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Short Communication Conservation assessment of two rare gingers () from , ,

Pankaj Kumar & Priya Singh

26 April 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 5 | Pages: 11599–11605 10.11609/jot.3797.10.5.11599-11605

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11599–11605

Conservation assessment of two rare gingers (Zingiberaceae) from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India

1 2 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Pankaj Kumar & Priya Singh Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Lam Tsuen, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China 2 Researchers for Wildlife Conservaton (RWC), Natonal Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, OPEN ACCESS Bengaluru 560065, India 1 [email protected] (Corresponding author), 2 [email protected]

Abstract: This work reports the distributon of two rare Zingiberaceae, due to their use in medicine, food, perfumes, or as Globba spathulata and Hemiorchis pantlingii, in Dampa Tiger Reserve, ornamental . Within India, around 200 species of a protected area, located in Mizoram, northeastern India. Both these species have a distributon restricted to the northeastern part of India Zingiberaceae are found, belonging to 20 genera (Kumar and the adjoining countries of Bangladesh, and northern et al. 2013), popular amongst which are turmeric and Thailand. In this study, we enumerate the species, present their current global distributon and conduct a conservaton assessment for them. ginger, used commonly in most Indian homes. The study indicates presence of rare foral species in the protected landscape, and a lack of ecological and conservaton atenton to the Materials and Methods region. A conservaton assessment conducted for both species, based on their existng global distributon and potental threats, identfes This work is based on records of two rare the species as ‘Vulnerable’. Zingiberaceae, Globba spathulata Roxb. and Hemiorchis pantlingii King, encountered in Dampa Tiger Reserve Keywords: Chitagong Hill Tract Region, Globba spathulata, Hemiorchis pantlingii, Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, Lushai hills. (TR), Mizoram, India, in April 2014. Dampa TR is a protected area, located in the Lushai Hills of western Mizoram, along a transitonal zone with the Chitagong Hill Tract region of Bangladesh (Fig. 1). The core area Zingiberaceae is a group of terrestrial herbaceous of the reserve covers less than 500km2, and supports plants with a wide global distributon that spans across tropical evergreen, tropical semi-evergreen and tropical the tropical regions of the world, with around 1600 moist deciduous forests (Champion & Seth 1968). Areas species represented by 52 genera (Christenhusz & with past shifing cultvaton regimes are dominated by Byng 2016; Govaerts et al. 2017). This group atains its bamboo. The alttudinal gradient of the reserve varies highest diversity in the Indochinese contnental region from 50–1,095 m. (Šckorničkova & Newman 2015). Throughout their Populatons of the species reported in this study distributonal range, Zingiberaceae are important plants were encountered during a reconnaissance survey being

DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3797.10.5.11599-11605

Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publicaton: 26 April 2018 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # 3797 | Received 19 May 2017 | Final received 09 April 2018 | Finally accepted 12 April 2018

Citaton: Kumar, P. & P. Singh (2018). Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers (Zingiberaceae) from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(5): 11599–11605; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3797.10.5.11599-11605

Copyright: © Kumar & Singh 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

Funding: None.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: PS is grateful to Pu Liandawla, Chief Wildlife Warden, Department of Environment and Forests, , and Laltlanhlua Zathang for permission to work in Dampa TR and for logistc support. PS acknowledges the role of Prof. D.W. Macdonald and WildCRU, University of Oxford, and Ecosystem-India, for funding, intellectual assistance, and support, throughout this study. Nandita Hazarika’s role in administering and coordinatng the study is also acknowledged. PK is grateful to Dr. Jana Leong-Škorničková, Singapore Botanic Gardens for the confrmaton of species identfcaton.

