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Slu@Beni List Grada Beograda ISSN 0350-4727 SLU@BENI LIST GRADA BEOGRADA Godina XLVII Broj 27 15. oktobar 2003. godine Cena 120 dinara Skup{tina grada Beograda na sednici odr`anoj 22. sep- Beograda mora opravdati tako {to }e se pove}ati privla~- tembra 2003. godine, na osnovu ~l. 36. i 54. Zakona o plani- nost za nove investicije i nove kulturne poduhvate. Ovo }e rawu i izgradwi („Slu`beni glasnik Republike Srbije”, se posti}i: broj 47/2003) i ~l. 11. i 27. Statuta grada Beograda („Slu- – doslednom reformom politi~kog i ekonomskog mi- `beni list grada Beograda”, br. 18/95 – pre~i{}en tekst, qea koji }e garantovati sigurnost investicija; 20/95, 21/99 i 2/00), donela je – pa`qivom socijalnom politikom koja }e re{iti le- galne predispozicije za re{avawe stambenog pitawa, spre- GENERALNI PLAN BEOGRADA 2021. ~avawe bespravne gradwe, razvoj mre`e socijalnih usluga i sl.; 1. PROBLEMI I PERSPEKTIVE BEOGRADA – mudrom kulturnom politikom koja }e prirodne i kul- turne vrednosti grada Beograda umeti da postavi kao osnov 1.1. Evropska dimenzija ukupnog razvoja Beograda, potenciraju}i wegov identitet; – razvojnom politikom koja }e uspostaviti neophodnu U odnosu na period pre 1991. godine Beograd je u znat- ekonomsku i ekolo{ku ravnote`u u metropolitenskom pod- noj meri danas snizio rang na skali evropskih metropola. ru~ju Beograda koriste}i sve prirodne resurse na odr`iv U ranijem periodu Beograd je tretiran kao evropska metro- na~in uz pomo} komunalnih sistema; pola, veoma zna~ajna za ~itav jugoistok Evrope. Danas je – usavr{avawem mehanizma upravqawa gradom Beogra- Beograd ocewen kao „glavni grad dr`ave” dok su Be~, Bu- dom kao jedinstvenom metropolitenskom celinom u kojoj dimpe{ta ili Solun evropske metropole u ovom regionu. vlada odre|en stepen me|uzavisnosti, uz razvoj kvalitetnog Prema „Studiji dunavskog podru~ja” Srbija, a sa wom i Be- informacionog sistema. ograd, nalazi se na perifernom delu Dunava uz obja{wewe Promenom politi~ke situacije sti~u se pretpostavke za na osnovu politi~kih kriterijuma. vra}awe Beograda u centar Podunavqa, podizawe wegovog Prema projektu ARGE DONAU, u kome zvani~no u~e- ranga u konstelaciji evropskih gradova, ali je perspekti- stvuje i Srbija, Beograd je kandidovan da bude jedan od lu~- va ekonomskog razvoja i umre`avawa Beograda sa drugim kih gradova u okviru zajednice lu~kih gradova tzv. Donau sli~nim metropolama Evrope, pre svega centralne, isto~- Hansa. ne i jugoisto~ne, i daqe neodre|ena. Izvan Evropske uni- U svakom slu~aju, Beograd danas ima druga~iju ulogu i je, korelaciju treba tra`iti sa Bratislavom, Budimpe- zna~aj od onog koji je imao u vreme SFRJ, {to zahteva pre- {tom, Bukure{tom i Sofijom, gradovima koji su vi{e ili ispitivawe strategije wegovog prostornog razvoja i novog mawe ozbiqno zakora~ili u proces evropskog regionalnog orijentisawa u odnosu na evropske metropole, posebno umre`avawa, a u Evropskoj uniji sa Be~om i Solunom, pre onih u centralnoj, isto~noj i jugoisto~noj Evropi. Dve ~i- svih. wenice su od bitnog zna~aja za Beograd: U svetlu ovog pitawa, kapitalnu ulogu ima polo`aj Be- – Mre`a evropskih metropola sve vi{e dobija osobine ograda na ukr{tawu dva od deset evropskih koridora, ko- dinami~ke klasifikacije, gde gradovi