Annual Child Wellbeing Report
Fiscal Year 2014 I. BASIC INFORMATIONS
I. BASIC INFORMATIONS 2 1. Table of Contents 2 2. List of acronyms 3 II. SUMMARY 5 III. INTRODUCTION 6 IV. PROGRESS 8 V. METHODOLOGY 8 VI. BACKGROUND 9 VII. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 10 7.1 - Education 10 7.2 – Health & Nutrition 15 7. 3 – Leadership & Local Governance 20 7.4 – Livelihood & Food Security 28 VIII. DISATER MANAGEMENT 34 IX. MOST VULNERABLE CHILDREN 36 X. ACCOUNTABIITY OF THE PROGRAMME 38 XI. LESSONS DRAWN FROM THE CWB REPORT 39 XII. ANNEXES 40
02 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 2. List of acronyms
CFEE End of primary Education Certificate ICP Nurse Head of Post
ADP Area Development Programme IEC/CCC Information, Education, Communication
AEMO Assistance in Open Environment. IEF Board of Education and Training
AGR Income Generating Activities IRA Acute respiratory Infections
AME Association of students’ Mothers. LQAS Lot Quality Assurance Sample.
APC Competence based Approach MII Insecticidal treated Mosquito Nets Development programme based MILDA/LLI APD Long lasting insecticidal treated nets Approach N Ministry Objective / Objectif du APE Parents Teachers Association MO Ministère. ARAF Local Association CBO/OCB Community Based Organization
ATPC Community led total sanitation. OMD Millenium Development Goal.
AVEC Village Association for Saving and Credit. OMS World Health Organization. Global Analysis of Vulnerability, Food Plan for the improvement of children’s AVGSAN PAAE security and Nutrition. learning Programme for the improvement of high BDS Business Development Project PAES school education. Partnership for the improvement of the BEE Child’s Well-Being. PAQUEK quality of education in Kédougou. Integrated community management of BFEM End of Junior High School Certificate PCIME/C children’s diseases. Ten year programme of Education and CADL Centre for Local Development support. PDEF Training CAVE Early warning and watchdog committee. PDPE Department Child Protection Plan Communication pour un Changement de Management protocol of childhood CCC PECADOM Comportements illness at home CDE Economic Development Committee. PEV Extended Immunization programme Comité Départemental de Protection de Plan of continuous education and CDPE PFCSE l'Enfant. monitoring of teachers CGE School Management Committee PLD Local Development Plan.
CHN Child Health Now PNLP National Programme against Malaria
CHU University Hospital Centre PSE Emerging Senegal Plan Comité Local pour l'Education et la CLEF PSSC Community Health Programme Formation. CLPE Local committee for child’s protection RCE Community Education Network
CODEC School Headmasters’ Association. RNA Natural Assisted Regeneration.
CPN Prenatal Consultations SCOFI Committee for the schooling of girls. Departmental Service of Rural CRS Catholic Relief Services. SDDR Development. SEMFIN Senegal Microfinance
CVA Citizen Voice and Action SLT Senior Leadership Team
CWBT Child Wellbeing Target. SMNIC Maternal & Neonatal Care
DAPSA Division SNPE National Strategy for child’s protection
DEL Local Development. SONATEL National telecommunication company.
DME Design, Monitoring & Evaluation SRO/ORS Oral rehydratation solution DPREME Direction of Previson and Reform of TB Tuberculosis N Ministry of Education DSDOM Caregiver at home TRO Oral rehydratation therapy Union of Bore holes management EDS Demographic health survey UCGF committees. Environmental Development Action in ENDA USAID Us Aid the Third World - NGO Faith-Based Organization / Organisation FBO VAD In-home Visit Basée sur la Foi. FLAT Functional Literacy Assessment Tool. VF Vision Fund
FMNR Farmer Management Natural Resources WARO West Africa Regional Office
FY Fiscal Year WASH Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
GERME Better Manage one’s Firm WV World Vision
IA School Board of Education. WVI World Vision International.
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 03 II. SUMMARY This document is an illustration of the World Vision Senegal’s contribution to the improvement of the well-being of Senegalese children. It is a summary of the achievements registered during the 2014 Fiscal Year and which detailed below through the 04 strategic objectives of the Country Office:
Improvement of the quality of Education and The improvement, protection of the life skills: environment, food security and households’ 1 income: The CFEE exam which is a major assessment for the 3 students at the end of the primary cycle is marked by decreasing (a) The ratio of households with a secondary source of income results compared with the two previous years. In WV Senegal’s reveals an average of 53.1% (27 ADPs) for an objective of intervention areas, the CFEE exam went from 53,14% in 2012 45% in 2014; to 46% in 2013 to reach 25,30% in 2014. This is partly due to (b) the target of 50% of parents or guardians who suffered a the many disruptions which affected the National education shock and were able to cope or to use positive coping system during the last 5 years (strikes ...), but also reforms strategies is far from being achieved (5.36% on average); initiated including APC which is not yet fully harnessed by (c) The weighted averages of the ratio of adolescents affected by teachers; whereas it is integrated into the students’ assessment inadequate access to food and of households who experienced system. However, the FLAT evaluation carried out on all the one or more months of hunger in the past 12 months indicates programmes has enabled to note on average, significant progress 31.34% and 85.83% respectively. between 2012 (12%) and 2014 (42.69%), despite the fact that all the country is still in the extreme risk area (0-50%). These Recommandations : results illustrate the need for continued support for teachers (1) multiply the savings groups (AVEC) in the programmes; through ongoing training on the competence-based approach, (2) enhance the production infrastructures already in place in to work for the strengthening of commitment and ownership the southern area, (value chain analysis and market access); of education by communities, systematize remediation plans and (3) disseminate the BDS approach (self-help approach). establish community monitoring programs for students. The emergence of a strong and capacitated Recommandations : local leadership for children and organizations: (1) support for teachers through ongoing training on the competence-based; work for the strengthening of 4(a) only 25% of the 28 ADPs that reported on the ratio of commitment and ownership of education by communities; adolescents who have a strong link with their parent or (2) systematizing remediation plans and establishing guardian, exceeded the strategic commitment of 2014 ( 60%); community monitoring programmes for students. (b) only 3 out of the 28 ADPs exceeded the threshold set at 55%, while in 2013, 7 out 9 ADPs went beyond the 50% target The improvement of health and nutritional relating to adolescents who know about the presence of status of children under 5 years of age and mechanisms to receive and respond to abuse, neglect, women of child bearing age: exploitation or violence against children; 2 (c) 100% of the 28 ADPS went beyond the 2014 target (40%) (a) In the 28 ADPs, 76% of children under 5 who experienced regarding the ratio of adolescents who claim to have birth a so called ARI, were taken to a health facility; certificates. (b) 59% of those who had diarrhoea (within the last 2 weeks preceding the survey), received proper treatment under the Recommandations : 28 programmes; (1) Promote youth participation to communities’ decision (c) 75% of the 24 programmes that reported on the immunization making bodies; coverage rate on essential vaccines among children(aged 0-11 (2) disseminate the CAVEs; months), had higher or equal performances than the national (3), systematize and set up a feedback mechanism to send the average performance that is 70% and 9 of which exceeded the village registers to the secondary birth registers; 85% target set by the Ministry of Health; (4) involve health personnel and Imams in the promotion of (d) the prevalence of underweight among children under 2 years birth registration. is “acceptable” (green) according to the WHO standards, in 74% of the 19 programmes that sent reports.
Recommandations : 1) Support IEC / CCC activities, (2) support the recycling of matrons (3) involve community leaders and traditional healers during the trainings on ARI (4) promote CLTS in all the programmes.
04 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 III. Introduction During the FY 2014, World Vision Senegal has managed a portfolio of 28 programmes in 6 regions of Senegal. Over the past 7 years, WV Senegal sought to capitalize on its experience and implement a preparation of a development programme approach (DPA). The Senegal model revolves around four main pillars, the fourth of which consists in preparing a monitoring, evaluation and integrated learning system.
T able 1 : Mapping of the National Strategy (2013-2015)
In 2014, WVS Senegal adapted a new structure with partners, communities, and households to improve focussing on those strategic commitments and enabling the well-being of 639.000 children, particularly the most to significantly contribute the well-being of children vulnerable ones in 6 regions of Senegal by 2015 (see the (sustainable and visible impacts). This new structure is strategy map). To fulfil that goal, our 4 strategic objectives made up of a specialized staff and using a new modus have been formulated as follows: operandi that strengthens the partnership through contracting with community-based organizations (CBOs) that ensure the implementation of the various • Contribute to the improvement of the health and projects. In order to ensure a successful transition, a nutritional status of 197,000 children under five and national approach on transition and sustainability has 234,000 women of childbearing age. been designed to serve as benchmark for the preparation • Contribute to the improvement of the quality of of all programmes and projects. training and education for 122,260 schooled children • Contribute to the improvement of the protection of This report on the children’s well-being is the result of the environment, food security and income of 115,900 this process and aims at collecting information on the households. various programmes so as to help in the understanding • Contribute to the emergence of a strong and of our context and the way which we, as an organization, capacitated local leadership for organizations and improve our impact on the children’s well-being. The children in 65 intervention areas. production of this report was guided by WVS’s ultimate commitment which consists in working in collaboration World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 05 The outcomes presented below are structured around strategic objectives and on the basis of 15 indicators that illustrate the country offices’ contributions but that mainly enable to better assess them through their alignment with priorities of the international partnership of, WV, the MDGs, and the strategic pillars of the Senegalese government. Their production was facilitated thanks to the prior harmonization of the logframes of the health, education, food security/ economic development projects implemented since January 2014. The table bellows introduces the performance objective set for FY 14 as well as the outcomes sought for.
T ableau 2 : Objectif de Performance pour FY 14
Children show increased • 70% of adolescents who declare being fully developed in terms of the life satisfaction scale well-being • 80% of adolescent who claim to have birth certificates • 60% of adolescents who know about the existence of mechanisms to receive and respond to abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence against children. • 31% of adolescents with inadequate access to food • 62% of adolescents with strong ties with their parents or guardians.
• 43% of children under 5 with pneumonia presumption who were taken to an adequate An increase in the number health personnel of children protected • 80% of the coverage rate of essential vaccines among children (0-11 Months) against diseases and • 80% of children under 5 years suffering diarrhoea during the last two weeks and who infections received adequate treatment • 90% of parents or nursing staff that have an adequate hand washing behaviour
• 55% of households with a secondary income source An increase in the number • 50% of parents or guardians who managed to survive a disaster and were able to use an of well-nourished children efficient strategy of risk reduction or positive adaption. • 9% of the prevalence rate regarding underweight among children under 2 years of age (0-23 months) • 55% of households that were faced with one or several months of hunger during the last twelve (12)months
An increase in the number of children who can read • 75% of boys and girls who passed the CFEE exam last year. • 55% of children who are functionally literate before the age of 11 years
The various contributions of the programmes, on the basis of the indicators mentioned below, have had an impact on more than a million of people, including 639 000 children direct beneficiaries among whom more than 34,000 are affected by the implementation of World Vision’s advocacy activities relating to the child’s protection and rights.
Below are presented the expenditures made by all the 28 programmes and 09 grants of World Vision Senegal in relation to each level of the child’s well-being outcome and during the period going from October 2013 to September 2014.
06 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 IV. PROGRESS
In 2013, the major recommendations on the report focussed mainly on the following: (a) The use of monitoring data to illustrate the normal sequence of the results obtained; (b) The use of data representative of all the Country office programmes.
In this report, such recommendations have been implemented mainly through the various processes organized and controlled at national levels. This relates mainly to: (1) the systematization and use of tools to collect monitoring data by specialists sectors under all programmes and at centralization at national level (mapping of indicators): (2) discussion on monitoring data in the 2014 report to confirm the results on the basis of the measurement of the indicators contained in the section on the strategic objectives; (3) the measurement of all the programmes outcomes indicators through the collection of secondary or primary data.
To achieve this, the Country Office (NB/BN) carried out a harmonization of the data collection tools and the sampling plan so as to secure a confidence level of 95% with a margin of error of 5%. This was a big progress in terms of improving our system of monitoring/evaluation. This change had the expected effects on the production of this report by allowing the country office to have representative data for the 28 programmes in order to better illustrate the impact of the interventions on the well- being of the most vulnerable children.
