International Fact-Finding Mission on the Israeli Settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Submission

Date: 25 October 2012

Submitted to:

1) UN International Fact-Finding Mission on the Israeli Settlements

2) UN Committee on the Rights of the Child

3) UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences

4) UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967

5) UN Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

6) UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention

7) UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance 2

Index

1. Background ...... 3

2. Overview – Points of friction ...... 3

3. Breaking the Silence – Soldiers’ testimonies ...... 4

4. Mass arrests ...... 7 Night raids and arrests ...... 8 Transfer ...... 11 Interrogation ...... 13 Military court proceedings ...... 13 Specific issues of concern - Children ...... 14 Specific issues of concern – Women ...... 15 Discriminatory legal systems ...... 16

5. Settler violence ...... 19

6. Concluding remarks ...... 24

Appendix 1 – Additional testimonies ...... 25 Appendix 2 – Detention statistics ...... 37 Appendix 3 – Child detention: issues of concern ...... 38 Appendix 4 – Settler violence statistics ...... 46 Appendix 5 – Reports ...... 53 Appendix 6 – Media reports ...... 55

Footnotes ...... 56

1. Background

1.1 In its resolution 19/17, adopted on 22 March 2012 at its 19th session, the Human Rights Council (HRC), decided to "dispatch an independent international fact-finding mission (the Fact-Finding Mission), to be appointed by the President of the Human Rights Council, to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem."

1.2 Pursuant to this resolution, the Fact-Finding Mission has invited “all interested persons and organizations to submit relevant information and documentation that will assist in the implementation of the Mission's mandate.”

1.3 In accordance with this invitation, Defence for Children International-Palestine (DCI) and the Women‟s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling (WCLAC) make the following submission.1

2. Overview – Points of friction

2.1 The purpose of this submission is to examine some of the impacts of Israeli settlements and their associated infrastructure on the neighbouring Palestinian civilian population, and in particular, their impact on women and children.

2.2 The settlements and their associated infrastructure throughout the West Bank and East Jerusalem act as points of friction. These friction points are the natural and foreseeable consequence of prolonged military occupation and the violation of the principle of non- acquisition of territory by war.2 In order to construct the settlements and their associated infrastructure, village lands must be confiscated; access to natural resources limited; and the freedom to develop, curtailed. Moreover, in order to maintain dominance it is essential for the Israeli military and settlers to intimidate and instill fear in the Palestinian civilian population. Further, all forms of resistance must be individually or collectively punished in the severest manner. This policy has no legal legitimacy, but it is perhaps the only way that the settlement project can be effectively maintained.

2.3 This submission will consider two manifestations of the policy to illustrate the point. First, the use of mass arrests and prosecutions in military courts as a tool of control, and secondly, direct attacks by settlers on Palestinians and their property as a form of intimidation. However, before these two issues are considered, it is useful to review a number of testimonies provided by Israeli soldiers who explain the military‟s modus operandi in the West Bank, as this provides compelling evidence as to the situation on the ground, and the underlying policies that guide these actions. 4

3. Breaking the Silence – Soldiers’ testimonies

3.1 Breaking the Silence is an organisation made up of former Israeli soldiers who have served in the military since the Second Intifada. According to the organisation‟s website: “We endeavor to stimulate public debate about the price paid for a reality in which young soldiers face a civilian population on a daily basis, and are engaged in the control of that population‟s everyday life.”3

3.2 In one testimony included in a recent report by Breaking the Silence, a soldier succinctly describes the policy of intimidation and deterrence referred to above:4

Testimony 1 - Soldier

“We would enter villages on a daily basis, at least twice or three times a day, to make our presence felt, and … it was like we were occupying them. Showing we‟re there, that the area is ours, not theirs. A patrol goes in, or two patrols, two hummers secured by a jeep, and raise hell inside the villages. A whole company may be sent in on foot in two lines like a military parade in the streets, provoking riots, provoking children. [The commander] wants more and more friction, just to grind the population, make their lives more and more miserable, and to discourage them from throwing stones, to not even think about throwing stones at the main road. Not to mention Molotov cocktails and other things. Practically speaking, it worked. The population was so scared that they shut themselves in. They hardly came out … The whole village shut itself in.”

3.3 In another testimony, a soldier describes the dilemma faced by the army when Palestinian children throw stones at a road used by Israeli settlers, one of the main points of friction produced by the settlement project:5

Testimony 2 - Soldier

“At the entrance to Ma‟ale Shomron settlement there is a curve in the road, named „Curve 90‟. It‟s a sharp curve where cars have to really slow down to take it safely – it‟s a right angle. It is very close to a village called [Azzun], ten minutes from the town of Qalqiliya, and is considered hostile. Lots of popular terrorist action originates there, lots of stone- throwing. It‟s situated right on the main road to Ma‟ale Shomron and many stones and fire bombs are thrown at cars on the road. The villagers are known for their hostility [...]. We were alerted to there with our front command jeep. We got to the village, drove up to the houses closest to the curve, and then saw a group of children, 9-10 years old, running 5

away. So the company commander and I got out of the jeep. We began to chase them. First they ran, went into the balcony of some house, and then the commander took a stun grenade and hurled it into that balcony. It blew up. I don‟t think it hurt them or anything, but it made them run out of the balcony [...] As soon as the kid came up in front of us – he was about two meters away – the company commander cocked his weapon in his face to make him stop. The kid fell on the ground and cried and begged for his life [...]. At the end of the day, something has to make these kids stop throwing stones on the road because they can kill. That specific kid who actually lay there on the ground, begging for his life, was actually nine years old. I think of our kids, nine years old, and a kid handling this kind of situation, I mean, a kid has to beg for his life? A loaded gun is pointed at him and he has to plead for mercy? This is something that scars him for life. But I think that if we hadn‟t entered the village at that point, then stones would be thrown the next day and perhaps the next time someone would be wounded or killed as a result.” Interviewer: “Did the stone-throwing cease afterwards?” “No.”

3.4 In another testimony, a soldier describes how almost the entire male population of a West Bank village was detained for over 24 hours as an act of collective punishment after stones were thrown at a road near Ari‟el settlement:6

Testimony 3 - Soldier

“We took over a school and had to arrest anyone in the village who was between the ages of 17 and 50, something like that. It lasted from morning until noon the next day. Anyway, all sorts of people arrived, shackled and blindfolded. What happened was that when these detainees asked to go to the bathroom, and the soldiers took them there, they beat them to a pulp and cursed them for no reason, and there was nothing that would legitimize hitting them. Really terrible things. An Arab was taken to the bathroom to piss, and a soldier slapped him, took him down to the ground while he was shackled and blindfolded. The guy wasn‟t rude and did nothing to provoke any hatred or nerves. Just like that, because he is an Arab. He was about 15 years old, hadn‟t done a thing. We arrested many of the people just in order to collect information about them for the Shabak, not because they had done anything. Many stones were thrown along the roads in that village [...] Many reservists took part in this. They really had a ball with those Palestinians – swearing, humiliating them, pulling their hair, ears, kicking and slapping them around. These things were a norm, the whole battalion.”

3.5 In another testimony, a soldier describes how the Israeli army sometimes enters Palestinian villages with no other intention than to start a riot:7

Testimony 4 - Soldier

“We‟d often provoke riots there. We‟d be on patrol, walking in the village, bored, so we‟d trash shops, find a detonator, beat someone to a pulp, you know how it is. Search, mess it all up. Say we‟d want a riot? We‟d go up to the windows of a mosque, smash the panes, throw in a stun grenade, make a big boom, then we‟d get a riot.”

3.6 In another testimony, a soldier goes so far as to suggest that there is an official policy of turning a blind eye when it comes to human rights violations committed by settlers against Palestinians:8

Testimony 5 - Soldier

“But there‟s nothing much you can do about the Jews [in Hebron]. What are you going to do? That‟s the worst part. There are cases where you already wish you could beat them. For example, you know the „Worshippers‟ Path‟? This Jewish kid walks along, an Arab kid passes by, boom, the Jew kicks the Arab kid in the face. If the Arab would hit him back I have to catch him and slap him on the face, see? The Jew is free to do whatever he likes.”

3.7 In another testimony, a soldier describes the corrosive effects of prolonged military occupation on all those who come into contact with it, which in turn provides fertile ground for institutionalised discrimination and racism to flourish:9

Testimony 6 - Soldier

“I remember we hated them, I hated them [Palestinians]. I was such a racist there, too, I was so angry at them for their filth, their misery, the whole fucking situation. You threw a stone, why did you do that? Why did you have to make me bring you here? Don‟t do it. We were shaking him out of despair, not necessarily because we were violent.”

3.8 In another testimony, a soldier provides a chilling account of how the rules of engagement permit a soldier to kill a child if the child attempts to light a Molotov cocktail, even if it poses no threat to anyone:10

Testimony 7 - Soldier

“In Ramallah, a friend of mine was on an ambush – there‟s the Beit El settlement and above it, the Jilazoun refugee camp. Once a night or two, guys at Jilazoun send out kids who throw a Molotov cocktail in the direction of Beit El. None of them ever really reach Beit El. It was always kids throwing, and for a while we would lay ambushes there, and once in a while a Molotov cocktail would be hurled at one of our forces, and they‟d be chased. One of my friends was sitting at Beit El in a sort-of marksman‟s post, and a kid came out and threw a Molotov cocktail, and he shot him. The moment they light up the bottle, they‟re free game.” Interviewer: “Did the kid mean to throw it at the force?” “No, he was the furthest away, he wasn‟t endangering my friend who shot him with his marksman‟s rifle.” Interviewer: “And killed him?” “Yes [...]. They were stupid kids who felt like protesting.”

3.9 A constant theme running through many of the soldiers‟ testimonies is the belief that throwing stones at roads used by settlers can be dangerous, or even lethal, and must be stopped by the army. In 2011, the Israeli organisation B‟Tselem contacted a number of Israeli government agencies in an attempt to determine the number of persons injured by stone throwing between 2005 and 2010, in order to assess the magnitude of the problem. None of the government agencies contacted by B‟Tselem could provide this data.11 However, according to research conducted by B‟Tselem, between September 2000 and 2012, five persons were killed by stones thrown at their vehicles whilst travelling in the West Bank. In four cases the victims were Israeli settlers, and in one case, the victim was Palestinian.12 This works out at a mortality rate of 0.42 persons per year.

4. Mass arrests

4.1 In order to enable over 300,000 settlers to live in relative calm in the West Bank, the Israeli army must ensure domination over the 2.5 million Palestinians living in the same territory. As described in the soldiers‟ testimonies above, this domination is achieved through a mixture of fear, intimidation and collective punishment. The mass arrest of Palestinian men, women and children, followed by their prosecution in military courts 8

and detention, is also a central component in this policy of domination, essential for the viability of the settlement enterprise.

4.2 According to the UN, since June 1967, over 730,000 Palestinian men, women and children have been held in Israeli military detention.13 This works out at about one in every four men. This includes approximately 8,000 children since the year 2000, or between 500 to 700 children per year.14 In the overwhelming majority of cases, these children are arrested at friction points, such as villages located near a settlement, or where a road used by the army and settlers passes close to their community.

4.3 The majority of children prosecuted in the military courts are accused of throwing stones. The dilemma faced by the Israeli army is that in many cases it is difficult to identify the perpetrator. However, in order to deter a repetition of such activity it is essential that no act of resistance goes unpunished. Accordingly, within days of a stone throwing incident the army will generally enter the nearest Palestinian village to make their presence felt, to intimidate and, in some cases, to arrest young males.

Night raids and arrests

4.4 The Israeli army has been conducting [An Nabi Saleh] – “We believe that repeated night time operations and incursions night raids like the one on my house are into Palestinian towns and villages in intended to intimidate and frighten us and to the West Bank for the past 45 years. force us to give up the weekly protests One of the most common reasons for against the nearby settlement.” the military to enter a Palestinian village or town at night is to conduct Manal T. – Mother search and arrest operations. However, in recent times the military has also been entering houses in villages where weekly protests occur, waking up entire families, photographing children for future identification and taking away items such as computers and documents in what appears to be an attempt to harass and intimidate the residents into submission.15

4.5 By way of example, in August [Abu Dis -1:00 a.m.] – “I was sleeping when I 2012, the village of An Nabi woke up to banging on the door. I saw windows Saleh, located 15 km north of had been smashed. I was very scared. My whole Ramallah and adjacent to the family woke up and my father answered the door. settlement of Hallamish, was When he opened the door, I saw a group of Israeli raided on 16 separate occasions, soldiers standing behind it.” 16 many of which were at night. Khalil Q. – 14 years Women whose houses are raided

at night frequently complain that they have insufficient time to make themselves presentable, and some find this experience to be humiliating.

4.6 In 60 percent of cases, children who are detained are arrested from their family homes in the middle of the night. Many children report waking up to the sound of soldiers banging on their front door and shouting instructions to the family to leave the house. In a few cases, children report waking up to see heavily armed soldiers in their bedroom with flashlights and weapons pointed at them. Most children report being scared and some say they were terrified by the experience.17

4.7 Once the family has been woken, the [Hebron] – “After the soldiers verified soldiers generally require all the my identity, one of them grabbed me by occupants of the house, regardless of age, the arm and violently twisted it behind to assemble in one room or to gather my back and tied my hands with two sets outside and I.D. cards will be checked of plastic ties and tightened them up. whilst soldiers search the house. In few They kept me tied this way until around cases are parents told why their child is 10:00 p.m..” [19 hours] being arrested or where he is being taken at the time of arrest. Once a child is Abdullah E. – 15 years arrested he will generally have his hands

painfully tied behind his back with plastic ties that frequently restrict the blood flow to the hands. In some cases the pain experienced as a result of these ties is described as “extreme.” The child will also be blindfolded in 90 percent of cases.18

Testimony 8 - Mother

Name: Bushra T. Age: 39 Location: An Nabi Saleh, West Bank Date: 20 March 2012 Nature of incident: Night raid

On 20 March 2012, the home of a 39-year-old woman from the village of An Nabi Saleh, in the occupied West Bank, is raided by Israeli soldiers after midnight and documents are removed.

The village of An Nabi Saleh is located 15 kilometres north of Ramallah and has a population of 500. In 1977 the Israeli settlement of Hallamish was established about 500 metres away, partly on village lands. In 2009, the settlement expanded still further taking over a spring belonging to one of the villagers. This was the spark for weekly Friday demonstrations by the residents of the village against the settlement. The response from 10 the Israeli army has been to conduct frequent night time raids, which create a sense of fear and insecurity in the village.

