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Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: the Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril Michael Matheny, Sonoo Thadaney Israni, Mahnoor Ahmed, and Danielle Whicher, Editors WASHINGTON, DC NAM.EDU PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE • 500 Fifth Street, NW • WASHINGTON, DC 20001 NOTICE: This publication has undergone peer review according to procedures established by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Publication by the NAM worthy of public attention, but does not constitute endorsement of conclusions and recommendationssignifies that it is the by productthe NAM. of The a carefully views presented considered in processthis publication and is a contributionare those of individual contributors and do not represent formal consensus positions of the authors’ organizations; the NAM; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data to Come Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Suggested citation: Matheny, M., S. Thadaney Israni, M. Ahmed, and D. Whicher, Editors. 2019. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril. NAM Special Publication. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine. PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs “Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.” --GOETHE PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs ABOUT THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE The National Academy of Medicine is one of three Academies constituting the Nation- al Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). The Na- tional Academies provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. -
Montavista Linux Carrier Grade Edition
MontaVista Linux Carrier Grade Edition WHITE PAPER ABSTRACT: Communications networks are very different from other kinds of computing applications. Networks require both very high reliability and very high performance. Not only must they process large volumes of data at high speed, but they must do so while limiting their downtime to minutes per year. Network failures can have huge economic consequences and can even result in the loss of life. Additionally, in this post-9/11 world, failure also has a national security dimension. This technical whitepaper introduces MontaVista Linux Carrier Grade Edition— what it is, how it evolved, and how it provides a foundation for developing and deploying carrier-grade applications like those described above. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Intended Audience .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Organization .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Overview and Background ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Carrier Grade Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... -
Study of File System Evolution
Study of File System Evolution Swaminathan Sundararaman, Sriram Subramanian Department of Computer Science University of Wisconsin {swami, srirams} @cs.wisc.edu Abstract File systems have traditionally been a major area of file systems are typically developed and maintained by research and development. This is evident from the several programmer across the globe. At any point in existence of over 50 file systems of varying popularity time, for a file system, there are three to six active in the current version of the Linux kernel. They developers, ten to fifteen patch contributors but a single represent a complex subsystem of the kernel, with each maintainer. These people communicate through file system employing different strategies for tackling individual file system mailing lists [14, 16, 18] various issues. Although there are many file systems in submitting proposals for new features, enhancements, Linux, there has been no prior work (to the best of our reporting bugs, submitting and reviewing patches for knowledge) on understanding how file systems evolve. known bugs. The problems with the open source We believe that such information would be useful to the development approach is that all communication is file system community allowing developers to learn buried in the mailing list archives and aren’t easily from previous experiences. accessible to others. As a result when new file systems are developed they do not leverage past experience and This paper looks at six file systems (Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, could end up re-inventing the wheel. To make things JFS, ReiserFS, and XFS) from a historical perspective worse, people could typically end up doing the same (between kernel versions 1.0 to 2.6) to get an insight on mistakes as done in other file systems. -
NSLU2 for TF5800PVR Access Over Ethernet