V. METHODOLOGY
This report is the result of a collaborative work that followed work groups, after taking stock and analysis of the various the 10 implementation steps defined by the partnership. Thus tools existing within the programmes. the different departments of WVS and partners were involved in the key moments of the process, mainly F Data collection : (i) planning; (ii) data collection; (iii) processing, analysing and sharing of data; Since WVS has conducted, in 2014, a review of harmonized (iv)writing and validation of the document. Logframes for a better integration of standard indicators, data collection was made in the 28 programs so as to have F Preparation & planning : : data update of all indicators and report on the contribution to the well-being of the child. A two-stage sampling design After an analysis of the feedback from the Global Centre was conducted for primary data collection. Primary units on the contribution report to the well-being of the 2013 (villages) were first drawn in proportion to their size. Then the child and the preparation of an implementation plan of the secondary units (households) were drawn based on a simple recommendations, a business plan was produced by the random sampling. The sample size was calculated taking into Ministry Quality Department, then shared and approved by account the sample plan and the 95% confidence level with a the Senior Leadership Team1. Subsequently, the business plan margin of error of 5%. Three questionnaires were developed was subject to a communication for all the staff in order to and administered to 302 heads of household or caregivers, ensure their commitment. It was followed by the holding of 274 pregnant women and mothers of children 0-5 years old a preparatory workshop between DME specialists of the and 481 teenagers from 12-18 years. The FLAT tools was also operations department and the team of the Ministry Quality. administered to about 200 children per program. This meeting has enabled to: (i) assess information needs; With regard to qualitative surveys, criteria were defined for the (ii) take stock of sources of information; selection of Community-based Organizations (management (iii) design and harmonize methods and collection tools and structures) depending on the context of each programme. the sampling plan. Through focus group and semi-structured interviews, aspects related to CBOs capacity as well as their preparedness, Thus, the secondary data sources were identified and transition and sustainability have been widely explored. were mainly composed of about 03 National reports from government and international institutions, WV Senegal’s Secondary data were collected at the national level by the reports (11 annual monitoring reports of cluster experts National Office advisers. They focused on documents (studies, sectors, 28 annual programs reports, 11 annual reports of reports, strategic and operational planning) which help to special Projects of FY14, 02 contribution reports to the well- know the thresholds set by the Government and international being of children in 2012 and 2013, 01 mid-term programme institutions and some national mean values. At programmes assessment report, 01 Baseline special project report) and level, data was collected from the decentralized Technical activity reports of the decentralized technical services. As for Services by the DME specialists. the collection tools, they were designed through thematic
1 Senior Leadership Team includes all departments World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 07 F Processing, analysis and sharing of outcomes :
Quantitative data were entered on CS Pro to help ensure quality control and were processed with SPSS. The outcomes were presented in the form of a graph2, compared to the thresholds and national averages, and then shared with partners to collect comments and recommendations during a workshop organized3 for this purpose.
F Writing and approval of the report : the provisional report taking into account the partners’ recommendations was discussed and validated in by all the departments during an SLT meeting then transmitted to WARO for review before the production of the final report.
It should, however, be emphasized that the low lack of control of the target in our areas of intervention was a limit in the sampling, which made it difficult to calculate the national average, especially for the age groups targeted by the national strategy
VI. BACKGROUND
Outside the Post restructuring context that characterized the Fiscal Year 2014, the Country Office /National Bureau did not experience any major internal changes. However, new trends with strong implications on the current and upcoming programming were noticed at external level. Among these we can note mainly the following:
Positives Factors • Universal health coverage (UHC ) initiated by the Government of Senegal, through a no fee policy which facilitates access to health care for all the children under 5 years of age. • Reform relating to Acte III of decentralization which reorganizes the institutional framework and the management of competences transferred to the local communities and a territorial re-reform aimed at a more balanced and harmonious development of the various local communities in Senegal.
• The National Conference of Education which was a major event in terms of Advocacy and national dialogue on the issues of the education sector, as well as a participatory and inclusive debate for a new education project addressing the concerns of stakeholders in the system.
• Setting up of the PSE as a new development plan of Senegal focussing on the improvement of living conditions, economic growth, and employment, the promotion of good governance, peace and security and the fight against social injustices.
Facteurs Défavorables • The appearance of the Ebola disease in West Africa as a real threat for Senegal and with multiple consequences in all the sectors of life • Persistent food insecurity following the low rainfalls registered during the last 5 years obliging the Senegalese government and its partners to resort to programmes for the distribution of food and families safety nets grants.
2 Programmes are ranked by decreasing order, following their implementation duration . 3 Information sharing workshop of 25 December. Held in Résidences Mamoune.
08 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 VII. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 7.1 - Education
SO.1.1 – Improve equitable access to education for all the children in a proper school M0.01 – Contribute to the environment. improvement of quality SO.1.2 – Improve the quality of education services provided. education and training for SO.1.3 – Build capacities of community leaders and staff for an effective management of pre- 122,260 students aged school and elementary structures. between 3 and 18 years SO.1.4 – Improve the alternative education systems for the children outside the formal system and those who are above schooling age.
The strategic goal of World Vision Senegal addresses the need To provide adequate solutions to these problems, WV Senegal has to bring in structural and sustainable responses to the issues pledged through its 28 programmes, to implement plans to improve of children’s education. These issues relate to: participatory education through various model projects and best practice (PAES governance of the school, the quality of learning and teaching, PAAE, PFCSE, PDPE , CVA, RCE, the school governments, the equitable access to quality education for all the children and an CVA and the various alternative education programs).To illustrate educational offer adapted to children outside the formal system. the progress made towards achieving the strategic objective, The root causes are both varied and complex. They relate to: two indicators were selected: The rate of success of students at (i) the low social community mobilization around the objectives the CFEE exam and the ratio of students who are can read and of Education; understand. (ii) the non-functioning of the school support structures; (iii) the inadequate or non-availability of teaching materials The results are presented in decreasing order of age in the (textbooks, teaching aids ..); following diagrams and enable to draw adequate lessons and (iv) poor access and / or poor mastery of innovative teaching recommendations. methods mainly reading and maths; (v) the inefficiency of the system monitoring mechanism; (vi) poor home supervision of students.
Pillar 2 of the PSE4: Means of improving living conditions and the fight against social injustices (access to basic social services of quality, sustainable management of resources and balanced development of the territory, social protection of vulnerable groups).
Objective of the partnership: Increase of the number of children who can read (11 years)
MDG Target 3 : By the year 2015, M0.01 – Contribute to the improvement of quality education and give to all the children (boys and training for 122,260 students aged between 3 and 18 years. girls), everywhere in the world, the means to complete a full cycle of CHILD WELL-BEING OUTCOMES : Children who have access to basic education primary studies up to the end
Children (B/G) who passed the CFEE exam in 2013/214 Graph 1 (Source : Statistiques des IA des zones d'intervention de WVS - Octobre 2014)
100% 98% 90% 80% 80%
70% 59% 63% 65% 60% 62% 60% 57% 49% 54% 52% 50% 50%42% 51% 50% 38% 38% 38% 43% 33% 40% 30% 28% 38% 38% 34% 35%25% 35% 24% 23% 31%22% 22% 21% 22% 30% 20% 27% 20% 19% 16% 14% 15% 15% 24% 20% 11% 10% 11% 14% 7% 10% 0%
Proportion de garçons et de filles qui ont réussi à l'examen du CFEE l'année passée. CWBT Report 2013 Objectjf Strategique WVS FY 14 Seuil standard du Gouv. Senegal
4 Programme Senegal Emergent (initiated by the Government of Senegal). World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 09 Analyses
The end of primary school exam (CFEE) informs on the Just like the programmes of Kédougou, those of the other efficiency of the education system and measures the quality regions, and based on their cycles, made progress12 to boost of inputs available to a cohort who has spent six years of this indicator but with varying orientations. The region of learning at school. The data for this indicator are collected Kolda (20.50%) has a great disparity in the light of the efforts by literature review and provided by the various IEF of WV made by the programmes. The region of Kaffrine (19.75%) h Senegal’s areas of intervention. Overall, 93% of the ADPs shows approximately the same disparity, as the Kolda region. reported on the indicator. This second certificate evaluation Failure could be found in the absence or weakness of the of the reform which is a competence-based approach (CBA), analysis and the interpretation of the results of standardized is marked by much weaker results than the last two years. tests or remedial plan. The national average (rural area) went from 53.14% in 2012 to 46% in 2013 down to 25.30% in 2014. The programmes of the region of Fatick (22.62%) focused more on the availability of educational materials, than on The chart above confirms this national trend up to the areas activities such as the standardized tests. These programmes of intervention of World Vision Senegal. No programme supported only two standardized tests (by the cluster of either achieved the standard threshold of success rate in the Fimela) for the benefit of 1549 students, no educational CFEE examination5 in Senegal which is 80% or the strategic animation cell that promotes the exchange of classroom best goal set by World Vision. practices between teachers was given support, just like the on-going training and monitoring plans of teachers (PFCSE). Compared to last year, all the results of the ADPs follow a This explains the relatively low success/performance rate downward trend except for Fimela which has recorded an among students. increase of 10%. The most spectacular situation has come from the ADP of Thiapy which went from 98% last year to Concerning the programmes cycle, the gap (13%) between 23% this year or a decreasing gap of 75% and the ADP of the average of the first cycle programmes (35%) and those Missirah which has recorded the lowest rate (7%). of the second (22%) and third cycle (20%) is quite large and is mainly due to two factors. The first is that the third A comparison of the results of the programmes per area6 cycle programmes are mostly in their transition phase shows this: the regions of Kédougou and Tambacounda and as such the volume of their resources and investment (35%) are ahead of the other regions: Fatick (22. 62%), Kolda is less important than that of the first cycle programmes. (20.50%) and Kaffrine (19.75%) even if it has the greatest The second reason relates to the fact that the first cycle disparity (the highest rate in Saraya 59% and the lowest rate programmes have the ability of taking care of many activities in Missirah (7%). while those of the third cycle focused on flagship activities such as reading ability improvement at the expense of some A comparison by programme cycle shows disparities that activities which are left to their partners. deserve special attention. The programmes which are in the third cycle7 have the smallest average (20%), while those who However, all those efforts seem to be isolated with regard are in the second cycle8 (22%) and in the first cycle9 (35%) to the problems connected to the education system and are ahead. The success rate for boys (56%) is slightly ahead of conditions of teaching & learning that are less conducive to that of the girls (48%). quality and which underlie this overall decline. There are many pedagogical practices which are still inadequate with regard This general downward trend is a telling example of the to performance requirements, such as the start of the school weakening of the education system which, this year, was year compounded by the effects teachers’ absenteeism and translated this year by a national pass rate of 34. 33%10. strikes. To this, one can add: the unusual working and learning However, this trend hides many disparities and the efforts conditions which are outside the norms; the skills not provided by the various programmes to support the embedded in children, the novelty of the test format which education system. The acceptable results of the programmes relies on the APC while its ownership by the Teachers is still of the region of kédougou are sustained by a series of very weak, the insufficiency in the preparation of candidates, achievements and approaches. Monitoring data shows that the low level of supervision of teachers, etc. in the region of Kédougou the programmes focussed on activities that contributed to the creation of conducive conditions to the success of students in the CFEE exam, specifically the standardized tests11.
5 This rate is defined in the norms and standards of quality education and training: description of information systems DPRE-MEN, May 2014 6 Region de Kédougou (Missirah, Neteboulou, Bandafassi, Salemata) / Region de Tambacounda (Saraya, Fongo) / Region of Fatick (Fimela, Loul, Tattaguine, Niakhar, Thiapy, Mbella, Diakhao, Sine. / Region of Kolda (Sinthiang Koundara, Kandia, Paroumba, Kounkane, Patiana, Mampatim, Dabo and Basa / Region of Kaffrine (Mabo, Ndiognick, Kathiotte and Dioukoul) / Region of Diourbel (Thiapy). 7A cycle lasts 6 years and the programmes that are in their third cycle are: Sine, Thiapy, Kathiotte, Kounkane, Kandia, Sinthiang Koundara, NDiognick, Mabo, Niakhar, Diakhao, Mampatim, Fimela, Tattaguine 8 The programmes that are in their second cycle are: Basa, Loul, Patiana, Mbella, Dabo, Paroumba, Dioukoul 9 The programmes that are in the first cycle are t 10 Repot of CIM 2014 - 2015 VF of August 1st 2014. Ministry of Education 11 The standardized tests put students in real exam conditions. The analysis helps teachers to identify the students’ strengths and weaknesses and find remedial work measures before the exams 12 See the accumulation of the WV Senegal’s achievements
10 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. The lack of supervision for teachers with the 1. Use teachers cell meetings to facilitate capacity building for required tools has a bad effect on the students’ teachers performance. 2. Continue the collaboration with the school support structures on the basis of a partnership at regional level. 3. Adopt the project models like literacy boost.
