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Download This PDF File Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society Vol. 72, 2021 Effect of light colour temperature on expression and serum profile of selected immune markers in layers EL-EMAM H. Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt ABOU-ISMAIL U. Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt EL-ARABY I. Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt FOUDA M. Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt ATEYA A. Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.27526 Copyright © 2021 H. EL-EMAM, U. ABOU- ISMAIL, I. EL-ARABY, M. FOUDA, A. ATEYA To cite this article: EL-EMAM, H., ABOU-ISMAIL, U., EL-ARABY, I., FOUDA, M., & ATEYA, A. (2021). Effect of light colour temperature on expression and serum profile of selected immune markers in layers. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 72(2), 2879-2888. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.27526 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 03/10/2021 04:13:20 | http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 03/10/2021 04:13:20 | J HELLENIC VET MED SOC 2021, 72(2): 2879-2888 Research article ΠΕΚΕ 2021, 72(2): 2879-2888 Ερευνητικό άρθρο Effect of light colour temperature on expression and serum profile of selected immune markers in layers H. EL-Emam1 , U. Abou-Ismail1 , I. EL-Araby2 , M. Fouda1 , A. Ateya1,* 1Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 2Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to quantify the effects of different temperatures of light colour on expression and serum profile of selected immune markers in Fayoumi layers. A total of 165 Fayoumi healthy pullets, 17 weeks of age were used. At laying, birds were separated in well ventilated environmentally-controlled rooms and allocated into three groups of 55 birds each (5 males and 50 females) for 3 months and these birds represented the base generation (F0). Fertile eggs were collected and the newly hatched chicks were also divided into three groups from first day of life till 3 months after laying and these represented the first generation (F1). In the two generations, the first group (control) was exposed to cool white LED light (day light) (6500 kelvin), the second group was exposed to very cool white LED light (sky blue light) (10000 kelvin) and the third group was exposed to warm white LED light (yellow light) (2700 kelvin). Birds of each group of the two generations were evaluated for expression profile of TLR4 and IL10 genes and serum level of IL10. Results showed that blue light-exposed groups, in the two generations, exhibited a higher up-regulation of TLR4 and IL10 genes and increased serum level of IL10 compared to groups experienced either white or yellow light colour. Comparison between F0 and F1 individuals revealed improved genetic profiles for 1F birds. The results therefore elucidate the benefits of using blue light in improving the immune status of layers in order to predict the most susceptible risk time for disease incidence and to build up an effective management regimen. Keywords: Layers; gene expression; immune markers; light; Fayoumi chickens Corresponding Author: Date of initial submission: 16-05-2020 A. Ateya Date of revised submission: 07-06-2020 E-mail address: [email protected] Date of acceptance: 08-06-2020 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 03/10/2021 04:13:20 | 2880 H. EL-EMAM, U. ABOU-ISMAIL, I. EL-ARABY, M. FOUDA, A. ATEYA INTRODUCTION chickens (Olanrewaju et al., 2015). Moreover, as long oultry production is an important component of as the longer wave lengths are possessed, the high- Pagriculture all over the world. Chickens are con- er penetration power of light is attained (Yang et al., sidered one of the most popular types of poultry all 2016). over the world regardless culture and religion. The reason for popularity could be the high nutritive val- Light is also a key microclimatic factor that hits ues poultry products have (Bell et al., 2002; da Silva chicken skull at the retinal receptors and travels et al., 2017; Kralik et al., 2018). Fayoumi is one of the through neurons to the pineal gland and hypothalamus native old breeds of chicken in Egypt. It is named for regulating centers (Egbuniwe and Ayo, 2016). Poul- the Faiyum Governorate, southwest of Cairo and west try detect light through the photoreceptors of retina of the Nile (Meyer, 1997; Zhou and Lamont, 2003). and the extra-retinal photoreceptors in the brain. The They are a lightweight fowl, with roosters weigh- brains of birds are equipped with active extra-retinal ing in around 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) and