Configure NSLU2 for TF5800PVR access over Ethernet Summary A Linksys NSLU2 is a paperback size unit that has Ethernet and USB ports. Using this the Topfield TF5800 PVR can be accessed over a home network. The NSLU2 is about £55 but needs custom firmware to access the Topfield. This document describes the installation process on a Windows PC. This configuration does not use any USB drives on the NSLU2. Make sure you read the appendix for latest info. Author Malcolm Reeves ([email protected]) Issue: Draft H Date: 6-May-06 Contents 1. Initial Test 2 2. RedBoot 3 3. Install Unslung 4 4. Install ftpd-topfield 5 5. Upgrades and Configuration 7 5.1 Turbo Mode 8 Appendix A - Rafe’s Comments 9 1. Initial Test So you’ve bought a NSLU2. Let’s test it and make sure it’s working. So connect it your home network. Most home networks are 192.168.0.xxx (where xxx is any number between 1 and 254) with a mask of 255.255.255.0. This range is reserved for local networks and it’s what Windows defaults to. You’ll need to change the mask to 255.255.254.0 on your PC and on your router if you have one. This is because the default IP address of the NSLU2 is 192.168.1.77 which is not on the default local network. After changing the mask enter 192.168.1.77 in a browser URL bar. This should bring up the Linksys web setup pages for the NSLU2. -
Membrane: Operating System Support for Restartable File Systems Swaminathan Sundararaman, Sriram Subramanian, Abhishek Rajimwale, Andrea C
Membrane: Operating System Support for Restartable File Systems Swaminathan Sundararaman, Sriram Subramanian, Abhishek Rajimwale, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau, Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau, Michael M. Swift Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison Abstract and most complex code bases in the kernel. Further, We introduce Membrane, a set of changes to the oper- file systems are still under active development, and new ating system to support restartable file systems. Mem- ones are introduced quite frequently. For example, Linux brane allows an operating system to tolerate a broad has many established file systems, including ext2 [34], class of file system failures and does so while remain- ext3 [35], reiserfs [27], and still there is great interest in ing transparent to running applications; upon failure, the next-generation file systems such as Linux ext4 and btrfs. file system restarts, its state is restored, and pending ap- Thus, file systems are large, complex, and under develop- plication requests are serviced as if no failure had oc- ment, the perfect storm for numerous bugs to arise. curred. Membrane provides transparent recovery through Because of the likely presence of flaws in their imple- a lightweight logging and checkpoint infrastructure, and mentation, it is critical to consider how to recover from includes novel techniques to improve performance and file system crashes as well. Unfortunately, we cannot di- correctness of its fault-anticipation and recovery machin- rectly apply previous work from the device-driver litera- ery. We tested Membrane with ext2, ext3, and VFAT. ture to improving file-system fault recovery. File systems, Through experimentation, we show that Membrane in- unlike device drivers, are extremely stateful, as they man- duces little performance overhead and can tolerate a wide age vast amounts of both in-memory and persistent data; range of file system crashes. -
Cooperative Development Inside Communities
Cooperative Development Inside Communities Jeff Osier-Mixon MontaVista Software, Inc. Embedded Linux Conference 2009 Kabuki Hotel, San Francisco, CA Who is Jeff? Veteran technical writer Embedded open-source greybeard: has worked in embedded open-source software and related hardware for 17 yrs (OMG) Experienced web guru: created one of the first corporate websites and intranets in 1994 (and hasn©t stopped since) Longtime community volunteer in many areas: homeschooling, airport, Habitat, historical society Developer advocate and open-source blogger at http://www.jefro.net/blog Why is he talking to us? Passionate about community and its potential for research efficiency, developer harmony, and world peace Sees something missing in the Linux community and wants to help Admin for MontaVista©s new developer community Who is MontaVista Software? Leader in embedded software solutions based on Linux Major developer of real-time features Major innovator and code submitter to mainline A company of developer advocates Community-Oriented Software Development The Benefits of Community-Based Development Preaching to the converted The Caveats of Community-Based Development Still preaching to the converted Who is the Community? Open-Source Software GNU tools BSD, etc Every project on sourceforge Other free/open Embedded .... embedded OS Development Linux Proprietary OS, RTOS Servers Embedded Desktops Linux Hardware Manufacturers & ISVs Let©s Look Closer at the Embedded Linux Community and its challenges Because it©s not ªtheº community you are after. -
NSLU2-Linux Howto Overclocktheslug