Pillar 2 of PSE : Means to improve living conditions and the fight against social injustices (access to basic social services of quality, sustainable management of resources and balanced development of the territory, social protection of vulnerable groups).
Partnership objective : Increase of the number of children who can read (11 years)
MDG Target 3 : By the year 2015, M0.01 – Contribute to the improvement of quality education and give to all the children (boys and training for 122,260 students aged from 3 to 18 years. girls), everywhere in the world, the means to complete a full cycle of Child’s well-being outcomes : Children who can read, write and count primary studies
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 11 Analyses
The reading and comprehension capacity of a simple text is one of the high risk areas (3 programmes), moderate risk (3 programmes) and the most fundamental competencies that a child can acquire. The lack 2 programmes (Niakhar, Mbella) are still in the extreme risk area. Just of reading skills leads to failures at school and in life in general. The like the region of Fatick, the programmes of Kaffrine are in the high risk capacity to read and understand is measured with the FLAT tool of WVI. areas (Ndiognick) and moderate risk (Mabo) while the regions of Kolda It assesses the reading skills of students on a 6-level rating scale. Those and Tambacounda are still in the “extreme risk” area. who manage to reach level 5 or 6 are declared functionally literate. With regard to the comparison thresholds, which are WV Senegal’s The tool presented here helps to categorize the programmes in relation commitment, and the level of harnessing of basic mechanisms, proficiency to the risk level. Other thresholds such as WV Senegal’s commitment for in reading and comprehension of adapted texts, the situation is relatively this year (55%) and the level of harnessing basic mechanisms, proficiency good. Concerning the first, only 6/25 programmes have reached the in reading and understanding of the State adapted texts13 (80%) are threshold including 4 (Sine, Diakhao, Tattaguine, Fimela) located in the taken into account for comparison purposes. This assessment relates to region of Diourbel-Fatick and 2 (Mabo, Ndiognick) in the region of 25 programmes, (about 5,000 students, aged between 11 and 13 years, Kaffrine. No programme has managed to reach the second threshold from primary school education). of comparison. An approach based on the age of the programmes show that those in the third cycle are performing, followed by those of the Even if the overall trend is alarming because of the fact that almost all second cycle and first cycle. the programmes are still in the extreme risk zone, (WV threshold), it is worth noting that the regions as a whole made huge progress these The FLAT mapping of the regions shows an alarming situation but which last 3 years. Between FY12 (12%) and FY13 (29%) the programmes hides disparities that deserve a specific attention. Monitoring data shows recorded an increase of 17% while between FY13 and FY14 (42.69%), the enormous efforts deployed by the programmes to increase or boost the country recorded an increase of 13.31%. the rate of this indicator so as to follow last year’s recommendations . Among those efforts, the remedial plans are the cornerstones of Considering the thresholds of the FLAT tool no programme is to be interventions. It has been revealed that the programmes of the region found in the “relatively low risk” area, which means that the ratio of of Diourbel Fatick rolled out 102 remedial plans which could explain children who can read and understand under this programmes is their performance. Those regions are followed by the programmes of between 76 and 80%. The mapping opposite provides a classification of Tambacounda / Kédougou which have a total of 28 remedial plans while all the programmes in relation to the various thresholds. The regions the programmes of the region of Kaffrine and Kolda totalize respectively of Diourbel and Fatick are more into the high risk (3 programmes) 3 and 8 remedial plans. moderate risk ( 3 programmes) areas and 2 programmes (Niakhar, Mbella ) are still in the extreme risk area. Just like the region of Fatick, the The remedial plans are not enough by themselves, they are supported programmes of Kaffrine are in the high risk (Ndiognick) and moderate by other types of activities. The monitoring data indicates that the risk (Mabo) areas, whereas the regions of Kolda, Tambacounda and programmes have rolled out activities such as the students’ learning Kedougou are still in the “extreme risk area”. improvement plans (PAAE), the teachers’ in-service training plans (PFCSE), the setting up of reading corners, the creation of community Concerning the commitment of WVS and the national norm, the volunteers committed in the follow-up of the students outside the situation is relatively acceptable. For the first, only 6 out 25 programmes school system. The performances registered by the programmes have reached the threshold level, including 4 (Sine, Diakhao, Tattaguine, which are in their third cycle inform essentially of the solidity of the Fimela) situated in the regions of Diourbel and Fatick, and 2 (Mabo and partnership between these programmes and the pedagogical teams, the Ndiognick) in the region of Kaffrine. No programme has reached the IEF, IA and the community school support structures that have enabled second comparison threshold. A programme cycle approach shows that to roll out the remedial plans and other related activities. thise of the third cycle are the most efficient followed by those of the second and third cycles. The alarming situation which comes out from the mapping of the A mapping per region shows that the region of Fatick is more situated in programmes is like that of the country and that is what shows the 12th PDEF review which demonstrates that the basic competences in reading and maths are not embedded in among 70 % of the students in CP (Primary Two) and CE2 (Primary 4) which exposes them clearly to school failure15. This situation stems from several factors which are qualified as the ills of the education system but also deficit of supervision of students’ outside school where they spend most of their time. The overcrowded classrooms in some places, the shortage of qualified teachers, the deficit of text books, the absence of supervisory body etc., are as many factors plaguing the education system. In the community, children are faced with a lack of literate environment and of parents’ disengagement in supporting children’s learning outside the school.
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. The systematization of the evaluation of the 1. Keep on the monitoring of students with the FLAT tool. reading capacity with comprehension allows t 2. Systematize the remedial plans after each evaluation make good decision regarding remediation 3. Put in place community monitoring programmes for students.
13 Norms and quality standards in education and training: description of information systems. DPRE-MEN, May 2014 14 See recommendations of the CWB Report of last year. 15 Report of the twelfth PDEF review, April 2013.
12 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Amount WV Senegal’s major contributions Partners (USD) C2A - Children § 19 Plans of improvement of students’ learnings (PAAE) - CODEC read, write and use rolled out and assessed - National round table numeracy skills § 41 Remedial plans implemented. discussion on education. - Rural Councils § 37 Continuousin6service training and monitoring of - Education commission teachers (PFCSE) implemented and assessed Rural councils § 1073 teachers beneficiaries of a PFCS - CLEF § 1765 Teachers trained and using the acquired skills to 1 316 845 - UCGE teach reading and maths - CGE - APE/PTA § 783 teachers beneficiaries of training as supervisors - AME conducted by an Inspector (Elementary) - School governments § 80 reading corners put in place at the level of schools. § 52 Community volunteers engaged in school training and monitoring of students C2B - Children § 60 Emulation actions of schools are rolled out make good § 15 School libraries function with an animation plan . judgments, can protect § 90 Plans for the setting up and support for school themselves, grouping rolled out and assessed manage emotions, § 318 elementary schools with an operational school 157 585 and communicate government ideas § 11051 Children who participate in social and educational activities § 3714 Children who have benefitted from emulation activities. C2D - Children § 289 Schools who were supported with pedagogical access and material. complete basic § 30 Standardized tests supported for 17,845 students education § 747 Students who have participated in a learning improvement programmes outside the school. § 146 Pedagogical animation cells are supported § 348 Guides for teachers made available for schools 2 179 751 § 11170 Textbooks for students made available for schools. § 4081 Children who have benefitted from pedagogical materials. § 19 Learning improvement plans for students (PAAE) rolled out and assessed § 41 Remedial plans implemented. # Projects # Participating that have Sources of funding # Beneficiaries Staff contributed Support Offices: WV USA - WV U K - WV Canada - WV Boys 77.555 Korea - WV Australia - WV Germany - WV Switzerland. 24 33 Girls 78.575 Total 156.132
To maintain and improve performances, the programmes have worked in parallel to install the conditions for the sustainability of impacts. The table below summarizes the different strategies and interventions made to ensure sustainability conditions of the impact and preparation of a successful transition.
Local ownership Local partnership Advocacy for local and national The plans for capacity building of school Setting up of a community education network advocacy support structures. (RCE). Community Forum for the The plans for the improvement of Setting up of the PAQUEK partnership between enrolment of children and children’s learnings. programmes of Kédougou and the decentralized quality of learning. structures of the Ministry of Education. Evaluation of the students’ reading capacity with the FLAT tool which saw the participation of all the education community. World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 13 7.2 - Heath nutrition
M0.02 – Contribute to improve health and SO.2.1 – To contribute to the improvement access to health services for the children under five nutrition status of 197, years and women of child bearing age 000 children aged under SO.2.2 – To contribute to the reduction of malnutrition among children aged from 0 to 5 years. five years and 234, 000 SO.2.3 – Enhance HIV/AIDS prevention and the well-being of PLWHIV, EOS. women of childbearing SO.2.4 – To improve the coverage needs in terms of clean water for populations and in sanitation. age.
The strategic objective of improving the health status of children (iii) the lack of infrastructure and qualified health personnel; under 5 years and of mothers of child bearing age depends (iv) the low use of health services (particularly issues related to on issues related to maternal and infant mortality observed in reproductive health and child immunization programs). Senegal and the main causes of which are, factors related to behaviour, service supply, quality of care and cost of health In order to bring practical answers, WV Senegal has initiated services. Among those, we can mention among other things: through the 28 programmes and Health Grants, implemented (i) the low education level of mothers on key behaviours in technical interventions, the results of which, are presented terms of prevention of malnutrition among children; below and show the progress made during the year, but (ii) the low education level of mothers for the prevention and also and mainly highlights its contribution. In this regard, 05 management of childhood illness; low permanent access indicators have been selected in the framework of this report to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation in the living and relate to: environment;
• the early quest of care for the treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) ; • adequate immunization coverage of children from 0-11 months; • the proper management of diarrhoea among children under five years ; • the prevalence of underweight among children from 0-23 months; • hygiene through proper hand washing by parents and children’s guardians;
The results are presented below as well as lessons learned and major recommendations.
Pillar 2 of PSE: Means of improving living conditions and fighting against social injustices (access to basic social services and of quality, sustainable management of resources and balanced territorial development , social protection of vulnerable groups).