11599 Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers Kumar & Singh

Figure 1. Map of northeastern India, showing the locaton of Dampa Tiger Reserve. In the inset is a map of India.

conducted for a large ranging study on Clouded Leopards Enumeration of genus and species Neofelis nebulosa within the protected area. During the Globba L., Mant. Pl. 2: 143 (1771). survey period, intensive foot-surveys were conducted in TYPE: Globba marantna L. [Lectotype: Oriental India, the northeastern part of the reserve, covering an area of Herb. Linn. No. 45.1 (LINN!)] approximately 100km2. Although the focus of the survey Distributon: Globba L. was originally described from was to collect informaton on the felid community found India with three species (Linné, 1771: 170). The present in the reserve, incidental informaton on rare species distributon of the genus spans across the tropical and from other taxonomic groups encountered was also subtropical parts of Asia, extending to northeastern documented. Australia, consttuted by 102 species, 15 varietes and We further conducted extensive literature fve subspecies. Of these at least seven species are searches for our target species, focusing on taxonomic found in India (Govaerts et al. 2017). descriptons, distributon, habitat preferences, and potental threats. This yielded limited informaton, Globba spathulata Roxb. in Carey, Fl. Ind. 1: 83 (1820) indicatng paucity of data for the two species. Based on Mantsia spathulata (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 1: 49 the informaton obtained, we used GeoCat (Geospatal (1822). Conservaton Assessment Tool; Bachman et al. 2011) to Type: Bangladesh, Silhet, M.R. Smith s.n. (Could not assess the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of be traced). occupancy (AOO) for the species, and generate maps Diversity and descripton (from Roxburgh, 1820). for the same. This informaton, along with secondary Panicles radical, erect, oblong, and range from 20–30 inputs on potental conservaton threats to the species cm high. They are composed of many diverging, simple, were used to conduct a conservaton assessment. lengthening branches with every part including the Informaton on taxonomy and ecology of the species is bract of a prety light azure colour. Bracts are oval- also presented in this work. Due to rarity of the species, oblong, concave with a larger one under each branch no voucher specimens were collected. However, detailed of the panicle, and one to each fower. Flowers are photographs of the plants were taken to help ascertain numerous and produced in a contnued succession for their taxonomic identtes. several weeks on the same panicle. Perianth is superior, widening towards its three-toothed mouth. Corolla tube is long, slender, curved and villous. Border three-lobed; lobes nearly equal and equally arranged, with oblong

