Women in the Novels of Bapsi Sidhwa and Namita Gokhale: a Critical Study
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Etheses - A Saurashtra University Library Service Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93) Gida, Seema R., 2006, “Women in the Novels of Bapsi Sidhwa and Namit A Gokhale: A Critical Study”, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/830 Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Saurashtra University Theses Service http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu [email protected] © The Author WOMEN IN THE NOVELS OF BAPSI SIDHWA AND NAMITA GOKHALE: A CRITICAL STUDY A DISSERTATION TO BE SUBMITTED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH Superviised by: Submiitted by: Dr. Jaydipsinh Dodia Ms. Seema R. Gida Associate Professor Sr. Lecturer & Head of the English dept. S. H. Gardi Institute of English& Lt.Meenaben Kundalia Arts& Commerce Literary Studies, Mahila College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot Rajkot, Gujarat. Gujarat. 2006 STATEMENT UNDER UNIVERSITY ORDINANCE Ph..D. 7 II hereby decllare tthatt tthe work embodiied iin my tthesiis enttiittlled as “WOMEN IIN THE NOVELS OF BAPSII SIIDHWA AND NAMIITA GOKHALE: A CRIITIICAL STUDY”,, prepared ffor Ph..D. degree has nott been submiitttted ffor any otther degree off tthiis Uniiversiitty or any otther Uniiversiitty on any previious occasiion.. And tto tthe bestt off my knowlledge,, no work has been reportted on tthe above subjjectt.. And tthe work presentted iin tthiis tthesiis iis oriigiinall and whenever refferences have been made tto tthe work off otthers,, tthey have been cllearlly iindicatted as such and tthe source off iinfformattiion iis iinclluded iin tthe biiblliiography. SUPERVISOR: Dr.. Jaydiipsiinh Dodiia Ms.. Seema R.. Giida Associiatte Proffessor Research Sttudentt S..H.. Gardii IInsttiittutte off Englliish and S..H.. Gardii IInsttiitutte off Englliish Comparattiive Liitterary Sttudiies,, and Comparattiive Liitterary Sttudiies,, Saurashttra Uniiversiitty,, Saurashttra Uniiversiity,, Rajjkott,, Gujjaratt Rajjkot,, Gujaratt II Acknowledgements IItt iis exttremelly diiffffiiculltt tto sellectt a ttopiic ffor research,, and iitt happens so iin case off allmostt allll tthe research schollars.. Especiialllly iin tthe ffiielld off lliitteratture iitt iis doublly diiffffiiculltt and paiinsttakiing tto ffiind a rellevantt ttopiic iiff nott an absolluttelly unttrodden one ffor one’’s research.. Afftter much permuttattiions and combiinattiions,, II coulld llay my hands on ttwo promiinentt soutth Asiian women wriitters namelly Bapsii Siidhwa and Namiitta Gokhalle.. Botth off tthem are conttemporary wriitters and can very wellll be rellatted tto tthe presentt day siittuattiion and diillemmas;; whiich makes tthiings more autthenttiic.. Moreover botth tthe wriitters have dealltt wiitth women charactters wiitth a realliisttiic sttiing.. II have lliimiitted my research tto tthe criittiicall anallysiis off tthe women charactters iin tthe novells off Bapsii Siidhwa and Namiitta Gokhalle.. II mysellff beiing a woman coulld rellatte tto tthe charactters iin a betttter way and enjjoyed ttheiir jjourney tthrough tthe crestts and ttroughs off lliiffe.. IItt iis a research by a woman on women charactters porttrayed by women wriitters.. The aiim off tthiis research iis tto sttudy tthe women charactters porttrayed by Bapsii Siidhwa and Namiitta Gokhalle ffrom diifffferentt perspecttiives and patttterns.. IItt allso aiims tto sttudy tthe siimiillariittiies and tthe diissiimiillariittiies bettween tthe ttwo wriitters.. Botth have exhiibiitted a realliisttiic ttouch,, have porttrayed rollller coastter riide off ttheiir women.. Many ttraiitts off women are eviidentt iin ttheiir works.. Botth tthe wriitters have porttrayed tthe lliiffe off a woman iin tthe mettros as wellll as a smallll pllace.. II am deeplly iindebtted tto botth Bapsii Siidhwa and Namiitta Gokhalle who nott onlly responded tto my lletttter//emaiills iin ttiime butt allso proviided me wiitth some useffull criittiicall nottes on ttheiir novells.. II am exttremelly gratteffull tto Dr.. Jaydiipsiinh..Dodiia ffor guiidiing me iin my research.. He has allways been tthere whetther iitt iis tto suggestt a metthod or a llayoutt or suggesttiing a new anglle ffor tthe research;; he has done tthiings humblly and wiitth ease.. II have yett tto come across a person off hiis calliibre and poiise.. He conttiinued guiidiing hiis PhD.. sttudentts iinclludiing III mysellff even duriing tthe periiod off hiis Sabbattiicall lleave.. Hiis systtemattiic guiidance and unffaiilliing supportt has made tthiis work a realliitty.. The bllessiings off my parentts are wiitth me iin ffullffiilllliing tthe llong cheriished dream.. My husband Sanjjay`s practtiicall suggesttiions have hellped me iimmenselly iin my work.. My siistters Nayna,, Geetta and Sheella have sttood by my siide and even