Partnership objective: Increase of the number of children protected against infections and diseases (0-5 years)
TARGET 5.A – Reduce by M0.01 – Contribute to the improvement of health and nutritional status of 197,000 three quarters, between children under five years and 234, 000 women of child bearing age. 1990 and 2015, the rate of maternal mortality CWB: Children are protected against infections and diseases
14 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Analyses
In Senegal, ARI and especially pneumonia, are one of the achieving the national goal of the Ministry of Health which is leading causes of children’s mortality. According to the 2013 set at 80%, which clearly demonstrates the need for additional DHS/EDS, in 53% of cases, treatment or advice was sought support. However, data monitoring programme have enabled from a health facility or healthcare provider. Similarly, the to note that 76% of the children under 5 years of age suffering search for a cure is more common in urban areas (63%) than from ARI were taken to a health facility. in rural areas (44%). The government’s national target is to have 80% of mothers who seek care from an appropriate An analysis of the data in relation to the location, has revealed structure for children under 5 suffering from ARI. that the programmes that are below the national average are mainly in the Areas of Kaffrine, Kédougou and Kolda. In By referring to the chart above, we note that the rates these regions, there is low health facility coverage that can vary from 35% (Mampatim) to 63% (Dabo). Out of the 28 provide care. This situation contributes in the reduction of programmes, 86% of them have reached or exceeded the geographical accessibility and, as such, causes a low rate of national target (33%). Among them only 7 programmes are attendance of existing health facilities. above the national average (53%). However, they are far from
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. The continuous capacity building of ASC in compliance 1. Involve community leaders and traditional healers during with norms and protocols leads to community trust training on ARI and sensitization for the quest of proper care vis-à-vis the community healthcare 2. Support health posts and huts with timer and 2. The long lasting drug stock outage reduces Cotrimoxazole attendance of health facilities 3. Support the training of DSDOM (home care provider) / 3. Capacitating and equipping DSDOM secure closeness Support the IEC /CCC plan for the promotion of research on of the service provided mainly during the rainy season care
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 15 Analyses
In Senegal, the expanded program on immunization (EPI/PEV) The best rates are observed in the area of Fatick where covers 11 diseases16. Following the immunization schedule, people have easy access to health posts and advanced all these vaccines must be administered to children before strategies are regularly carried out by health personnel. The the age of one year. The norm is that every child receives populations in the areas of Kolda, Kédougou are suffering the appropriate dose for their age according to the defined from a lack of access to health facilities, especially in the rainy periodicity. season. The same situation affects the ICP who cannot have access to some villages for advanced immunization strategy. The graph above shows the results on the percentage of This leads to inactivity of at least 3 months which causes children who received all the vaccines before their first a loss of adequate coverage. This situation has been made birthday. Observation has shown that 67% of the programmes more difficult by the stock outage of antigens which makes (16/24) are above the national average of 70%. Of these, 9 it impossible for children to complete their vaccine at the programmes exceed the 85% target set by the Government appropriate age. of Senegal.
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. The organization of communities helps to 1. Organize CBOs for the monitoring of the immunization ensure a better monitoring of the immunization status of children status of children 2. Support the ICP for mobility to the difficult access areas
16 Tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphteria, tetanos, measle, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae Infection type B, Pneumonia infections, measles, rubeola and yellow fever.
16 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Analyses
By their consequences, mainly dehydration and malnutrition, exceeded the national average. However, only 3 programs diarrheal disease are, directly or indirectly, one of the among them have exceeded the threshold of 80% set by leading cause of death among young children in developing the Partnership. Monitoring data shows that 59% of children countries. To fight against the effects of dehydration, WHO under 5 who have had diarrhoea for the last 2 weeks received recommends the generalization of Oral Rehydration Therapy proper treatment. (ORT), by advising the use of either a prepared solution from the contents of rehydration salts sachets by oral route (SRO) The 2013 DHS has noted that only 22% of children under 5 or a home prepared solution with water, sugar and salt. years of age who had diarrhoea in the 15 days preceding the survey received a home care made of SRO Zinc or house However, the problem of diarrhoea is perceived differently solution. The government’s objective is to have a management depending on the context. In most rural areas, diarrhoea is rate of 80% by the end of 2014. often considered as normal in children, and it is only when complications or signs of severity appear that parents seek Because of the programmes, we can say that the interventions care from health facilities. The contribution of World Vision carried out (talks, home visits ...) by the 1,053 trained is structured around CLTS, VAD research cases and mass community volunteers have greatly contributed to the results awareness. achieved. These results are also attributable to the PSSC which has ensured the functionality of the service in 305 The graph above shows the percentage of children under 5 health huts through the monitoring of SRO and Zinc stocks. years of age who had diarrhoea, in the 15 days preceding the The consequence is that no health structure has been subject survey, and received oral rehydration therapy. According to to any stock outage that lasted more than a week the findings, we have noted that 93% of the programmes have
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1.The ATPC approach reduces the prevalence of diarrhoea 1. Extend ATPC in all the programmes
Pillar 2 of PS : Means of improving living conditions and fighting against social injustices (access to basic social services of quality, sustainable management of resources and balanced territorial development, social protection of vulnerable groups).
P artnership objective: Increase the number of children protected against infections and diseases (0-5 years)
M0.01 – Contribute to the improvement of health and nutritional status of 197,000 children under 5 and 234, 000 women of child bearing age. TARGET 1.C – Reduce by half, between 1990 and 2015,the ratio of the population that CWB outcomes: Children are well-nourished suffers from hunger
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 17 Analyses
Normes de < 10% Acceptable Vert Since 2013, all the programs have had a prevalence rate l’OMS pour la 10-19% Précaire Jaune lower than the national average (16%). The PRN report classification was used as a baseline for collecting nutrition data because de Insuffisance 20-29% Préoccupant Orange it is the flagship programme in force in Senegal to fight Pondérale Critique Rouge Globale >30% against malnutrition.
The classification rates obtained in the different levels The determinants of malnutrition are many17. In our identified by WHO, help to note that 84% of the situation, the most recurrent causes of malnutrition programme are in an acceptable situation, against only among children are related to inadequate food quality and 16% which are in a precarious situation. quantity, and infectious diseases, especially diarrhoea. For these reasons, World Vision has implemented activities Considering the programs based on their life cycle, we contained in a project model (PECIME/C). That project find that the lowest rates are observed in the older is composed of nutritional surveillance and weight programmes that have implemented the PRN since its monitoring through monthly weighing, community based first phase. The interventions that have contributed to distribution (micronutrients, vit A supplementation, the attainment of these outcomes relate primarily to the deworming), and IEC / CCC activities. strengthening of nutrition sites, training of community The graph above shows the nutritional status of children, as stakeholders on the PECIME/C and CIP. The talks relating measured by the Index Weight for Age in 19 programmes to the 16 key behaviours of PCIME-C, the promotion out of 28, or 68% of the programmes. This index is the one of essential care of the new-born18, supplementation of that is most often used by the nutrition programmes for children with Vit A (6-59 months), deworming of children tracking the nutritional progress and growth of children. with Mebendazole (12-59 months). Just like the weight-for-height, this index is sensitive to seasonal variations. Underweight is a composite indicator that reflects at the same time chronic malnutrition and acute malnutrition. Low weight-for-age can be caused by thinness as well as by stunting.
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. The involvement of traditional healers in the 1. Increase coverage in nutrition sites in all the programmes and nutrition programmes promotes the teams and equip them with IEC materials and tools adoption of key behaviours 2. Facilitate the training supervision of community volunteers to secure the traceability of data 3. Support the LQAS organization and active screening of acute malnutrition in all the programmes 4. Strengthen the setting of children’s granaries
17Access to safe, nutritive and varied food, access to drinkable water and sanitation. Food practices, The family sizes and short birth spacing interval. 18 Early breastfeeding, umbilical cord care, temperature control.
18 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Analyses
Hand washing with soap is one of the most efficient and most mothers and guardians wash their hands with water but very cost effective means of preventing diarrheic diseases, which few of them use soap at critical times20 . are the leading cause of most of the deaths among children under 5 years. This qualitative indicator is measured to assess In general, the results obtained were satisfactory with respect the impact of IEC / CCC actions related to disease prevention, to the strategic commitment. The great majority of programmes faecal-oral transmission. World Vision Senegal has set an 80% (20/28, or 71%) have a rate higher than or equal to 80%. The coverage target for this indicator. Embedding this simple lowest rates have been observed in the ADPs of Neteboulou, practice in the habits of the populations can reduce children’s Mbella, Ndiognick and Missirah, which more than 20 points of mortality. According to UNICEF, hand washing with soap could the 80% target. significantly contribute to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goal for development aiming at reducing by two The overall good performance of the programmes can be thirds, by 2015, the number of deaths of children under five explained by the existence of several GRANTs that develop years (MDG 4). At global level, the rates of hand washing with many IEC activities in the framework of the promotion hand soap at critical time is around 34%. washing. However, it has been noted that in the programmes that have the lowest rates, the use of soap is not done systematically. This graph shows the proportion of parents who have a The availability of soap is not a major obstacle but it is more 19 suitable hand washing behaviour . It has been observed that used for laundry and toilets.
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. Soap even if it is available at household level, it is not 1. Systematize ATPC in all its programmes always used for handwashing 2. Intensify the IEC/CCC campaigns on hand washing
Major contributions of WV Senegal Amount ($) Partners C1A – 483 Nutrition sites are equipped in weighting materials for children’s · • Child Fund. Children are nutritional and weight monitoring. • Plan Int. • Africare. well nourished 14,592 children and their mothers participate regularly in SNP activities at • ENDA Health. the level of the sites set up with the support of WV Senegal. • ENDA Graf. 1,062 Health volunteers (relays) trained on PCIME/C • CRS. • Unit against 1,358 Talks relating to the 16 Key behaviours of PCIME / C held with the 3 443 796 Malnutrition. populations. • ARAF. 35,097 children aged12-59 months dewormed during the national days and campaigns of Micronutrients. 37,314 Children aged 6-59 months supplemented in Vit A during the national days and campaigns of Micronutrients
C1B – 278 solidarity circles of pregnant women and 145 groups of grandmothers Children are set up to promote the use of health facility services during the monitoring protected of pregnancies and delivery against 1,053 Health volunteers (Relays) trained on prevention and management of infections and diarrhoea. diseases. 1 308 321 338 Health facilities (Posts and Huts) supported in the purchase of Cotrimoxazole and ORT. Support in the purchase of ORT in 338 health posts and huts Participation in the national days (Fight against AIDS, hand washing …)
C1C – The 91 Health post supported with fuel in the framework of the advanced children and strategies (vaccination, consultations, CPN…) their parents 7,388 LLIN put in place in the framework of malaria prevention for & guardians pregnant women. have access to essential health 91 Health structures (Posts, Huts ) capacitated in care equipment 1 483 482 services 39 Health mutual organization benefitted from various capacity building actions. 21,581 children and their mothers beneficiaries of care through their membership in health mutual association. # Projects # Staff that have Sources of funding # beneficiaries participants contributed Support Offices: WV USA - WV UK – WV Germany - WV Canada - WV Korea Boys 78 800 - WV Australia - WV France - WV Switzerland. 43 Other donors : World Bank (PRN) – USAID (PSSC) - Micronutrient Initiatives 24 Girls 118 200 (SMNIC) - Global Fund (TB) Total 197 000
19 Handwashing with soap at critical times, for example, after using the toilets and after helping a child use the toilets and before manipulating food. 20 For example, after using the toilets and after helping a child use the toilets and before manipulating food. World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 19 Pour maintenir et améliorer les performances, les programmes ont parallèlement travaillé à installer les conditions de durabilité des impacts. Ce tableau ci-dessous récapitule les différentes stratégies et interventions faites pour assurer les conditions de durabilité de l’impact et de préparation d’une transition réussie.
Resilience & Risk Local ownership Local partnership mitigation Decentralization policy Operational plan of health Joint planning and joint funding which has made of health a districts which is the of immunization and national transferred competence to participatory framework days activities between the local communities of local stakeholders in the health authority and health planning and implementation committees and other stakeholders . Operationality of management Universal health coverage committees which are which ensure free medical care participatory management for all the children under 5 practice including health years service users. Operationality of Mutual Health organizations that facilitate access to care and services for families Functionality of Health mutual associations which facilitates access to care and services for families.
7.3 Leadership & local governance
M0.03 – Contribute SO.3.1 – Children, women and vulnerable groups are capacitated, protected and involved in the to the emergence of a decision making process and for the higher interest of the child strong local leadership of local organizations SO.3.2 – Good governance is promoted at the level of local communities through an improved and children capacitated system and adequate procedures and planning for the well-being of the child in 65 local communities.
Leadership and local governance are major concerns of World Vision Senegal. They contribute to the establishment of a socio- cultural and institutional frameworks conducive to the child’s fulfilment and protection. The main problems which WV and its partners are trying to address are the low participation of people in the management of local affairs through community-based organizations, the weaknesses in implementing controls, the lack of functional consultation framework and the weakness in local planning.
To do this, the programmes are working to take into account the communities’ concerns, particularly those of women, children and vulnerable groups and whose progress are measured in this contribution report to the well-being of the child through 4 indicators:
• Teenagers that have a strong tie with their parent or guardians, • Teenagers who know the presence of mechanisms to receive and respond to abuse, neglect, exploitation or violence against children, • Teenagers who declare having birth registration documents, • Teenagers who said that they are fully enjoying their lives.
20 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Les résultats sont présentés par ordre décroissant d’ancienneté des programmes dans les graphiques qui suivent et permettent de tirer des leçons appropriées et des recommandations.
