Keeping the Spirit Alive
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1 the African Dimension to the Anti-Federation Struggle, C.1950-53
‘It has united us far more closely than any other question would have accomplished’.1 The African Dimension to the Anti-Federation Struggle, c.1950-53 The documentary record of African opposition to the C[entral] A[frican] F[ederation] has been the subject renewed historiographical interest in recent years.2 This paper seeks to contribute to the existing debate in three principle ways. Firstly, it will be shown that opposition to the scheme was fatally undermined by the pursuit of two very distinct strands of N[yasaland] A[frican] C[ongress] and A[frican] N[ational] C[ongress] political activism. This dissimilar political discourse produced contradictions that resulted in the bypassing African objections. In the third instance, the paper will go a step further, suggesting that the two respective anti-Federation campaigns not only undermined Congress efforts to stop federation, but laid the path for future discord in the national dispensation then materialising. In 1988, John Darwin wrote that ‘with its telescope clapped firmly to its ear, London declared that [African] opposition [to Federation] could be neither seen nor heard’.3 The well-worn historiographical path points to the fact that African opposition was effectively ignored on the basis that ‘partnership’ between white settlers and black Africans in Northern and Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland offered a strong rationale for the CAF. The requisite benefits arising would see the promotion of African economic opportunities, the placation of settler politicians seeking to reduce the influence of the Colonial Office and the preservation of British influence in the region.4 The utility of ‘partnership’ was in its ambiguity. -
JOSHUA NKOMO Issued 27Th June, 2000
FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH OF DR. JOSHUA NKOMO Issued 27th June, 2000 (Extracted from first day cover stiffener)2 Joshua's father, Thomas Nyongolo Letswansto Nkomo and his mother Mlingo, nee Hadebe, had a total of eight children. Joshua's parents worked for the London Missionary Society and brought up their family in a Christian manner, which included bible reading, hymn singing and prayers in the evenings. From Standard One until Standard Six Joshua Nkomo was a prize winning student who nearly always came out top of his class. After completing Standard Six he took a carpentry course at the Tsholotsho Government Industrial School. He studied there for a year before becoming a driver. He later tried animal husbandry before becoming a schoolteacher specialising in carpentry at Manyame School in Kezi. In 1942, aged 25 and during his occupation as a teacher, he decided that he should go to South Africa to further his education and do carpentry and qualify to a higher level. When he returned to Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) in 1947 he rose to the leadership of the Railway Workers Union and then to the leadership of the African National Congress in 1952. In 1960 he became President of the National Democratic Party. He married his wife Johanna Mafuyana on 1 October 1949. After the NDP was banned by the Rhodesian government, he formed ZAPU (Zimbabwe African Peoples Union). After ZAPU was also banned he went into exile in Tanzania. On his return to Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) he was arrested by the government and then restricted to Kezi his birthplace near Bulawayo for three months. -
Undamaged Reputations?
UNDAMAGED REPUTATIONS? Implications for the South African criminal justice system of the allegations against and prosecution of Jacob Zuma AUBREY MATSHIQI CSVRCSVR The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE AND RECONCILIATION Criminal Justice Programme October 2007 UNDAMAGED REPUTATIONS? Implications for the South African criminal justice system of the allegations against and prosecution of Jacob Zuma AUBREY MATSHIQI CSVRCSVR The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation Supported by Irish Aid ABOUT THE AUTHOR Aubrey Matshiqi is an independent researcher and currently a research associate at the Centre for Policy Studies. Published by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation For information contact: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation 4th Floor, Braamfontein Centre 23 Jorissen Street, Braamfontein PO Box 30778, Braamfontein, 2017 Tel: +27 (11) 403-5650 Fax: +27 (11) 339-6785 http://www.csvr.org.za © 2007 Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. All rights reserved. Design and layout: Lomin Saayman CONTENTS Acknowledgements 4 1. Introduction 5 2. The nature of the conflict in the ANC and the tripartite alliance 6 3. The media as a role-player in the crisis 8 4. The Zuma saga and the criminal justice system 10 4.1 The NPA and Ngcuka’s prima facie evidence statement 10 4.2 The judiciary and the Shaik judgment 11 5. The Constitution and the rule of law 12 6. Transformation of the judiciary 14 7. The appointment of judges 15 8. The right to a fair trial 17 9. Public confidence in the criminal justice system 18 10. -
