@ Entomologica Fennica. 24 March 2000 A re-evaluation of five European species of Spilomena with a key to European species and relevance to the fauna of North Europe, espe- cially Finland (Hymenoptera: Pemphredonidae) Veli V. Vikberg Vikberg, V. V. 2000: A re-evaluation of five European species of Spilomena with a key to European species and relevance to the fauna ofNorth Europe, especially Finland (Hymenoptera: Pemphredonidae). - Entomol. Fennica 10: 35-55. A critical examination, including the study of type material, resulted in the fol- lowing taxonomical changes in the sphecid wasp genus Spilomena: S. pulawskii Dollfuss, 1983 is synonymized with S. curcuca (Dahlbom, 1843). Spilomena differens Bliithgen, 1953 is considered a valid species. S. exspectata Valkeila, 1 957 is synonymized w ith Sp i lo mena b e at a Blithgen, 1 95 3. Sp il omena v alke il ai sp. n. is described from southem Finland, Sweden and Norway. The value of the head form as a taxonomic character in Spilomena is pointed out. A key to species of Spilomena of Europe and the Canary Islands is presented. Spilomena beata and S. enslini Bliithgen are added to the fauna of Norway. Notes on the distribu- tion of the species in North Europe, especially Finland are given. Veli V Vikberg, Liinalammintie ll as. 6, FIN-14200 Turenki, Finland. E-mail: v e li.vikb e rg @ mail. htk.fi Received 29 December 1998, revised 25 August 1999, accepted 16 September 1999 l.Introduction from each other. Actually, Dollfuss (1986) did not study the holotype of S. dffirens at all because The Palaearctic species of the sphecid wasp ge- he thought that the holotype of the species was rr.ts (Pemphredonidae) Spilomena Shuckard were the "type" of Celia troglodytes (Lind.) d var. B largely revised by Bliithgen (1953). Two species, Dahlbom, mentioned by Bliithgen (1953) at the S. curruca (Dahlbom, 1843) and S. dffirens beginning of the description of S. differens. In Bliithgen, 1953 have a pitted basal fovea of the 1990 a second male of S. pulawskii was found in mesoscutellum. A third species, having the same Swedish Lapland, LU: Kaltisblicken, Messaure character, S. pulawskii, was described later on the (Nilsson 1992) and also a female in the same prov- basis of one male from the Tatra mountains in S. ince (Jelkajikk6, Porjus, in 1990). After having Poland by Dollfuss (1983). In the revision of the found a new character on the posterior mesoscu- W. and C. Palaearctic species of the genus, Doll- tum, Dollfuss (1996) identified females of S. pu- fuss (1986) synonymized Spilomena cunuca and Iaw skii from the mountains of Austria and Poland. S. dffirens, because the male genitalia showed When studying Finnish specimens of Spilo- only one type and he could not separate females mena, I found two species among those identi- 36 Vikberg: A re-evaluation offive European species r ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 fied as S. curruca (Dahlbom) and/or S. differens ing the width of the head which can be measured relatively more accurately than OOL and without further adjustment Bltthgen. Most females identified as S. curruca of the specimen, only by focusing of the microscope. When by E. Valkeila resemble S. pulawskii according to the POL was measured, the light came from an anterior di- the characters given by Dollfuss (1996). This led rection and a little above; strong, soft light is needed to see me to examine the types of the species in ques- the inner margins of the iateral ocelli accurately. ln Spilomena beata and S. valkeilai sp. n. HWHH, HW/ tion and other specimens from North and Central FH and FWFH indexes were used. HH (head height) was Europe. Later I studied all available specimens of measured in anterior or lateral view as a distance of the top- Spilomena from Finnish collections and partly also most vertex and apicalmost anterior margin of the clypeus. from Sweden and Norway in order to clarify the FH (Face height) was measured in the anterior view as the distance between anterior margin of the median ocellus and distribution of the species in Northern Europe. apicalmost anterior margin of the clypeus. FW (Face width) was measured as the maximum width between the compound eyes. 2. Material and methods Specimens of Spilomena were studied from the collections 3. Results of the Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki (ZMH; Dr. A. Albrecht, Ms. N. Laurenne) including coll. W. Hel16n, and the Department of Applied Zoology, University of Hel- 3.1. Spilnmen& curruca (Dahlbom' L843) = S. sinki (DAZH; Martti Koponen), including coll. Th. Grijnb- palawskii Dollfuss, 1983, syn. noy, Spilomens lom, V J. Karuonen, A. K. Merisuo and E. Valkeila and per- dffirens Bliithgen, 1953 is a yalid species sonal collections of Jonny Perkiiimiiki, Helsinki, Martti Raekunnas, Iittala (MRPC) and Veli Vikberg, Turenki (WPC). Specimens of Spilomena dffirens, curruca, pulaw- Spilomena curruca and S. dffirenJ were separat- skii and beata/exspectata were loaned from the Natuhistor- ed by Bliithgen (1953) based on several charac- iska Riksmuseet, Stockholm (Dr. L.