Pillar 3 of PSE: Performance Factors, of social cohesion and stability (Promotion of good governance, strengthening peace and security).
P artnership Objective: All the children (B/G) have been subject to an increase of well-being (12 – 18 years).
M0.03 – Contribute to the emergence of a strong local leadership, of local organizations and capacitated children in 65 local communities. CWB outcomes: Children who are taken care of in a community family environment that is loving and safe and where children can enjoy CWB outcomes: Children who are taken care of in a community family environment that themselves in full security. is loving and safe and where children can enjoy themselves in full security.
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 21 Analyses
The strong tie with the parent or guardian involves several dimensions, among other things, affection, support and The ADPs of Saraya, Sinthiang Koundara, Patiana, Fongolimbi, participation. This strong bond is one of the essential bulwarks Salémata and Tomboronkoto have the lowest rates 19 to 21%. for youth development in a community environment free One of the reasons observed is the strong youth occupation from neglect, abuse, exploitation and abuse. That is why WV in the economic activities (traditional gold mining, field Senegal’s national strategy for this year, has set itself a target works weekly markets, etc…), which deprives them of any of 60% of teenagers in the intervention areas. associative life and reduces their leisure and discussion times.
Compared with FY13, where only 9 programmes reported The ADPs of Sine, Kathiotte and MBella, where the tie is on this indicator, this year 28 programmes have reported stronger could be explained by the low prevalence of those on the situation, with 7 which are above the 25% target. plagues. This is besides the areas where the youth say they However, it is important to note the performance supported are in full development and fully satisfied with their lives by almost all the 9 programmes between FY13 and FY14 (Graph 10). with a top record achieved by the Mbella programme, which goes from 48 to 66%. In Senegal, culture wise, boys are relatively much more valued than girls because they are seen as heirs, but this is changing, in the The lack of communication between parents and teenagers framework of the implementation of activities. Mr Papa Sadouba came from the gradual abandonment of spaces of «exchange Fofana, Adja Fofana’s father expressed himself in these words: «In and dialogue» such as the palaver tree, cultural fellowship the past, after the end of the school year, our children’s activities activities (wrestling, dance, etc.) and discussion time within were limited only to helping us in the field works or to drive the the family replaced by television, seem to play a major role in cattle in the pasture lands during the day. This exposed them to various types of dangers. No wide-scale recreational activity this situation. There is also the pressure in the daily quest of has been initiated in the village as far as I can remember. The money to provide for the essential family needs, which brings sponsorship organized by World Vision and in which my daughter teens to be inserted early in working life (small business) at ADJA FOFANA is taking part, helped her, during a 15-day holiday, the expense of education. with her peers to learn a lot about civic values and develop the sharing and solidarity spirit. Lessons of life and hygiene which she acquired enabled her to adopt a better behaviour, pay greater The 12 programmes that display less than 30% are known for attention to personal care. She also developed new knowledge, their low school enrolment, child labour in traditional gold and is more interested in school. Today, she has become more mining, weekly markets and trans border trade. respectful, more caring, wiser and more disciplined. She has even participated in the holidays remedial sessions organized at the In addition, the practice of female genital mutilation and early village level. She can even talk in public, sing in other languages with her peers. Today, my daughter can describe the process by marriage, puts girls in trauma which destroys any confidence which one can get a birth certificate and where to go to get it. I they had vis-à-vis their parents regarding the confidence am very appreciative of these kinds of organizations conducive to concerning existential issues related to puberty. On the social and intellectual development of our children.» whole, teenagers create their own dialogue space and often find substitutes for the lack of communication with parents.
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. The absence of a framework for exchange annihilates 1. Promote intergenerational dialogue through the promotion any communication action between the generations. of cultural activities re-fostering the ties 2. Early job for youth creates premature empowerment 2. Focus on the construction process of the social which stops the need to maintain ties with the parent infrastructure 3. Culture and environment have an influence on parents/ 3. Promote adapted participation of youths to management children relationships instances of community issues
22 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Pillar 3 of the PSE : Performance factors, social cohesion and stability (Promotion of good governance, strengthening of peace and security).
P artnership objective : All the children (B/G) have been subject to an increase of well-being (12 – 18 years).
M0.03 – Contribute to a strong local leadership of local organizations and children capacitated in 65 local communities. I.C Target - Reduce by half, between 1990 and 2015, the ratio of the population suffering from hunger CWB outcomes: Children are given more consideration by others and within their environment.
Analyses
Children’s birth registration at birth is still a major challenge in rural areas. Thanks to the help of our technical and financial partners and to the more pronounced political will of the Government of Senegal, some efforts have been made for a better management of the issue of the birth registrations. However, the behaviour of the populations, relating to the issue of birth declaration, as illustrated by the latest data on the birth registration in Senegal, from the demographic health survey of 2010- 2011 (EDS/MICS 2010-2011), show that in Senegal one quarter of the population is not yet registered at the birth registry centre. This rate is higher among the under 18 years. The government of Senegal is carrying out a modernization of the birth registry system and the revision of the family code so as to facilitate birth registrations systems.
All the ADPs have rates higher than the national target set at 40%. However, 18% of the programmes are below the national target of WV Senegal which is of 60%.
For 71% of the programmes, 29% of teenagers declared having birth certificates. This situation can be explained by the fact that there is no control on the said documents, on the one hand, but on the other hand it also shows that teenagers are aware of the importance of having a birth certificate.
In fact, the poor conservation of birth certificates by parents, the remoteness of the birth registry centres in some areas and ignorance are often at the origin of the shortcomings. A situation which prevents a good number of children to further their studies, when the exam period comes in.
These observed shortcomings are being more and more harnessed by the strengthening of the community mechanism of birth registration and by the on-going efforts of informing and modernizing the birth registry system.
In this regard, 638 CBOs members were trained on the children’s rights and protection so as to better focus on the importance of the children’s rights, in particular on the birth declaration.
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 23 Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. Social mobilizations have enabled to boost this indicator. 1. Systematize the holding of village birth registers in all the Teenagers are becoming more and more aware of the villages and put in place a feedback mechanism of the birth need to have a birth certificate. register from the village to the secondary birth registry centre. 2. The involvement of all the stakeholders (health, 2. Involve health staff and Imams (Islamic religious leaders) in the education, religious) helps to have an efficient promotion of birth registration. registration of births.
Pillar 3 of PSE: Performance factors, of social cohesion, and stability (Promotion of good governance, strengthening of peace and security ).
Partnership objective: All the children (B/G) enjoy an increase in well-being (12 – 18 years).
M0.03 - Contribute to the emergence of a strong local leadership of local organizations and of children capacitated in 65 local communities. CIBLE 1.C - Réduire de moitié, entre 1990 et 2015, la proportion de la population qui souffre de la faim CWB Outcomes: Children who are full of hope and confident in their future.
24 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Analyses
This indicator identifies the proportion of adolescents who have This indeed explains the rationale underlying all the actions virtually no health problems and who are neither stressed nor sad undertaken this year. no sorry about their lives. Therefore, it is about teenagers who are happy, respected and who actively participate in their family and In the programmes of Sine, Kathiotte, Ndiognick and Mbella, this community. There are three levels of well-being: strong and stable, rate which turns around from 49 to 46% has been made partly moderate and unstable, low and at high risk. possible thanks to the intervention in the facilitation to access to basic social services, the creation of income generating activities The concepts of «happiness» and «satisfaction» are relative and (IGA), access to education, and the contribution of parents in the depend largely on the context of administration of the survey. management of their children. Teenagers always have a negative perception of harmful cultural practices which they are victims. Psychosis created by the feeling In this regard, monitoring has revealed that10, 955 adolescents and of insecurity in the community environment (snake bites, related to 8,307 parents were trained on children’s rights and participation, so darkness and cultural beliefs such as witchcraft) promotes the lack as to sensitize and involve adolescents in the management of their of satisfaction. well-being.
On the whole, the lack of real economic opportunity, the worst In the same context (Fatick area) in 2013, the highest percentage forms of child labour, sexual abuses (female genital mutilation, early was 68% compared to 49% for 2014, or a decrease of 18%, while in marriage and pregnancy) for the girls are as many factors that reflect the area of Vélingara, the percentage goes from 5% to 15%. In that of this level of lack of satisfaction for youth. If, to this, is added the hard Kédougou, 3% to 29% and in that of Kaffrine 13% to 49 %. harvest works, the perception is greatly undermined. That is why, the 13 ADPs which are characterized by their high rural nature (rurality), In the Senegalese culture, mainly in rural area, the society is divided the presence of many big weekly markets and their cross border in age groups and communication is not effective between individuals nature, are prone to accommodate children from neighbouring who belong to those age groups. In the 28 programmes, 50% of boys countries transiting with their marabouts towards big cities to swell have closer relationships with their parents than girls 35%. “The boy the flow of talibés. is more valued as he is considered as the heir while the girl belongs to her husband’s family.” The participation of teenagers in the decision making instances and structures is an important element of the feeling of satisfaction. It The 350 children’s clubs were set up in 20 programmes to encourage translates the recognition and consideration which create, among children’s participation and sensitization on children’s rights and youth, feelings of importance, of belonging to a society, which cares spiritual strengthening of children. As such, 2,037 adolescents, about their opinions. Moreover, the need to create conditions, for members of the children’s club had the opportunity to socialize and teenagers change in perception regarding their future, is essential. interact with their peers.
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1.The economic pressure on families strongly affects the 1.Facilitate the creation of an intergenerational discussion and level of satisfaction of youths.. exchange framework.. 2. The data collection period (harvest time). The harvest 2. Encourage children’s participation in anything relating to their period has an influence on the adolescents’ lives, especially taking their opinions into account perception of well-being 3. Build parents capacities in terms of income generating activities 3. Culture and environment have an influence of the (World Vision, RC/CR and other partners) relationships between parents and children
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 25 Analyses
In Senegal, children account for a little more than half of the Of the 28 programmes, only three ADPs exceeded the 2014 population. They are among the most vulnerable layers of society, commitment which is set at 55%, while in 2013, 7 out of 9 especially girls because they are more exposed to abuses such as programmes exceeded the commitment of 50%. This result is early pregnancy, marriage, rape etc. mainly due to several socio-cultural and economic factors, as living conditions in rural areas are becoming Child protection involves to some extent empowering this to more and more difficult and lead parents ensure participate in their own protection. This requires, among other the essential needs of their children, including things: education.
• The capacity of children to identify the abuse signs; One hundred and eighty seven (187) local early warning • The knowledge of formal or informal mechanisms (CDPE, CAVE, Mechanisms on abuse, neglect and violence against children have Police or gendarmerie, health facilities, Village heads / Head of been put in place in 11 programmes. Of the 190 functional CAVEs districts, Religious leaders, Administrative authorities, Parents, in 14 programmes, 40 cases of abuse have been subject to referrals NGO). It is in this prospect that WVS, following the wake of the and 37 case have been subject to monitoring. Twenty three (23) National Strategy for the Protection of the Child (SNPE) has put out of the 65 local communities have mainstreamed children’s in place 190 CAVEs in 14 ADPs. These community structures of participation and protection in their local development plan (LDP) prevention and response to violence and abuses aim at ensuring medical, psychosocial and legal support to the victim child. • In Brasan in the commune of Sabodala, a 15 year old girl who had just However, despite these efforts, there is still an important number of passed the BFEM exam was given in forced marriage to a farmer in the communities to cover in the setting up of these structures, which village of Mako. But the ambitious girls, well aware of what is awaiting her, translates by the coverage rate of the CAVEs which is about 7%. and after several sensitizations campaigns in which she had taken part decided not to let it go. She refused to consummate t This explains the low level of teenagers’ knowledge. Indeed, most he marriage and took a bush taxi with the option of “payment upon arrival” of the villages surveyed have not benefited from CAVE where the at Brasan in Kédougou. Once in Kédougou, she asked to meet Mrs Diaby, process is in its nascent stage. Furthermore, the lack of protection the manager of the SCOFI, who referred her to the AEMO with the support structures at Community level, the lack of communication and the of World Vision. Upon authorization from AEMO, mediation was initiated. The insufficiency of a strong tie noted above, are the cause of the non- girl’s, uncle was summoned to come, as well as the husband, and the operation of traditional response mechanisms to maltreatment in wedding was cancelled. The girl’s father, who lived in France, was informed and sensitized and as such decided to transfer her daughter to Dakar. She is the communities. now in first year of junior high school and in the science stream after winning a scholarship for excellent students granted by the SONATEL Foundation.