hens 1.6 kg photoreceptors that receive light energy and transmit (3.5 lb). In roosters, the plumage is silver-white on it through the skull and tissues. The chicken eye is the head, neck, back and saddle, with the rest in a capable of discriminating light colour due to 7 pho- black and white barring. Hens have heads and necks toreceptors (1 rod and 6 cones) in the eye (Hartl and in the silver-white hue, with the rest barred. Fayoumi Hayer-Hartl, 2002). The chicken retina consists of has a single comb, red moderately large earlobes and four types of single cones and a double cone, which wattles, with a white spot in the earlobes. Fayoumi are highly responsive to violet, blue, green, and red also has dark horn coloured beaks, and slate blue skin light (Bowmaker and Knowles, 1977). Photorecep- (Zhou and Lamont, 2003). tive pigments located at cones are characterized by a high sensitivity to violet (415 nm), blue (455 nm), Artificial light source as an external environment green (508 nm), and red (571nm) (Parry et al., 2004). factor is an important aspect affecting growth and im- Therefore, light colour has been studied in poultry munity in layers. It is well known that lighting fac- over the last three decades and its use has increased tors, such as intensity, exposure time and colour af- recently. The use of coloured lighting systems is an fect physiology and immune competence of chickens option to enhance production of layers in the modern (Foss et al., 1972; Rozenboim et al., 1999; Olanrewaju layer industry. Many kinds of lights have been intro- et al., 2006; Xie et al., 2008; Blatchford et al., 2009; duced commercially however, light emitting diode James et al., 2018). Light colour is described by chro- (LED) can dramatically save energy and provide ade- maticity. Chromaticity is the measure of warmth of quate illumination (Rozenboim et al., 1998). the light source (warm light) or coolness (cool light) expressed in degrees Kelvin. The scale ranges from Chicken Toll-like receptor (TLR) repertoire con- 2000 to 7000K. Chromaticity values of 4000 K and sists of ten genes similar to that found in human and above are considered cool (mostly blue light), while is two fewer than mouse (Higgs et al., 2006). The those around 3500 K or 3600 K are called neutral, and identified TLRs include TLR1 type 1, 2, TLR2 type 1, those of about 3000 K or below are considered warm 2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR15, and TLR21. (more red light) (Knisley, 1990). Light-emitting di- Chicken TLRs are present in different organs as thy- odes (LED) saves energy efficiently and provide suffi- mus, liver, kidney, brain, muscle, spleen, bursa, and cient brightness (Hassan et al., 2014). Natural daylight testis (Bekeredjian‐Ding and Jego, 2009). Toll-like re- can be also effectively simulated by the application ceptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane-span- light-emitting diode (LED) than the spectral gaps of ning proteins, which recognize molecules unique to other lighting sources (El-Sabrout and Khalil, 2017). microbes, discriminate self from non-self-antigens, Additionally, LEDs are potentially beneficial to the trigger appropriate immune responses, act as sentinels poultry industry due to long life span, moisture resis- of tissue damage, and mediate inflammatory respons- tance, and narrow spectrum (Olanrewaju et al., 2015; es to aseptic tissue injury (Marsh et al., 2009). Sharideh and Zaghari, 2017). Thus, most of the poul- Interleukin-10 encodes a 178-aa polypeptide, with try producers have replaced ICD (inductively coupled a predicted 162-aa mature peptide. It has 45 and 42% discharges) lamps with LEDs. It has been established aa identity with human and murine IL-10, respec- that the colour of light is a remarkable physical com- tively. The chIL-10 gene structure is similar to (five ponent of light that has a great impact on different exons, four introns), but more compact than, that of productive, reproductive and immune parameters of its mammalian. Chicken IL-10 mRNA expression J HELLENIC VET MED SOC 2021, 72(2) ΠΕΚΕ 2021, 72(2) http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 03/10/2021 04:13:20 | H. EL-EMAM, U. ABOU-ISMAIL, I. EL-ARABY, M. FOUDA, A. ATEYA 2881 was identified mainly in the bursa of Fabricius and evaluate the effect of different light colour tempera- cecal tonsils, with low levels of expression also seen tures on the immune status of Fayoumi layers by in- in thymus, liver, and lung (Rothwell et al., 2004). vestigating the expression pattern of TLR4 and IL10 IL-10 is one type of the anti-inflammatory cytokines genes and the serum profile of IL10.
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