“I was still awake when I heard the sound of cars pulling up in front of our house just after midnight,” recalls Bushra. “I then heard loud banging at our front door. Anan, my 16-year-old son was awake too. He rushed into my bedroom to tell me soldiers had surrounded our house. I immediately assumed they had come to arrest him as they have done twice before. I was scared and worried that they might beat him up as they did before. We all went downstairs and my husband opened the door. About 15 soldiers rushed in and immediately started to search the house. They spread out into each and every room and did not tell us what they were looking for. The Commander then asked my husband to ask all of us to gather in the living room. My husband told them our two young daughters were asleep but he told him to wake them up and bring them downstairs. I quickly rushed upstairs to get the girls. I didn‟t want the same thing to happen as last time when our house was raided and the girls woke up to find army dogs in their bedroom. It was a terrifying experience for them,” says Bushra.

“Soldiers then took apart the computer and took out the hard drive and placed it on the table. We didn‟t know what was going on and my husband kept asking them questions but they did not answer. They also put the laptop aside and some magazines,” recalls Bushra. “My husband became very upset and insisted on knowing why they were placing all these items on the table but they did not pay any attention to him. Soldiers then went upstairs and searched the wardrobes. They found a bag with all our official documents which included land ownership deeds, birth certificates and other important documents. They took the stack of papers together with the laptop and hard drive and left. When my husband realised they were leaving with these official documents he followed them outside asking them to at least give him some kind of a proof that they had left with all these items but they ignored his request. The soldiers left our house about half-an-hour later and went to our neighbor‟s house where we later found out that they did the same thing to them,” says Bushra. “I did not really care about them taking the computers but I am worried about the official documents especially the land ownership deeds. We own a large piece of land where our house is build, on the hill opposite the nearby settlement of Hallamish. I worry that they might confiscate the land or even forge a sale without our consent.”

“This is not the first time that soldiers came to the house in the middle of the night, but this is the first time they have taken things with them. I don‟t feel my house is a safe place anymore. When night falls my heart sinks and I find it hard to fall asleep; I find myself distracted by the slightest sound outside. My biggest worry is my children and their safety. My son Anan stays up late because he expects soldiers to come for him any 11

time and he wants to be awake when they do. Life in the village these days is very stressful,” says Bushra.

Transfer

4.8 Once the child has been tied and blindfolded, he will usually be led to a waiting military vehicle for transfer to an interrogation facility. Some children report being prevented from saying goodbye to their parents and prevented from putting on warm clothes for the journey. In 32 percent of cases children report being placed on the metal floor of a military vehicle for the duration of the journey from their home to an interrogation centre, which in some cases can take many hours. Many children also report being kicked, slapped or verbally abused whilst being transferred.19

Testimony 9 - Child

Name: Ahmad F. Age: 15 Location: „Iraq Burin village, West Bank Date: 6 July 2011 Nature of incident: Night raid and arrest

On 6 July 2011, a 15-year-old boy from a village near Nablus, in the occupied West Bank, is arrested by Israeli soldiers from the family home at 2:00 a.m. He is later taken to Ari’el settlement for interrogation.

At around 2:00 am, on 6 July, 15-year-old Ahmad was up late socialising with family members who had just arrived from Jordan. “We were all sitting on the balcony […] when we heard people climbing up the stairs,” recalls Ahmad. “Suddenly, many soldiers stormed the house. We were surprised to see them. They started shouting at us and ordering us into the living room.” Some soldiers started searching the house causing a big mess. Ahmad‟s two-year-old nephew started crying which “annoyed the soldiers who started shouting and asking his mother to shut him up.”

Approximately one hour after the soldiers arrived Ahmad was informed that he was “wanted for interrogation”. “One of the soldiers immediately tied my hands from the front with three sets of plastic cords. One cord for each hand and one cord connecting the two. The ties were very tight and caused me much pain. Then another soldier grabbed me by the arm and took me out of the house.” Ahmad‟s brother asked the soldiers where he was being taken and was attacked by a soldier. “He started hitting him hard with the 12 barrel of his rifle in front of the family, including the children who became horrified and started crying,” recalls Ahmad. On exiting the house Ahmad was also blindfolded.

Ahmad reports being led about 50 metres to some waiting vehicles which then transported him to Huwwara interrogation centre, on the outskirts of Nablus. On arrival at the centre Ahmad was pulled out of the vehicle and made to stand beside it. “They were chanting, laughing and shouting in my ears,” recalls Ahmad. “They were making fun of me. One of them placed his mobile phone beside my ear and played a police siren so loud. Then one of them grabbed me by the arm and placed my head against the car engine, as another one kept stepping on the accelerator. They did this several times. My whole body started shaking.” Ahmad reports that he was then taken inside the gates of the centre but left outside from about 5:00 am until 3:00 pm the following day. He was not brought any food. Whilst waiting outside, Ahmad reports being verbally abused and told: “We want you to die out here.” Whenever Ahmad tried to sleep a soldier would start shouting and kicking him to keep him awake.

At one point whilst Ahmad was waiting outside some soldiers brought a dog and Ahmad was pushed to the groud. “I managed to see the dog from under my blindfold,” he says. “They brought the dog‟s food and put it on my head. I think it was a piece of bread, and the dog had to eat it off my head. His saliva started drooling all over my head and that freaked me out. I was so scared my body started shaking because I thought he was going to bite me. They saw me shaking and started laughing and making fun of me. Then they put another piece of bread on my trousers near my genitals, so I tried to move away but he started barking. I was terrified.”

Later that day Ahmad was taken to the police station in Ari‟el settlement and interrogated. “The interrogator removed my blindfold but kept me tied,” recalls Ahmad. “The interrogator accused me of throwing stones, but I denied it.” The following day Ahmad was placed inside another vehicle and transferred to Megiddo prison, inside Israel, in violation of Article 76 of the Fourth Geneva Convention which prohibits such transfers. “The air conditioner was turned on and it was freezing inside. I asked them to turn it off, but they refused even though my body started shivering.” The vehicle made a number of stops before arriving at Megiddo at around 11:00 pm. Ahmad was not provided with any food during the eight hour journey, and was strip searched on arrival at the prison.

Interrogation

4.9 The journey to an interrogation centre can take anywhere from one hour, up to an entire day. In most cases the detainee is taken to an interrogation room soon after arriving at the centre. Many children report being interrogated by men in civilian clothes, making it difficult to identify the responsible authority. However, many children also report being interrogated by Israeli policemen inside a settlement in the West Bank, identified by their uniforms and the fact that they are inside a police station. Children continue to be interrogated without first having the benefit of receiving legal advice, and without being accompanied by a parent or guardian – rights Israeli children, including those living in the settlements, are generally entitled to.

4.10 The interrogation will usually begin [Gush Etzion] – “David blindfolded me and with the child being led, still tied and ordered me to kneel down. He immediately blindfolded, into a room and placed slapped me hard across the face. The huge on a chair. The blindfold is generally man came from behind, grabbed my hand removed and the child sees his ties and lifted me up, and I felt sharp and interrogator for the first time. In most terrible pain. He also put his foot on the ties cases, the child will remain tied for and pressed down so hard that made me the duration of the interrogation, scream more. To shut me up, he gagged me which can take several hours or while David was standing there watching. more. In some cases, children also „Confess so we can spare you the pressure,‟ report being tied to the chair they are David said. „I‟ll give you 15 minutes to sitting on for extended periods of think,‟ he added. „I have nothing to confess,‟ time, causing pain to their hands, I said, and he went crazy and started backs and legs. Most children also screaming. He started slapping me and report being either physically abused kicking me. He even grabbed my head and or threatened during their slammed it against the wall. My forehead interrogation, usually resulting in swelled and I felt my hands bleeding.” confession. Extraordinarily, in 29

percent of cases, children report Malek S. – 16 years either being shown, or forced to sign, documentation written in Hebrew during their interrogation, a language they do not understand.20

Military court proceedings

4.11 Following their interrogation, children are brought before a military court within four days of their arrest. It is inside the military court room where children generally see their lawyer and parents for the first time following their arrest. A child will generally appear in the military courts on multiple occasions before the conclusion of the case. On each 14

occasion, the child will be brought from prison with hands cuffed and chains around his ankles. In some cases the journey to and from prison, with waiting time at court, can take an entire day leaving the child physically and emotionally exhausted.

4.12 A critical feature of the system is that in the overwhelming majority of cases (87 percent), children are not released on bail but remanded in custody until the conclusion of the legal process. In practical terms, although the evidence against many children is weak, consisting primarily of a confession, the overwhelming majority will plead guilty (90 percent) in return for a lighter sentence, rather than remain in prolonged pre-trial detention for a period that will frequently exceed the sentence that would have been imposed had a plea of guilty been accepted – in short, pleading guilty is the quickest way out of a system whether the offence was committed or not. 21

4.13 The denial of bail for children in the military courts removes any incentive to challenge the system. In the rare cases where lawyers do challenge the system, the results are rarely favourable. This point is perhaps best made by reference to the military courts‟ own records which indicate that in 2010, the courts achieved a conviction rate of 99.74 percent.22

4.14 Within a few days of arrest, approximately 86 percent of adult Palestinian detainees, and 59 percent of children, are transferred to prisons located inside Israel, in violation of article 76 of the Fourth Geneva Convention.23 The practical consequence of this violation is that it makes prison visits difficult and sometimes impossible for residents of the West Bank.

Specific issues of concern - Children

4.15 In April 2012, DCI-Palestine published a report on children held in the Israeli military detention system.24 The report relied on over 300 sworn testimonies collected from children over a four year period and analysed the main issues of concern raised by the children. The table below presents some of the findings of this analysis (see Appendix 3).

Number of # Common complaints and areas of concern Percentage cases 1 Hand ties 296 95% 2 Blindfolds 281 90% 3 Physical violence 234 75% 4 Detention inside Israel in violation of Article 76 196 63% 5 Arrested between midnight and 5:00 am 188 60% 6 Confession during interrogation 180 58% 15

7 Threats 178 57% 8 Verbal abuse and/or humiliation 169 54% 9 Strip searched 102 33% 10 Transferred on floor of vehicle 98 32% 11 Signed/shown documents written in Hebrew 91 29% 12 Solitary confinement 38 12%

Specific issues of concern – Women

4.16 Many of the settlements have been built wholly, or in part, on privately owned Palestinian land, which was generally used for agricultural purposes. In many cases the loss of this income generating asset has had an adverse economic impact on the community, which in some cases has led to extreme poverty. This in turn adds further stress to family life, with women frequently bearing the brunt.

4.17 The policies that enable the settlements to [Beit Ummar] – “I saw about 15 flourish have also had a devastating effect soldiers taking turns to beat and kick on the physical and psychological wellbeing my son all over his body. He screamed of women, and in particular, on mothers. out in pain and called for me. When I Through research conducted in early 2012, approached to try to protect him a the following psychological symptoms soldier hit me with the back of his gun typical of those living with continuous and in my chest. I was in severe pain and sequential trauma were indentified: later found out that my rib was insomnia, tension headaches, hypertension, fractured”. heart disease, gastro-intestinal ailments, hyper vigilance, irritability, agitation and Hamda M. - Mother panic attacks. Further, mothers anticipating

night time incursions, the arrest of a child, the imminent fear of being separated from their children, the demolition or seizure of their homes, settler violence and the denial of residency rights reported exceedingly high levels of anticipatory terror and dread that adversely impacted their capacity to parent effectively.

4.18 Mothers who experienced repeated unpredictable violence over a greater length of time and with more intensity, also exhibited chronic depression, dissociative symptoms, psychic numbing and other personality impairments affecting cognition, emotional regulation, intimacy, interpersonal relatedness and overall identity.25

Discriminatory legal systems

4.19 For the past 45 years, two distinct Israeli legal systems have operated in the West Bank. A military court system is used to prosecute Palestinians, whilst Israel‟s civilian justice system, with far greater rights and protections, is used for Israeli settlers – even when both are accused of the same offence.

4.20 A recent report by a group of leading UK lawyers, including a former Attorney General and High Court Judge, into Israel‟s treatment of children held in military custody, confirmed that under international law, no state is entitled to discriminate between those over whom it exercises penal jurisdiction on the basis of race or nationality.26 However, as the following table demonstrates, this is precisely what the Israeli authorities are doing in relation to Palestinian and Israeli children living in the West Bank.

Civilian law Military law applicable to applicable to # Event Israeli settler Palestinian children children 1 Minimum age of criminal responsibility. 12 12 2 Minimum age for a custodial sentence. 14 12 3 Age of majority. 18 16-18 Legal right to have a parent present during 4 Generally yes No interrogation. Legal right to have a lawyer present during 5 No No interrogation. Legal right to have interrogation audio-visually 6 Partial No recorded. Maximum period of detention before being 7 12-24 hours 4 days brought before a judge. Maximum period of detention without access to 8 48 hours 90 days a lawyer. 9 Maximum period of detention without charge. 40 days 188 days Maximum period of time between charge and 10 6 months 2 years trial. 11 Percentage of cases in which bail is denied. 20% 87% Percentage of cases in which a custodial 12 6.5% 90% sentence is imposed.

4.21 How this institutionalised discrimination has been able to persist for 45 years can perhaps best be explained with regard to the results of a recent survey published in the Israeli 17 newspaper Haaretz, on 23 October 2012 – “Most Israeli Jews would support apartheid regime in Israel”.27 Some results from the survey, in which 503 members of the Israeli Jewish public were interviewed, are presented below.

# Description % Percentage of the Israeli Jewish public who favour separate roads for Israeli settlers 1 74 in the West Bank. Percentage of the Israeli Jewish public who object to giving 2.5 million Palestinians 2 69 the right to vote if Israel annexes the West Bank. Percentage of the Israeli Jewish public who already believes Israel practices 3 58 apartheid against the Palestinians. Percentage of the Israeli Jewish public who want the state to treat Jews better than 4 49 Palestinians. Percentage of the Israeli Jewish public who want part of Israel‟s Palestinian 5 47 population transferred to the Palestinian Authority. Percentage of the Israeli Jewish public who do not want to live in the same building 6 42 as Palestinians. Percentage of the Israeli Jewish public who do not want their children in the same 7 42 class as Palestinians. Percentage of the Israeli Jewish public who want a law barring Israeli Palestinians 8 33 (20% of Israel‟s population) from voting in the Knesset.

Testimony 10 - Mother

Name: Dalal S. Age: 44 Location: Haris village, West Bank Date: 28 February 2012 Nature of incident: Night raid

On 28 February 2012, the home of a 44-year-old woman from the village of Haris, near the settlement of Ari’el, is raided at 2:00 am by Israeli soldiers, and her 19- year-old son is taken away.

Dalal lives with her husband and five children in Haris village, in the north of the West Bank. The Israeli settlement of Ari‟el is located nearby, partly on land belonging to the village.