koriste konkurent- ridora âáá i koridora H. Koridor âáá ili „Dunavski ko- nu sposobnost da zauzmu odre|en polo`aj u mre`i. Intere- ridor” ima specifi~nu ulogu u odnosu na ostale jer mu je si i povezivawe interesa, pre svega ekonomskih, u tome su reka okosnica, a za Beograd ima kardinalni zna~aj jer ga presudni te se umre`avawe gradova sve vi{e vr{i na part- ekonomski, funkcionalno, kulturno pa i duhovno povezuje nerskoj interesnoj osnovi. Evropska unija u tom smislu sa Nema~kom, Austrijom, Ma|arskom i drugim dunavskim podsti~e umre`avawe gradova centralne, isto~ne i jugoi- zemqama, sa neslu}enim i do sada neiskori{}enim poten- sto~ne Evrope sa gradovima na zapadu, ali mre`a se stal- cijalima razvoja na potezu Beograd – Smederevo – Veliko no mewa sa promenom interesa. Gradi{te. U tom pogledu posebno treba ista}i da se Dunav – Mre`a evropskih saobra}ajnih koridora, definisa- u Evropi sve vi{e posmatra sa stanovi{ta transverzalnih na na konferenciji u Helsinkiju, pokriva sve zemqe Evro- veza, kao geografski longitudinalni element koji tra`i pe sa 10 koridora od kojih dva, koridor âáá i koridor H sa premo{}avawe i povezivawe. Primeri veza preko Dunava, dva kraka, prelaze preko Srbije, odnosno ukr{taju se u Be- Ma|arske i Slova~ke upu}uju na ideju o mostovima kao pri- ogradu. oritetu i u regionu Beograda, uz neophodne funkcionalne Koncepcija prostornog razvoja, ure|ivawa i za{tite i ekonomske dokaznice. grada Beograda, teritorije od 3.000 km², danas treba da se Koridor H Be~ – Zagreb – Beograd – Ni{ – Solun i zasniva na po{tovawu napred navedenih ~iwenica, ali, krak H1 Beograd – Budimpe{ta predstavqaju osnovnu ki~mu pre svega, podi`u}i planskim i organizacionim re{ewi- razvoja Srbije, sa Beogradom kao epicentrom. Radi toga ma stepen privla~nosti urbanog podru~ja grada Beograda. ukr{tawe ova dva koridora u zoni Beograda treba posma- Naime, sam polo`aj u mre`i evropskih gradova mewa se trati sa stanovi{ta: promenom politi~ke i ekonomske konfiguracije, dok se – povezivawa na saobra}ajne i infrastrukturne mre`e prednost dva koridora i izuzetnog geografskog polo`aja gradskog i republi~kog zna~aja; Broj 27 – 902 SLU@BENI LIST GRADA BEOGRADA 15. oktobar 2003. – budu}eg Beograda kao potencijalno mo}nog multimo- `no urbano dru{tvo. Glavni akter na{e urbanizacije po- dalnog ~vora, gde se ukr{taju putni, `elezni~ki, re~ni i sle Drugog svetskog rata je dr`ava. Gradovi kao nosioci vazdu{ni saobra}aj; regionalnih i op{tinskih funkcija bili su razvojni fa- – rekonstrukcije i modernizacije postoje}e mre`e pre voriti. U wima su gradsko gra|evinsko zemqi{te, privat- definisawa novih strate{kih pravaca; ne stambene zgrade i privredni objekti eksproprisani, – kori{}ewa zemqi{ta, pre svega oko magistralnih ko- konfiskovani i nacionalizovani. ridora u okviru administrativnog podru~ja Beograda, od- Industrijalizacija je bila prete`no zasnovana na nosno metropolitena Beograda. ekstenzivnom zapo{qavawu radne snage sa sela, {to je Kapitalne strate{ke zone u metropolitenu Beograda, uslovqavalo migracije i brojne cirkulacije (dnevne mi- kao {to su poqoprivredna zona u Zemunu, na Paliluli, u gracije). Osamdesetih godina migracije selo – grad opa- Grockoj ili Mladenovcu, zona Kolubarskog ugqenog base- daju, dok cirkulacije ja~aju. Jedan od rezultata