-A. Janzon), the Zoolog- head eyes is longer and ical Institute, University of Lund (ZIUL; Dr. R. Danielsson), ters, e.g. the behind the the Zooiogical Museum, University of Oslo (Jan E. Raas- less narrow in S. curruca and OOL = 2x POL in tad), the Norwegian Forest Institute (NISK), As, the Zoolog- S. curruca, 2Vzx POL in S. dffirens. Valkeila University Bergen (ZMUB; Lita Greve ical Museum, of (1957) used the same characters. Lomholdt (1975) Jensen), Naturhistorisches Museum, University of Vienna that the form (NHMW; Dr. S. Schodl), and from the personal coilections used the head form and wrote ocelli of JohanAbenius, Nyniishamn (JAPC), Sven Hellqvist, Stock- an obtuse angle in S. curruca, an acute angle in S. holm and Prof. G. Nilsson, Oslo. A large collection of uni- dffirens. Dollfuss (1986) could not separate the dentified Norwegian specimens of Spilomena was loaned females and synonymized lhe species, he meas- from Lars Ove Hansen, Oslo. The lectotype of Celia curruca (seldom 1.6-2;7xPOL; Dahlbom was studied from coll. Dahlbom, Zoological Insti- ured OOL = 2.0-2.5x POL tute, University of Lund, Sweden, the holotypes of S. dffir n=113). ens Bliithgen and S. exspectata Valkeila from the Zoological Later Dollfuss (1996) found one new charac- Museum, University of Helsinki and the holotype of Spilom- ter to sepa.rate the female of S. pulawskii from S. ena pulawskii Dollfuss from the Naturhistorisches Museum, " (actually S. pulaw skii is a synonym of University of Vienna. curruca" The specimens were examined under a Leitz stereomi- S. curruca (Dahlbom) and his S. "curruca" is S. croscope operated at magnifications of 50x and 100x. The dffirens). The hind margin of the mesoscutum of light source was a halogen lamp of 12V 20W with a narrow S. pulawskii has few, but strong longitudinal stri- light beam of 10'. The light beam was diffused by placing a "curruca" many, fine longitudinal piece of thick (0.2 mm) tracing acetate near (2-15 mm) the ae, that of S. specimen (see Goulet & Huber (1993: 60). Measurements striae; the figures refered to in the text were miss- and drawings were made by using a grid of squares (50 x 50, ing. Specimens of Spilomena are smal|2-3 mm side of a square 0.2 mm) in one of the oculars. Measure- long, and sometimes pinned so that it is impossi- ments were carried out using magnification 100x (ocular see thoracic character without first re- 12.5x, objective 8x); one side ofthe ocular square correspond- ble to this ed to 25.3 pm in the object, the decimal was estimated by laxing the specimen and taking the pin away. eye. Therefore, further characters in other parts of the I measured POL/HW (head Besides the POL/OOL index, body are needed. width including compound eyes) index. The reasons were appeared to be larger in the following: the species S. curruca and S. dffirens dtffer The length of POL mainly by their length of POL (wider in S. curruca).'[he pulawskii-type specimens. In a pilot study I meas- size of the specimen is taken into consideration by measur- ured POL in Finnish females with pulaw skii-type ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 . \,/ikberg: A re-evaluation of five European species 37 mesoscutum (Fig. 1) and the S. differens -type oscutum of the holotype is drawn in Fig. 2 and mesoscutum (Fig. 2) and counted the POL/HW POL is 3.0 units = 76 pm while POL/HW index is index with the following result: 0.093. Thus S. dffirens is not a synonym of S. pulaw skii-typ e female: POL 94- l2l pm; POL/ cLtrruca, but represents a valid species. HW mean 0.127, range 0.114-0.143 (n=24); An evaluation of the characters which can be dffirens-type female: POL 76-94 pm; POL/ used to separate Spilomena curruca and S. dffir- HW mean 0.098, range 0.091-0.115 (n=32). ens from each other (based mainly on North Eu- Because the pilot study gave a positive result, ropean and Austrian specimens, best characters a larger number of specimens from a wider geo- mentioned first): graphic area was measured just like the POL/OOL - microsculpture of posterior mesoscutum (see index from the same specimens, and the types of Figs. 1 and2). This is a very useful character if the species were studied. posterior mesoscutum can be studied. Usually the The lectotype of Celia curntca Dahlbom, 1843 striae ofS. curruca are few and strong but I have is a female from Norway, Nord-Trgndelag (NTi): seen three females with fine striae from E.