“On 28 February 2012, at around 2:00 a.m., I woke up to the sound of loud banging at the front gate,” recalls Dalal. “Somebody was shouting in Arabic telling us to open the gate. It was a cold rainy night. My husband ran out to open the gate, and when he opened it, 18

Israeli soldiers rushed in and entered the house. They were terrifying and my three-year- old daughter cried when she saw them inside the house.”

At first the soldiers refused to allow Dalal‟s husband back in the house and forced him to wait outside in the rain. The soldiers began to search the house without telling the family what they were looking for. “They made a huge mess with their muddy boots and didn‟t make any effort to be respectful,” says Dalal. One of the soldiers then asked for Dalal‟s 19-year old son, Imad. “My husband pointed to Imad and asked the soldiers what they wanted from him, but his question was ignored,” recalls Dalal. Imad was then blindfolded and his hands were tied. “One of the soldiers then kicked him and pushed him into a room, while another soldier led me and the other children to another room.”

A few minutes later Imad was taken out of the house. “He was not dressed properly and didn‟t have his shoes on,” recalls Dalal. “My husband asked whether they would allow him to put on some warm clothes but they refused. Imad asked to be allowed to go to the bathroom. At first the soldiers refused but then they allowed him to go and one of the soldiers entered the bathroom with him. Then they took him away. All this happened so quickly, they snatched him away in front of my eyes. I did not sleep that night. I felt helpless and scared. Our neighbours told us the following day that as soon as the soldiers left the house with Imad they started to beat him very hard. They hit him with the butts of their guns all the way to the vehicle which was about 100 meters away. The neighbours also told me that Imad passed out when he was kicked in the head. I nearly passed out myself when I heard this,” says Dalal.

The next morning Dalal‟s husband called a human rights organisation to find out why their son had been arrested and where he was being held. They also wanted to know if Imad was alright after being told by their neighbours that he had been beaten. Dalal‟s husband gave the organisation their son‟s I.D. number and they called back 15 minutes later to say Imad had been taken to a hospital near Petah Tikva, inside Israel. “My husband immediately called the hospital for more details about Imad‟s health but the hospital refused to give him any details,” recalls Dalal. The family was later informed that Imad was taken to Huwwara interrogation centre, near Nablus, in the West Bank, after being released from hospital.

“I haven‟t been sleeping well since he was arrested. I worry all the time that soldiers might beat him up again. He is now in Megiddo prison inside Israel. I applied for a permit to visit him but it took two months before the permit was issued. On 30 May I saw him for the first time. I went with my younger son to visit him. We left the house at 6:00 am and didn‟t get back until 7:00 pm. The trip was exhausting and humiliating. The minute I saw Imad I started to cry, I couldn‟t hold back my tears. He seemed in good health but I could feel he was very sad. The visit lasted for half-an-hour and I cried the 19

whole time. When he saw how emotional I was he asked me not to visit him again. I think he was emotional too and didn‟t know what else to say. At the end of the visit he waved his hand good bye but did not look me in the eye, he couldn‟t.”

“When I got back home I was exhausted. I still cry a lot and I am unable to go about my daily routine as usual,” says Dalal. “I feel my hands are tied; I am unable to do my house work. I don‟t have the energy I used to have. I just wish he gets out of jail as soon as possible. I worry that they will keep coming back for him. This will destroy his future,” says Dalal.

5. Settler violence

5.1 At the time of writing there are over 500,000 Israeli settlers living in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. The settlements are encouraged by the Israeli government and protected by the army. In order to maintain the settlement project, the army has established a network of checkpoints throughout the West Bank and frequently enters Palestinian villages to break up protests and to conduct arrest operations. This open ended military presence is a major cause of friction and source of violence.

5.2 Most Israeli settlements are constructed close [„Asira Al-Qibliya] – “My house is to Palestinian towns and villages. This poses closest to the settlement of Yitzhar an enormous provocation to the local where radical settlers often launch Palestinian population and raises tensions attacks against us. The last time they between the two communities. According to launched an attack was in December the UN, the root cause of settler violence “is 2011 when a large group surrounded Israel‟s decades-long policy of illegally our house in the middle of the night facilitating the settling of its citizens inside and threw rocks at our windows. It occupied Palestinian territory. This activity has was such a frightening experience resulted in the progressive takeover of that I felt sick for days.” Palestinian land, resources and transportation routes and has created two separate systems of Khadra M. - Mother rights and privileges, favoring Israeli citizens at the expense of the over 2.5 million Palestinian residents of the West Bank. Recent official efforts to retroactively legalize settler takeover of privately-owned Palestinian land actively promotes a culture of impunity that contributes to continued violence.”28

5.3 Since 2008, DCI-Palestine has documented 127 cases of children affected by settler violence in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, including four fatalities. Each of the cases documented occurred near Palestinian neighbourhoods, villages or roads located close to Israeli settlements. The nature of the violence reported by the children includes being 20

shot at, beaten, pelted with stones and sprayed with gas. In the words of the Israeli organisation, Yesh Din: “[A]cts of violence are being committed by Israeli civilians against Palestinians in the West Bank on a daily basis, manifesting in many forms of attacks against people and destruction of their property. These acts of violence are not isolated incidents, nor are they simply acts of hate or anger. Rather this brand of violence is part of a sophisticated, wider strategy designed to assert territorial domination over Palestinians in the West Bank.”29

5.4 According to the UN, in 2011 the number of settler attacks resulting in Palestinian casualties and property damage increased by 32 percent, and by 144 percent since 2009.30 According to the same source, 10,000 Palestinian owned trees (mostly olive trees) were damaged or destroyed by Israeli settlers in 2011, undermining the livelihoods of hundreds of families. Also in 2011, 139 Palestinians were displaced due to settler attacks, many forced to leave their homes for good.

Testimony 11 – Children

Names: Iman and Mohammad G. Ages: 4 and 5 Location: Near Bethlehem, West Bank Date: 16 August 2012 Nature of incident: Settler violence

On 16 August 2012, two children suffer burns after a Molotov cocktail is thrown at the car they are travelling in. Three Israeli settler children are questioned by the police.

Four-year-old Iman and five-year-old Mohammad live with their parents in the village of Nahhalin, about 12 kilometres southwest of Bethlehem. At around 4:30 p.m., on Thursday 16 August 2012, they took a taxi to go to the supermarket with their parents and their uncle. As they were passing by the Israeli settlement of Bat Ayin, a Molotov cocktail was thrown at their vehicle.

“My husband was sitting in the front seat next to the driver. Hasan and I were sitting in the back seat with the children. Hasan was carrying Mohammad, and Iman was sitting next to me,” recalls Jamila, the children‟s mother. “As we were passing by the settlement of Bat Ayin, something terrible happened. A Molotov cocktail was thrown at the car and came through the window, landing in front of Ayman. That moment was terrifying. The Molotov exploded a few seconds later and started a fire.”

In the confusion, the driver lost control of the car and crashed on the left side of the road. When the car stopped, they managed to get out, but they were all injured. “We were all burnt before we managed to get out of the car,” says Jamila. “My husband and the driver were wearing their seat belts so it took them longer to get out. That is why their injuries were more severe, especially my husband's.”

The family and the driver were taken to the Hadassah Ein-Karim Hospital for treatment. “I was hospitalised for 12 days, Mohammad for 25 days, and Iman for four days,” says Jamila. “My husband is still in the hospital. We all underwent surgery.”

Jamila remembers seeing the attacker just before he threw the fire-bomb. “I saw a young settler wearing a small cap [kippah]… I saw him throwing the Molotov cocktail from behind a roadside barrier on the right side of the road.” Jamila adds: “Mohammad is still receiving treatment at home. We are giving Iman a lot of support because she is still scared.”

On 26 August 2012, three Israeli settler children, aged between 12 and 13 years, were arrested on suspicion of involvement in the attack. One boy was conditionally released by a civilian judge on 29 August, and the other two were conditionally released the following day.

5.5 In recent years, some acts of violence by settlers against Palestinians have been perpetrated under the “price tag” slogan.31 Essentially, these are acts of violence by settlers against Palestinians or the Israeli army in response to any act that is perceived to be damaging to the settlement enterprise. These acts of violence include firebombing mosques and cars, destroying crops and painting graffiti on buildings (including mosques and churches) and vehicles.32

5.6 With a lack of accountability for acts of [Silwan, East Jerusalem] – “I believe violence by settlers against Palestinians, that the Israelis want to get rid of the there is little reason to expect the situation to Palestinians in the area, as if we are an get anything other than worse. The Israeli outdated product, as if we are authorities repeatedly fail to enforce the rule dispensable.” of law in response to settlers‟ acts of violence against Palestinians. Israeli soldiers Aida R. - Mother often fail to stop attacks and investigations are inadequate or poorly conducted. Measures such as requiring Palestinians to file complaints at police stations located inside settlements also discourage the initiation of complaints.33

5.7 According to Yesh Din, over 90 percent of complaints regarding settler violence filed by Palestinians with the Israeli police are closed without indictment, and in more than 84 percent of cases, investigations are closed in circumstances that indicate procedural failure.34 In cases of complaints against the army, the situation is no better. According to Yesh Din: “The chances of a criminal offense carried out by an IDF soldier against a Palestinian successfully navigating the obstacle course of the complaint procedure [...] are almost nil.”35 This lack of accountability was also referred to by the US State Department in its Human Rights Report for 2011.36 Further, this situation is taking place against a backdrop in which the Israeli government is actively encouraging more settlers to move into the West Bank and East Jerusalem.37

5.8 In September 2012, the EU issued a statement condemning continuing settler violence and the deliberate provocation of Palestinian civilians. The statement expressed particular concern about the increasing number and the severity of recent attacks by “extremist settlers”. The statement concluded by confirming that settlement activity is illegal under international law and threatens to make a two-state solution impossible.38 The EU statement followed the release of a report by the US State Department in which violence by settlers against Palestinians in the West Bank were described in some cases as “terrorist incidents”.39

5.9 According to data collected by DCI in 2011 and 2012, most settler attacks emanate from the following settlements. It must be noted that this data is not based on an exhaustive list of all settler attacks, but nonetheless, it may be useful for indicative purposes.

# Settlement Governorate Number of attacks 1 Hebron city Hebron 9 2 Esh Kodesh outpost Nablus 8 3 Yitzhar Nablus 7 4 East Jerusalem East Jerusalem 4 5 Bat Ayin Bethlehem 2

Testimony 12 – Mother

Name: Khadra M. Age: 43 Location: „Asira Al-Qibliya, West Bank Date: 19 May 2012 Nature of incident: Settler violence

On 19 May 2012, Israeli settlers from the settlement of Yitzhar attack the village of ‘Asira Al-Qibliya, in the occupied West Bank and shoot a Palestinian resident.

“I was at home doing some house work on Saturday, when I heard some whistling outside at around 4:45 p.m.,” recalls Khadra. “I looked out the window and saw settlers wearing white shirts coming down the hill towards the village. My house is closest to the settlement of Yitzhar where radical settlers often launch attacks against us. The last time they launched an attack was in December when a large group surrounded our house in the middle of the night and threw rocks at our windows. It was such a frightening experience that I felt sick for days,” says Khadra.

Khadra went up to the roof of her house and started filming with a video camera given to her by the Israeli human rights organisation, B‟Tselem. “When the settlers were about 40 metres away from our house men from the village started to walk in their direction to stop them approaching any further. I immediately knew there was going to be a confrontation and hoped the soldiers would show up soon,” recalls Khadra.

“More and more settlers came down the hill and more and more men from the village went out to confront them. Both the settlers and the men threw stones at each other. Some were carrying sticks. It took the soldiers a long time to show up but when they finally did, they didn‟t do much. I saw a settler with a pistol aiming it at the men in the village as if he was about to shoot. I was so scared,” recalls Khadra. “I heard gun shots. I also saw two other settlers aiming their assault rifles at the men throwing stones. There were more gunshots. Seconds later I realised a young man had been shot in the head.”

“This dreadful situation went on for nearly two hours and during this whole time the soldiers did almost nothing,” recalls Khadra. “Then they shot tear gas and everybody started to clear the area. The situation was very tense until about 7:00 p.m. I could not sleep that night,” says Khadra. “No matter how much I tell myself I should not be afraid I cannot help it. Deep in my heart I was sure the situation would change the minute the soldiers came, but I should have known better. It is a disturbing feeling to know we are completely on our own; nobody is there to help or protect us.”

6. Concluding remarks

6.1 The situation in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip can no longer accurately be described as a temporary military occupation. The authors submit that it is more accurate to categorise the situation as a de facto annexation in violation of article 2 of the UN Charter. The ultimate objective appears to be to annex as much Palestinian territory as possible, without taking legal responsibility for the Palestinian population. This strategy aims to avoid any claim to equal civil and political rights, whilst denying the Palestinian people their right to genuine self-determination.

6.2 The situation on the ground has been well described by one Israeli organisation as follows:40

“The goal is to confine 4 million residents of the West Bank, East Jerusalem and Gaza to small enclaves, thus effectively foreclosing any viable Palestinian state and ensuring Israeli control, and to allow for the expropriation of land, the ethnic displacement of Palestinians, and the Judaization of the occupied West Bank.

In the cantonization plan pursued by the current and previous Israeli governments, Israel would annex the settlement blocs containing 80% of the settlers in addition to „greater Jerusalem‟ and the Jordan Valley. It would Judaize approximately 85% of the country, leaving the Palestinians with disconnected enclaves on only 15% of the land. Israel would control all the borders, all the sea and airports, Palestinian airspace, the electro-magnetic sphere (communications), and West Bank seam zones. In this version of the two-state solution, the Palestinians would be deprived of meaningful self-determination. The Palestinian „state‟ would have only limited sovereignty and no viable economy. While it would be expected to absorb all the refugees who wish to return, it would have no economic potential for development and could offer no prospect for its future generations.”

6.3 It is now reasonable to conclude that some members of the international community, including the US and EU, have most likely accepted this situation as a fait accompli. Evidence in support of this conclusion is that in spite of the situation being obvious to any reasonably informed observer, the US and EU steadfastly refuse to go beyond issuing statements of dissatisfaction with Israel‟s egregious violations of international law. This lack of resolve in upholding the rule of law is likely to result in disaster for both Palestinians and Israelis alike. Regrettably, it may now be too late to avert the coming storm unless immediate and effective action is taken.

Appendix 1 – Additional testimonies

Testimony 13 – Child

Name: Mahmoud S. Age: 17 Location: Azzun village, West Bank Date: 8 September 2012 Nature of incident: Detention

On 8 September 2012, a 17-year-old boy from the village of Azzun, in the occupied West Bank, is arrested by Israeli soldiers and accused of throwing stones at a road used by settlers.