11600 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11599–11605 Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers Kumar & Singh and concave shapes. Lip cuneate, deeply two-parted AOO of 32km2. Several recent publicatons have focused but less than that found in G. subulata, much larger on the rarity of G. spathulata, and the need for ex situ than the divisions of the exterior border, deep orange conservaton interventons for the species (Tandon et yellow, forming a prety contrast with lively purple of al. 2007; Bhowmik et al. 2010; Bhowmik et al. 2011). every other part of the panicle. Filament long, slender, However, based on literature and repository searches, recurved, and as in the genus; near the base, instead the species in recent tmes has been reported from of an inner border to the corolla, there is a spathulate, areas beyond Mizoram, and hence its distributon may diverging wing on each side. Its specifc name is taken be more widespread than presently believed. from its shape, which readily allows distnguishing this Four of the reported collectons from Bangladesh species from G. subulata, which greatly resembles this were made from around river Karnaphuli (Chitagong species when in fower. The anther has semilunar wing Hill Tracts), where the Kaptai hydroelectric power dam on each side. Germ one-celled, containing many ovules, was set up in 1962. In 2001 and 2006, two subsequent atached to three parietal receptacles. collectons of the same species were made, from the Flowering period: Early April rocky banks of River Karnaphuli, although the exact Distributon: Eastern to Myanmar locaton of the collecton is unknown. River Karnaphuli (Govaerts et al. 2017). is now known to be heavily polluted (Islam et al. Notes: Popularly G. spathulata is also called the 2016), hence rendering a serious threat to any fora “Dancing Girl” fower since its yellow colored corolla growing along its banks. Plants at the two localites resembles a skirt, while the staminoids look like two at and Kolasib districts face threats due to arms. The species fowers for a short period during frequent landslides, forest fres, deforestaton, shifing the monsoon, following which the rhizhomes become cultvaton, and habitat degradaton due to presence of dormant and make it difcult to locate the . road building actvites (De & Reang 2016). The newly In April 2014, the species was photographed at an discovered populaton of this species in this publicaton, approximate elevaton of 1,020m in Dampa TR in from Dampa TR, although relatvely secure because of District of Mizoram (Image 1). The species was located in its locaton in a protected area, may stll be susceptble a rocky, open, high elevaton area exposed to adequate to threats imposed by intrusive management practces sunlight. From a perspectve of its global distributon, such as habitat modifcaton through controlled burning the occurrence of this species in Dampa TR is a frst to facilitate growth of grasses for wild ungulates. record for the district. The existng informaton on the species accounts for Specimens examined: 1456 (E00228036) (E!), less than 20 mature individuals in the wild. However, 27.iv.2006, Bangladesh: Chitagong, Rangamat District, recognizing that this may be an outcome of limited coll. M.F. Newman & J. Škorničková; 1204 (E00158133) survey efort, we speculate the number of mature (E!), 30.v.2001, Chitagong, Rangamat District, Sitapahar individuals at all sites collectvely to be more than 20 but Reserved Forest, Karnaphuli River, vertcal rocks by less than 500. Further, based on our existng knowledge water, coll. M.F. Newman; 331 (E00035185) (E!), of the species, we also predict a decline in populaton 23.v.1931, Karnaphuli River, 50m, coll. W.J.L. Wenger; size due to habitat degradaton. Hence, based on IUCN 332 (E00035184) (E!), 22.v.1931, Karnaphuli River, 50m, Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2014), we assess this coll. W.J.L. Wenger; s.n. (K000815690) (K!), Chitagong, species as Vulnerable under categories [VU C2a(i); D1], 1876, coll. J.L. Lister; 365 (K000815691) (K!), Chitagong, 1876, coll. J.L. Lister; India: s.n. (E00035183) (E!), West Hemiorchis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. Bengal, Darjeeling, coll. J.M. Cowan. 42: 108 (1873) Conservaton Assessment: Globba spathulata TYPE: Hemiorchis burmanica Kurz. [Type: Myanmar, is known from 11 localites (fve downloaded from Tenasserim, Martaban, Pegu, Shitang Valley, Kurz (K!)] Zingiberaceae Resource Centre (2018) and three from Diversity and Distributon: Hemiorchis was originally recent literature (Kress et al. 2003; Bhowmik et al. 2010; described in 1873 from Tenasserimin in Myanmar, with De & Reang 2016), two from Royal Botanic Gardens enumeraton of a single species Hemiorchis burmanica (Kew) herbarium and one from the current survey). Of (Kurz, 1873). Today this genus comprises three species these, one is from West Bengal, three from Mizoram, six distributed from the central Himalaya to Myanmar from Bangladesh and one from Myanmar. Using GeoCAT and Thailand (Larsen & Triboun 2000; Govaerts et al. sofware (Bachman et al. 2011), the EOO for the species 2017). These species include H. pantlingii King with was estmated to be 118,821km2, with an estmated a distributon in eastern Nepal, northeastern India,

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11599–11605 11601 Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers Kumar & Singh

© Priya Singh

© Priya Singh © Priya Singh

Image 1. Globba spathulata: A - plant in habitat; B - close-up of plant; C - close-up of fower.

Bangladesh and Myanmar; H. rhodorrhachis K. Schum fowering, 38–50 cm long; leaves are ovate-lanceolate, distributed in India, Bangladesh (Srivastava & Ghoshal tapering to each end, sheathing at the base, 15–35 cm 2005), Myanmar and northern Thailand (Larsen & inch long and 5–11 cm broad. Flowering stem stout, 1.3– Triboun 2000); and H. burmanica Kurz restricted to 20 cm long, leafess, but with 4 to 6 blunt spathaceous Myanmar (Govaerts et al. 2017). bracts. Flowers spicate. Calyx tubular, pubescent, membraneous, with three short sub-equal sub-acute Hemiorchis pantlingii King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. lobes shorter than the corolla-tube. Corolla in two whorls (Calcuta) 5: 163 (1896) of three each with the outer whorl pinkish, with a dorsal Type: India, Sikkim, Mungpoo, 1,000–1,500 m, 1891, ovate segment and two lateral shorter and narrower R. Pantling s.n. (K!). segments, all sub-acute. Inner whorl is yellowish, shorter Descripton (from King & Pantling 1895–1896). than the outer, the two lateral segments broad, obovate, Herbaceous, rhizome 30 to 45 cm long, branching, emarginated, the middle lobe rhomboidal, concave with sparsely clothed with short fbres. Leafy stems which a central thick ridge from base to apex; at the base a are distnct from the fowering ones and produced post transverse recurved process, and at the side of the

