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Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) encourages the client to focus on their emotional problems in order to understand and change the irrational beliefs that underpin these problems. Following on from the success of the [ rst edition, this accessible guide introduces the reader to REBT while indicating how it is different from other approaches within the cognitive behavioural therapy spectrum. D ivided into two sections, The Distinctive Theoretical Features of REBT and The Distinctive Practical Features of REBT, this book presents concise information in 30 key points. Updated throughout, this new edition of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: Distinc- tive Features will be invaluable to both experienced clinicians and those new to the [ eld. Windy Dryden is in full-time clinical and consultative practice and is an international authority on rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). He has worked in psychotherapy for more than 40 years and is the author and editor of over 200 books. Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 C o gnitive behaviour therapy (CBT) occupies a central position in the move towards evidence-based practice and is frequently used in the clinical envi- ronment. Yet there is no one universal approach to CBT and clinicians speak of [ rst-, second- and even third-wave approaches. This series provides straightforward, accessible guides to a number of CBT methods, clarifying the distinctive features of each approach. The series edi- tor, Windy Dryden successfully brings together experts from each discipline to summarize the 30 main aspects of their approach divided into theoretical and practical features. The CBT Distinctive Features Series will be essential reading for psycho- therapists, counsellors, and psychologists of all orientations who want to learn more about the range of new and developing cognitive behaviour approaches. Titles in the series: A Transdiagnostic Approach to CBT using Method of Levels Therapyy by Warren Mansell, Timothy A. Carey and Sara J. Tai Acceptance and Commitment Therapy by Paul E. Flaxman, J.T. Blackledge and Frank W. Bond Beck’s Cognitive Therapy by Frank Wills Behavioural Activation b y Jonathan W. Kanter, Andrew M. Busch and Laura C. Rusch CBASP as a Distinctive Treatment for Persistent Depressive Disorderr by James P. McCullough, Jr., Elisabeth Schramm and J. Kim Penberthy Compassion Focused Therapy by Paul Gilbert Constructivist Psychotherapy by Robert A. Neimeyer Dialectical Behaviour Therapy by Michaela A. Swales and Heidi L. Heard Functional Analytic Psychotherapy b y Mavis Tsai, Robert J. Kohlenberg, Jonathan W. Kanter, Gareth I. Holman and Mary Plummer Loudon Metacognitive Therapy by Peter Fisher and Adrian Wells Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy by Rebecca Crane Narrative CBT by John Rhodes Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy by Windy Dryden R ational Emotive Behaviour Therapy 2nd Edition by Windy Dryden Schema Therapy by Eshkol Rafaeli, David P. Bernstein and Jeffrey Young For further information about this series please visit www.routledgementalhealth.com/cbt-distinctive-features Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy Distinctive Features Second Edition Windy Dryden Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 Second edition published 2015 by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Windy Dryden The right of Windy Dryden to be identifified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. First edition published by Routledge 2009 Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Dryden, Windy, author. Rational emotive behaviour therapy. Distinctive features / Windy Dryden. – 2nd edition. p. ; cm. Distinctive features Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Title. II. Title: Distinctive features. [DNLM: 1. Psychotherapy, Rational-Emotive–methods. 2. Behavior Therapy–methods. 3. Emotions. WM 420.5.P8] RC489.B4 616.89’142–dc23 2014026993 Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 ISBN: 978-1-138-80454-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-80455-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-74943-3 (ebk) Typeset in Times by Cenveo Publisher Services This book is dedicated to the lives and legacies of Dr Albert Ellis (1913–2004), the founder of REBT and my good friend Dr Arnold Lazarus (1932–2013), the founder of multimodal therapy Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 Contents Introduction ix List of abbreviations xi List of figures and tables xiii Part 1 THE DISTINCTIVE THEORETICAL FEATURES OF REBT 1 1 Post-modern relativism 3 2 REBT’s position on human nature and other theoretical emphases: Distinctiveness in the mix 5 3 REBT’s distinctive ABC model 15 4 Irrational beliefs are at the core of psychological disturbance 17 5 Rational beliefs are at the core of psychological health 23 6 Distinction between unhealthy negative emotions (UNEs) and healthy negative emotions (HNEs) 31 7 REBT’s key principle of emotional responsibility 35 8 Explaining why clients’ inferences are highly distorted 39 9 Position on human worth 41 10 Distinction between ego and discomfort disturbance and health 45 11 Focus on meta-psychological disturbance 55 12 The biological basis of human irrationality 63 Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 13 REBT’s position on the origin and maintenance of psychological problems 69 14 REBT’s position on psychological change 71 15 Position on good mental health 73 vii CONTENTS Part 2 THE DISTINCTIVE PRACTICAL FEATURES OF REBT 77 16 The therapeutic relationship in REBT 79 17 Position on case formulation 83 18 Psycho-educational emphasis 87 19 Dealing with problems in order: (i) Disturbance; (ii) Dissatisfaction; (iii) Development 91 20 Early focus on irrational beliefs (iBs) 95 21 Helping clients to change their irrational beliefs to rational beliefs 97 22 Variety of therapeutic styles 101 23 REBT encourages clients to seek adversity when carrying out homework assignments, but does so sensibly 107 24 Change is hard work and the use of therapist force and energy 111 25 Emphasis on teaching clients general rational philosophies and encouraging them to make a profound philosophic change 115 26 Compromises in therapeutic change 119 27 When to use a change-based focus (CBF) and when to use an acceptance-based focus (ABF) 123 28 Focus on clients’ misconceptions, doubts, reservations, and objections to REBT 125 29 Therapeutic effifi ciency 131 30 Theoretically consistent eclecticism 135 References 139 Index 145 Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 viii Introduction At the time of writing (November 2013), the cognitive-behaviour therapies are in the ascendancy in the psychotherapeutic spectrum. CBT approaches are the most commonly cited among evidence- based treatments and, in Britain, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends CBT more often than other therapeutic approaches in the treatment of a variety of psycho- logical disorders. And yet, within the broad CBT spectrum, there exist a number of approaches that include the so-called [ rst-wave, second-wave and now third-wave CBT-based therapies. Thus, to say that all CBT therapies are equivalent places too much emphasis on their similarities and too little on their differences. Over a quarter of a century ago, Ellis (1980a ) addressed the issue of the place of REBT in the larger CBT spectrum by distinguishing between two types of REBT. The [ rst, variously known as special- ized or “elegant” REBT focused on the features that Ellis and other leading (past and present) REBT writers (e.g. Dryden, 2002; Grieger and Boyd, 1980 ; Wessler and Wessler, 1980 ) regard as preferential in the treatment of a variety of psychological disorders. The sec- ond, variously known as general and the more pejorative “inelegant” REBT was regarded by Ellis as synonymous with the broader [ eld of CBT so that anything that falls under the rubric of CBT can be regarded as (general) REBT. REBT therapists have privately recognized that specialized REBT, which will be discussed in this book, has its limits, although a full examination of these limits and the conditions under which its effectiveness is questioned has not been fully discussed in the clini- Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:45 14 August 2016 cal REBT literature, let alone been the subject of empirical enquiry. The fact that REBT can straddle two areas, its speci[ c area and the wider CBT area, can be seen as having great pragmatic value. Thus, when it suits, REBT therapists can emphasize speci[ c REBT and when it suits they can also claim that general REBT is really ix INTRODUCTION identical with CBT, thus allowing REBT therapists to align them- selves with the great advantages of practising an evidence-based CBT approach. The issue of there being two REBTs recently surfaced in the after- math of events at the Albert Ellis Institute, which led to the founder’s disengagement from the Institute that bore his name.
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