“At around 3:00 p.m. I was near the main road near my village which is used by Israeli settlers,” says Mahmoud. A short time later an Israeli army jeep arrived on the scene and some soldiers started to chase Mahmoud. The soldiers shouted at Mahmoud to stop and he did. “They approached me and one of them knocked me down and started beating me for about five minutes. Then they tied my hands behind my back with a single plastic tie which was so tight and painful I screamed. Another soldier hit me on the head and told me to shut up in Arabic.” Mahmoud recalls also being blindfolded and then being made to walk to the jeep whilst somebody kept hitting him from behind. He was pushed into the jeep and reports being slapped and kicked once inside.

About 10 minutes later the jeep arrived at the settlement of Zufin. On arrival at the settlement Mahmoud‟s shoes were removed and he was forced to walk over rocks and thorns. “I asked for some water and was brought a bottle. I drank and it was bitter, and then I realised they had given me beer. I spat it out and could hear laughter,” recalls Mahmoud. He was then searched and made to sit outside for about two hours.

About two hours later Mahmoud was placed back in a vehicle and transferred to Huwwara interrogation centre, outside the West Bank city of Nablus. He was detained in a room until the next morning and was not given anything to eat or drink. “I asked a soldier to bring me some food and eventually he brought and empty plate and told me to eat. The other soldiers started laughing at me,” recalls Mahmoud.

The next morning Mahmoud was transferred to Salem interrogation centre, near the West Bank city of Jenin. “When I arrived I was taken to a small room and my hands and feet were still shackled. An interrogator then arrived and said: „I‟ll question you and you better tell me everything you did because if you don‟t this will last for hours and be hard.‟ Prior to questioning, Mahmoud was not given an opportunity to consult with a lawyer and says he was not informed 26 of his rights. Neither of Mahmoud‟s parents were present, a right generally afforded to Israeli settler children when questioned. The interrogator accused Mahmoud of throwing stones and Molotov cocktails. He confessed to throwing one stone but denied throwing Molotov cocktails. “He grabbed me and lifted me off the chair and started slapping me across the face, while shouting at me and calling me a liar and cursing my father,” recalls Mahmoud. The interrogation lasted for about two hours but Mahmoud refused to confess to anything more than throwing one stone. He was then made to sign a statement written in Arabic which he says he was not given an opportunity to read.

Following his interrogation, Mahmoud was transferred to Megiddo prison, inside Israel. The transfer and detention of Mahmoud to a prison inside Israel was in violation of Article 76 of the Fourth Geneva Convention. Mahmoud reports being strip searched on arrival. On 11 September, Mahmoud was brought before a military court for the first time.

Testimony 14 – Child

Name: Said Q. Age: 14 Location: Abu Dis, East Jerusalem Date: 28 August 2012 Nature of incident: Detention

On 28 August 2012, a 14-year-old boy from Abu Dis, in occupied East Jerusalem, is beaten by Israeli soldiers and/or Border Police on his way to buy milk for his little sister. He is then taken to the settlement of Ma’ale Adummim for questioning.

“On Tuesday, at around 8:30 pm, my mother gave me 35 shekels and asked me to go and buy some milk for my little sister,” says 14-year-old Said. “I went to the shop near the Israeli military camp that is well-known in the neighbourhood as a detention centre. Confrontations usually erupt whenever the soldiers drive by on their way to and from the camp.”

“I was approaching the shop when I saw confrontations between Israeli Border Police and Palestinian young men,” recalls Said. “I got stuck between the young men and a military jeep, with stones coming at me. Soldiers got out of the jeep and started chasing the young men. I turned around and tried to take a short cut back home. I saw another Border Police jeep and a soldier got out and ordered me to approach him, while insulting me. He was about five metres away and he even threw a stun grenade that landed between my legs and exploded.” Said tried to run home but he tripped because he was wearing slippers that were too big for him. “A number of soldiers approached while aiming their weapons at me,” he recalls.

“One of them handcuffed my hands behind my back so tight that I felt a lot of pain. I asked him to loosen them but he did not listen,” says Said. “He grabbed me by my neck as if he wanted to choke me and dragged me along the stones and thorns, while slapping me with his other hand on the back and face. He also insulted me.” Said was taken to a military jeep and placed on the metal floor. “Another soldier lifted my shirt over my face so I could not see anything. I think there were four or five of them. They slapped and kicked me,” says Said. “I was on the metal floor, handcuffed behind my back and my shirt pulled over my face. I kept shouting in pain. They also hit me on my back with their rifles. They kept beating me for about three minutes as the jeep traveled to the military camp.”

On arrival at the military camp, Said was thrown out of the jeep and landed in the arms of a soldier. “He head-butted me in my right eye which became blurry for a short time. I also had a severe headache. I closed my eyes and when I opened them, a soldier punched me under my right eye. He then turned me and pushed me against a wall and kicked me on my legs and I fell. I was barefoot after losing my slippers. He then blindfolded me and made me sit on a wooden chair in the yard. Soldiers who passed by either punched me or spat on me,” recalls Said. “I was still handcuffed and blindfolded. They kept me sitting in the yard for about four hours.” Said recalls that somebody started asking him questions in Arabic. “„Who threw Molotov cocktails at us? If you tell me who did it, I‟ll send you home.‟ I told him I didn‟t know,” says Said. “He also cocked his gun to intimidate me into confessing. „Can we shoot him?‟ a soldier asked. „Yes, shoot him. He‟s an animal,‟ a second said. „Don‟t. We‟ll execute him in Ofer,‟ a third said.”

At around 1:00 am, Said was put back in a military vehicle and transferred to the settlement of Ma‟ale Adumim. He was still handcuffed and blindfolded. “The handcuffs were so tight I felt they were cutting into my wrists. I asked for them to be loosened several times but they refused and kept insulting me. On arrival at Ma‟ale Adumim the soldier sitting next to me ordered me to get out and I bumped my head. He started shouting at me.” Said was then dragged before being handed over to somebody else who removed his handcuffs and blindfold. He was asked by a policeman for his father‟s telephone number. The policeman telephoned Said‟s father who came to the police station inside the settlement. Said‟s father was allowed into the interrogation room with his son. “„Where were you going?‟ the police interrogator asked me. „I was going to buy milk for my sister,‟ I said. “Show me the money?‟ he said, and I showed him the money and told him what had happened. He asked me about the bruises and I told him,” recalls Said. “The interrogation was in Arabic and it was audio-visually recorded. It lasted about one-and-a-half hours. Afterwards the interrogator took photos of my bruises. „I recommend you file a lawsuit against the soldiers,‟ he told my father.”

Said signed a statement written in Hebrew and was released at around 3:00 am after his father paid 500 Shekels. “A trial is scheduled to take place in Ofer military court on 30 January 2013,” says Said.

According to Said‟s father, three days after the incident his son started having nightmares and refusing to go out to the store alone at night. He now only goes when accompanied by one of his brothers. Said now also wets his bed, something he never did before. His father also describes how he has become “isolated and depressed” whereas before he loved to go out and have fun.

Testimony 15 – Mother

Name: Amal T. Age: 49 Location: An Nabi Saleh, West Bank Date: 12 January 2012 Nature of incident: Night raid

On 12 January 2012, a 49-year-old woman from the village of An Nabi Saleh, in the occupied West Bank, describes how Israeli soldiers raided her house twice in one night. The village is approximately 500 metres away from the settlement of Hallamish.

“On 12 January 2012, at around midnight, I woke up to the sound of loud banging at our front door,” recalls 49-year-old Amal. “I woke my husband up and told him soldiers were at our door. My husband opened the door and about 14 soldiers stormed the house. They had a big dog with a muzzel on its mouth. I was very frightened and didn‟t like the dog in my house. They wanted to search the house but didn‟t tell us why. The dog went in first and the soldiers followed. I was worried about my young daughters; I didn‟t want them to wake up and find a dog in their bedroom.”

“After searching the house and turning it into a mess one of the soldiers asked for my son Mohammad,” says Amal. “I told him Mohammad is married and lives with his family in Ramallah. He then asked about Mutaz, my younger son and I told him Mutaz lives and works in Ramallah and that he only comes home on weekends. The commander then started to shout at us. He told us to go into one of the bedrooms. We all went into the bedroom where my youngest son was sleeping. He is two years old and I didn‟t want to drag him out of bed in the middle of a cold winter‟s night. The Commander agreed that we could all stay in the room.”

“The Commander ordered us to shut the door. We sat in the room for about an hour while the soldiers searched the house. The whole time we could hear banging and slamming in the other rooms. It sounded like the dog was banging its nozzle against the furniture. It was a terrible feeling to be locked up in a room while soldiers and a dog were searching the house. An hour later the soldiers left the house without saying anything.”

“We came out of the room to inspect any damage they might have caused and of course we could not sleep. About an hour later again we heard loud banging at the door. We couldn‟t believe it. This time I opened the door and about 15 soldiers entered the house. It was a different group of soldiers and they had female soldiers with them. I didn‟t like to see the female soldiers because I thought their presence meant they might arrest me or my daughters,” recalls Amal.

This time around I lost my temper and could not control myself. I started to shout at the soldiers and asked them why they had come back only an hour after a different group of soldiers had already searched the house and found nothing. One of the soldiers shouted back at me and told me to shut up. I didn‟t listen to him; I was fearless and was determined to prevent them from arresting my daughters at any cost.”

“The second group of soldiers searched the house again. They too had a dog with a muzzle with them. They remained in the house for about half an hour and left without saying anything. The second group of soldiers was more aggressive. They shouted at us and pushed us around and threatened to beat us up and to arrest us. It was a terrible night,” says Amal.

“When they left the house we could not sleep for fear that they might come back once more. This is not the first time that my house has been raided in the middle of the night but it was the most terrifying night. I thanked God that my sons were not at home. We never knew what they were looking for and they never presented us with anything in writing.”

Testimony 16 – Children

Names: Noor ad-Deen, Mo‟men and Jalal Daraghmeh Ages: 11, 14 and 17 Location: Al Lubban ash-Sharqiya village, West Bank Date: 28 August 2012 Nature of incident: Settler violence

On 28 August 2012, the Daraghmeh family home is attacked by settlers as the children sleep and other family members work in the yard. Settlers beat an 11-year-old breaking his arm.

Noor ad-Deen, Mo‟men and Jalal live with their family in Lubban ash-Sharqiya, a village south of Nablus in the occupied West Bank. “The village is surrounded by Israeli settlements: the settlement of Ma‟ale Levona about one kilometer to the southeast, the settlement of Eli about two kilometers to the north, and the settlement of Shilo about four kilometers to the east,” explains 11-year-old Noor ad-Deen. “Our house is located on 10 dunams (1 hectare) of agricultural land with a well and a spring,” he adds. 30

On 28 August 2012, at around 8:30 am, Mo‟men and I woke up to my mother shouting, „Please help us. Settlers are attacking!‟” says Noor. “She grabbed me by my hand and pulled me out of the room. I was so terrified I was crying. We were about to exit the room when we were surprised by around 10 Israeli settlers in civilian clothes. They had stormed the house and started attacking us. They were wearing white shirts with straps dangling. They had hair ringlets and were wearing small caps [kippahs]. When I saw them, I started shaking and screaming loudly. I was still holding my mother's hand when suddenly, one of them grabbed me by my shirt, lifted me and threw me about one-and-a-half metres. I fell on the floor and another settler starting hitting me with a stick on my left arm and leg. He was wearing glasses. I was in pain and really terrified.”

Eventually, Noor‟s father and older brother were able to drive the settlers out of the house, but continued to clash with the group outside, while more settlers returned in an attempt to regain access to the house. “I heard banging on the door and stones hitting the windows,” Noor recalls. “We locked ourselves in the room for about 15 minutes, until my father and Jalal called us out.” When the boys came out of the room they found the Israeli army in the house. The settlers had already fled in their cars. The family was held in one room for some time, and Noor‟s 17-year- old brother Jalal was arrested for attacking the settlers.

Noor and his brother Mo‟men we‟re eventually taken to the hospital, where Noor found out his arm was broken. “We feel very scared at night,” says Noor. “We have nightmares because of the attack.” The children‟s mother says the incident has affected them psychologically. According to her, since the day of the attack Noor ad-Deen and Mo‟men refuse to sleep alone and are afraid to go out of the house. They are receiving psychological support from Doctors Without Borders. Their brother Jalal was released on bail on 13 September and is awaiting trial before the Israeli military court. The settlers who attacked them have not been brought to justice.

According to the UN, the attack against the Daraghmeh family is part of an ongoing attempt by Israeli settlers from Ma‟ale Levona settlement to take over the water well and a historical building that are located on the family land. In a recent study, the UN found that Israeli settlers have taken total or partial control over 56 water springs located mostly on private Palestinian land.

Testimony 17 – Woman

Name: Rana H. Age: 20 Location: An Nabi Saleh, West Bank Date: 6 July 2012 31

Nature of incident: Soldier violence

On 6 July 2012, a 20-year-old woman from Ramallah, in the occupied West Bank, is beaten by Israeli soldiers as she peacefully demonstrates against the expansion of a settlement near the village of An Nabi Saleh.

Rana often goes to the village of An Nabi Saleh on Fridays to take part in the weekly protests against the takeover of a village spring by settlers from Hallamish settlement in 2009. Friday, 6 July 2012, was no different.

“As usual, I went to Nabi Saleh to take part in the weekly protest,” recalls Rana. The protesters marched down the main street and headed off to the land where the spring is located. The soldiers responded with tear gas and rubber-coated metal bullets to disperse the demonstrators. Me and a friend decided to go towards the land where an Israeli army watch tower is located; we wanted to witness the clashes that were taking place there between soldiers and some young men from the village. The owner of the land, Atallah, came with us. It was about 3:00 pm and we stood there and watched when a group of soldiers started to shout at us telling us to go away. Atallah told them it was his land and that he had the right to be there but they did not listen to him. We felt we needed to stay there when we saw that Atallah and the soldiers were having an argument, we wanted to give Atallah some kind of protection just by being there. The argument heated up and the soldiers wanted to arrest Atallah. When we tried to stand between him and the soldiers they decided to arrest us. They tied our hands with plastic ties and asked us to sit on the ground by a jeep,” says Rana.

“A female soldier who was there was particularly vicious,” recalls Rana. “She beat me each time I lifted my head up or tried to speak to her. She pulled my hair very aggressively. Atallah who was standing nearby caught my eye just when the female soldier pulled my hair. I smiled back at him and gestured to him that I was o.k. This made the female soldier go mad. She slapped me very hard on my back and shouted at me saying I shouldn‟t smile. She then handed her mobile phone to one of the other soldiers and asked him to take a photo of her standing next to me and my friend sitting on the ground with our hands tied behind our backs. She smiled and held a Palestinian flag as the other soldier took the picture. This was a very humiliating experience. I felt I needed to cry but I held back because I didn‟t want the female soldier to feel triumphant.”