11602 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11599–11605 Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers Kumar & Singh

© Sandesh Kadur

© Priya Singh © Priya Singh

Image 2. Hemiorchis pantlingii: A - plant in habitat; B - close-up of plant; C - close-up of fower.

base two purple divergent feshy process (staminodes). the corolla had a shade of pink while the inner ones had Fertle stamen incurved, shorter than the inner whorl of a shade between cream and yellow. the corolla; the flament thick and feshy; anther broadly Flowering period: Early April elliptc, emarginated at the base and apex, 2-celled with Distributon: Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Myanmar. longitudinal lateral dehiscence. Ovary inferior, obliquely Notes: Hemiorchis pantlingii was described originally and narrowly ellipsoid, striate, one celled; three by King (1895), based on a specimen collected by placentas; stgma projectng slightly above the apex Robert Pantling from Sikkim. Thereafer, the plant was of the anther, minute, cup-shaped. Capsule fusiform, rediscovered in Sikkim (Lucksom 2001), followed by 3cm long, 8- to 10-ribbed, pubescent, crowned by the more recent reports from Garo Hills in Meghalaya (Singh withered segments of the perianth. Seeds broadly ovoid, et al. 2012) and Borail Wildlife Sanctuary in Cachar Hills, 0.6cm long, with a short white feshy aril. All plants Assam (Barbhuiya et al. 2012). were in a stage of fowering, with feshy looking stems Informaton on the species suggests that H. pantlingii measuring 15–20 cm tall. The plants bore no leaves at is amongst the earliest fowering Zingiberaceae, with the tme of photographing them. The outer whorls of highly ephemeral fowers that shed afer 4-5 days. The

