DOCSLIB.ORG

Simulation Interoperability (STO-TR-MSG-086-Part-I)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Simulation Interoperability (STO-TR-MSG-086-Part-I) NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION AC/323(MSG-086)TP/562 www.sto.nato.int STO TECHNICAL REPORT TR-MSG-086-Part-I Simulation Interoperability (Interopérabilité de la simulation) Final Report of Task Group MSG-086. Published January 2015 Distribution and Availability on Back Cover NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION AC/323(MSG-086)TP/562 www.sto.nato.int STO TECHNICAL REPORT TR-MSG-086-Part-I Simulation Interoperability (Interopérabilité de la simulation) Final Report of Task Group MSG-086. The NATO Science and Technology Organization Science & Technology (S&T) in the NATO context is defined as the selective and rigorous generation and application of state-of-the-art, validated knowledge for defence and security purposes. S&T activities embrace scientific research, technology development, transition, application and field-testing, experimentation and a range of related scientific activities that include systems engineering, operational research and analysis, synthesis, integration and validation of knowledge derived through the scientific method. In NATO, S&T is addressed using different business models, namely a collaborative business model where NATO provides a forum where NATO Nations and partner Nations elect to use their national resources to define, conduct and promote cooperative research and information exchange, and secondly an in-house delivery business model where S&T activities are conducted in a NATO dedicated executive body, having its own personnel, capabilities and infrastructure. The mission of the NATO Science & Technology Organization (STO) is to help position the Nations’ and NATO’s S&T investments as a strategic enabler of the knowledge and technology advantage for the defence and security posture of NATO Nations and partner Nations, by conducting and promoting S&T activities that augment and leverage the capabilities and programmes of the Alliance, of the NATO Nations and the partner Nations, in support of NATO’s objectives, and contributing to NATO’s ability to enable and influence security and defence related capability development and threat mitigation in NATO Nations and partner Nations, in accordance with NATO policies. The total spectrum of this collaborative effort is addressed by six Technical Panels who manage a wide range of scientific research activities, a Group specialising in modelling and simulation, plus a Committee dedicated to supporting the information management needs of the organization. • AVT Applied Vehicle Technology Panel • HFM Human Factors and Medicine Panel • IST Information Systems Technology Panel • NMSG NATO Modelling and Simulation Group • SAS System Analysis and Studies Panel • SCI Systems Concepts and Integration Panel • SET Sensors and Electronics Technology Panel These Panels and Group are the power-house of the collaborative model and are made up of national representatives as well as recognised world-class scientists, engineers and information specialists. In addition to providing critical technical oversight, they also provide a communication link to military users and other NATO bodies. The scientific and technological work is carried out by Technical Teams, created under one or more of these eight bodies, for specific research activities which have a defined duration. These research activities can take a variety of forms, including Task Groups, Workshops, Symposia, Specialists’ Meetings, Lecture Series and Technical Courses. The content of this publication has been reproduced directly from material supplied by STO or the authors. Published January 2015 Copyright © STO/NATO 2015 All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-92-837-0201-2 Single copies of this publication or of a part of it may be made for individual use only by those organisations or individuals in NATO Nations defined by the limitation notice printed on the front cover. The approval of the STO Information Management Systems Branch is required for more than one copy to be made or an extract included in another publication. Requests to do so should be sent to the address on the back cover. ii STO-TR-MSG-086-Part-I Table of Contents Page List of Figures xvi List of Tables xvii MSG-086 Membership List xviii Executive Summary and Synthèse ES-1 Chapter 1 – Introduction 1-1 1.1 Motivation 1-1 1.2 Objective 1-2 1.2.1 Area of Research and Scope 1-2 1.2.2 Specific Goals 1-2 1.2.3 Covered Topics 1-2 1.2.4 Deliverables 1-2 1.3 General Approach 1-3 Chapter 2 – Background Material and Related Work 2-1 2.1 Distributed Simulation Engineering and Execution Process (DSEEP) 2-1 2.2 Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM) 2-2 2.3 Fair Fight 2-3 2.4 Related NATO Activities 2-4 2.4.1 MSG-052 “Knowledge Network for Federation Architecture and Design” 2-4 2.4.1.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-4 2.4.2 MSG-058 “Conceptual Modeling for Military Modeling and Simulation” 2-4 2.4.2.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-5 2.4.3 MSG-068 “NATO Education and Training Network (NETN)” 2-5 2.4.3.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-6 2.4.4 MSG-071 “Missionland − A Universal, Generic, Multi-Spectral Simulation 2-6 Environment Database” 2.4.4.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-6 2.4.5 MSG-080 “Security in Collective Mission Simulation” 2-7 2.4.5.