“The soldiers asked Atallah to call home for his identity card. When his wife brought it to the soldiers they released him but my friend and I together with another Israeli person were taken to Benjamina interrogation centre. The female soldier was with us in the jeep and she slapped me without any provocation. She insulted me the whole way,” recalls Rana.

“In Benjamina someone took my figure prints and a saliva sample for DNA. They also took pictures of me. The commander told me I was accused of hitting a soldier and of obstructing his 32 work. He also accused me of being present in a closed military area. I remained silent the whole time except when he told me I was accused of hitting a soldier. I denied this accusation and told him I did not hit anyone.

We were kept in Benjamina from 4:00 pm until 2:00 am the next day. My friend and I were then put in a jeep and were driven to Ofer prison near Ramallah, where we were kept in an outdoor cell because Ofer is not equipped to accommodate women. I remained in Ofer until 4:00 am. I was then taken in a police car to Hasharon prison inside Israel. The car was partitioned into small sections like cages and I could hardly fit there. I was shackled and handcuffed the whole time. In Hasharon I was strip searched which was a terrible experience. I felt the humiliation of being strip searched. I was then placed in solitary confinement in a small cell for two days. My friend was released at Ofer because she was an American citizen and her visa expires in a week. She was released on condition that she does not take part in the weekly protests in An Nabi Saleh.

I was put in the section with the other Palestinian female political prisoners but I was not allowed to speak to them. I spent most of the time sleeping since I was in solitary confinement.

On Monday I appeared in front of a judge. My lawyer was able to argue for my release since they released my friend who was accused of the same exact offences. He also showed a video of my arrest which proves I did not hit any soldier. I was released after the court hearing, but without my personal belongings, they are still in Hasharon prison and I haven‟t been able to get them back yet.

Testimony 18 – Children

Names: Hanan, Baha‟, „Attalla and Hala S. Ages: 11, 7, 6 and 4 Location: Burin village, occupied West Bank Date: 27 February 2012 Nature of incident: Settler violence

On 27 February 2012, a group of 40 settlers from Yitzhar attacked the home of four children in Burin, Nablus, throwing stones and shouting at them to leave. Such attacks are a frequent occurrence in their lives.

53-year-old Hanan Sofan lives just outside the village of Burin, approximately five kilometres south of Nablus. She lives with five of her sons and four grandchildren: Hanan, Baha, Attalla and Hala. The Israeli settlement of Yitzhar, built on village land, is about one kilometre away from their house.

According to Hanan, “the house is frequently attacked by settlers from Yitzhar, who have been trying to kick us out and get our house demolished since 2000. They throw stones and Molotov cocktails at the house, and we had to install a metal net to protect the windows. Our house has been set on fire twice by Molotov cocktails and gasoline since 2000. Both times we were trapped inside the house, because the settlers were outside, armed and ready to shoot.” The settlers have also cut down many of their olive trees, and have killed around 20 of their sheep. “Since the beginning of the second Intifada,” explains Hanan, “most of my children, if not all of them, have been beaten and had stones thrown at them by settlers and soldiers. My grandchildren live in fear.”

On Monday, 27 February 2012, they suffered yet another settler attack. “At around 3:00 pm, we were in the house when we saw around 40 settlers coming down the hill from Yitzhar settlement, with their faces covered, only their eyes were visible,” Hanan explains. “They all seemed young - from 20 to 25 years old -, and were carrying sticks, stones, metal pipes, pliers and knives. When they got near they started throwing stones at the house. We were inside, and got ready to defend ourselves. The settlers kept shouting things we did not understand in Hebrew. They were also saying things in broken Arabic like „Get out of the house. It‟s our house.‟ I shouted back and said: „It‟s our house. Go away!‟ They kept throwing stones at us and we keep stones on the roof to be able to defend ourselves.”

During the attack, “my grandchildren kept crying and shouting because they were terrified. They wet themselves, as they do every time we are attacked,” says Hanan. At some point, men from the village arrived to help Hanan and her family confront the settlers. The confrontations lasted for about an hour. Some settlers “also cut down olive trees.” Then the Israeli army arrived and the settlers retreated back to Yitzhar.

According to Hanan, the villagers often clash with the army, because “the soldiers come to protect the settlers and fire tear gas canisters at us to prevent us from throwing stones at the settlers. Every time there is an attack, we file a complaint at the Israeli District Coordination Office (DCO), but it is useless. According to the Israeli organisation B‟Tselem, we have filed around 120 complaints as a result of settler attacks, but to no avail.”

Hanan says that the children live “in a state of constant dread, waiting for the next settler attack. They are always watching the settlement, trying to be careful in case the settlers come.” In fact, the whole family lives like this. “When some of us go to bed,” she continues, “others stay up to keep watch and protect us all in case the settlers attack us. They often take us by surprise and attack when we are asleep, making us very tense and constantly waiting for the next attack. This affects the children; they live in fear and have bad dreams all the time.” In addition, they have to walk long distances to school because the settlers burned three of the family‟s cars and there is no point in buying another. Hanan concludes: “We are always thinking of ways to help the children and we keep encouraging them not to get worried or scared. Eventually, they will get 34 used to our way of life. We have no other place to go. We will stay in our land, in the house we inherited from our ancestors, no matter the price we have to pay.”

Hanan‟s story was covered by The Telegraph in December 2009 and by CNN in September 2010.

Testimony 19 – Child

Name: Shifa R. Age: 17 Location: Khirbet 'Ein ad Duyuk village, West Bank Date: 23 May 2012 Nature of incident: Settler and soldier violence

On 23 May 2012, a 17-year-old Bedouin girl and her aunt are chased by Israeli soldiers and settlers as they graze the family’s herd of sheep and goats, near Jericho, in the occupied West Bank.

Seventeen-year-old Shifa lives in a small Bedouin community near Jericho, in the West Bank. “My family owns sheep and goats and I often go out into the fields near our house to graze them,” says Shifa. In about 1994, an Israeli settler known as “Shlomo” started building about 400 metres from the village, and he was later joined by other settlers.

“On 23 May 2012, at about 7:00 am, I left the house with my aunt Kifah to graze the sheep and goats as usual,” recalls Shifa. “We wanted to go to the area between the village and the small settlement where about 50 settlers now live. This area does not belong to the settlement but the settlers, especially Shlomo, don‟t let us use it. They want us to leave that area so that they can take it over.”

When we left the house in the morning we asked one of our relatives, Nawal, to keep an eye out for Shlomo and to alert us if she sees him. Nawal sat on a nearby hill overlooking the area and watched. While walking with the herd we heard Nawal shouting, telling us to be careful because an army jeep was in the area. When we heard this we decided to head down to the Wadi to avoid the jeep. All of a sudden we saw the jeep make a quick turn, stirring up a lot of dust. We could not see anything because of the dust but we could still hear the sound of the jeep. My aunt and I were very scared and didn‟t know what to expect. It felt like we were being targeted. We retreated. At this moment we saw Shlomo in his car driving behind us. We realised this must have been planned by the soldiers and Shlomo to either capture us or force us out of the area,” says Shifa.

“Four soldiers carrying guns stepped out of the jeep and started shouting at us in Arabic saying 'come here, come here‟, gesturing with their hands in a way that made it clear to us they wanted us to come closer to them. We were scared and ignored their request and started to run back home with the goats. Shlomo continued to chase us but we ran as fast as we could and made it safely back to the house. My aunt and I quickly changed our clothes so that they wouldn‟t identify us. We could hardly catch our breath and were scared and worried that Shlomo might cause us harm or the soldiers might arrest us.”

“We kept an eye on what was going on outside the house through the windows and we saw the soldiers looking in our direction from a distance of about 50 meters,” recalls Shifa, who saw Shlomo join the soldiers who started to talk with each other. “After about half-an-hour I saw one of the soldiers pointing to my house. I was afraid and thought they might raid the house. The soldiers then moved away but Shlomo remained for another 20 minutes or so and then left. We did not take the goats and sheep back into the fields that day; we felt it was too dangerous. When this happens we have to give the animals feed that costs us a lot of money,” says Shifa.

“This is not the first time that such an incident has happened to us. Settlers have stolen our goats in the past and Shlomo harasses us almost every day and when it is not Shlomo, it is the soldiers. They have one objective; to kick us out of this area so that they can take it. My whole body shivers, even now nearly a month later, as I remember what happened. Shlomo is making our lives a nightmare. Herding our goats and sheep is our only source of income, we know nothing else, this is our capital, and we own nothing else. Herding has become a source of fear and anxiety, not a source of income. I wish my life was without Shlomo and the other settlers,” says Shifa.

WCLAC has recently documented seven cases in which Bedouin women near Jericho report being harassed by an Israeli settler known as “Shlomo”.

Testimony 20 – Child

Name: Wael A. Age: 17 Location: Jauld Village, West Bank Date: 5 February 2011 Nature of incident: Settler violence

On 15 February 2011, 17-year-old Wael A. was shot by an Israeli settler from the settlement outpost of Kida, as he was returning home from farming his family’s land.

Wael lives in the village of Jalud, approximately 15 kilometres from the West Bank city of Nablus. Jalud is surrounded by the settlements of Eli, Shilo, Migdalim and the outpost of Kida. During the first three weeks of 2011 the villages of Jalud and Qusra, four kilometres away, suffered four settler attacks.

On the morning of the shooting, at around 11:00 am, Wael and his brother Shadi (18) went to work in their apple orchard, lying between Jalud and the village of Qusra. Walking along the Qusra-Jalud road, they arrived at 12:00pm. Shadi explains: „We often go to work on the land. We have never had any trouble, as the land is in Area B, which is not a restricted area. Our orchard is about two kilometres away from Kida outpost.‟ The brothers worked until 1:30 pm, when they decided to head home by the same road.

„When we were about 300 metres away from the village, we suddenly saw three men, wearing small caps, about 50 metres away from us. I knew they were settlers because of their weapons, caps, and ringlets,‟ says Shadi. According to Wael, „one of them was carrying a handgun. Another one was carrying a big rifle, and I think the third one was carrying a stick. As soon as they saw us, the settler carrying the handgun fired at us and then they all ran off toward the settlement, disappearing among the olive trees. Just then I felt a pain in my stomach and realised I had been shot.‟

Wael‟s brother phoned their father, who had to drive for over an hour to take his son to hospital in Nablus, as there were no ambulances in the area. On arrival at the hospital, Wael was operated on to remove the bullet, and was released two days later under medication.

Appendix 2 – Detention statistics

Palestinian children held in Israeli military detention Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave 2008 327 307 325 327 337 323 324 293 304 297 327 342 319 2009 389 423 420 391 346 355 342 339 326 325 306 305 355 2010 318 343 342 335 305 291 284 286 269 256 228 213 289 2011 222 221 226 220 211 209 202 180 164 150 161 135 192 2012 170 187 206 220 234 221 211 195 189 - - - 204

Young Palestinian children (12-15 years) held in Israeli military detention Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave 2008 38 40 45 39 37 34 33 21 23 23 25 30 32 2009 50 54 53 47 39 47 42 39 40 44 41 42 44 2010 44 41 39 32 25 23 18 20 32 34 32 30 31 2011 34 45 45 37 38 38 40 34 35 30 33 19 36 2012 26 24 31 33 39 35 34 30 28 - - - 31

Palestinian girls held in Israeli military detention Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave 2008 2 3 3 4 3 6 6 5 6 6 5 7 4.7 2009 5 7 6 6 6 5 4 3 3 0 0 0 3.8 2010 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.3 2011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.2 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 - - - 0.3

Palestinian children held in Israeli administrative detention Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave 2008 18 3 13 12 10 13 13 13 11 8 5 6 10 2009 5 6 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1.8 2010 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1.6 2011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.2 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0

Appendix 3 – Child detention: issues of concern Key 1 Arrested between midnight and 5:00 am. 7 Verbal abuse and/or humiliation 2 Hand ties 8 Solitary confinement 3 Blindfolds 9 Strip searched 4 Transferred on floor of vehicle 10 Signed/shown documents in Hebrew 5 Physical violence 11 Confession 6 Threats 12 Detained inside Israel in violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention

Date of # Name Age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 arrest 1 Shadi H. 15 22 Jan 08 2 Mahmoud D. 17 5 Feb 08 3 Mohammad A. 16 5 Feb 08 4 Ather A. 16 5 Feb 08 5 Abed S. 16 10 Feb 08 6 Ahmad Z. 16 17 Feb 08 7 Mohammad „A. 16 25 Feb 08 8 Fadi D. 14 27 Feb 08 9 Mohammad B. 17 1 Mar 08 10 Imad T. 15 7 Mar 08 11 Samir K. 16 10 Mar 08 12 Jameel K. 14 25 Mar 08 13 Mohammad A. 16 10 Apr 08 14 Simoud A. (Girl) 16 16 Apr 08 15 Abed A. 16 23 Apr 08 16 Wa‟ad H. 16 28 Apr 08 17 Abdulla O. 15 5 May 08 18 Salwa S. (Girl) 16 5 Jun 08 19 Sara S. (Girl) 16 5 Jun 08 20 Entima L. 17 13 Jul 08 21 Hamdi T. 15 25 Jul 08 22 Mohammad B. 17 25 Jul 08 23 Mohammad Q. 16 11 Aug 08 24 Ihab S. 17 11 Aug 08 25 Abdullah A. 16 12 Aug 08 26 Hamdi A. 17 14 Aug 08 27 Mahmoud S. 17 27 Aug 08 28 Mahmoud N. 17 15 Sep 08 29 Muhannad K. 15 7 Oct 08 30 Abed S. 15 23 Oct 08 31 Mujahed S. 17 30 Oct 08 32 Mohammad A. 17 26 Nov 08 33 Mahmoud M. 16 30 Nov 08 39

34 Bara‟a M. (Girl) 14 2 Dec 08 35 Samah S. (Girl) 14 2 Dec 08 36 Hamdi T. 16 18 Dec 08 37 Haitham „Ayasi 17 30 Dec 08 38 Islam M. 12 31 Dec 08 2009 39 Ahmad Q. 15 1 Jan 09 • • • • • 40 Fadi D. 17 1 Jan 09 • • • • • • • • • • 41 Mohammad S. 16 5 Jan 09 • • • • • • 42 Husam H. 15 7 Jan 09 • • • 43 Hamzi F. 15 11 Jan 09 • • • • • 44 Mohammad M. 14 13 Jan 09 Y Y • • • 45 Ahmad S. 17 13 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 46 Mohammad Z. 17 13 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 47 Habib M. 17 14 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y 48 Osaid Q. 12 20 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 49 Imad A. 15 20 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y 50 Mohammad A. 13 20 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 51 Amir Q. 13 20 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y 52 Bashir Q. 12 20 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y 53 Murad Q. 17 20 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 54 Mu‟taz S. 16 22 Jan 09 Y Y 55 Mohammad Z. 17 22 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y 56 Tarik K. 17 22 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 57 Mohammad F. 16 23 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 58 Omar Z. 14 26 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y 59 Mohammad R. 17 30 Jan 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 60 Mohammad W. 15 9 Feb 09 Y Y Y Y 61 Udai M. 17 24 Feb 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 62 Jihad T. 15 25 Feb 09 Y Y 63 Mohammad N. 16 1 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 64 Naji R. 15 6 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y 65 Monther A. 16 10 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 66 Rashad F. 14 21 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 67 Abed A. 15 25 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y 68 Amir K. 16 26 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 69 Rabi‟ D. 13 26 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 70 Ma‟zouz K. 16 26 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 71 Walid O. 15 30 Mar 09 Y Y Y Y Y 72 Hasan S. 16 1 Apr 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 73 Baha M. 16 7 Apr 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 74 Walid M. 17 7 Apr 09 Y Y Y 40