Lessons learned Practical Recommendations
1. Low level of communication 1.Sensitize parents on the importance of monitoring children at home. between parents and children 2.Train peer education to raise awareness among youth 3. Further disseminate CAV
26 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Major contributions of World Vision Senegal Cost USD Partners Children grow with § 325 sensitization sessions on children’s rights, participa- § Government of awareness and tion targeting children in 17 programmes Senegal experience in the 204 932 love of God and in an § 350 children’s clubs set up in 20 programmes. environment which § Municipal Council recognizes their freedom § Members of CAVE Children who have § 190 Functional CAVE in14 ADPs positive relationships § 326 sensitization sessions targeting parents § with their peers, the FBOs members of their § 187 Local mechanisms of early warning systems on abus- families and of their es, neglect and violence against children were put in place § CBOs communities in 11 programmes 1 316 643 § Youth groups § 2,064 teenagers trained on prevention against abuse and sexual exploitation § Children’s clubs § 40 Abuse referral cases and 37 were subject to monitor- ing § Village Heads Children who give § 2,037 adolescents, members of the children’s clubs have § Gendarmerie Brigade importance to others the opportunity to socialize and interact with their peers. 94 838 and the environment § 350 Functional kids clubs in 20 ADPs and who care about it § CLPE. Children who are § 638 CBOs members were trained on children’s rights and § AEMO taken care of in a protection loving and safe family § 82% of adolescents said that they have birth certificates in § Social action service and community 20 programmes out of the 28 environment, where 897 569 they can play and § 7,362 parents were sensitized on birth registration in12 enjoy themselves in full programmes security. § 187 Local mechanisms of early warning systems on abuses, neglect and violence against children. Children who are § 23 Local communities out of the 65 have integrated partici- respected stakeholders pation and protection of children in their LDP. in the decision making 768, 978 § 10.955 adolescents and 8,307 parents were trained on chil- of concern to them dren’s rights and participation # Projects that have # Staff Funding Sources # beneficiaries contributed participants § Support Offices: WV USA - WV UK - WV Canada - WV Boys Korea - WV Australia - WV France - WV Switzerland. Girls 32 15 Total
To maintain and improve performances, the programmes have worked in parallel to create the conditions of impact sustainability. The table below summarizes the various strategies and interventions made to ensure conditions of impacts sustainability and preparation of a successful transition.
Local and national Local ownership Local Partnership Evolution of relationships advocacy Partnership approaches, of The partnership established Awakening and training The emergence of early local committees for child between the CAVE and children, youths and adults warning and watchdog protection (CLPE) are put formal structures of has enabled communities to committees for the in place. It is a multi-sector defence of physical and better apprehend challenges prevention and community framework involving the moral integrity of people, related to children’s management of cases of public and private sector mainly gendarmerie, has protection and to make violence, maltreatment and and civil society enabled to make referrals ownership of programmes’ abuse of some children and monitor the referred interventions in this area cases
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 27 7.4 Livelihood & Food Security
M0.04 – Contribute in the improvement SO.4.1 – Contribute to the expansion, diversification and stabilization of households’ incomes of environmental opportunities protection, food SO.4.2 – Capacity building of communities to better manage natural resources, forecast and security and income for manage natural disasters 115,900 households in 6 regions of Senegal. SO.4.3 – Improve food security of vulnerable households.
In the field of improving households’ livelihood means, WV Senegal’s contribution to the child’s well-being is assessed inthe programmes through four (04) indicators which measure the level of attainment of the strategic objective specified below. In fact the attainment of this commitment contributes to the reduction of households’ vulnerability which is a major bottleneck in rural areas of Senegal. The resilience level of households is assessed through the source of secondary income, the disaster risk reduction strategy, food needs coverage and adolescents’ access to food. The results are presented by decreasing order of age of programmes in the following graphs.
Pillar 1 of PSE: Employment engine and social inclusion (Promotion of commercial Agriculture and modernization of small scale or family farming).
Partnership objective: All the children (B/G) show an increase of well-being (12 – 18 years).
M0.03 – Contribute to the emergence of a strong local leadership of local organizations TARGET 1.C – Reduce by and children capacitated in 65 local communities. half, between 1990 and 2015, the ratio of the population CWB Outcomes: Parents and teachers who take good care of their children. suffering from hunger
28 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Analyses
The improvement of the proportion of households that have The interventions of World Vision have enabled the training a secondary source of income aimed at making households of 35 Micro Entrepreneurs involved in the development and resilient with regard to shock which might make them lose marketing of forest products, 126 cattle breeders derived their their major source of income but also to increase the income income from milk production facilities, 1105 are engaged in of households so that they become more capable of ensuring the processing of local products and 1753 producers received children’s well-being through better feeding and management technical support in growing sectors. of their needs in health and education. The strategic objective of WVS for the year 2014 was to raise to 45% the number of The good performance of the ADP of Thiapy can be accounted households that have a secondary source of income. for by several factors; its life cycle, the structure of households’ income sources, the buoyancy noted in the “baol-baol21” This indicator shows the percentage of parents or guardians, community known as very good business oriented people. with children aged from 0 to 18 years, who declare that their The situation of the ADPs of the regions of Kédougou (Saraya, households have at least an alternative source of income on Tomboron, Fongolimbi and Salemata) and Tambacounda which to count if the major source of income is lost due to a (Missirah and Neteboulou) is characterized by traditional gold shock or disaster. mining activities which provide several opportunities of sources of incomes. In that regard, WVS has put in place during the fiscal year 2014 a set of interventions to multiply and diversify the opportunities of income creation less dependent on the vagaries of the weather. The actions relate essentially to (i) training producers and entrepreneurs; (ii) financing community economic initiatives by proper financial services (saving, credit union).
The analysis of the results of the evaluation on the proportion of households that have a secondary source of income has shown that for an objective of 45% the average for all the ADPs The bigger ratio of households with a secondary source of indicates 53.1%. income in the central area in relation to the southern sub area and corresponding to the region of Kolda is first due The results of the 21 ADPs that implement livelihood projects to structural factors connected to its landlocked nature, the (13 for the central area and 8 for the south area) indicates in infrastructure and poor market access. the whole that 11 out of 21have not reached the objective. The This has been revealed by summary note n°3 of the 10 ADPs that exceed the objective with a rate from 53% to RURALSTRUC II22 programme and the CWB report of 2013. 73% are in the central area (peanut basin). The 8 ADPs of the This situation is a real bottleneck which makes of the southern south area (region of Kolda) are all under the target of 50% region one of the poorest in Senegal (with two households out (between 49 and 16%). Three (03) ADPs in the centre, Loul, of three below the poverty threshold)23. Then WV Senegal’s Diakhao and Mabo are below 50%. Compared to the results interventions in the central area with the support of SEMFIN / of the previous year, the proportion of households that have a Vision Fund has enabled to boost the development of economic secondary income in 2014 is on the decrease for 5 ADPs who initiatives encouraged by the proximity and accessibility of provided reports in 2013 and in progress for the 9 ADPs who markets composed by the great urban centres of Kaolack, reported in 2012. Mbour, Dakar, Thiés and Touba.
Lessons learned Practical recommendation
1.Access to markets promotes the development of IGA 1. Enhance production infrastructures through the analysis of the value chains and access to markets 2. Self-organized savings and SEMFIN/Vision Fund service supply facilitate the diversification of income 2. Increase the AVEC savings groups in the programmes sources
21 Name given to the economic operators of the natural region of Baol in Senegal and who initiate or develop business mostly in the informal sector 22 According to which, in the peanut basin, the crisis of the main agricultural crop (peanuts), the advanced degradation of the major natural resource (soil) and less favourable climate conditions have, among other factors, contributed to the relative decline of agriculture for the benefit of the non-agricultural sector sustained by the activities such as handicraft, transport, migration, etc. On the other hand, Moyenne Casamance (including Kolda) is still landlocked, in relation to the rest of the country, poorly connected to markets, with very little equipment in socio-economic infrastructures and is faced with permanent insecurity due to the conflict in Casamance. Source « Structural changes in agriculture and in the rural area in Senegal. Final report of the second phase of the RULALSTRUC programme – Executive summary (June 2009) 22 http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ruralstruc 23 Source « Poverty and households differentiation - programme RURALSTRUC II – Summary notes n°3
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 29 Analyses
The analysis of the graph shows that the 50% target is dependent on the vagaries of the weather, encourages far from being achieved; the mean indicates that on the savings mobilization at local level for the formation of whole only 5.36% of parents or guardians who have their own capital and facilitates people’s access to business suffered a shock were able to cope or to use positive development service and to micro credit. As part of the coping strategies. Apart from the two ADPs of Basa (29%) BDS project, the creation and proximity support of CDE and Saraya (31%), all the remaining 25 ADPs are between have promoted community ownership of the project zero and 13% of parents or guardians who have developed approach. Moreover, the partnership with the microfinance positive strategies in front of shocks. Developed secondary institutions, such as SEMFIN / VFS, led to the funding sources of income are not sufficient enough to enable of economic activities. To access SEMFIN credit, 6698 households to cope with unexpected events. customers including 63% women saved 100 387 769 FCFA. The amount of loans granted this year is 1 248 659 200 The high rate of Saraya can be explained by the diversity FCFA for the benefit of 6 698 customers including 4226 of income opportunities through activities that revolve women (63.1%). Such a funding ahs had some effects on around traditional gold mining. For Basa, its proximity with 24 672 children belonging to households beneficiaries of border countries also provides business opportunities. micro finance activities initiated by SEMFIN/VISION FUND Moreover, for the ADP of Basa we have noted the setting Senegal. up of three solidarity granaries at the community level which has enabled nearly 170 households to reduce the The financing of development projects such as market harmful effects of the lean period (3 months). gardening perimeters and the setting up of AVEC, are interventions that empower communities and enhance This general vulnerability trend of WV Senegal’s their resilience. Thanks to WV Senegal’s programmes, 1637 intervention areas, is a reflection of the results of the women members of AVEC are engaged in petty trade out vulnerability surveys reported by AGVSAN 201424 : The of the 3223 women members of AVEC put in place. Thus, prevalence of poverty and vulnerability in rural areas is due the ratio of AVEC women engaged in the production mainly to decreasing agricultural productivity and a lack of and marketing of staple food commodities is as follows structuring investment25. based on the ADPs: 37% in Kathiote, 9% in Kandia, 76% in St Koundara, 30% in Mabo, , 42% in Mamepatim, 10% in To help address this phenomenon, WVS multiplies and Patiana and 17% in Paroumba. diversifies income generating opportunities that are less
24 Is vulnerable the person or household « which we can consider as people that various shocks (economic , ecologic, health , etc.) can easily throw into poverty, are also more present in rural area comparatively with other milieu » Source : Poverty dynamics in Senegal – Chronic poverty, transitional poverty and vulnerability. May 2011 25 AGVASN 2014
30 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. Setting up and proximity support for BDS promotes 1. Disseminate the BDS approach (self-management) and AVEC community’s ownership of interventions for the promotion of self-organized savings and self-financing
Analyses
The above indicator shows the ratio of adolescents who often the south area, the difficulties of having access to markets for the go to bed at night on an empty stomach for about twice a week sale of products and poor access to finance. or more. It also shows the level and scope of hunger among adolescents aged 12 -18 years old. As can be seen on the Thanks to WVSenegal’s programmes, 30 188 tons of cereals have graph, the rates vary from 8% to 61.6% for all the programmes. been stored in cereal banks for the sake of 7661 households that However, the southern area26 has a more critical situation due to registered including 1848 vulnerable households. Moreover, 623 the high rates of 39% (Sinthiang , Koundara) to 62%(Basa). The vulnerable households have used the management mechanism lowest rates are noted in the ADPs of Thiapy, 8%, Ndiognik, 8% regarding malnourished children. and Neteboulou 10%.. The rehabilitation of roads and trails initiated by the Senegalese These results follow the same trend as that of availability of a government will certainly contribute to opening up rural areas secondary source of income. WV Senegal’s contribution to build and facilitate their access to markets. Besides, the re-launch of the capacity of households to provide food for their children, the activities of SEMFIN Vision Fund could be instrumental by strengthening and diversifying the opportunities of income in improving the impact of WV Senegal’s interventions in the generation that are less dependent on the vagaries of the southern area as is already the case in the central area. weather, is relevant. But it is hampered by the landlockedness of
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. Access to micro finance services /products promotes 1. Develop local value chains and access to markets. decision making to diversify households’ resources. 2. Develop AVEC in all the ADPs.