“The Sitrep”. a Final Edition, for 2019, Is Planned for December – Perhaps to Include a Bit More Humour and News Before the “Silly Season” Reaches Its Conclusion
A collection of some of the Rolls of Honour from various Rhodesian High Schools Welcome to “THE SITREP” – your RLI RA-Africa newsletter – Volume 9, November 2019. Salutation Greetings all ouens and crows, from various Africa branches, to another edition of “The Sitrep”. A final edition, for 2019, is planned for December – perhaps to include a bit more humour and news before the “silly season” reaches its conclusion Rhodesian Forces Memorial Service – Sunday 10 November 2019 Hearty congratulations must be poured upon the Rhodesian Forces Memorial Committee who organised, and ran, an outstanding show at Dickie Fritz the day before Independence. This was not the first of such gatherings and particular attention had been paid to ironing-out past “niggles”. It was the third invitation for Rhodesian High Schools to lay a wreath on behalf of their school, in honour of those fallen during the war years. Twenty-seven schools were represented this year, whereas, only 17 were present at the 2017 ceremony – a sure sign of the increasing popularity of the event. Wing Cdr Bruce Harrison, Alan Strachan and Padre Bill Beer. MC for the day was none other than Wing Cdr Bruce Harrison whose sense of presence never fails to instil an atmosphere of relaxation and family unity, despite the formalities about to unfold. The Rhodesian Forces Memorial Committee is chaired by Alan Strachan who delivered the welcome – followed by prayers, led Lt Col Bill Dodgen, lesson delivered by Alf Herbst and the sermon conducted by Padre Bill Beer. Steve Prophet (RhAF) showed us how to sing “Amazing Grace” – properly, before Marcus Main-Baillie (RhAF) “turned the pages” to read random snippets of those who fell, whilst serving with various units, during the bush-war – not forgetting members of the general Rhodesian population and the animals that perished in the conflict. -
Shadow Cultures, Shadow Histories Foreign Military Personnel in Africa 1960–1980
Shadow Cultures, Shadow Histories Foreign Military Personnel in Africa 1960–1980 William Jeffrey Cairns Anderson A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand November 2011 Abstract From the 1960s to the 1980s mercenary soldiers in Africa captured the attention of journalists, authors and scholars. This thesis critically examines the shadows of mercenarism in sub-Saharan Africa during decolonisation – an intense period of political volatility, fragility and violence. The shadows of conflict are spaces fuelled by forces of power where defined boundaries of illegal/legal, illicit/licit and legitimate/illegitimate become obscured. Nordstrom (2000, 2001, 2004, 2007) invokes the shadows as a substantive ethnographic and analytical concept in anthropological research. This thesis considers how the shadows are culturally, socially and politically contingent spaces where concepts of mercenarism are contested. Specific attention is given to ‘shadow agents’ – former foreign military combatants, diplomats and politicians – whose lived experiences shed light on the power, ambiguities and uncertainties of the shadows. Arguing the importance of mixed method ethnography, this thesis incorporates three bodies of anthropological knowledge. Material from the official state archives of New Zealand and the United Kingdom (UK) where, amongst themselves, politicians and diplomats debated the ‘mercenary problem’, are used alongside oral testimonies from former foreign soldiers whose individual stories provide important narratives omitted from official records. This ethnography also draws on multi-sited fieldwork, including participant observation in Africa, the UK and New Zealand that engages with and captures the more intimate details of mercenary soldiering. As findings suggest, the worlds of diplomacy, politics and mercenarism are composed of shadow cultures where new perspectives and understandings emerge. -
Africa: Background, May 1977, Part 3
, , . STATE~iENT OF PRINCIPLES OF U. S. FIRNS WITH AFFILIATES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA . 1. Non-segregation of the races in all eating, comfort, and ,,,ork facili ties. 2. Eoual, and fair .employment practices for all employees. 3. Equal pay for all employees doing equal or comparable work for the same period of t~me. 4 • Initiation of and development of training program~ that will prepare, in substan~ial numbers, blacks and,other non-whites for supervisory, administrative, clerlcal, and t echnical jobs. ~ . 5 . Incr~asing the number of blacks and other non-~lites in manag~ment and supervisory positions. 6. Improving the qualitY ' of employees' lives outside the work cnvi rO])Hl en t in such are as as hOl.S ing, tl'?nsporta U 0] )" school i ng, recreation and health facilities. We :lg 'r- Ct:: to fU 'rther implement these principles . Wh<;!te,J j~P l. (;':.:J:: : 1J~ E . ~.... iol1 requires a modification of existjng' South African . '\mrkir.q . con(iit:Lc:-;s . I we will seek s uch modification throug]l appropriate' ch ~ nnels. , . We be 1 i eve that the implementation of the foregoing pri n::.5.ples . Is t. consistent with respect for human dignity and will con t ribute grea t ly I to the general e~o;)omic vlelfare of all the people of the Republic. of South Afl"ica ~ . ; .' • • . r • •• t ... •..... h • • • • _ .... .t ... ;" ~ . " . , .t· - .- MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON UNCLASSIFIED INFORMATION Memo No. 861-77 April 20, 1977 MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT THRU: Denis Clift ~ FROM: Jay Katzen ~ SUBJECT: Anatomy of a Rebel, by Peter Joyce Attached, at Tab A, is a synopsis of the subject book, as you requested. -