75 Yazan A. 17 8 Apr 09 Y Y Y 76 Maimouna (Girl) 15 22 Apr 09 Y Y Y Y Y 77 Ismail Z. 16 4 May 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 78 Ibrahim H. 16 14 May 09 Y Y Y Y 79 Ahmad N. 15 30 May 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 80 Mustafa D. 15 30 May 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 81 Rami O. 15 30 May 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 82 Hamad S. 13 31 May 09 Y Y Y Y Y 83 Hamad H. 16 1 Jun 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 84 Nedal M. 13 2 Jun 09 Y Y Y Y Y 85 Mohammad Q. 15 14 Jun 09 Y Y Y Y 86 Jihad F. 16 14 Jun 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 87 Mahdi F. 16 25 Jun 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 88 Mohammad H. 16 25 Jun 09 Y Y Y 89 Abdullah H. 17 25 Jun 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 90 Ashraf H. 16 29 Jun 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 91 Mahdi K. 17 2 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 92 Abed O. 17 5 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 93 Mohammad B. 15 6 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 94 Jihad S. 15 14 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y 95 Baha S. 15 14 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 96 Thaer E. 15 14 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 97 Jafar S. 16 14 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 98 Atef H. 16 14 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 99 Jihad S. 15 26 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 100 Moath S. 15 29 Jul 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 101 Abdullah K. 17 9 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 102 Osaid S. 17 10 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 103 Mohammad K. 16 10 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 104 „Ala S. 16 16 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 105 Mahmoud B. 17 18 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y 106 Edrees K. 15 18 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 107 Qusai R. 16 24 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 108 Baha R. 15 24 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 109 Hasan E. 16 31 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 110 Ahmad A. 17 31 Aug 09 Y Y Y Y Y 111 Yousif S. 15 22 Sep 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 112 Abed S. 15 22 Sep 09 Y Y Y Y Y 113 Zeyad M. 15 23 Sep 09 Y Y Y Y 114 Udai „E. 13 30 Sep 09 Y 115 Ahmad R. 15 30 Sep 09 41

116 Ibrahim H. 16 30 Sep 09 Y Y 117 Omar A. 17 30 Sep 09 Y 118 Imran D. 17 30 Sep 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 119 Anas S. 14 3 Oct 09 Y Y Y Y Y 120 Abed H. 16 19 Oct 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 121 Mohammad A. 16 27 Oct 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 122 Malek H. 16 11 Nov 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 123 Ammar T. 17 14 Nov 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 124 Mohammad S. 16 25 Nov 09 Y Y Y Y Y 125 Abed H. 16 26 Nov 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 126 Ahmad H. 16 26 Nov 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 127 Mahmoud F. 14 26 Nov 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 128 Ameer S. 16 9 Dec 09 Y Y Y 129 Khaled K. 15 9 Dec 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 130 Musa „Ebayi 16 9 Dec 09 Y Y Y Y Y 131 Ayman M. 16 9 Dec 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 132 Zakariya E. 14 14 Dec 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 133 Abed B. 14 23 Dec 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 134 Hasan A. 15 30 Dec 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 135 Hasan T. 15 30 Dec 09 Y Y Y Y Y Y 2010 136 Mohammad Q. 15 6 Jan 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 137 Udai „E. 13 6 Jan 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 138 Qusai H. 15 13 Jan 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 139 Yousif N. 14 4 Feb 10 Y Y 140 Mohammad H. 16 6 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y 141 Khaled D. 15 11 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 142 Ahmad G. 14 11 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 143 Nasr S. 15 11 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y 144 Amr „A. 17 11 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 145 Malek N. 15 11 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y 146 Malek O. 14 11 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y 147 Ahmad N. 15 11 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y 148 Mohammad „A. 17 18 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 149 Imad A. 17 21 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 150 Zaki Q. 16 24 Feb 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 151 Ameer M. 10 27 Feb 10 Y 152 Ameed Q. 15 2 Mar 10 Y Y Y Y 153 Ahmad M. 17 18 Mar 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 154 Maher H. 16 18 Mar 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 155 Abed S. 17 18 Mar 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 42

156 Imad H. 17 18 Mar 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 157 Moatasem N. 16 20 Mar 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 158 Ahmad R. 16 1 Apr 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 159 Ahmad S. 13 22 Apr 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 160 Nadeem K. 14 22 Apr 10 Y Y Y Y Y 161 Jihad K. 15 22 Apr 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 162 Hatem S. 15 23 Apr 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 163 Ahmad S. 17 23 Apr 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 164 Jihad A. 16 29 Apr 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 165 Sabreen J. (Girl) 16 30 Apr 10 Y Y Y 166 Sabra S. 17 3 May 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 167 „Ala Q. 16 16 May 10 Y Y Y Y Y 168 Ibrahim M. 15 26 May 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 169 Anan H. 15 6 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y Y 170 Ahmad B. 17 7 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 171 Mohammad M. 16 10 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y 172 Fadi A. 16 10 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y Y 173 Ahmad A. 16 14 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y 174 Nehad „O. 14 14 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y Y 175 Moataz H. 17 14 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y 176 Moa‟az T. 17 17 Jun 10 Y Y Y 177 Imad H. 16 20 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 178 Naji E. 16 20 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y 179 Zeyad B. 17 20 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 180 Ahmad S. 17 25 Jun 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 181 Ahmad Y. 17 1 Jul 10 Y Y Y Y Y 182 Khaled S. 16 1 Jul 10 Y Y Y 183 Saleh H. 16 6 Jul 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 184 Kathem Q. 16 6 Jul 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 185 Malek M. 14 20 Jul 10 Y Y Y Y Y 186 Wasfi J. 17 27 Jul 10 Y Y Y Y Y 187 Nahar I. 16 27 Jul 10 Y Y Y Y 188 Yahia A. 15 5 Aug 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 189 Mohammad B. 16 5 Aug 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 190 Raed R. 14 5 Aug 10 Y Y Y Y Y 191 Obada A. 17 8 Aug 10 Y Y Y Y 192 Ahmad S. 16 9 Aug 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 193 Obaida M. 15 11 Aug 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 194 Murad J. 17 25 Aug 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 195 Malek H. 17 27 Aug 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 196 Raghad S. 14 5 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y 43

197 Naji R. 17 13 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y Y 198 Mohammad O. 14 13 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 199 Bara‟ S. 17 14 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 200 Khalil Q. 13 15 Sep 10 Y Y Y 201 Moaz O. 16 15 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y 202 Jihad E. 16 16 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 203 „Ala O. 14 17 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 204 Ahmad S. 14 17 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y Y 205 Hammoudi S. 17 17 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y 206 Essam S. 16 17 Sep 10 Y Y 207 Mahmoud J. 15 19 Sep 10 Y Y Y Y Y 208 Ibrahim M. 17 19 Sep 10 Y Y Y 209 Karam D. 13 22 Sep 10 Y Y Y 210 Hatem A. 16 4 Oct 10 Y Y Y Y 211 Allam Z. 15 22 Oct 10 Y Y Y Y Y 212 Belal H. 15 23 Oct 10 Y Y Y Y Y 213 Montaser S. 17 7 Nov 10 Y Y Y Y Y 214 Mohammad K. 15 10 Nov 10 Y Y Y 215 Hadeel T. (Girl) 15 14 Nov 10 Y Y Y 216 Mahmoud A. 15 27 Nov 10 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 217 Qusai I. 15 5 Dec 10 Y Y Y Y 218 Waleed S. 17 6 Dec 10 Y Y Y Y Y 2011 219 Mohammad K. 14 1 Jan 11 220 Mohammad F. 14 1 Jan 11 221 Imran K. 15 4 Jan 11 222 Hamza K. 15 5 Jan 11 223 Moataz K. 14 6 Jan 11 224 Yaser S. 15 7 Jan 11 225 Malek S. 16 9 Jan 11 226 Mohammad S. 16 11 Jan 11 227 Mohammad Q. 16 12 Jan 11 228 Abed T. 17 13 Jan 11 229 Rami H. 17 14 Jan 11 230 Ezz Q. 17 14 Jan 11 231 Abed A. 11 25 Jan 11 232 Mohammad T. 15 26 Jan 11 233 Mohammad T. 15 26 Jan 11 234 Moawia R. 16 28 Jan 11 235 Nadeem K. 15 Feb 11 236 Mohammad S. 15 2 Feb 11 237 Rasheed A. 15 6 Feb 11 44

238 Khalil S. 15 16 Feb 11 239 Mahmoud A. 9 18 Feb 11 240 Musa E. 17 22 Feb 11 241 Tareq M. 16 22 Feb 11 242 Mohammad M. 14 22 Feb 11 243 Basel N. 16 23 Feb 11 244 Osama Z. 15 3 Mar 11 245 Ihab A. 15 8 Mar 11 246 „Ala A. 17 8 Mar 11 247 Sami H. 15 8 Mar 11 248 Marwan S. 15 9 Mar 11 249 As‟ad M. 16 11 Mar 11 250 Adam S. 17 11 Mar 11 251 Abed S. 16 13 Apr 11 252 Abdullah S. 15 16 Apr 11 253 Ahmad K. 16 24 Apr 11 254 Mohammad K. 15 24 Apr 11 255 Said H. 15 18 May 11 256 Ihab M. 14 18 May 11 257 Omar H. 13 18 May 11 258 Thaer R. 15 18 May 11 259 Khaled H. 16 18 May 11 260 Ahmad R. 17 20 May 11 261 Mohammad H. 17 31 May 11 262 Othman H. 17 1 Jun 11 263 Saji O. 16 7 Jun 11 264 Ahmad R. 17 26 Jun 11 265 Sameer S. 12 29 Jun 11 266 Kamal E. 16 4 Jul 11 267 Ahmad Z. 16 4 Jul 11 268 Abdullah S. 15 4 Jul 11 269 Mahmoud S. 15 4 Jul 11 270 Ahmad F. 15 6 Jul 11 271 Malek Z. 15 11 Jul 11 272 Deia‟ S. 15 11 Jul 11 273 Mohammad A. 16 22 Jul 11 274 Anas M. 14 1 Aug 11 275 Said Z. 14 1 Aug 11 276 Ezz J. 17 16 Aug 11 277 Suhaib S. 17 31 Aug 11 278 Husam S. 16 4 Sep 11 279 Abdullah E. 15 12 Sep 11 280 Husam S. 15 12 Sep 11 45

281 Mazen Z. 14 12 Sep 11 282 Amir M. 16 13 Sep 11 283 Abed D. 15 14 Sep 11 284 Ibrahim Q. 17 20 Sep 11 285 Karam S. 17 20 Sep 11 286 Moataz H. 15 8 Oct 11 287 Odai A. 17 15 Oct 11 288 Rami J. 17 24 Oct 11 289 Rasheed J. 16 4 Nov 11 290 Saleh N. 17 11 Nov 11 291 Muayyad A. 17 12 Nov 11 292 Thaer A. 17 13 Nov 11 293 Rashad S. 13 17 Nov 11 294 Wadda‟ B. 16 21 Nov 11 295 Mo‟tasem T. 15 24 Nov 11 296 Deia‟ A. 17 28 Nov 11 297 Rebhi A. 17 28 Nov 11 298 Fadel A. 16 28 Nov 11 299 Osaid H. 17 7 Dec 11 300 Ala‟ J. (Girl) 17 7 Dec 11 301 Ali D. 16 14 Dec 11 302 Thaer B. 15 16 Dec 11 2012 303 Mahmoud R. 15 1 Jan 12 304 Abdullah H. 16 1 Jan 12 305 Sa‟d M. 15 4 Jan 12 306 Mahmoud R. 15 4 Jan 12 307 „Ala D. 17 9 Jan 12 308 Ghaleb E. 16 16 Jan 12 309 Mahmoud F. 16 17 Jan 12 310 Khader A. 16 18 Jan 12 311 Baha M. 17 18 Jan 12 188 296 281 99 234 178 169 38 102 91 180 196 Totals 60% 95% 90% 32% 75% 57% 54% 12% 33% 29% 58% 63%

