pisos. Su contracara son las miles de viviendas (literalmente chozas) que no tienen servicios esenciales, y que se abarrotan en Laventille (imagen) y por el corredor urbano que se extiende por el Eastern Main Road (la calle principal del Este), entre la autovía de Churchill-Roosevelt y las estribaciones de la Cordillera Nordestina.
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