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11599–11605 11603 Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers Kumar & Singh peduncle, however, supports several buds that contnue locatons from existng surveys do not support more to fower for 2–3 weeks (Singh et al. 2012). Post fowering than 20 mature individuals. However, we believe the season, ovate to lanceolate leaves which are 15–35 cm species has been poorly surveyed for in the wild with long and 5–11 cm wide, appear on the plant, but are shed possibilites of discovering new localites harboring it. in late autumn, post which only the rhizome survives There is an inferred decline in the populaton size of underground (Hooker 1895), which was supported by the species due to habitat degradaton. Based on IUCN us not sightng the plant between December 2014 to Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2014) this species can March 2015. The plant may be insect pollinated, due to hence be assessed as Vulnerable [VU C2a(i); D1]. its brightly colored ephemeral fowering habit. Specimens examined: Bhutan: 300 m, 1893, R. Conservation Implication Pantling s.n. (K!-Syntype); 300m, 1893, R. Pantling s.n. With 86% of its geographical area under forest cover, (P00686502) (P!-Syntype); 300m, 1893, R. Pantling Mizoram supports the largest forested area for any state s.n. (U0115372) (U!-Syntype); Sikkim, 300m, 1893, R. in India (State of Forest Report 2017). This region is also Pantling s.n. (US00336050) (US!-Syntype); 300m, 1893, a part of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot (Myers R. Pantling s.n. (K000640571) (K!-Syntype); 300m, 1893, et al. 2000) and is located within the Eastern Himalayan R. Pantling s.n. (BM000958128) (BM!-Syntype); 300 m, Endemic Bird Area (Statersfeld et al. 1998). Despite its 1893, R. Pantling s.n. (E00149942) (E!-Syntype). India: ecological signifcance and vast forest cover, it has been Sukhne, Darj-drik, 22 April 1958, S. K. Mukerjee 4615 poorly surveyed for biodiversity, as evinced by the range (BKF); West Bengal, Sivok, March 1873, J. S. Gamble extensions for G. spathulata and H. pantlingii reported 4015B (K!); West Bengal, Chunabat, 760 m, April 1876, J. in this study. S. Gamble 617A (K!); West Bengal, Darjeeling, Mongpoo, The state supports a small network of protected 300 m, 1891, R. Pantling s.n. (BM000958129) (BM!- areas which in tmes of increasing anthropogenic Islectotype); West Bengal, Darjeeling, Mongpoo, 300 pressures and changing land-use paterns, urgently m, 1891, R. Pantling s.n.(K000640570) (K!-Lectotype); requires inventorying biodiversity in order to make West Bengal, Darjeeling, Mongpoo, 300 m, 1891, R. appropriate conservaton decisions. Also, with large Pantling s.n. (K000640571) (K!-Isolectotype); West areas being converted to oil-palm monocultures Bengal, Darjeeling, Mungpoo, 300 m, 1891, R. Pantling (Mandal & Raman 2016), it is important to extend the s.n. (P00686501) (P!-Isolectotype). NEPAL, Soktm Tea coverage of protecton within the state while ensuring Estate, Mai Khola, 450 m, 19 AprIL 1971, J. D. A. Stainton that habitat management practces in protected areas 6795 (BM000958130) (BM!). do not compromise survival of rare natve foral species. Conservaton Assessment: Based on historical accounts downloaded from Zingiberaceae Resource References Centre (2018), available reference (Kress et al. 2003), collectons at Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) herbarium Bachman, S., J. Moat, A.W. Hill, J. de la Torre & B. Scot (2011). and recent surveys, H. pantlingii is known to occur Supportng Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatal conservaton assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126; htp://doi. at 22 localites, which include two in Mizoram, two in org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109 Meghalaya, seven in Sikkim, seven in West Bengal, one Barbhuiya, H. A., B.K. Duta, A.K. Das & A.K. Baishya (2012). in Bangladesh, one in Myanmar and two in Nepal. The Hemiorchis pantlingii King (Zingiberaceae): a rare species new to Assam. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 4: 826–828. Extent of Occurrence for the species is estmated to be Bhowmik, S.S.D., S. Kumaria & P. Tandon (2010). Conservaton of 282,714 km2 and the Area of Occupancy as 52 km2 using Mantsia spathulata Schult. and Mantsia wengeri Fischer, two GeoCAT sofware (Bachman et al. 2011). Reports of the Critcally Endangered and endemic Zingibers of Northeast India. Seed Technology 32 (1): 57–62. species from Nokrek Biosphere Reserve in Meghalaya Bhowmik, S.S.D., S. Kumaria & P. Tandon (2011). Long-term and Dampa TR in Mizoram (Image 2), although indicate conservaton through cryopreservaton of immature seed of its presence in protected area landscapes; we believe Mantsia spathulata and Mantsia wengeri; two Endangered plants of north-east India. CryoLeters 32(6): 498–505. the species may stll be threatened by anthropogenic CEPF (2005). Ecosystem Profle: Eastern Himalayan Region. induced disturbances such as habitat management Downloadable from htp://www.cepf.net/Documents/fnal. ehimalayas.ep.pdf, Assessed on 7 July 2017. and naturally occurring fres. Habitat degradaton is Champion, H.G. & S.K. Seth (1968). A Revised Survey of Forest Types of also a major threat in the Himalayan regions of Sikkim India. Government of India Press, New Delhi, 404pp. and West Bengal due to rapid infux of people into the China Plant Specialist Group (2004). Aristolochia westlandii. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on region (CEPF 2005). We estmate less than 500 mature 26 January 2009. individuals for the species, based on the fact that all Christenhusz, M.J.M. & J.W. Byng (2016). The number of known plants

11604 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11599–11605 Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers Kumar & Singh

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11599–11605 11605 OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

April 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 5 | Pages: 11551–11702 Date of Publicaton: 26 April 2018 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2018.10.5.11551-11702

