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Per – Objektauswahl NGC NGC 0650 NGC 1039 NGC 1131 NGC 1177 NGC 1227 NGC 1270 NGC 1282 NGC 1465 NGC 1605 NGC 0651 NGC 1050 NGC 1138 NGC 1186 NGC 1233 NGC 1271 NGC 1283 NGC 1491 NGC 1624 NGC 0744 NGC 1053 NGC 1159 NGC 1193 NGC 1245 NGC 1272 NGC 1293 NGC 1496 NGC 0869 NGC 1058 NGC 1160 NGC 1198 NGC 1250 NGC 1273 NGC 1294 NGC 1499 NGC 0884 NGC 1077 NGC 1161 NGC 1207 NGC 1259 NGC 1274 NGC 1333 NGC 1513 NGC 0957 NGC 1086 NGC 1164 NGC 1212 NGC 1260 NGC 1275 NGC 1334 NGC 1528 NGC 1001 NGC 1106 NGC 1167 NGC 1213 NGC 1264 NGC 1277 NGC 1335 NGC 1545 NGC 1003 NGC 1122 NGC 1169 NGC 1220 NGC 1265 NGC 1278 NGC 1342 NGC 1548 NGC 1005 NGC 1129 NGC 1171 NGC 1224 NGC 1267 NGC 1279 NGC 1348 NGC 1579 NGC 1023 NGC 1130 NGC 1175 NGC 1226 NGC 1268 NGC 1281 NGC 1444 NGC 1582 Sternbild- Zur Objektauswahl: Nummer anklicken Übersicht Zur Übersichtskarte: Objekt in Aufsuchkarte anklicken Zum Detailfoto: Objekt in Übersichtskarte anklicken Übersichtskarte Auswahl NGC 650_651 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 650_651 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 744 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 744 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 869_884_957 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 869_884 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 957 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte N1001_3_5_39_53_77_86_1106_22_29_30_31_38 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1001_1005_1053 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1003 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1039 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1077 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1086 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl N 1106_1122_1129_1130_1131 ÜbersichtskarteN Aufsuch- karte Auswahl N 1138N Übersichtskarte Aufsuch- karte NGC 1023_1058 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1023 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1058 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte N 1050 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1050 Übersichtskarte NGC Aufsuch- karte N1159_60_61_64_71_75_77_86_93_98 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1160_1161 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1159_1171 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1164_1175_1177_1186 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1193 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1198 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1167_1226_1227 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1167 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1226_1227 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1169_1245 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1169 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1245 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1207_1213_1233 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1207_1213 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1233 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte N 1212_1224_1250 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1212_1224 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1250 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1220 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1220 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte N 1259_60_65_Per GaCl_92_93 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl N 1259_60_64 ÜbersichtskarteN Aufsuch- karte Auswahl Aufsuch- N 1265_7_8_70-5_7-9_81-3_93_4N Übersichtskarte karte NGC 1333 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1333 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1334_1335 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1334_1335 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1342_1499 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1342 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1499 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1348 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1348 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte N 1444_1491_1496_1513_1528_1545 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1444 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1491 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1496 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1513 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1528 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1545 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1465 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1465 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1548_1579 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1548 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1579 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte NGC 1582_1605_1624 Aufsuchkarte Auswahl Auswahl NGC 1582 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1605 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 1624 ÜbersichtskarteNGC Aufsuch- karte Auswahl NGC 650/1 p m m = 12. 2 156“ x 90“ NGC 650_651 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 744 p m m = 9. 4 11‘ NGC 744 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 869 p m m = 4. 3 42‘ NGC 869 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 884 p m m = 4. 3 46‘ NGC 884 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 957 p m m = 7. 2 11‘ NGC 957 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1001 p m m = 15. 0 0.‘7 x 0.‘3 NGC 1001 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1003 p m m = 12. 0 5.‘4 x 2.‘1 NGC 1003 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1005 p m m = 14. 8 0.‘3 x 0.‘3 NGC 1005 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1023 p m m = 10. 5 8.‘7 x 3.‘3 NGC 1023 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1039 p m m = 5. 5 35‘ NGC 1039 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1050 p m m = 13. 5 1.‘6 x 1.‘1 NGC 1050 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1053 p m m = 13. 9 1.‘7 x 0.‘8 NGC 1053 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1058 p m m = 12. 2 3.‘5 x 3.‘4 NGC 1058 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1077 p m m = 14. 5 1.‘1 x 0.‘8 NGC 1077 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1086 p m m = 14. 0 1.‘4 x 1.‘1 NGC 1086 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1106 p m m = 13. 3 1.‘7 x 1.‘7 NGC 1106 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1122 p m m = 13. 0 2.‘0 x 1.‘6 NGC 1122 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1129 p m m = 13. 5 4.‘1 x 3.‘1 NGC 1130 p m m = 16. 1 0.‘5 x 0.‘2 NGC 1131 p m m = 15. 6 0.‘4 x 0.‘4 NGC 1129_1130_1131 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1138 p m m = 14. 0 1.‘4 x 1.‘4 NGC 1138 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1159 p m m = 14. 0 0.‘5 x 0.‘4 NGC 1159 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1160 p m m = 12. 6 1.‘6 x 0.‘8 NGC 1161 p m m = 12. 0 3.‘1 x 2.‘2 NGC 1160_1161 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1164 p m m = 14. 0 1.‘5 x 1.‘2 NGC 1164 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1167 p m m = 13. 4 3.‘1 x 2.‘5 NGC 1167 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1169 p m m = 12. 2 4.‘4 x 3.‘0 NGC 1169 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1171 p m m = 13. 0 3.‘2 x 1.‘4 NGC 1171 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1175 p m m = 13. 8 2.‘5 x 0.‘8 NGC 1177 p m m = 15. 0 0.‘4 x 0.‘4 NGC 1175_1177 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1186 p m m = 12. 5 3.‘3 x 1.‘4 NGC 1186 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1193 p m m = 12. 6 1.‘5 NGC 1193 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1198 p m m = 13. 5 2.‘5 x 1.‘4 NGC 1198 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1207 p m m = 13. 4 1.‘8 x 1.‘5 NGC 1207 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1212 p m m = 15. 5 1.‘0 x 0.‘5 NGC 1212 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1213 p m m = 15. 5 2.‘7 x 2.‘1 NGC 1213 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1220 p m m = 11. 8 2‘.0 NGC 1220 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1224 p m m = 14. 7 1.‘7 x 1.‘5 NGC 1224 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1226 p m m = 13. 9 2.‘3 x 1.‘8 NGC 1227 p m m = 15. 5 1.‘1 x 1.‘0 NGC 1226_1227 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1233 p m m = 14. 0 2.‘1 x 0.‘9 NGC 1233 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1245 p m m = 6. 9 10‘ NGC 1245 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1250 p m m = 13. 7 2.‘7 x 1.‘1 NGC 1250 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1259 p m m = 15. 7 0.‘7 x 0.‘3 NGC 1260 p m m = 14. 2 1.‘7 x 0.‘8 NGC 1259_1260 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1264 p m m = 15. 0 1.‘1 x 1.‘0 NGC 1264 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1265 p m m = 13. 2 2.‘1 x 1.‘9 NGC 1265 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1267 p m m = 14. 1 1.‘4 x 1.‘1 NGC 1268 p m m = 14. 5 1.‘2 x 0.‘9 NGC 1270 p m m = 14. 1 1.‘1 x 0.‘9 NGC 1267_1268_1270 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1271 p m m = 15. 5 0.‘5 x 0.‘2 NGC 1271 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl Datenblatt NGC 1272 NGC 1272_73_74_75_77_78_79_81 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1293 p m m = 14. 3 1.‘1 x 1.‘1 NGC 1282 p m m = 13. 7 1.‘7 x 1.‘3 NGC 1282_1283 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1293 p m m = 14. 3 1.‘1 x 1.‘1 NGC 1294 p m m = 14. 2 1.‘8 x 1.‘6 NGC 1293_1294 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1333 9‘ x 7‘ NGC 1333 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1334 p m m = 14. 0 1.‘6 x 1.‘0 NGC 1334 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1335 p m m = 15. 0 1.‘3 x 1.‘0 NGC 1335 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1342 p m m = 7. 1 14‘ NGC 1342 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1348 5‘ NGC 1348 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1444 p m m = 6. 4 4‘ NGC 1444 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1465 p m m = 14. 7 1.‘6 x 0.‘4 NGC 1465 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1491 3‘ x 3‘ NGC 1491 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1496 p m m = 9. 6 6‘ NGC 1496 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1499 p m m = 5. 0 145‘ x 40‘ NGC 1499 DetailfotoNGC Übersichts- karte Auswahl NGC 1513 p m m = 8.
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    Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun­ damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short).
  • Arxiv:1108.0403V1 [Astro-Ph.CO] 1 Aug 2011 Esitps Hleg Oglx Omto Oesadthe and Models Formation Galaxy at to Tion