Catherina Johanna Schenck
'N PARADIGMA ONTLEDING VAN EN PARADIGMA BESKRYWING VIR DEELNEMENDE WERKSWYSES DEUR CATHERINA JOHANNA SCHENCK VOORGELe TER VERVULLING VAN DIE VEREISTES VIR DIE GRAAD DOCTOR PHILOSOPHIAE IN DIE DEPARTEMENT MAATSKAPLIKE WERK AAN DIE UNIVERSITEIT VAN SUID-AFRIKA STUDIELEIER: Dr M A O'Neil MEDESTUDIELEIER: Dr A S du Toit November 1998 Ek verklaar hiermee dat 'N PARADIGMA ONTLEDING VAN EN PARADIGMA BESKRYWING VIR DEELNEMENDE WERKSWYSES my eie werk is en dat ek alle bronne wat ek gebruik of aangehaal het deur middel van volledige verwysings aangedui en erken het. VOORWOORD EN DANKBETUIGINGS Hierdie studie was vir my 'n moeilike en lang pad en 'n baie betrokke stuk werk. Dit is nie 'n studie waarin iets bewys word nie. Dit is 'n studie waaruit iets gebore moes word en groei. Die kind moes groat word. Niemand kon my regtig help om die kind groat te maak of voorse wat ek moet doen nie. Daar was slegs enkele riglyne of bakens en baie ondersteuning. Hierdie was 'n prosesmatige studie. Ek het ervaar hoe dit ontluik, ontwikkel en soms halsstarrig raak. Ek het soms slapelose nagte daaroor gehad en soms opwinding oar nuwe ervarings en ontdekkings. In hierdie moment-tot-moment en selfrefleksiewe proses was daar gelukkig mense wat dit makliker gemaak het. Baie dankie aan: Ferdi en ans kinders Ferdinand, Catherine en Fraser My ouers, skoonma, susters en hulle gesinne Ondersteunende vriende en vriendinne My studieleiers, drs Margaret O'Neil en Dries Du Tait Departementshoof en kollegas Huma Lauw, my lees en dink vriendin Wilma Goosen vir die taalversorging Janet Smith vir die tegniese versorging 302 SCHE Sole Deo Gloria! UN JS A Access Aanv1 1 'n llHllllllHlll 0001729409 SUMMARY Community development and in particular participatory development is about people. -
A Case Study of the Charges Against Jacob Zuma
• THE MEDIA AND SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CHARGES AGAINST JACOB ZUMA By Lungisile Zamahlongwa Khuluse Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the Requirements of the Master of Arts: Social Policy, University of Kwazulu Natal: Durban. February 2011 DECLARATION Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MA S_o(:ialPolic;:y, in the Graduate Programme in SQ_ (:iaLPQli~y, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. I declare that this dissertation is my own unaided work. All citations, references and borrowed ideas have been duly acknowledged. I confirm that an external editor was not used. This dissertation is being submitted for the degree of MA_S_odaLpQIic;:y in the Faculty of Humanities, Development and Social Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. None of the present work has been submitted previously for any degree or examination in any other University. Lungisile Zamahlongwa Khuluse Student name 29 February 2011 Date prof. p. M. Zulu Supervisor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly I would like to thank the Lord Almighty for giving me strength and resources to complete this dissertation. I am indebted to my parents, Jabulisile Divi Khuluse and Sazi Abednigo Khuluse for their support, love, patience and understanding; I thank them for inspiring me to be the best I can possibly be and for being my pillar of strength. I am grateful to my siblings Lihle, Sfiso and Mpume 'Pho' for all their support. I thank my grandmother Mrs. K. J. Luthuli. Gratitude is also due to my friends Nontobeko Nzama, Sindisiwe Nzama, Nenekazi Jukuda, Zonke Khumalo, Jabulile Thusi, and Hlalo Thusi, for being there for me. -
South African Churches Under.Attack
Y K on the World Council of Churches' supporters of southern Afi Program to Combat Racism. liberation movements we But why no mention in that same implicitly or explicitly accep editorial of their vicious red-baiting idea that the anti-apartheid r of the path-breaking October 1981 ment here was a "CP front." Conference in Solidarity with the would be a mirror image of R Liberation Struggles of the Peoples ia's view that the African N t Dear Friends: Africa held at New Congress of South Africa isma feels apprehensive in of Southern One always York's Riverside Church? Or do you lated and directed by the E writing a publication one admires accept the absurd notion that this African Communist Party am only when severe criticism arises. mass upsurge of anti-apartheid, Sldvo. I trust that you will spea But the alternative of looking the anti-imperialist sentiment was all a on this matter in the near f other way is even more ghastly to devious and manipulative effort and vigorously protest "60 contemplate. I refer to the editorial by the Communist utes' red-baiting. issue ["The Gos manufactured in your March 1983 silence on this to CBS"] that torrect Party, USA? Your pel According question was deafening. ly raked CBS and "60 Minutes" over Solid the coals for their unseemly attack It would be ironic indeed if US Dr. Gerald. Southern Africa is in the news and what better way to stay up-to-date than with Southern Africa Magazine? Since 1965, Southern Africa has been provid e Extensive coverage of developments in tl ing consistent, reliable and often exclusive cov Frontline States: ZIMBABWE: information erage of political and economic developments in political developments and rural developmer southern Africa. -