Artcle Report of the early winter migrants and resident birds in an inland wetland near Tundi Camp, Bajana, Gujarat Buterfy diversity in human-modifed ecosystems of southern Sikkim, the -- Abhishek Chaterjee, Sudeshna Ghoshal, Soumyajit Chowdhury & eastern Himalaya, India Pinakiranjan Chakrabart, Pp. 11652–11658 -- Prem Kumar Chetri, Kishor Sharma, Sailendra Dewan & Bhoj Kumar Acharya, 11551–11565 The frst report of two thread-legged assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from India -- Balasaheb V. Sarode, Swapnil S. Boyane & Hemant V. Ghate, Pp. 11659– Communicatons 11664

Contrastng human perceptons of and attudes towards two threatened Water striders, the genus Cylindrostethus Mayr (Insecta: Heteroptera: small carnivores, Lycalopex fulvipes and Leopardus guigna, in rural Gerridae) from India with a new record communites adjacent to protected areas in Chile -- E. Eyarin Jehamalar, Kailash Chandra & G. Srinivasan, Pp. 11665–11671 -- I. Sacristán, A. Cevidanes, F. Acuña, E. Aguilar, S. García, M.J. López, J. Millán & C. Napolitano, Pp. 11566–11573 The invasive aphid Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae) recorded on important fruit trees in Sightng trend of the Indian Skimmer (Charidiformes: Laridae: Rynchops Kashmir Valley, India albicollis Swainson, 1838) in Natonal Chambal Gharial Sanctuary (1984– -- Govindasamy Mahendiran, Shahid Ali Akbar & Mudasir Ahmad Dar, 2016) refectng on the feasibility of long-term ecological monitoring Pp. 11672–11678 -- L.A.K. Singh & R.K. Sharma, Pp. 11574–11582

Comparatve cross-sectonal survey on gastrointestnal parasites of captve, Notes semi-captve, and wild Elephants of Sri Lanka Anemone trullifolia and Berberis angulosa as new records to the fora of -- Nirupama Abeysekara, R.P.V. Jayanthe Rajapkse & R.S. Rajakaruna, the western Himalaya, India Pp. 11583–11594 -- Ishwari Dat Rai, Gajendra Singh & Gopal Singh Rawat, Pp. 11679–11682

Notes on fairy orchids (Magnoliopsida: Asparagales: Orchidaceae: Short Communicatons Oberonia) of Sri Lanka: revision in regional distributon and documentaton on vegetatve propagaton The extncton of Faure’s Broom Adenocarpus faurei Maire (Leguminosae) in -- Menaka Ariyarathne & Deepthi Yakandawala, Pp. 11683–11685 Algeria -- Mohamed Djamel Miara, Mohammed Ait Hammou & Jah Skipper, Additonal reports of solitary poter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Pp. 11595–11598 Eumeninae) in Bhutan -- Tshering Nidup, Wim Klein, P. Girish Kumar & Phurpa Dorji, Pp. 11686– Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers (Zingiberaceae) from Dampa 11696 Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India -- Pankaj Kumar & Priya Singh, Pp. 11599–11605 On the occurrence of the rare Long-nosed Stargazer Ichthyscopus lebeck (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Uranoscopidae) in the coastal waters of New records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Assam, northeastern Visakhapatnam, India India with a distributon list of bat fauna of the state -- Govinda Rao Velamala & Muddula Krishna Naranji, Pp. 11697–11700 -- Ananda Ram Boro, Prasanta Kumar Saikia & Utam Saikia, Pp. 11606–11612

On the birds of Marivan County, western Iran: an update Correcton -- Fatah Zarei, Seyed Naseh Hosseini, Jalal Pezeshk, Loghman Maleki & Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Pp. 11613–11617 Corrigendum - Buterfy host plant Monograph, P. 11701

Nestng patern of birds in Jahangirnagar University Campus, Bangladesh -- Israt Jahan, Sajeda Begum, Mohammad Mostafa Feeroz, Delip Kumar Das & Miscellaneous Ashis Kumar Data, Pp. 11618–11635 Member Natonal Biodiversity Authority An annotated checklist of the birds of the upper Siang region, Arunachal Pradesh, India -- Anirban Data-Roy, Vivek Ramachandran & Karthik Teegalapalli, Pp. 11636– 11651

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