NSLU2-Linux | HowTo / OverClockTheSlug http://www.nslu2-linux.org/wiki/HowTo/OverClockTheSlug?action=print From NSLU2-Linux HowTo: OverClockTheSlug There appear to be two models around -- please verify that you are running at 133 before doing anything else ''' Tired of sluggish performance? Want to squeeze a bit more out of your slug? Feel that you're not getting the dish you paid for? Overclocking (De-underclocking) the Linksys NSLU2! (or how to get your own TurboSlug) Notes on Slugs supplied at 266Mhz: Edit: My brand new Slug comes from factory with BogoMIPS : 263.78, so it is already running at 266 MHz ?. The Slug is marked with a sticker: Manufactured 05/2006. Maybe someone from Linksys has read this page :) Edit: Mine also comes from factory running at 266Mhz ;) - Manufactured 05/2006 Edit by Bullfrog: Mine also comes from factory running at 266Mhz ;) - Manufactured 05/2006 - R64 is also now no longer fitted next to flash chip near serial port which with R83 fitted and R81 missing - gives the undocumented code for 266Mhz Edit by Charly: Mine also comes from factory running at 266Mhz ;) - Manufactured 05/2006. Also the French power adapter is twice smaller for same power (5V 2.0A) Edit by halfer: purchased 10/May/2007 and found that the " XScale ??-IXP425/IXC1100 " is already running at 263.78 BogoMIPS Notes on Slugs supplied at the standard half speed: Edit by Steve 2/25/2007: Purchased yesterday. Mine came with V2.3R73. Only a windows guy so couldn't verify speed. Task manager showed 31% network usage on large files (>2 GBytes ?). -
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard LSB Workgroup, The Linux Foundation Filesystem Hierarchy Standard LSB Workgroup, The Linux Foundation Version 3.0 Publication date March 19, 2015 Copyright © 2015 The Linux Foundation Copyright © 1994-2004 Daniel Quinlan Copyright © 2001-2004 Paul 'Rusty' Russell Copyright © 2003-2004 Christopher Yeoh Abstract This standard consists of a set of requirements and guidelines for file and directory placement under UNIX-like operating systems. The guidelines are intended to support interoperability of applications, system administration tools, development tools, and scripts as well as greater uniformity of documentation for these systems. All trademarks and copyrights are owned by their owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this standard provided the copyright and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this standard under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the title page is labeled as modified including a reference to the original standard, provided that information on retrieving the original standard is included, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this standard into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the copyright holder. Dedication This release is dedicated to the memory of Christopher Yeoh, a long-time friend and colleague, and one of the original editors of the FHS. -
A Wee Server for the Home
A wee server for the home Sudarshan S. Chawathe 2018-03-24 Home server: what? why? • Something to provide small-scale local services • Printing from local network • File server • Easily and privately share files with household • Destination for backups of other computers, photos, videos • Music server • Control playback on attached home audio system • Serve music to play elsewhere • Stream music from elsewhere • Web server: Photo and video galleries • Personal XMPP/Jabber chat server • Landing spot for remote login • Wake up other computers using wake-on-LAN. • Email server, … ? • Under personal control. • Free (libre) • Independent of non-local network • availability, latency, bandwidth S.S. Chawathe, A wee server for the home 1 Why a wee server? • Low power consumption • Always-on is a nice if it only uses a few watts. • Low heat dissipation • Compact • easily stash on a shelf, behind other equipment, … • Low cost • ~ 100 USD. • Hardware options that are more open • than mainstream servers • Fun • low-risk hardware experimentation: flashing, etc. • easy hardware interfacing • blinking lights, motors, sensors, … S.S. Chawathe, A wee server for the home 2 This presentation • For, and by, a non-expert • Not very novel or unique; see FreedomBox, … • Expert advice welcome • Brief how-to and invitation • Buy, build, configure a wee home server • Use, learn, and contribute to libre software • One person’s choices and experience • not comprehensive, nor ideal • but actually used, long term • Small technical excursions (still non-expert) • udev rules • randomness • Sharing • experiences with home servers • suggestions, concerns, future directions S.S. Chawathe, A wee server for the home 3 Hardware choices • many options • examples, not exhaustive lists • what I chose and why S.S. -
WPPA06 Proceedings of ICALEPCS07, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