    Arxiv:1108.0403V1 [Astro-Ph.CO] 1 Aug 2011 Esitps Hleg Oglx Omto Oesadthe and Models Formation Galaxy at to Tion

    Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Production of dust by massive stars at high redshift C. Gall · J. Hjorth · A. C. Andersen To be published in A&A Review Abstract The large amounts of dust detected in sub-millimeter galaxies and quasars at high redshift pose a challenge to galaxy formation models and theories of cosmic dust forma- tion. At z > 6 only stars of relatively high mass (> 3 M⊙) are sufficiently short-lived to be potential stellar sources of dust. This review is devoted to identifying and quantifying the most important stellar channels of rapid dust formation. We ascertain the dust production ef- ficiency of stars in the mass range 3–40 M⊙ using both observed and theoretical dust yields of evolved massive stars and supernovae (SNe) and provide analytical expressions for the dust production efficiencies in various scenarios. We also address the strong sensitivity of the total dust productivity to the initial mass function. From simple considerations, we find that, in the early Universe, high-mass (> 3 M⊙) asymptotic giant branch stars can only be −3 dominant dust producers if SNe generate . 3 × 10 M⊙ of dust whereas SNe prevail if they are more efficient. We address the challenges in inferring dust masses and star-formation rates from observations of high-redshift galaxies. We conclude that significant SN dust pro- duction at high redshift is likely required to reproduce current dust mass estimates, possibly coupled with rapid dust grain growth in the interstellar medium. C. Gall Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Tel.: +45 353 20 519 Fax: +45 353 20 573 E-mail: [email protected] J.
  • Why Gravity Cannot Be Quantized Canonically, and What We Can We Do About It