Culture and Customs of Zimbabwe 6596D FM UG 9/20/02 5:33 PM Page Ii
6596D FM UG 9/20/02 5:33 PM Page i Culture and Customs of Zimbabwe 6596D FM UG 9/20/02 5:33 PM Page ii Recent Titles in Culture and Customs of Africa Culture and Customs of Nigeria Toyin Falola Culture and Customs of Somalia Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi Culture and Customs of the Congo Tshilemalema Mukenge Culture and Customs of Ghana Steven J. Salm and Toyin Falola Culture and Customs of Egypt Molefi Kete Asante 6596D FM UG 9/20/02 5:33 PM Page iii Culture and Customs of Zimbabwe Oyekan Owomoyela Culture and Customs of Africa Toyin Falola, Series Editor GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London 6596D FM UG 9/20/02 5:33 PM Page iv Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Owomoyela, Oyekan. Culture and customs of Zimbabwe / Oyekan Owomoyela. p. cm.—(Culture and customs of Africa, ISSN 1530–8367) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–31583–3 (alk. paper) 1. Zimbabwe—Social life and customs. 2. Zimbabwe—Civilization. I. Title. II. Series. DT2908.O86 2002 968.91—dc21 2001055647 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2002 by Oyekan Owomoyela All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001055647 ISBN: 0–313–31583–3 ISSN: 1530–8367 First published in 2002 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). -
Alison Ruffell
© University of the West of England Do not reproduce or redistribute in part or whole without seeking prior permission from the Rhodesian Forces oral history project coordinators at UWE Alison Ruffell Brought up in London. Trained as a nurse in London. Was admitted to the Sunshine Scheme and travelled out to Rhodesia in 1974. Soon afterwards, left nursing to join the Rhodesian Army, undertaking a mixture of administrative work, training and nursing. Remained in the Army until beyond independence. Shortly afterwards, transferred to the British Army. This is Annie Berry interviewing Alison Miller, now Alison Ruffell, on Monday the 3rd of August 2009 in London. Thank you very much for coming along today. Perhaps you could begin by explaining how you came to be in Rhodesia initially? I did nurse training in London and wanted to have a year out of the country to get some experience before I went back to my hospital, to work there again. There was the Sunshine Scheme in those days where they paid for nurses to go out to Rhodesia for a year. They would pay their fare both ways and give them a job for a year, so I signed up to the Sunshine Scheme and went out as a nurse. Was this scheme always for Rhodesia? Yes, I don’t know if there were other countries but I knew a Rhodesian family and they were over in the UK and we were just sort of generally chatting about what I was going to do and they mentioned the possibility and showed me where to go. -
The Rhodesiana Society C
The Past is Our Country: History and the Rhodesiana Society c. 1953-19701 David Kenrick, University of Oxford2 This paper uses the work of an amateur historical society - the Rhodesiana Society – as a lens to explore the racialised nature of attempts to define a white Rhodesian identity in the crucial post-war period of 1953-1970. It builds upon the existing corpus of work on history and national identity, moving beyond the more traditional sites in which historical discourse is produced – academia and the state – looking instead at how individuals in private organisations sought to use the past to shore up identities in the present. It does so using the particularly interesting example of a British settler colony in the late twentieth century, where minority rule was being upheld even as the rest of the continent entered the first stages of its post-colonial life. The paper focuses in particular on discourses of imperial legitimation which stemmed from the earliest history of white British/South African settlement in the colony. Historical work and narratives exploring early conflicts with Africans, specifically the 1896 Mashona and Matabele rebellions, served to legitimate the continued white presence by having shown that they had ‘won’ the country with their own blood. These histories also used techniques of historical silencing, culturally reinforcing the social, legal, and economic segregation which ascribed to Rhodesia’s Africans a state of permanent subservience and anonymity. The paper also suggests how these sanitised narratives of Victorian (white) heroism may have resonated with white Rhodesians in the 1960s, embroiled as they were in their own slowly escalating guerrilla war.