WPPA06 Proceedings of ICALEPCS07, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA AN EMBEDDED EPICS CONTROLLER BASED ON ETHERNET/SERIAL BOX G.Y. Jiang, L.R. Shen, SSRF, Shanghai 201800, P. R.China Abstract The SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) control system takes the Ethernet as backbone. All kinds PROTOTYPE OF SERIAL DEVICE of serial devices such as vacuum pumps are connected to CONTROLS AT SSRF Linux IOCs via a kind of Ethernet/serial box made by Moxa company. In the pre-research stage of SSRF, the old Nport5610 model of this Ethernet/serial box was only a simple Ethernet/serial protocol converter which was functioned In the pre-research stage of SSRF, Nport5610, which is by firmware. Aim to this, we have developed several a commercial Ethernet/serial box made by Moxa kinds of EPICS device drivers based on NetDev for our company [4] was chosen. It is composed of an arm9 CPU, serial devices. a small lcd screen, buttons, 8/16 serial ports and two Recently, Moxa company has upgraded the converter 10/100M Ethernet ports. Each Nport5610 has an IP by replacing old arm9 CPU with a more powerful Intel address on the Ethernet. Users are allowed to modify its Xscale CPU. It supports MontaVista Linux as its IP address and serial port parameters basically through embedded OS, also cross-compiler is provided to make telent/http or on the panel. Data flow from Ethernet is further development available. Since we have decided to forward to each serial devices in the way of "IP:PORT". use the new model of converter in our facility finally, we For example, to access serial device on port 4001, the manage to port EPICS IOC core on MontaVista Linux socket program will address "IP:4001". -
Zack's Kernel News
KERNEL NEWS ZACK’S KERNEL NEWS ReiserFS Turmoil Their longer term plan, Alexander Multiport Card driver, again naming In light of recent events surrounding says, depends on what happens with himself the maintainer. Hans Reiser (http:// www. linux-maga- Hans. If Hans is released, the developers Jiri’s been submitting a number of zine. com/ issue/ 73/ Linux_World_News. intend to proceed as before. If he is not patches for these drivers, so it makes pdf), the question of how to continue released, Alexander’s best guess is that sense he would maintain them if he ReiserFS development came up on the the developers will try to appoint a wished; in any event, no other kernel linux-kernel mailing list. Alexander proxy to run Namesys. hacker has spoken up to claim the role. Lyamin from Hans’s Namesys company offered his take on the situation. He said Status of sysctl Filesystem Benchmarks that ReiserFS 3 has pretty much stabi- In keeping with Linus Torvalds’ recent Some early tests have indicated that ext4 lized into bugfix mode, though Suse assertions that it is never acceptable to is faster with disk writes than either ext3 folks had been adding new features like break user-space, Albert Cahalan volun- or Reiser4. There was general interest in ACL support. So ReiserFS 3 would go on teered to maintain the sysctl code if it these results, though the tests had some as before. couldn’t be removed. But Linus pointed problems (the tester thought delayed In terms of Reiser4, however, Alexan- out that really nothing actually used allocation was part of ext4, when that der said that he and the other Reiser de- sysctl (the implication being that it feature has not yet been merged into velopers were still addressing the techni- wouldn’t actually break anything to get Andrew Morton’s tree). -
Introduction to Fmxlinux Delphi's Firemonkey For
Introduction to FmxLinux Delphi’s FireMonkey for Linux Solution Jim McKeeth Embarcadero Technologies [email protected] Chief Developer Advocate & Engineer For quality purposes, all lines except the presenter are muted IT’S OK TO ASK QUESTIONS! Use the Q&A Panel on the Right This webinar is being recorded for future playback. Recordings will be available on Embarcadero’s YouTube channel Your Presenter: Jim McKeeth Embarcadero Technologies [email protected] | @JimMcKeeth Chief Developer Advocate & Engineer Agenda • Overview • Installation • Supported platforms • PAServer • SDK & Packages • Usage • UI Elements • Samples • Database Access FireDAC • Migrating from Windows VCL • midaconverter.com • 3rd Party Support • Broadway Web Why FMX on Linux? • Education - Save money on Windows licenses • Kiosk or Point of Sale - Single purpose computers with locked down user interfaces • Security - Linux offers more security options • IoT & Industrial Automation - Add user interfaces for integrated systems • Federal Government - Many govt systems require Linux support • Choice - Now you can, so might as well! Delphi for Linux History • 1999 Kylix: aka Delphi for Linux, introduced • It was a port of the IDE to Linux • Linux x86 32-bit compiler • Used the Trolltech QT widget library • 2002 Kylix 3 was the last update to Kylix • 2017 Delphi 10.2 “Tokyo” introduced Delphi for x86 64-bit Linux • IDE runs on Windows, cross compiles to Linux via the PAServer • Designed for server side development - no desktop widget GUI library • 2017 Eugene