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CHOLA ARCHITECTURE Lecture by :Dr CHOLA ARCHITECTURE Lecture By :Dr. Sweta Vijyala Chola 848-891 AD Aditya I 870-907 AD Parantaka Chola I 907-950 AD Gandaraditya Chola 950-957 AD Arinjaya chola 956-957 AD Sundara Chola 957-970 AD Uttam Chola 970-985 AD Rajaraja Chola I 985-1014 AD Rajendra Chola I 1012-1044 AD Rajadhiraja Chola 1044-1054 AD Rajendra Chola II 1054-1063 AD Virarajendra Chola 1063-1070 AD Athirajendra Chola 1070-1070 AD Kulothunga Chola I 1070-112 AD Vikram Chola 1118-1135 AD Kulothunga Chola II 1133-1150 AD Rajaraja Chola II 1146-1173 AD Rajadhiraja Chola II 1166-1178 AD Kulothunga Chola III 1178-1218 AD Rajaraja Chola III 1216-1256 AD Rajendra Chola III 1246-1279 AD The imperial chola grew powerful in the mid 9th century AD , under Vijyalaya (850-870 AD) . Imperial Chola rulers of Tanjore developed the Dravidian style of temple architecture almost to perfection . The Temple Architecture of the chola period can be divided into at least 2 phases on the basis of dynastic markers — i). The early phase (mid 9th to the 11th centuries) and the Late phase (early 11th to the 13th centuries . Some Art historians suggest a division into 3 phases - Early (850—985)Middle (985—1070)Late (1070—1270) And divide there into further phases…. NAME OF TIME OF CREATOR LOCATION TEMPLES CREATION Vijyala Narthamalai ,Tamil Vijyala Temple 9th century Chola Nadu Nageshwarswamy Aditya Kumbakonam , T.N 9th century Temple chola Brahmapureshwar Prantaka Pulalmangai , 9th century Temple Chola Thanjavur , T.N Koranganath Parantaka Srinivasanallur , 935-950 AD Temple Chola I T.N Brihadeshwar Raja Raja Thanjavur , T.N 1010 AD Temple Chola I Brihadeshwar Gangaikonda Rajendra I 1035 AD Temple cholapuram,T.N Airavateshwar Raja Raja Darasuram , T.N 1166 AD Temple Chola II Kampeshwarar Koluthunga Thiribuvanam ,T.N 1178-1218 AD Temple Chola II Vijayala Temple (Narthamalai ,Tamil Nadu) The temple is considered one of the oldest temples in India. The main shrine faces West. The Garbhagriha has 4 storeys. There were 8 subsidiary shrines around the temple,Out of which 6 are still existing . The Sanctum is circular and contains a linga and a yoni. Nageshwarswamy Temple (Kumbakonam , Tamil Nadu) The next phase is represented by temples built during the reigns of Aditya I and Partanka I, for instance Nageshwarswamy Temple and Korangnath Temple. An ancient 9th century Temple of lord Shiva constructed by Aditya Chola. Superb Architecture with rays of sun light directly falling on the lingam in the chitram month. Koranganath Temple (Srinivasanallur , Tamil Nadu) It is East facing Temple Mandapa is a rectangle of 25 ft. By 20 ft. And the Vimana is a square of 25 ft. Side . The sculpted figures are more heavily ornamented than in other temples of this period. Brihadeshwar Temple (Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu) The temple is a part of UNESCO world heritage site known as the Great living chola temple . One of the India’s most prized Architectural site. The entire temple structure is made of hard granite stones.For the construction of the temple more then 130,000 tonnes of granite was used but no granite source in 100 km. radius It is also known as RajaRajeshewaram Temple , Peruvadaiyar Temple ,Tanjore Big Temple . The temple has fortified walls that were Probably added in the 16th century. The Nandi Statue located at the entrance of the temple is said to be carved out of a single rock .This is very famous for it’s 12 ft. Height . The temple tower is tallest one in the world which is 216 ft. high And the Kumbam in the tower Weighs about 80 tonnes. The temple built by interlocking stone and not by binding them. It is the largest all-granite building in the world. Brihadeshwar Temple (Gangaikonda cholapuram,Tamil Nadu) The superb architecture of the temple boasts of a 9 storey vimanam that extends to the height of 180 ft. East-facing temple. Made of Hard-granite stones. A big Nandi in front of The temple made of bricks and mortar. The temple complex Includes Nandi Mandapa ,Maha Mandapa ,Mukha Mandapa ,Ardha Mandapa etc. The Gangaikonda chola Puram Temple is possibly the only example in which all the 108 forms of dance, as mentioned in the Natyasastra are depicted through various panels of Dancing Shiva. Chandesura Anugraha Murti and Saraswati are the most beautiful sculptures of the temple. Airavateshvara Temple (Darasuram , Tamil Nadu) The vimanam is 80 ft. High. The south side of the front mandapam is in the form of a huge chariot with large stone wheels drawn by horses. The great living chola temples includes Brihadeshwara teaple at Thanjavur, Gangaicondcholapuram Temple and Airavateshwara Temple at Darasuram . Kampeshwarar Temple (Thiribuvanam ,Tamil Nadu) It is considered the last of the 4 masterpieces built during the Medium Chola Era. There is a separate shrine for Sarbeswarer, a fusion of man, Eagle and Lion. Chola Metallic Structure The chola period is known for it’s metal structure Tanjavur was a major centre. The images of Shiva as Nataraja i.e, Lord of the dance, appear frequently among Chola metallic sculpture . The dancing Shiva was of 2 types:Angry and Pacific. Thanks .
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