Appendix 4 - Settler violence statistics

Cases of children affected by settler violence – January 2008 to September 2012 # Name/s Age/s Date Description Sally was pushed and grabbed by the neck when she and 1 Sally L. 11 19 Sep 2012 her brother confronted a settler after he damaged their water tank in Hebron. Isra was injured when a settler pushed her down the 2 Isra S. 7 5 Sep 2012 stairs leading to her house and sprayed gas in her face in East Jerusalem. Settlers from Ma'ale Levona broke into the home of the Noor, 11, 14 28 Aug 2012 Daraghmeh family and beat 11-year-old Noor breaking 3 Mo'men and his arm. Noor and his brother Mo‟men were attacked and 17 30 Sep 2012 Jalal again on 30 September 2012, when a settler tried to run them over. Iman and Iman and Mohammad suffered burns after settlers from Mohammad Bat Ayin threw a Molotov cocktail at their car near 4 4 and 5 16 Aug 2012 Bethlehem. Three settler children were questioned by

the police and subsequently released on bail. Hamzi and his brothers were grazing sheep near their 5 Hamzi J. 8 21 Jul 2012 house south of Hebron when settlers from Ma‟on attacked them with stones. Hanan, Younis and his siblings live in the old city of Hebron, Khaled, 2,4, 9 and their house is a frequent target of settler attacks. 6 23 Jun 2012 Younis and and 14 Earlier this year, Younis was hit in the head when Raghad settlers threw stones at their house. Ruba, Ruba and her siblings were terrified when settlers from Rua‟a, 4,10,14 Yitzhar settlement attacked their village, „Asira al 7 Makhlouf 19 May 2012 and 17 Qibliya, near Nablus. Their house is frequently targeted and by the settlers. Mohammad Hadeel, Hadeel and her siblings were terrified when settlers 3, 11 Ahmad and 19 May 2012 from Yitzhar settlement near Nablus attacked their 8 and 15 Mohammad village, „Asira al Qibliya, near Nablus. Their house is frequently targeted by the settlers. Abdul Abdul was injured when settlers threw stones at him in 9 9 26 May 2012 Rahman B. the old city of Hebron. Ameer was attacked and beaten by a settler as he walked 10 Ameer B. 10 30 Apr 2012 home from school in East Jerusalem. Mahran was injured when settlers threw stones at his 11 Mahran H. 9 29 Apr 2012 house in the old city of Hebron. Settlers from Yitzhar settlement attacked Amin‟s school 12 Amin S. 13 26 Apr 2012 in the village of Urif, near Nablus. Clashes ensued with the Israeli army and Amin was shot with a rubber-coated 47

steel bullet. Settler attacks on the school are frequent. Odai and 3 and Odai and Hammam were attacked by settlers from 13 21 Apr 2012 Hammam 12 Shim‟a as they walked to their family land near Hebron. Izat‟s mule cart was stolen by settlers in the old city of Hebron. As he argued with Israeli soldiers to get the cart 14 Izat J. 14 10 Mar 2012 back, he was attacked by an Israeli border policeman and then detained at Kiryat Arba‟s police station. Eight children from the Tawil family were terrified Tawil when 20 to 30 settlers from Gilad outpost attacked their 15 Family (8 2 to 17 28 Feb 2012 home in Fara‟ta, Qalqiliya, with sticks, shovels and children) knives. Sofan Settlers from Yitzhar settlement threw stones and bottles 4, 6, 7 Family (4 27 Feb 2012 at the Sofan family house, located in the outskirts of 16 and 11 children) Burin, near Nablus. Their house is a frequent target of settler attacks and the children live in fear. Ibrahim was beaten by a settler outside his home in the 17 Ibrahim A. 12 8 Jan 2012 old city of Hebron. The same settler had assaulted him a year before in the same spot. Arafat was walking in the old city of Hebron when a 18 Arafat B. 17 30 Dec 2011 settler grabbed him and sprayed gas in his face in full view of Israeli soldiers manning the checkpoint. Mustafa was threatened with a knife by an Israeli settler 19 Mustafa Q. 11 28 Dec 2011 in the old city of Hebron. Isra and Dania were travelling home in their family car Dania S. and 20 1 and 9 12 Dec 2011 when it was pelted with stones by settlers near Qarne Isra R. Shomoron, in the north of the West Bank. Said was playing near his grandfather‟s house located in the village of Khirbet Zakariya, near Bethlehem, when a 21 Said A. 9 7 Nov 2011 settler driving nearby called him to the window of his car and sprayed gas on his face. Adham was hospitalised after being beaten by settlers 22 Adham M. 14 21 Oct 2011 from Esh Kodesh settlement outpost as he picked olives outside the village of Jalud, near Nablus. Mohammad was hospitalised with internal bruising after Mohammad being hit by a tear gas canister fired during a settler 23 16 23 Sep 2011 O. attack on his village of Qusra, near Nablus. The settlers were from Esh Kodesh outpost. Fathi was hospitalised after being detained and beaten for approximately five hours by Israeli soldiers during a 24 Fathi H. 15 23 Sep 2011 settler attack on his village of Qusra, near Nablus. The settlers were from Esh Kodesh outpost. Aref was hospitalised when he was hit with a tear gas 25 Aref A. 14 20 Sep 2011 canister fired by Israeli soldiers during a settler attack on his village of „Asira al Qibliya, near Nablus. The settlers 48

were from Yitzhar. Bassam was hospitalised after being attacked by settlers 26 Bassam H. 12 20 Aug 2011 from Ramat Migron outpost as he grazed his sheep near Ramallah. Ghazi, Hedaya and Nehaya were injured during a settler Ghazi, attack on their Bedouin tents, located near Ramallah. 5, 11, 27 Hedaya and 19 Jul 2011 The settlers were from Ma‟ale Mikhmas. Their 13 Nehaya community was later forced to leave the area by the Israeli Civil Administration. The truck Hasan was travelling in was held up at 28 Hasan E. 17 11 Jun 2011 gunpoint and stoned by a group of settlers from Esh Kodesh outpost, on the Qusra-Jalud Road, near Nablus. Asa‟d was harvesting near his village of Fara‟ta, Qalqiliya, when he and other farmers were attacked by 29 Asa‟d T. 16 2 Jun 2011 settlers from Gilad outpost. During the ensuing clashes, he was hit in the eye by a tear gas canister fired by Israeli soldiers. According to reports, Milad was shot by a settler guard 30 Milad A. 17 13 May 2011 during protests in Silwan. He died in hospital the following day. Marwan and Marwan and Wa‟ad were pelted with stones by settlers 31 6 and 6 7 May 2011 Wa'ad in the old city of Hebron. Yazan was injured in the head when settlers threw 32 Yazan H. 13 24 Apr 2011 stones at their car near Nablus. Mohammad and his family were evicted from their Mohammad home in Sheikh Jarrah, East Jerusalem in 2009. As he 33 13 19 Apr 2011 G. was playing football with friends from the neighbourhood, two settlers tried to spray gas on them. Amed passed out from tear gas inhalation when a group of settlers from Yitzhar attacked his village of Burin, 34 Amed I. 10 13 Apr 2011 near Nablus. The Israeli army used tear gas to disperse the Palestinian residents. Awni and his sister were beaten by settlers in two Awni and 11 and 35 20 Mar 2011 separate attacks occurring within minutes of each other Marwa 8 in the old city of Hebron. Yahia was shot in the stomach during clashes between 36 Yahia M. 15 7 Mar 2011 settlers from Esh Kodesh outpost and villagers in an attack on the village of Qusra, near Nablus. Ibrahim was shot in the back during clashes between 37 Ibrahim H. 15 7 Mar 2011 settlers from Esh Kodesh outpost and villagers in an attack on the village of Qusra, near Nablus. Majd and Mohammad were traumatised when settlers Majd and 38 3 and 4 28 Feb 2011 from Yitzhar attacked their home in Huwwara, near Mohammad Nablus, with Molotov cocktails. 49

Ahmad was hospitalised after being hit by a stone fired 39 Ahmad N. 16 22 Feb 2011 from a settler‟s slingshot during an attack on the village of Burin, near Nablus. The settlers were from Bracha. Wael was shot by a settler from the outpost of Kida as 40 Wael A. 17 15 Feb 2011 he was returning home from farming his family‟s land in Jalud, near Nablus. Yousif was shot and killed by a settler from Bat Ayin 41 Yousif E. 15 28 Jan 2011 during an attack on his village of Beit Ummar, near Hebron. Settlers from Esh Kodesh outpost attacked Ramzi‟s 42 Ramzi S. 14 13 Jan 2011 village of Qusra, near Nablus. Ramzi was injured in the head with a stone thrown by a settler. Settlers from Esh Kodesh outpost attacked Ahmad‟s village of Qusra, near Nablus. He was hit by a stone 43 Ahmad H. 16 13 Jan 2011 thrown by settlers. Then he inhaled tear gas and passed out during clashes with the army. Ismail and Baha were chased and beaten by settlers from Ismail M. 16 and Dotan as they walked towards their village near Jenin, 44 17 Dec 2010 and Baha J. 17 and were then detained by the Israeli army and interrogated. Ahmad and Neda were hit by stones thrown by settlers Ahmad Z. 9 and during confrontations between students and settlers at 45 11 Nov 2010 and Neda 11 the entrance to their school in the village of Tuqu‟, near Bethlehem. As Nareman was taking his neighbour‟s son Mustafa to Mustafa Q. 3 and the shops, they were verbally abused by a settler who 46 and 12 Oct 2010 12 then followed them to Nareman‟s house and tried to Nareman grab Mustafa through the door. Imran was run over by a settler car as he participated in 47 Imran M. 12 8 Oct 2010 stone-throwing protests in Silwan, East Jerusalem. Enas was hit with a stone thrown by a settler as he was 48 Enas Q. 8 15 Aug 2010 going to the shops in the old city of Hebron. Anas was beaten by five settlers in the old city of 49 Anas E. 9 14 Aug 2010 Jerusalem. Ibrahim and Moataz were walking near the Bethlehem- Ibrahim B. 16 and Hebron road when a settler car stopped nearby, the 50 3 Jun 2010 and Moataz 16 driver lowered the window and started shooting at them. Moataz was hit in the leg and Ibrahim in the back. The day before a group of settlers entered Aysar‟s village, Al Mazra‟a ash Sharqiya, near Ramallah, to 51 Aysar Z. 15 13 May 2010 intimidate the residents. The next day Aysar and his friends went to throw stones at settler cars. One of the cars pulled over and a settler opened fire, killing Aysar. 52 Basel D. 16 23 Mar 2010 Basel was arrested at around 6:00 pm. He was taken to a 50

military base where he was beaten by soldiers and settlers before being interrogated. He was released at 3:00 am, far from his home, on a road used by settlers. Ameed was grazing sheep with his brother near „Iraq Burin village, when a big group of armed settlers 53 Ameed Q. 17 9 Feb 2010 approached. As they tried to gather the sheep and escape he was shot in the back by a settlement security guard. Amna was beaten by a group of settlers as she walked home from a solidarity tent for of an evicted Palestinian 54 Amna N. 16 16 Jan 2010 family in Sheikh Jarrah. Israeli policemen looked on and did not intervene. Nabeel was beaten by four settlers near his house in the 55 Nabeel R. 14 12 Dec 2009 Old City of Hebron. Israeli soldiers looked on and did not intervene. Rafat and his father were working in their land near the 56 Rafat D. 13 11 Dec 2009 settlement of Immanu‟el, Salfit, when four armed settlers arrived, beat them and threatened to shoot them. Majd was walking near the Rafafa settlement, Salfit, when he was beaten by two settlers. Two military jeeps 57 Majd M. 13 9 Dec 2009 arrived and arrested him. He was detained in Megiddo Prison inside Israel for four nights. Sharehan‟s house in Hebron was pelted with stones by settlers. As Sharehan filmed the incident, the whole 58 Sharehan Z. 16 14 Nov 2009 family was punished by Israeli soldiers who made them stand outside in the yard for one hour in the cold. Mohammad was attacked and beaten by four settlers on Mohammad 59 13 31 Oct 2009 his way to buy groceries with his sister near Kiryat D. Arba, Hebron. One settler broke his hand with a stick. Attacked by a group of settlers with stones as they Muhannad, grazed their goats, near „Iraq Burin, Nablus. All boys Mohammad, 13 to 60 24 Oct 2009 sustained bruises and/or bleeding and one boy had his Isa, Deeb 15 arm broken. Abed was injured by a tear gas canister and Abed fired by Israeli soldiers who arrived on the scene. Iyad was grazing goats with a friend near the settlement of Yizhar when he was attacked by settlers armed with 61 Iyad H. 17 15 Sep 2009 knives, sticks, hatchets, ropes, slingshots and tear gas canisters. The settlers also stabbed the goats. Ameer was shot in the leg at one-metre distance by a 62 Ameer F. 15 11 Sep 2009 settler outside the old city of Jerusalem. Jameel was walking through a field to his home when he 63 Jameel H. 16 13 Jul 2009 was detained by Israeli soldiers. He was taken to a checkpoint blindfolded and hand tied, and was forced to stand while settlers threw stones at him. 64 Anas Q. 16 4 Jul 2009 Anas was riding his bicycle in Hebron when settlers in a car hit his bicycle from behind, got out of the vehicle, 51

and beat him. 65 Isa Q. 10 14 Jun 2009 Isa was pushed by settlers when he entered their land to retrieve a football in Silwan, East Jerusalem. Mohammad Mohammad was shot in the back by a settler who 66 16 27 Apr 2009 opened fire from his car, which was parked on a bypass F. road leading to Yitzhar settlement, near Nablus. Diana, Diana, Mohammad and Qusai were psychologically 15, 11, 67 Mohammad 8 Apr 2009 affected after a group of about 200 settlers, protected by and 9 and Qusai six soldiers, attacked their village of Safa, near Hebron. Sameer and Mustafa were assaulted by three soldiers and a settlement security officer while grazing sheep Sameer and 15 and 68 3 Apr 2009 near Ma'on settlement. They were then detained and Mustafa 16 settlers threw stones at them while they were shackled and blindfolded. Ali was shot by a settler as he walked back home from 69 Ali H. 15 9 Feb 2012 the grocery store in the village of Husan, near Bethlehem. Yousef and Mohammad were irrigating their families‟ Yousef M. crops in Qaryut village, near Nablus, when they were 16 and 70 and 9 Jan 2012 shot at by a group of settlers. Yousef was shot in the 17 Mohammad right arm. The boys were then detained by the Israeli army for nine days. Hamed was shot in the leg by a settler while 71 Hamed A. 15 29 Dec 2008 demonstrating against the settlers' confiscation of village land in Bani Na‟im, near Hebron. Razan was beaten by a group of settler women during a settler demonstration in the old city of Hebron. The 72 Razan K. 14 4 Dec 2008 settlers were protected by Israeli soldiers. Razan‟s arm was broken. Basel was hit and injured in the chest by stone-throwing 73 Basel M. 11 26 Nov 2008 settlers as he walked to his grandfather's house in Hebron. Raghad was standing outside her house with her mother 74 Raghad M. 4 26 Nov 2008 when she was hit and injured in the head by a stone- throwing settler. Bilal was at his grandfather's grocery store in Hebron 75 Bilal D. 5 8 Nov 2008 when settlers stormed the shop and began hurling stones. Bilal hit with a stone in the head. Yousef was beaten by two settlers as he walked to 76 Yousef A. 12 3 Nov 2008 school in the old city of Hebron. Sundos was assaulted by a group of settler children as 77 Sundos A. 14 28 Oct 2008 she walked to the grocery store with her 10-year-old cousin in the old city of Hebron. Raghad was injured in her left knee when settlers threw 78 Raghad A. 10 25 Oct 2008 a barrage of stones at her uncle's house in the old city of 52

Hebron. Hisham and Mediha were picking olives with their Hisham and 6 and family in the village of Kafr Qalil, near Nablus, when a 79 10 Oct 2008 Mediha M. 12 group of settlers started throwing stones at them. Both children were injured. Mu‟atez was assaulted by settlers while picking olives 80 Mu‟atez H. 13 2 Oct 2008 with his family near the settlement of Ramat Yishai in the old city of Hebron. Wafa was visiting her family in the village of „Asira al Qibliya when settlers, accompanied by the army, raided 81 Wafa R. 17 13 Sep 2008 the village. She was shot in the right hand by a live bullet fired by an Israeli soldier and sustained nerve damage. Hamzi was mixing concrete on the roof of a house in Hebron when he was assaulted by a group of settlers. 82 Hamzi H. 15 7 Aug 2008 The settlers beat him and pushed him from the roof onto an adjacent roof three metres below. Nijem was standing outside the gate of his school in Hebron when settlers started throwing stones, iron rods 83 Nijem J. 12 22 May 2008 and glass bottles at the schoolchildren. Nijem was hit by a stone in the hand. Hamam was in his house in the village of „Asira al Qibliya, near Nablus, when he saw settlers from Yitzhar 84 Hamam L. 15 3 May 2008 setting village crops on fire. He went to put off the fire and was hit in the head with a stone thrown by a settler. Mohammad was fatally shot in the head by a settler while protesting Israel‟s incursion “Operation Warm Mohammad 85 17 3 Mar 2008 Winter” in Gaza. The settler was riding on a bus on the S. bypass road leading to Talmon settlement when he got out and opened fire on the demonstrators.