    Why Gravity Cannot Be Quantized Canonically, and What We Can We Do About It

    WHY GRAVITY CANNOT BE QUANTIZED CANONICALLY, AND WHAT WE CAN WE DO ABOUT IT Philip D. Mannheim Department of Physics University of Connecticut Presentation at Miami 2013, Fort Lauderdale December 2013 1 GHOST PROBLEMS, UNITARITY OF FOURTH-ORDER THEORIES AND PT QUANTUM MECHANICS 1. P. D. Mannheim and A. Davidson, Fourth order theories without ghosts, January 2000 (arXiv:0001115 [hep-th]). 2. P. D. Mannheim and A. Davidson, Dirac quantization of the Pais-Uhlenbeck fourth order oscillator, Phys. Rev. A 71, 042110 (2005). (0408104 [hep-th]). 3. P. D. Mannheim, Solution to the ghost problem in fourth order derivative theories, Found. Phys. 37, 532 (2007). (arXiv:0608154 [hep-th]). 4. C. M. Bender and P. D. Mannheim, No-ghost theorem for the fourth-order derivative Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 110402 (2008). (arXiv:0706.0207 [hep-th]). 5. C. M. Bender and P. D. Mannheim, Giving up the ghost, Jour. Phys. A 41, 304018 (2008). (arXiv:0807.2607 [hep-th]) 6. C. M. Bender and P. D. Mannheim, Exactly solvable PT-symmetric Hamiltonian having no Hermitian counterpart, Phys. Rev. D 78, 025022 (2008). (arXiv:0804.4190 [hep-th]) 7. C. M. Bender and P. D. Mannheim, PT symmetry and necessary and sufficient conditions for the reality of energy eigenvalues, Phys. Lett. A 374, 1616 (2010). (arXiv:0902.1365 [hep-th]) 8. P. D. Mannheim, PT symmetry as a necessary and sufficient condition for unitary time evolution, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A. 371, 20120060 (2013). (arXiv:0912.2635 [hep-th]) 9. C. M. Bender and P. D. Mannheim, PT symmetry in relativistic quantum mechanics, Phys.
  • And Ecclesiastical Cosmology

    And Ecclesiastical Cosmology

    GSJ: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2018 101 GSJ: Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2018, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com DEMOLITION HUBBLE'S LAW, BIG BANG THE BASIS OF "MODERN" AND ECCLESIASTICAL COSMOLOGY Author: Weitter Duckss (Slavko Sedic) Zadar Croatia Pусскй Croatian „If two objects are represented by ball bearings and space-time by the stretching of a rubber sheet, the Doppler effect is caused by the rolling of ball bearings over the rubber sheet in order to achieve a particular motion. A cosmological red shift occurs when ball bearings get stuck on the sheet, which is stretched.“ Wikipedia OK, let's check that on our local group of galaxies (the table from my article „Where did the blue spectral shift inside the universe come from?“) galaxies, local groups Redshift km/s Blueshift km/s Sextans B (4.44 ± 0.23 Mly) 300 ± 0 Sextans A 324 ± 2 NGC 3109 403 ± 1 Tucana Dwarf 130 ± ? Leo I 285 ± 2 NGC 6822 -57 ± 2 Andromeda Galaxy -301 ± 1 Leo II (about 690,000 ly) 79 ± 1 Phoenix Dwarf 60 ± 30 SagDIG -79 ± 1 Aquarius Dwarf -141 ± 2 Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte -122 ± 2 Pisces Dwarf -287 ± 0 Antlia Dwarf 362 ± 0 Leo A 0.000067 (z) Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal -354 ± 3 IC 10 -348 ± 1 NGC 185 -202 ± 3 Canes Venatici I ~ 31 GSJ© 2018 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2018 102 Andromeda III -351 ± 9 Andromeda II -188 ± 3 Triangulum Galaxy -179 ± 3 Messier 110 -241 ± 3 NGC 147 (2.53 ± 0.11 Mly) -193 ± 3 Small Magellanic Cloud 0.000527 Large Magellanic Cloud - - M32 -200 ± 6 NGC 205 -241 ± 3 IC 1613 -234 ± 1 Carina Dwarf 230 ± 60 Sextans Dwarf 224 ± 2 Ursa Minor Dwarf (200 ± 30 kly) -247 ± 1 Draco Dwarf -292 ± 21 Cassiopeia Dwarf -307 ± 2 Ursa Major II Dwarf - 116 Leo IV 130 Leo V ( 585 kly) 173 Leo T -60 Bootes II -120 Pegasus Dwarf -183 ± 0 Sculptor Dwarf 110 ± 1 Etc.