botth my niieces Janvii and Bharttii`s supportt cannott be undermiined.. II am equalllly tthankffull tto my colllleagues,, tthe Liibrariian,, tthe Computter Programmer Ltt.. Meenaben Kundalliia Collllege,, Rajjkott and Liibrariian Saurashttra Uniiversiitty,, Rajjkott ffor hellpiing me iin gettttiing tthe books tthatt II needed ffor my research work.. Words are iinadequatte tto express my tthanks tto Priinciipall B..R.. Dhakan who has been a source off iinspiirattiion ffor me.. She has allways encouraged me tto go ahead iin allll my academiic venttures.. February 25,,2006 Seema R.. Giida Rajjkott IV CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II CHAPTER I 1 - 36 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II 37-66 PARSI WOMEN AND TRIB AL WOMEN: PORTRAYED IN BAPSI SIDHWA`S NOVELS THE CROW EATERS AND THE PAKISTANI BRIDE CHAPTER III 67-99 SPIRITED WOMEN: A STUDY OF BAPSI SIDHWA`S NOVELS THE ICE-CANDY MAN AND AN AMERICAN BRAT CHAPTER IV 100-134 TOWARDS EMANCIPATION: A STUDY OF NAMITA GOKHALE`S PARO: DREAMS OF PASSION AND GODS, GRAVES AND GRANDMOTHER CHAPTER V 135-178 IN SEARCH OF ELUSIVE LOVE: A STUDY OF NAMITA GOKHALE`S A HIMALAYAN LOVE STORY AND THE BOOK OF SHADOWS CHAPTER VI 179-186 CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY 187-210 V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Today it would be difficult to say whether it is Bollywood or Indian writing in English that is the biggest cultural export because such is the spread and power of Indian writing in English. The second half of the twentieth century witnessed a surge, and it gained momentum with Salman Rushdie’s The Midnight’s Children. Earlier as in all other fields men were at the centre and it was so in the field of creative writing. Even some women writers used pseudonyms to conceal their identity. But with the passage of time, in the post modern age women are at the fore in almost all areas and so also in the field of creative writing they have acquired prominence. Moreover south Asian writing gained momentum in the past few decades. Especially 1980s saw a spurt of writers more specifically Indian writers writing in English. Writing in English acquired a fashionable stand and we have a full flight of writers writing in English. Few people realize; however, that South Asian English literature dates back to the late eighteenth century when Sake Dean Mohamet published his Travels (1794). Many vernacular Indian literatures developed in this era too. Indian English fiction however is very much a twentieth century phenomenon. By then English had become the language of political debate and the bridge between the Raj and the representatives of undivided India. Novelists such as Ahmed Ali, Mulk Raj Anand, G. V. Desani, R. K. Narayan and Raja Rao, were determined to forge their own voices, to provide a very different view of India to colonial writers. As a writer however, R.K. Narayan, towered over the others and his subtle, beautiful tales about the small town life remain timeless. South Asian writers began creating new linguistic paradigms for the English language and won literary prizes. Many of them have been widely translated. But V. S. Naipaul is the only English novelist of Indian extraction to have been a contender for the Nobel Prize. Today, South Asian fiction in English is the wonder of the literary world. South Asian writers are creating new linguistic paradigms for the English language and are constantly winning or being short-listed for major international literary 1 prizes. This year alone, the 1999 Booker shortlist included the distinguished Indian novelist, Anita Desai. Across the Atlantic, a first collection by a young short story writer, Jhumpa Lahiri, won the 1999 O. Henry Award. The New Yorker named her as one of the twenty writers of the 21st century; a similar list by the Observer named the young Amit Chaudhuri. In fact South Asian English fiction is just very good and its immense salability today has spawned more and more talented writers. Even Pakistani English fiction, though greatly overshadowed by the sheer number of Indian novels, is emerging on its own. By 1980, the South Asian English novel had started to make its presence felt worldwide. There was also new literary dialogue in western academia, which recognized that some of the best English writing was coming from Britain's erstwhile colonies. In 1977, Anita Desai won the Winifred Holtby Award and the Royal Society of Literature Award. In this era Bapsi Sidhwa, became the first Pakistani English writer, living in Pakistan, to receive international recognition since Ahmed Ali in 1940. The ribaldry of Sidhwa's first novel The Crow Eaters (1980) was rare for South Asian fiction. Hers was also the first major South Asian novel about the Parsee community to which she belongs; she also used the South Asian English dialogue of her characters extremely well to increase the novel's comedy.