ovakvih na u Lazarevcu i Ubu, zona termoenergetike u Obrenovcu i trendova jeste predimenzionsan i saobra}ajno neure|en Lazarevcu, ili zone strate{ke industrije u [apcu, Vaqe- grad. Sa druge strane, stihijske migracije selo – grad do- vu, Obrenovcu ili Pan~evu, treba strukturno redefinisa- vele su do ruralizacije Beograda, {to se vidi po wegovoj ti na ekonomsko-ekolo{koj osnovi. Jedan od prvih zadata- morfologiji i po socioprofesionalnoj, odnosno „polu- ka u ovoj fazi razvoja predstavqa analiza efekata zapo~e- tanskoj” pripadnosti. tih i planiranih objekata (industrija, saobra}aj, privre- Krizi urbaniteta doprinela je i ~iwenica da je u da, skladi{ta i sl.), kao i boqe kori{}ewe i moderniza- razvoju na{eg gra|anstva bilo drasti~nog diskontinui- cija postoje}ih sistema infrastrukture. teta, tako da je ono malobrojno i nestabilno i jo{ ne Koordinirano i sinhronizovano sa ovim treba organi- predstavqa dru{tveno konstituisan sloj. Relativno je zovati i pravce, kapacitete i dinamiku razvoja drugih mre- mali broj onih koji predstavqaju gradsko stanovni{tvo `a infrastrukture. Ova tematika ima svoju transnacio- u drugom ili tre}em kolenu. Ovaj problem je posebno nalnu (elektro, gas, nafta), nacionalnu i regionalnu di- zao{tren devedesetih godina zbog priliva seoskog i po- menziju (TT, voda, otpad) i otvara zna~ajno pitawe za regi- lutanskog, naro~ito izbegli~kog stanovni{tva i in- onalni razvoj: pristupa~nost infrastrukturi. Od odgovo- tenzivnog odliva gradskog visokoobrazovanog stanov- ra na ovo pitawe zavisi budu}e uravnote`ewe razvoja APB, ni{tva. kao i odnos prema {irem regionalnom okru`ewu. Poseb- Za postsocijalisti~ku transformaciju i tranziciju u no je zna~ajno da se gradske institucije koje brinu o voda- Beogradu mo`e se re}i da je, u pore|ewu sa centralnoe- ma i sanitaciji grada ukqu~e u evropske integracione vropskim dru{tvima i gradovima, bila usporena i bloki- projekte organizovane oko dunavskog sliva. rana. Prelazak sa jednog sistema na drugi odlikovao se Evropsku dimenziju Beograd }e u budu}nosti da afir- marginalizacijom privrede i dru{tva unutar podele svet- mi{e: skog ekonomskog sistema na centar, poluperiferiju i pe- – kori{}ewe prirodnih i stvorenih potencijala za riferiju, kao i podr`avqewem velikog korpusa nekada- uskla|en ekonomsko-ekolo{ki razvoj; {we samoupravne dru{tvene svojine. – povezivawe u mre`u evropskih gradova preko zajed- Sunovrat standarda pove}avao je jaz izme|u bogatih i ni~kih projekata obnove grada i modernizovawe urbanih i siroma{nih, poga|aju}i i pripadnike sredwe klase. Pau- ruralnih tehnologija; perizacija je vi{e pogodila gradove, odnosno urbano sta- – rehabilitovawe kulturnih staza, kompleksa i repera novni{tvo, tako da na prelazu dva veka postoji oko 40% si- od evropskog zna~aja, kao i prirodno-ekolo{kih sistema roma{nog stanovni{tva, oko 40% je na granici siroma- koji Beograd mogu da afirmi{u kao evropsku turisti~ku {tva, oko 15% mo`e se svrstati u sredwu klasu, dok je bo- destinaciju; gatih oko 5% (0,5% vrlo su bogati). Vrh dru{tvene lestvi- – uvo|ewe vi{e reda u kori{}ewe zemqi{ta u gradskom ce bogatstva svedo~i o rastu diferencijacije, a na dnu se gra|evinskom podru~ju, ali i u poqoprivrednom ataru, uz de{ava homogenizacija.
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