26 Directorate of the analysis, forecasts and agricultural statistics (Ministry of Agriculture and rural equipment) World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 31 Analyses
This indicator shows the percentage of parents or guardians has deteriorated following the drop in cereal production who say that in the 12 months preceding the survey available (DAPSA27) and low households’ income. Surveys carried out by food was in short supply or was limited. The objective of the RuralStruct-II programme indicate that «households with reducing to 35% the ratio of households that experienced one the lowest income levels are characterized by having generally or several months of hunger has not been achieved. only two sources of income, that come from crops and self- employment, which remain modest”28.
Despite the alternatives provided by the programmes (543 Possible solutions would be through proper investments, water producers have used certified quality seeds) during the harnessing, availability of quality seeds and adapted to the rainfall previous agricultural campaign, 1818 producers derived part conditions, the organization of producers and production of their income from agricultural developments and 1753 around identified value chains in promising sectors, the creation producers received technical support in growing sectors. of a link with suppliers, customers and market information. The main observation is that the households’ food coverage
Lessons learned Practical recommendations
1. The structural decline of the cereal production 1. Focus on the development of cereal productions, reduces the effects of the interventions
To maintain and improve performances, the programmes have simultaneously worked to make the impacts more sustainable. The Table summarizes the various strategies and interventions carried out to ensure conditions to make the impacts sustainable and to prepare for a smooth transition.
27 2013/2014 Agriculrural campaign 28 http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ruralstruc ( The diversification of income sources and activities is a differentiating factor between households) In Upper and Middle Casamance, rural households that are doing well are those that have good agricultural performance and diversify their sources of incomes (livestock activities, self-employment, non-agricultural wage labor, rents (land rentals) and migration (private transfers). While crops provide the main source of income for most households, incomes are diversified in Casamance, it is the income from livestock that provides the second source of income. In the groundnut basin, the situation is different and the level of income increases according to the level of diversification of activities and sources of income. Thus, households in the highest quintile have several income sources - at least four or five- from crops, livestock, self-employment activities, salaries (mostly non-agricultural) and private transfers; as for the poorest households, they derive their livelihood only from two major sources of income at most that can vary based on their opportunities.
32 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 Amount Major contributions of World Vision Senegal Partners ($) C4B - Parents or 1, 753 producers have received technical support in the promising •· CommunesCommunes. caregivers provide sectors well-being for their 144 people are trained on the processing techniques of agricultural •· CADLCADL. children and forest products, •· SDDRSDDR. 84 are trained on the processing techniques of products of animal origin. 228 people are trained on the diagnostic method of local development opportunities (DEL) and/or GERME (better manage your company) 492 people have increased their profit margins, 767 producers are not affiliated to professional organizations, 543 producers have used quality seeds (certified ) during the previous agricultural campaign, 1, 105 women have developed their business in the processing of local products 1, 818 producers (M/W/Y) have drawn part of their income from agricultural land development , 126 cattle breeders derived a part of their income from dairy production equipment. 83, 033, 778 FCFA of savings were mobilized by supervised producers and micro entrepreneurs 753 Leading farmers trained on FMNR. 1 871 591 2, 438 Leading farmers who practice NAR /RNA. 263 Organizations are working on environmental protection (Committees to fight against bush fires …) 68 Hectares of «Tanns» reforested 5, 997 Hectares of fields under NAR/ RNA 13 Local communities that have a local convention of environmental management validated by the relevant administrative authority
35 Micro-Entrepreneurs who develop their business through the promotion and marketing of forest products 4, 447 people (M/W/Y) who practice prevention and response mechanism to economic shocks. 426 People trained in DRR (local officers, health personnel, CBO leaders, farmer leaders). 242 Functional watchdog committes. 1 248 659 200 Frs CFA for 6 698 customers including 4, 226 women (63,1%). 24,672 children belonging to households beneficiaries of micro finance activities initiated by SEMFIN 100.387.769 Francs CFA of local savings mobilized by 6, 698 customers of SEMFIN (including 63% of women) # Projects that # Staff Sources of funding # beneficiaries have contributed participants Support offices: WV USA – WV Germany - WV UK - WV Canada - Boys 39 897 WV Korea - WV Australia - WV France - WV Switzerland. 58 18 Girls 37 318 Total 77 215 Testimonies :
« My name is Penda Ndao, I am from the village of «My name is Sokhar Diouf and I am the chairperson of AVEC Netty Daga Wolof. Thanks to the NAR, we have managed to of Mbamane in the Commune of Diakhao but also a village agent for the save many jujub trees. Through the harvesting and sale of monitoring of the group. Our AVEC was set up following the training we received those fruit, I was able to buy an oil producing machine. Now I from BDS. All in all we are 25 mothers and head of families who contribute on am engaged in the production of groundnuts and soump oils which I sell at 900f a litre for the groundnut oils and F CFA a weekly basis to feed our credit Union. At the end of 9 months we did our first 2, 500.00 per litre for the soump oil. Thanks to this activity I fund sharing and that brought a big change into our community. First of all we have got 48 litres of Soump oil and 800 litres of groundnut have small loans to conduct income generating activities and at the same time oil, which amounts to F CFA 840,000 per year. During the we managed to do some savings. Secondly, we can get our money at any time groundnuts campaign period, and given the amount of work, to deal with emergencies which is not the case with micro finance institutions. I hire one or two people who help me do the job and who Now we manage to carry out our activities without any external inputs; other I pay out of the income from the sale of oil. I managed to women from the village have even started creating AVECs because they noticed provide for my daily needs and in addition, I contribute to the changes within our households: Our children are well dressed, they go to the household’s expenses. I thank the Bey leen sen Tol Project school and have the required school supplies. This was made possible thanks because I no longer walk for hours under the sun , looking for forest fruits » to our savings” ADP Annual Report of Diakhao FY 14.»
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 33 VIII. DISASTER MANAGEMENT Emergency intervention: Response to the epidemic of Ebola virus disease
1. Description of the disaster On Friday, August 29, 2014, in accordance with the International Health Regulations, Senegal declared a case of Ebola virus fever confirmed by the Institut Pasteur of Dakar after analyses performed on the blood samples of a young Guinean patient. This latter was managed for his treatment at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases at the University Hospital of Fann.
Thus, Senegal entered into the epidemic phase. The Ministry of Health, WHO, the other UN agencies, NGOs including World Vision Senegal thus entered into an active phase of management of the patient, research and monitoring of people who have been in contact with the patient and actions to contain the epidemic. Thus, from August 29, 2014 to October 9, 2014, Senegal was in an epidemic situation with an Ebola virus disease with 01 patient and 74 identified contacts who required a response from all stake- holders, including World Vision Senegal.
2. World Vision’s response In the framework of the national response to the epidemic of Ebola virus fever, WV Senegal played an important role in the res- ponse to the epidemic of Ebola virus fever coordinated by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Senegal. The following response actions were carried out by WV Senegal • 45 wall posters put in the offices of WV in Senegal and 1.100 brochures on the Ebola virus disease were produced and distributed to all the staff (245 agents) and their families. • World Vision played the focal point role for the UN agencies and NGOs in the « Epidemiological monitoring and sur veillance » technical commissions of the National crisis committee. WV made a report to the UN agencies and NGOs on the work and progress achieved by this technical commission in the framework of the response. • Training of 15 religious leaders, Christian and Muslims, on the prevention messages of the disease to disseminate in the places of worships (mosques, temples and churches). • Participation in the production of life lesson on the Ebola virus disease, in partnership with UNICEF and the Ministry of Education, destined to students of 5200 schools of the regions of Ziguinchor, Sédhiou, Kolda, Kédougou and Tambacounda.
3. Risk reduction activities relating to Ebola. Before the advent of the Ebola patient, WV Senegal had designed and started the implementation of an Ebola fever virus prevention project. This project allowed as early as the end of July 2014 to undertake the following actions, in partnership with the authori- ties and health workers, in the regions of Kolda and Kédougou which have borders with the Republic of Guinea, the first country affected by the epidemic :
• 609 sensitization sessions on prevention against this disease through talks and house visits • 31 caravans organized through weekly market and other huge gathering places • 105 broadcast shows sustained by community radios and broadcasted in local languages • 2790 ads on the disease broadcasted in community radios and in local languages • 898 community health stakeholders and local leaders (Heads of villages, religious and customary leaders) informed on the Ebola virus disease and the preventive measures to apply and make people apply. • 500 hygiene kits made of hand washing device, javel water and soaps distributed to health posts and at border check points
34 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 4. Key lessons
The highlights of the response from WV Senegal with regard to the Ebola fever virus epidemic are:
• The existence of preparedness plans to the epidemic at State level as well as WV which has enabled to ensure the basis of a quick response; • The coordination of the global response by the MOH with the support of WHO which has enabled each partner to share what they are doing and where they are doing it (communication, epidemiological surveillance, management of the patient, monitoring of subjects who have been in contact with the patients ….) • Mobilization and quick provision of resources necessary, mainly financial and empowerment of technical stakeholders (of health) and communities in the implementation of activities. • Commitment of all the stakeholders, including communities living in the regions sharing borders with Guinea, to apply prevention messages on the disease.
Even if Senegal declared the end of the Ebola fever virus epidemic on October 13, 2014, prevention and vigilance are a must because of the persistence of the disease in 4 West African countries (Republic of Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone and Liberia). Therefore, World Vision Senegal, after having invested US $ 103 360 in the preparation of the response to the epidemic, is trying to mobilize US $ 600 000 to invest in the prevention at community level for the fiscal year 2015.
Capacity building in disaster risk management
During fiscal year 2014, WV Senegal conducted the identification and appointment of focal points in the HEA in 11 clusters and their capacity building.
To ensure proper consideration of the risk disaster manager within the planning, it is necessary to rely on the existing structure. Thus within each cluster one agent (programme manager or sector-based specialist) has been identified and appointed HEA focal point. Together with programme manager, the DME specialist and the HEA manager, this focal point makes sure the managerial aspects of disaster risk management are taken into account within the programming. He/she will also help build the capacities of his/her colleagues in terms of disaster risk management (training; production of community preparedness plans for disasters, set up or enhancing local early warning systems …) and reporting.
The 11 focal points, area managers and some SLT members have been trained on Track II by the HEA team of the region (23- 26 September 2014). That training related to the following modules: the global humanitarian context and its major trends; the definition of key concepts in terms of HEA/DRR; the system and management norms concerning emergencies, the management of disasters by 2020 (DM 20), and the reporting tools (“early warning report” and “early 1Actions report”).
At the end of the training, an Action plan focusing on the setting up, formation and operation of inclusive and participatory disaster management organizations has been produced and shared with all WV Senegal management. Those organizations include the NDMT(National Disaster Management Team) the NRRT (National Rapid Response Team) the ZDMT (Zonal Disaster management Team) and CDMT (Cluster Disaster Management Team). ZDMT and CDMT should include partners from government technical services and community representatives from the ADP concerned.
This action plan will be implemented during FY15 and its level of achievement will contribute to the attainment of the objective of being in the « green » which WV Senegal had set for itself at the end of its disaster management score cards exercise carried out in March 2014 with a « yellow » score.
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 35 IX. ENFANTS LES PLUS VULNERABLES IX. MOST VULNERABLE CHILDREN
TableauTable 2 : Cartographie2 : Mapping ofdes the enfants most les vulnerable plus vulnérables children dans in lesthe programmes programmes de Worldof WV Vision Senegal Senegal..