Appendix 5 – Reports on women, child detention and settler violence

# Date Report Brief description This report illustrates some of the day- WCLAC - Women‟s Voices: to-day challenges faced by Palestinians 1 October 2012 Glimpses of Life Under living under prolonged military Occupation occupation through the eyes of ordinary women.41 This report contains nearly 50 testimonies provided by soldiers who Breaking the Silence - Children served in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. 2 August 2012 and Youth: Soldiers‟ Testimonies It describes the realities of everyday life 2005-2011 for Palestinian children living under military occupation.42 This report classified for the first time US State Department‟s Country 3 July 2012 settler attacks against Palestinians as Reports on Terrorism terrorist incidents. 43 This report is an evaluative analysis of Israeli military law and practice as they 4 June 2012 UK Lawyers – Children in affect Palestinian children in the West Military Custody Bank by reference to the standards of international law and international children‟s rights.44 In the section on Israel and the Occupied Territories this report talks about the US State Department‟s Annual increase in settler violence, the lack of 5 May 2012 Human Rights‟ Report protection for Palestinians provided by the Israeli army, and the lack of accountability for perpetrators. 45 UNOCHA - Settlements in This fact sheet focuses on the impact of 6 April 2012 Palestinian Residential Areas in settlements in Palestinian East Jerusalem neighbourhoods of East Jerusalem.46 UNOCHA - The humanitarian This report focuses on the impact of impact of the takeover of settler activity on Palestinian access to, 7 March 2012 Palestinian water springs by and use of water springs throughout the Israeli settlers West Bank.47 This report focuses on the lack of Yesh Din - Law Enforcement accountability for perpetrators of settler 8 March 2012 upon Israeli Civilians in the West attacks against Palestinians and their Bank property.48 This report reiterates that the acquisition EU Heads of Mission Report on of territory by force is inadmissible, and 9 February 2012 Settler Violence that Israeli settlements are illegal under international law. It calls for 54

accountability for perpetrators and criticises the application of two different legal systems for settlers and for Palestinians.49 This fact sheet includes information about settlements, their illegality under international law, impunity for UNOCHA - The Humanitarian perpetrators of settler attacks, the impact 10 January 2012 Impact of Israeli Settlement of settlement expansion on the Policies Fact Sheet Palestinian population, and the discrimination before the law against Palestinians.50 This report addresses the impact of Israel‟s unilateral annexation of East DCI-Palestine - Voices from East Jerusalem on the Palestinian population, 11 August 2011 Jerusalem, The Situation facing and looks specifically at three issues: Palestinian Children house demolitions, child detention and settler violence.51 B‟Tselem – No Minor Matter: This report indicates that the rights of Violation of the Rights of minors are severely violated, that the law 12 July 2011 Palestinian Minors Arrested by almost completely fails to protect their Israel on Suspicion of Stone- rights, and that the few rights granted by Throwing the law are not implemented.52 This report examines the humanitarian UNOCHA – East Jerusalem: Key impact of Israeli measures in East 13 March 2011 Humanitarian Concerns Jerusalem, such as the Wall, settlements and planning and zoning restrictions.53 This report gives an overview on DCI-Palestine - Under Attack: settlements and documents 38 incidents 14 November 2010 Settler Violence against of settler violence against children Palestinian Children during a two year period, in which three children were killed, and 42 injured.54 This report highlights the direct Who Profits - Financing the 15 October 2010 involvement of Israeli banks in Israeli Occupation settlement activity55 B‟Tselem - By Hook and By This report analyses the means employed 16 July 2010 Crook: Israeli Settlement Policy in by Israel to gain control of land for the West Bank building the settlements. 56 This report highlights nine separate DCI-Palestine - Under Attack: incidents of settler attacks including Settler Violence against 17 November 2008 shootings, beatings and stone-throwing Palestinian Children in the incidents, resulting in injuries to 12 Occupied Territory Palestinian children. 57

Appendix 6 – Media reports on child detention and settler violence

# Date Agency Article title Statement on the increasing number and severity of 1 5 September 2012 EU settler attacks against Palestinian civilians58 For first time, U.S. State Department defines settler 2 18 August 2012 Haaretz violence as terrorism59 Jewish settler attacks on Palestinians listed as 3 19 August 2012 The Guardian „terrorist incidents‟ by US60 New York Times – 61 4 11 July 2012 The West Bank – What About Fairness? video 5 9 July 2012 The Independent Israeli settlements can face trade bans, says counsel62 6 26 May 2012 Haaretz Israeli settler shoots Palestinian in West Bank63 Israeli settler shoots at Palestinians while IDF 7 20 May 2012 Haaretz soldiers stand by 64 EU: Israel‟s policies in the West Bank endanger two- 8 14 May 2012 Haaretz state solution 65 9 25 April 2012 Financial Times Unsettling actions in the West Bank66 Israel „turning blind eye‟ to West Bank settlers‟ 10 21 March 2012 The Guardian attacks on Palestinians67 The Palestinian children – alone and bewildered – in 11 24 January 2012 The Guardian Israel's Al Jalame jail68 Sydney Morning Palestinians live in fear for their lives as two-state 12 16 January 2012 Herald solution hopes fade69 Stories from the Old City: „We are not living like 13 1 December 2011 The Independent human beings‟70 14 26 November 2011 The Australian Stone Cold Justice71 UN rights chief urges Israel to 'protect Palestinian 15 11 October 2011 Haaretz civilians' from settler attacks72 In occupied West Bank, Jews and Arabs see different 16 5 September 2011 Haaretz sides of justice73 Jewish settlers are terrorising Palestinians, says 17 18 July 2011 The Independent Israeli general74 East Jerusalem: Sharing our house with settlers - 18 8 June 2011 The Guardian video75 Palestinian children face daily settler attacks getting 19 23 November 2009 IPS to school76 20 27 April 2009 BBC Settler injures West Bank youth

Footnotes

1 DCI-Palestine was established in 1991, and is a national section of the international non-governmental child rights organisation, DCI-International. DCI-International was established in 1979 and has consultative status with ECOSOC. DCI-Palestine provides free legal assistance, collects evidence, researches and drafts reports and conducts advocacy on behalf of Palestinian children. WCLAC is a Palestinian non-governmental organisation established in 1991 and is based in Ramallah. WCLAC aims to address the causes and consequences of gender- based violence within the community as well as the gender-specific effects of prolonged military occupation. 2 UN Charter – article 2. 3 Breaking the Silence - http://www.breakingthesilence.org.il/about/organization 4 Breaking the Silence – Soldiers‟ Testimonies: Children and Youth (2005-2011) – Testimony 1. 5 Breaking the Silence – Soldiers‟ Testimonies: Children and Youth (2005-2011) – Testimony 6. 6 Breaking the Silence – Soldiers‟ Testimonies: Children and Youth (2005-2011) – Testimony 11. 7 Breaking the Silence – Soldiers‟ Testimonies: Children and Youth (2005-2011) – Testimony 17. 8 Breaking the Silence – Soldiers‟ Testimonies: Children and Youth (2005-2011) – Testimony 21. The relationship between the Israeli army and settlers was considered in a recent article in Haaretz newspaper – Caught between settlers and Palestinians, IDF commanders discuss difficult choices, 19 October 2012 – Available at: bit.ly/WPLysF 9 Breaking the Silence – Soldiers‟ Testimonies: Children and Youth (2005-2011) – Testimony 35. 10 Breaking the Silence – Soldiers‟ Testimonies: Children and Youth (2005-2011) – Testimony 44. 11 B‟Tselem, No Minor Matter: Violation of the Rights of Palestinian Minors Arrested by Israel on Suspicion of Stone Throwing, page 5. 12 B‟Tselem, Attacks on Israeli Civilians by Palestinians, available at: http://is.gd/mqWxdX 13 UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Professor John Dugard, “Human Rights Situation in Palestine and Other Occupied Arab Territories” (21 January 2008, A/HRC/7/17 – paragraph 45; and B‟Tselem – Statistics on Palestinians in the custody of Israeli security forces (2008 to 2012). 14 DCI-Palestine, Bound, Blindfolded and Convicted: Children held in military detention (April 2012) – Available at: http://is.gd/cFBSgP 15 B‟Tselem, Soldiers wake children up in Nabi Saleh to photograph them, 2011 – Available at: http://is.gd/LpnDZe; WCLAC, Women‟s Voices, Bushra T., night raids – Available at: http://is.gd/5R5Mnr; and B‟Tselem, Show of Force: Israeli Military Conduct in Weekly Demonstrations in a-Nabi Saleh, 2011 – Available at: http://is.gd/vof9EV 16 WCLAC Bulletin, July 2012. Available at: http://is.gd/iFkmvd 17 DCI-Palestine, Bound, Blindfolded and Convicted: Children held in military detention (April 2012), pages 24-29 – Available at: http://is.gd/cFBSgP 18 Ibid., page 26. 19 Ibid., pages 30-33. 20 Ibid., pages 34-40. 21 Ibid., page 41. 22 Haaretz, Nearly 100% of all military court cases in the West Bank end in conviction, Haaretz learns, 29 November 2011 – Available at: http://is.gd/U7rMTk 23 DCI-Palestine, Urgent Appeal – Forcible transfer of children. Available at: http://is.gd/ftreIB 24 DCI-Palestine, Bound, Blindfolded and Convicted: Children held in military detention (April 2012) – Available at: http://is.gd/cFBSgP 25 WCLAC, Women‟s Voices: Glimpses of Life Under Occupation, October 2012, page 57. Available at: http://is.gd/fyuy5Q 26 UK lawyers‟ report, Children in Military Custody, June 2012 – Available at: http://is.gd/EM6Imu 27 Haaretz, “Most Israeli Jews would support apartheid regime in Israel”, 23 October 2012. Available at: http://is.gd/RTIigi 28 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) – Israeli settler violence in the West Bank, November 2011. Available at: http://is.gd/pp7yoq 29 Yesh Din – Criminal Accountability of Israeli Civilians. Available at: http://is.gd/WWTJaj 30 UNOCHA – Israeli settler violence in the West Bank, November 2011. Available at: http://is.gd/pp7yoq; UNOCHA – Protection of Civilians Weekly Report (27 June-10 July 2012). Available at: http://is.gd/dshdco 31 B‟Tselem – Violence by Settlers. Available at: http://is.gd/ALiRQP 32 Haaretz (19 June 2012) – “Mosque in West Bank village set alight in suspected „price tag‟ attack.” Available at: http://is.gd/VVqut7 57

33 UNOCHA – Israeli settler violence in the West Bank, November 2011. Available at: http://is.gd/pp7yoq. 34 Yesh Din – Law Enforcement upon Israeli Civilians in the West Bank, 27 March 2012. Available at: http://is.gd/vtmhRU 35 Yesh Din – Alleged Investigation: The Failure of Investigations into Offenses Committed by IDF Soldiers Against Palestinians (August 2011) – page 101. 36 US State Department, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011 – Israel and the occupied territories. Available at: http://is.gd/7zvQG4. 37 The Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD). Available at: http://is.gd/tY4EuH 38 EU statement, 5 September 2012. Available at: http://is.gd/PjyzvE 39 Haaretz, 18 August 2012. Available at: http://is.gd/iOkU5V 40 The Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD) – http://is.gd/tY4EuH 41 WCLAC - Women‟s Voices: Glimpses of Life Under Occupation - http://is.gd/5oUn9O 42 Breaking the Silence - Children and Youth: Soldiers‟ Testimonies 2005 – 2011 - http://is.gd/tSK490 43 US State Department‟s Country Reports on Terrorism (July 2012) - http://is.gd/a5fwwz 44 UK Lawyers – Children in Military Custody - http://is.gd/EM6Imu 45 US State Department Annual Human Rights‟ Report (May 2012) - http://is.gd/7zvQG4 46 UNOCHA - Settlements in Palestinian Residential Areas in East Jerusalem (April 2012) - http://is.gd/scfDQy 47 UNOCHA - The humanitarian impact of the takeover of Palestinian water springs by Israeli settlers (March 2012) - http://is.gd/7wXzNA 48 Yesh Din – Law Enforcement upon Israeli Civilians in the West Bank (March 2012) - http://is.gd/qAhxYf 49 EU Heads of Mission Report on Settler Violence - http://is.gd/Nkvap7 50 UNOCHA - The Humanitarian Impact of Israeli Settlement Policies Fact Sheet (January 2012) http://is.gd/gpZsqS 51 DCI-Palestine – http://is.gd/WvBYoh 52 B‟Tselem – No Minor Matter: Violation of the Rights of Palestinian Minors Arrested by Israel on Suspicion of Stone-Throwing - http://is.gd/nyPSNN 53 UNOCHA - http://is.gd/FsLDkP 54 DCI-Palestine – http://is.gd/Q4xLEVm 55 Who Profits - http://is.gd/C8SLBr 56 B‟Tselem - http://is.gd/pzzIL3 57 DCI-Palestine - http://is.gd/Ax5lOh 58 EU - http://is.gd/G1JxR8 59 Haaretz - http://is.gd/DYYub7 60 The Guardian - http://is.gd/hFfW1J 61 New York Times - http://is.gd/sCJEH0 62 The Independent - http://is.gd/71lLzl 63 Haaretz - http://is.gd/z3oF8e 64 Haaretz - http://is.gd/zYb8hM 65 Haaretz - http://is.gd/9gbSQu 66 Financial Times - http://is.gd/KRpoKL 67 The Guardian - http://is.gd/nqR28V 68 The Guardian - http://is.gd/gGDV3E 69 Sydney Morning Herald - http://is.gd/Atob5c 70 The Independent - http://is.gd/a4RJaw 71 The Australian - http://is.gd/Isy4RZ 72 Haaretz - http://is.gd/qVovoU 73 Haaretz - http://is.gd/ZSiJME 74 The Independent - http://is.gd/s1VsNh 75 The Guardian – http://is.gd/KtuRnn 76 IPS - http://is.gd/gzqPlM