Chemical Parameters Variation of Badopal Wetland, Hanumangarh District, Rajasthan
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[ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY– SEPT 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 SEASONAL VARIATION IN ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY AND PHYSICO- CHEMICAL PARAMETERS VARIATION OF BADOPAL WETLAND, HANUMANGARH DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN Surender kumar & Dr. A.K Gautum Maharaja Ganga singh University, Bikaner- 334001 India. Received: June 29, 2018 Accepted: August 09, 2018 ABSTRACT Wetlands are most productive system main base of environment is water and without water no living being can survive. In desert area of Rajasthan Badopal is a famous. Largest wetland in Hanumanghar District. It is situated on Suratgarh to Rawatsar road. 25 km far from Suratgarh tis geographical coordinates are 29019’0’’ N latitude and 73054’0’’ E longitude. Badopal wetland (Hanumangarh, Rajasthan) was studied for a period of one year from April 2009 to march 2010. The physico chemical parameters like air temperature, water temperature, pH, alkalinity, totalhardness, transparence, dissolvedoxygen, boilogical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and chlorides. Zooplanktons were examined quantitatively and with stranded identification methods. Zooplankton has been calculated using Shannon-weaner index. The zoopkankton community was composed of 5 species of rotifer, 5 species of protozoan crustaceans and larva were dominated for 4 month - Jan to April. Keywords: Plankton, Diversity, Physico-chemical, wetland. INTRODUCTION Zooplankton is heterogeneous assemblage of minute floating animal forms found in water. They may bear some locomotory structures but are not capable of moving against the water currents. Zooplankton usually act as primary consumers and constitute an importance link between primary producers (phytoplankton) and higher consumers (like carnivore fish) in aquatic food chains. Zooplankton are represented by a wide array of animal group of members of Protozoa, Rotifer, Copepoda cladocera and ostracoda are often dominating reproductive bodies (like gemmules egg etc.) and larval stages of large variety of animals including fish are also found in zooplanktonic collections. Thus in the present study zooplankton has been studies qualitatively and quantitatively results get a better understand of the structure and function of this important aquatic ecosystem. Zooplankton are very sensitive to Physicochemical Parameters and are the act as bio indicator of water bodies. Hence present study has been carried out on seasonal variation in Physico-chemical parameter and special reference to its zooplankton diversity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area Bodopal fresh water wetlands are situated 15 km from Pilibanga and 25 km from Suratgarh city eastern side. It lies between 29019’0’’ N latitude and 73054’0’’ E longitude. The studies were continued for a period of one year from April 2009 to march 2010. Plankton sample were collected on monthly basis from four different location including areas of maximum and minimum human activities for Quantitative and qualitative estimation water samples were collected in 500 ml plastic bottles. Plankton samples were collected by means of horizontal haul, using plankton net (no. 25) with a mesh size of 55 micro meter. The plankton net was hauled for a distance of 6 meters. Zooplankton were preserved in 5% formalin and brought to laboratory. Plankton samples were identified and counted under a microscope a using plankton counting chamber. Diversity index H’ (Shannon and weaver, 1949) was calculated for zooplankton using the following formula. H’ = -ENi/Nlog2Ni/N Where H’ = Shannon – Weaver index Ni = The number of individuals of ith species N = The total number of individuals 928헓 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 For the testing of physico-chemical parameters samples were collected during morning hours by using wide method polythene bottles. Four sampling stations were set up in varied ecological zones of badopal wetland in the investigation area. Most of Biological and Physialogical parameters were tested at the sampling station and only chemical parameters were tested in the laboratory. Oxygen was fixed at the sampling station. A morphometric survey of the wetland was made and the climatic data collected from District Hanumangarh (Raj.). RESULT AND DISCUSSION Results of present study are summarized in Table 1 & 2. The quality of natural waters is generally governed by the physico-chemical and biological parameters. The limnological parameters of the Badopal wetland were temperature (0C), transparency (cm), hardness (mg/l), among the physical factors and pH, DO(mg/l), BOD(mg/l), Alkalinity(mg/l) and