Who are the What does vulnerability Where can we What are the vulnerability factors What decisions have we made in What are the successes and MVC consist of and what are the find the MVC? ? our programming to address this? challenges of working with MVC ? evidence? Children exposed 56% of the • Sexual abuses/ early • Parents’ negligence • Support communities to install • 8 departmental committees out of to situations of programmes of pregnancies • Weakness in the application of the CAVEs (early warning, watchdog 9 installed and functional abuse or WVS29 • Children’ marriage law to protect children under age and consultation committees) in • 07 local committees installed in 7 exploitation • Forced marriages who are victims of abuse each village arrondissements out of the 16. • Child labour in the traditional • Weak capacitation of parents, • Facilitate networking of these • Strengthen the contribution of gold mines of Kédougou children, and partners in the committees with the protection WVs in the national integrated • Children’s exodus from the prevention and management of frameworks bringing together all mechanism put in place. Fimela area to the big urban children on issues of abuse the stakeholders at the level of • Carry out advocacy to the centres to work as maid • Promiscuity within families the arrondissement (CLPE) and institutional stakeholders, servants. • Loss of civic and moral values at the Departmental level (CDPE) parliamentarians and organizations • Presence of drugs in schools • Information explosion and • Strengthen children’s capacitation • 187 local early warning (cocaine, yamba) Niakhar development of social networks system and teachers on the issue mechanisms on abuses, neglect • Influence of religious sects on • Social and cultural pressures of protection and participation of and violence against children have children • Penetration of religious extremism children been set in 11 programmes • Sensitization and social • 190 CAVEs are functional in 14 mobilization campaigns on ADPs international days dedicated to • 40 cases of abuse have been children (1 December, June 16 referred ect.) • 37 cases were monitored • 23 out 65 local communities mainstreamed participation and child protection into their local development Plans (LDP) Children (girls & 6,8% of the • High school dropout. 72% • Parents’ neglect • Organize a community forum on • Promotion at community level of boys) who drop out programmes of of children leave school • Existence of parallel channels education with all the other forma education models from school before WVS30 before the end of the (coranic /Arabic schools) stakeholders of the system. recognized by the Ministry of the end of the cycle elementary cycle. Poor • Low level of awakening of parents • Support the creation of schools Education management of resources on the challenges of education (building, equipment, animation • Child’s marriage in some areas or allocated to schools. • Low presence of education and promotion) to facilitate their integration into the job • Low inclusion level structures (formal schools) access market • pregnancies at school • Lack of vocational schools • Facilitate the regular presence of supervision structures on the ground
29 Salémata, Saraya, Patiana, Mampatim, Kounkané, Dabo, Basa, Paroumba, 30 Diokoul, Salémata
36 WV Senegal – Rapport Annuel de Contribution au Bien-être de l’enfant – 2014 Who are the What does vulnerability Where can we What are the vulnerability factors What decisions have we made in What are the successes and MVC consist of and what are the find the MVC? ? our programming to address this? challenges of working with MVC ? evidence? Children with no 17,2% of the • Low level of immunization • Low perception of the importance • Support immunization campaigns • complete programmes of could be one of the factors of the attendance of health and advanced strategies initiated immunization WVS31 explaining the high rate of facilities. by health structures. status. mortality of the Region of • Mobility of some communities Kolda. during the advanced strategies organized by nurses. • Children 13,69% of the • Low use of LLIN • Low access and /or no use of • Support the strategy of universal • exposed to programmes of • Mortality caused by malaria. LLIN. coverage in LLIN and education of malaria WV32 • mothers on malaria prevention.
Children suffering 20,68% of the • 10 to 33% of children are • Low access to health services & • Extend the PRN strategy in all the • from moderate or programmes of affected by malnutrition infrastructures because of the ADPs concerned with severe malnutrition. WVS33 during the survey. This could landlockedness of the area malnutrition and support explain that Kolda is the 2nd mothers’ education. region that has registered the highest number of children suffering from underweight (26% according to the EDS- MICS Report of 2011) Children who are 27,58% of the • The fact of not having such a • Carelessness of parents • Sensitization actions for all • Promote the registration of birth not registered at programmes of legal identity, of being unable • Geographical and financial parents on the rights to register to reduce the rate of foreclosure the birth registry WVS34 to enjoy all one’s rights and constraints for access to birth their children to the end of primary school not enjoying adequate registries • Financial support to communes in exam protection in case of abuse the framework of public hearings and violations of such rights Children living in 10,34% des • The CPNs are important to • Children whose mothers have not • Replicate the innovative initiatives • the communities programmes de ensure health for the mother yet made full PNC are more likely such as the « circles of women » where the majority WVS35 and that of the child. For the to have diseases for the child and and « Badianu Gokh » in the of women do not programmes concerned even the mother. concerned areas. do their CPN 4 and if the efforts are made by deliver without the women to undertake the assistance of CPN4, there are some qualified health staff women who still deliver without the assistance of a qualified health staff.
31 Kathiotte, Dabo, Paroumba, Patiana, Kounkané 32 Diakhao, Dioukoul, Dabo, Mampatim 33 Dioukoul, Paroumba, Patiana, Kathiotte, Dabo, Mampatim 34 Tattaguine, Fimela, Mabo, Kathiotte, Missirah, Mampatim, Kandia, Sinthiang Koundara 35 Thiapy, Basa, MBella
Senegal CWBT Report FY 2014 Page 36 / 40 37 WV Senegal – Rapport Annuel de Contribution au Bien-être de l’enfant – 2014 X. ACCOUNTABIITY OF THE PROGRAMME
World Vision is committed to meet the standards and international domestic policies that strengthen our commitment in terms of accountability to children and communities which we are working for as well as our partners. In this section, World Vision Senegal shares how it implements the minimum accountability standards of the programs, based on four dimensions.
Information communication: In addition, all the 28 programmes of WVS have adopted an In 2014, World Vision Senegal carried out an exercise through three approach that encourages the participation of children, through scenarios that reproduce key DME events which lead, at the end to the promotion of school governments. These structures are the definition of a national approach of Transition and Sustainability. frameworks of discussion and children’s participation in the The approach has enabled community representatives, children and management of schools and monitoring of the quality of learnings. technical partners, of at least 22 programmes, to receive guidance through a role play on «Crossing the River» for an understanding The new modus operandi has achieved some gains. Indeed, it of the partnership with WV based on the values of the organization, allows communities to fully play their roles and responsibilities the activities of the programmes and expected behaviours. in the achievement of economic, development, educational, social, cultural and spiritual projects in their local communities for a The outcomes of the evaluation (03 programmes and special smooth transition and sustainability of the programmes. However, projects) and baseline study (01 special project) are systematically sometimes, there are obstacles associated to the inadequate skills shared with communities in the presence of the representatives of of these implementing organizations. children and implementing partners to enable them to draw the lessons learned. Thanks to the CVA projects, communities re sensitized and trained on their rights. Today, CVA groups make sure that In the 28 programmes and at the national office, the code of standards are complied with regarding educational and sanitary conduct of the child protection policy is shared with all employees, infrastructures. As a result it has been recommended that a nurse service providers, trainees, volunteers, donors, visitors, partners be recruited for the Lour medical station. who must read it and sign.
Each quarter, it is subject to the administrative and local support Community discussions: partners in the implementation of the activity reports of the programmes for ownership of the results in the intervention areas The 2014 fiscal year has been marked by learning through the to enable them to report to their various ministries. LEAP 3 test which helped to drive a process of discussion and collaboration with the various categories of stakeholders in all At the beginning of each fiscal year, each program, in collaboration the 28 programmes and which lead to the design of 4 Technical with the Community Organizations in charge of the implementation, approaches for the implementation of the national strategy 2016- reports to the community and children in the presence of local 2018. It was a broad-based consultation exercise involving the and administrative authorities and technical partners, the activities community with children, local and national partners in the setting carried out and the level of progress towards the attainment of priorities based on an identification of major issues, their root of the objectives. It is during that meeting that the action plan causes, project models, and adequate best practices that helped of the programme for the next fiscal year is shared with all the design the theory of change in each technical approach. stakeholders. As recommended by the development approach of the programmes, Communicating information facilitates the achievement of the communities, children, technical partners are stakeholders who take operational strategy of the organization. By giving the opportunity part in the consultation process and annual planning in all the 28 to communities to understand the foundations of the partnership programmes for the definition of actions and expected outcomes with WV, communication helps to boost their involvement in in 2015. The same goes for the design, monitoring and evaluation the planning process, accountability, consultation / collaboration. process carried out in the programmes. However, there are challenges associated with the instability of local authorities (local officers who have a 5-year term) which often leads to continuous restarting in the orientation of these strategic Collection and monitoring of feedback and complaints: partners to help them understand the collaboration framework. In 2014, WVS prepared a national approach of transition and sustainability which is a response to two major concerns: Promoting participation: • An internal awareness of the shortcomings in the role of facilitator, WV has designed and implemented since 2014, in the 28 catalyst for the community ; programs, a modus operandi that seeks to promote the ability of a • The critical eye of communities and partners in the implementation community to sustain the achievements of a programme or project of strategic and operational approaches marked by weaknesses in and better develop new initiatives. That is why it has entrusted the the empowerment of beneficiaries (communities, children). implementation and monitoring of activities to community-based organizations and local non-governmental organizations with the support of a dedicated staff of WV in the programmes who play the role of a facilitator, catalyst and mobilizer for the community.
36 Mid-Term Evaluation, Ex-Post Evaluation and Re-design of a last planning cycle
38 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 XI. LESSONS DRAWN FROM THE CWB REPORT
This report shows that the quest of the child’s well-being is a difficult project, but change is achievable with time. The results show that there are still some efforts that need to be done in education quality (students who can read and understand, success in the CFEE exam, students’ oral fluency capacity), health (compliance with PNC 4, appropriate management of diarrhoea), livelihoods (resilient households), child protection and participation in decision-making.
In addition to these challenges, there are encouraging results that highlight the progress that WVS, through its programmes, achieved in 2014 for the benefit of children’s well-being. This relates mainly to: the immunization of children aged 0 to 11 months, proper management of pneumonia, the fight against malnutrition, their connection with their parents and guardians and their declaration at birth.
The process which led to the drafting of the report has enabled to draw the following lessons and recommendations:
Major lessons:
(a) The design, harmonization and use in 2014 of monitoring and reporting tools on a monthly basis by sector specialists and Community-Based Organization (CBO) in charge of the implementation of the programmes have facilitated the centralization of data (monitoring). (b) The analysis of the feedback from the Global Centre on the contribution report to the child’s well-being in 2013, fol- lowed by the development of an implementation plan of the recommendations and a business plan (2014 Report) al- lowed to anticipate on the corrective actions (report on a maximum of ADP, production of a report to be planned with time, promotion of monitoring data) (c) The production of the contribution report on the child’s well-being requires the mobilization of human resources (pro- gram staff and other departments in particular those of Ministry Quality and Finance) and in time (monitoring, and monthly reporting on indicators). (d) The existence of a DME specialist per cluster of two to three programmes some of which are professionals in statistical analysis has helped to improve the quality of the collection, processing and analysis of data (monitoring and evalua- tion). (e) The harmonisation of methods, collection tools and of the sampling plan between the DME specialists and the team of Ministry Quality at national level have facilitated the processing and analysis of data in addition to being a learning opportunity. (f) The discussion of the summarized data with the state partners (Ministries..) before the production of the provisional report is an opportunity to improve its quality (sharing of additional information by partners on the targets enabling to compute indicators by age groups).
Major recommendations (a) Strict monitoring of the actual use of Monitoring and Reporting tools by all the Specialists sectors and CBOs and their im- provement based on the analysis of suggestions are to be developed; (b) The planning of the designing process regarding the report in time just like what has been done this year; (c) The diversification of skills within DME specialist is an assess to be made sustainable; (d) The successful harmonization of methods, data collection tools and sampling plan should be maintained ; (e) Inviting technical partners (ANDS) to the meeting to define methods, collection tools and the sampling plan (Monitoring, Baseline and Evaluation) while the report is being drafted in 2015.
World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014 39 XII. ANNEXES
Map indicating the projects /programmes areas within the country
Compte Rendu Outil de Dépenses par Outil de Outil de Atelier de Planification CWBO Cartographie génération des Partage des du Processus des indicateurs graphiques Resultats avec les Partenaires
40 World Vision Senegal Annual Child Wellbeing Report - 2014