Chloride(mg/l) among the chemical parameters. Period during April 2009 to March 2010 is considered as annual cycle. (a) Physical Parameters: (i) Water Temperature: The water temperature of the wetland was recorded lowest in January (6.90C in annual cycles respectively) which continuously increased up to 34.20C in annual cycles in the month of June (Table: 2). (ii) Transparency: Transparency at sampling station was recorded lowest in August (21.1 cm, in annual cycle) and highest value was recorded in January (61.5 cm and 64.5 cm) in first and second annual cycles (Table: 2). (b) Chemical Parameters (i) pH: pH value of the wetland at this sampling station was recorded highest in January (8.2 in first annual cycle) and in November (8.4, in second annual cycle), 7.4 is the lowest pH value recorded in the river in August and July in first and second annual cycles (Table: 2). The average of pH at this wetland was found to be 7.85 during the study. (ii) Dissolved Oxygen (DO): The DO value of the wetland at this sampling station was recorded lowest in August and September (4.8 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l, in first and second annual cycles. Highest DO value was recorded in January (7.8 mg/l, in first annual cycle) and in December (7.9 mg/l, in second annual cycle) (Tale: 2). The average of DO recorded at this wetland was 6.26 mg/l. (iii) Alkalinity: Alkalinity of the wetland at this sampling station was recorded lowest in August (84 mg/l and 72 mg/l, in first and second annual cycles) and highest in February (280 mg/l, in first annual cycle) and in March (236 mg/l, in second annual cycle) (Table: 2). the average of alkalinity at this wetland recorded 171.08 mg/l. (iv) Hardness: Hardness of the wetland water at this sampling station was recorded to be lowest in July (80.2 mg/l, in first annual cycle) and in October (94.7 mg/l, in second annual cycle). It was recorded highest in June (160.3 mg/l and 151.6 mg/l, in first and second annual cycles (Table: 2). The average of hardness at this wetland was 11.65 mg/l. (v) Chloride: The content of chloride at this sampling station recorded lowest in July (9.5 mg/l and 9.3 mg/l, in first and second annual cycles). Highest content of chloride was recorded in April (16.2 mg/l, in first annual cycle) and in May (18.2 mg/l, in second annual cycle) (Table: 2). The average of chloride in the wetland was 13.33 mg/l. (vi) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD): The BOD value of the wetland at this sampling station was recorded to be lowest in October (1.9 mg/l and 1.3 mg/l in first and second annual cycles). And highest in May (3.4 mg/l and 3.9 mg/l, in first and second annual cycles respectively) (Table: 2). The average of BOD at the wetland was 2.44 mg/l. (vii) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): The COD of the wetland at this sampling station was recorded to be lowest in July (8.5 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l, in first and second annual cycles). Highest value of COD was recorded in April (39.1 mg/l, in first annual cycle) and in February (37.2 mg/l in second annual cycle) (Table: 2). The average of COD at the wetland was 25.75 mg/l during the study. Zooplankton At station I in 2009-2010 the minimum number of zooplankton was 28.6/lit in October and maximum 211.1/lit in April. At station II the minimum number of zooplankton was 43.0/lit in October and maximum 346.9/lit in March in 2009-2010. At station III in 2009-2010 the minimum number of zooplankton was recorded as 54.5/lit in October and maximum 361.1/lit in April. Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 929헓 [ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY– SEPT 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 In 2009-2010 at station IV the minimum number of zooplankton was 56.8/lit in October and maximum 599.1/lit in April. (Table 1) Protozoa :- At station I in 2009-2010 the minimum number of protozoa was recorded as 5.4/lit in October and maximum 60.1/lit in April. The dominant forms of protozoa were Euglena, opalina, Amoeba and vorticella. In 2009-2010 at station II the minimum number was 6.5/lit in October and maximum 70.0/lit in April. The dominant forms of protozoa recorded were Bebesia, Nosema and ceratomyxa. At station III in 2009-2010 the minimum number of protozoa was recorded as 10.2/lit in October and maximum 65.7/lit in March. The dominant forms of protozoa were plasmodium, monocystis and nosema. At station IV in 2009-2010 the minimum number of protozoa was 8.9/lit in October and maximum 145.0/lit in the month of march. The dominant forms of protozoa were Episttlus, vorticella, volvox and Euglena (Table 1) Rotifers :- At station I in 2009-2010 the minimum number of Rotifers was recorded as 8.2/lit in October and maximum 65.2/ lit in April.