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-7 2.4.6 MSG-085 “Standardization for C2-Simulation Interoperation” 2-7 2.4.6.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-8 2.4.7 MSG-098 and MSG-099 Task Groups on “Urban Combat Advanced Training 2-8 Technology” (UCATT 3) 2.4.7.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-8 2.4.8 MSG-106 “Enhanced CAX Architecture, Design, and Methodology – SPHINX” 2-8 2.4.8.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-9 2.4.9 NIAG SG 162 2-9 2.4.9.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-9 STO-TR-MSG-086-Part-I iii 2.5 Related SISO Activities 2-9 2.5.1 DSEEP (Distributed Simulation Engineering and Execution Process) 2-9 2.5.1.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-10 2.5.2 DMAO (DSEEP Multi-Architecture Overlay) 2-10 2.5.2.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-10 2.5.3 FEAT (Federation Engineering Agreements Template) 2-10 2.5.3.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-10 2.5.4 MSDL (Military Scenario Definition Language) 2-10 2.5.4.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-11 2.5.5 SCM (Simulation Conceptual Modeling) 2-11 2.5.5.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-11 2.5.6 RIEDP (Reuse and Interoperation of Environmental Data and Processes) 2-11 2.5.6.1 Relevance for MSG-086 2-11 2.6 Related National Activities 2-11 2.6.1 Germany 2-11 2.6.1.1 SuTBw 2-12 2.6.1.2 SD VIntEL 2-12 2.6.2 Italy 2-12 2.6.2.1 SimLabs 2-12 2.6.2.2 ITB Forza NEC 2-13 2.6.3 Netherlands 2-13 2.6.4 Sweden 2-13 2.6.4.1 Defence Concept Modelling Framework (DCMF) 2-13 2.6.4.2 M&S Architecture and Design Guidelines for Command Training 2-14 Federations Based on the SMART-Net Concept Chapter 3 – Identified Interoperability Issues 3-1 3.1 Issue Group “Conceptual Model” (CM) 3-2 3.2 Issue Group “Federation Development” (FD) 3-4 3.3 Issue Group “Fidelity” (FI) 3-4 3.4 Issue Group “Infrastructure and Tools” (IN) 3-6 3.5 Issue Group “LVC and C2-Sim Coupling” (LC) 3-6 3.6 Issue Group “Organizational and Legal” (OL) 3-7 3.7 Issue Group “Scenario” (SC) 3-8 3.8 Issue Group “Synthetic Environment” (SN) 3-9 3.9 Issue Group “Time Management” (TM) 3-10 3.10 Issue Groups and Statistics 3-12 3.10.1 Rationale 3-12 3.10.2 Procedure 3-12 3.10.3 Results and Interpretation 3-13 3.10.3.1 LCIM 3-13 3.10.3.2 DSEEP Steps 3-14 3.10.3.3 DSEEP Activities 3-16 Chapter 4 – Conclusions and Recommendations 4-1 4.1 Conclusions 4-1 iv STO-TR-MSG-086-Part-I 4.2 Recommendations for Information Product “Scenario” 4-1 4.3 Recommendations for NATO AMSP-01 4-2 4.4 Recommendations for NATO MORS M&S Gap Analysis Questionnaire 4-3 4.5 Recommendations for Future NMSG Activities 4-4 4.5.1 Investigate “M&S as a Service” 4-4 4.5.2 Investigate and Develop Information Products 4-4 4.5.3 Investigate Possibilities for Formal Standards and Support Tools 4-5 4.6 Recommendations for SISO Working Groups 4-5 4.6.1 DSEEP 4-5 4.6.2 FEAT 4-7 4.6.3 SCM 4-7 Chapter 5 – References 5-1 Annex A – Detailed Issue Descriptions A-1 A.1 Issue Group “Conceptual Model” (CM) A-1 A.1.1 CM-01 No Explicit Development of a Conceptual Model A-1 A.1.1.1 Problem Definition A-1 A.1.1.2 Extended Problem Description A-1 A.1.1.3 Related Work A-1 A.1.1.4 Connection to LCIM Level A-2 A.1.1.5 Connection to DSEEP Steps and Artifacts A-2 A.1.1.6 Possible Solution Approaches A-2 A.1.1.7 Existing Implementations and Their Information Products A-2 A.1.1.8 Recommended Information Products A-2 A.1.1.9 Examples/Prototypes of Selected Information Products A-2 A.1.2 CM-02 Missing Standards for Development of Conceptual Models for A-2 Distributed Simulation Environments A.1.2.1 Problem Definition A-2 A.1.2.2 Extended Problem Description A-3 A.1.2.3 Related Work A-3 A.1.2.4 Connection to LCIM Level A-3 A.1.2.5 Connection to DSEEP Steps and Artifacts A-4 A.1.2.6 Possible Solution Approaches A-4 A.1.2.7 Existing Implementations and Their Information Products A-4 A.1.2.8 Recommended Information Products A-4 A.1.2.9 Examples/Prototypes of Selected Information Products A-4 A.1.3 CM-03 Missing Reference Conceptual Models A-4 A.1.3.1 Problem Definition A-4 A.1.3.2 Extended Problem Description A-4 A.1.3.3 Related Work A-5 A.1.3.4 Connection to LCIM Level A-6 A.1.3.5 Connection to DSEEP Steps and Artifacts A-6 A.1.3.6 Possible Solution Approaches A-6 A.1.3.7 Existing Implementations and Their Information Products A-6 A.1.3.8 Recommended Information Products A-6 A.1.3.9 Examples/Prototypes of Selected Information Products A-6 STO-TR-MSG-086-Part-I v A.1.4 CM-04 Lack of Standard Methodologies, Techniques and Tools for Automated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Simulation, History and Experience in Avalon and Military-Entertainment Technoculture
    Simulation, History and Experience in Avalon and Military-Entertainment Technoculture PATRICK CROGAN University of the West of England, UK Abstract: This essay takes Mamoru Oshii’s Avalon (2001) as a starting point for considera- tion of the impact of simulational interactive media on contemporary technoculture. The con- nections made in the film between virtual reality games and military research and develop- ment, and its quasi-simulational modelling of various historical ‘Polands’ in re-sequencing a dystopian end of history are the most valuable resources it brings to this study of how simula- tion’s predominant development represents a major challenge to the forms of critical cultural reflection associated with narrative-based forms of recording and interrogating experience. Analysis of the methods and rhetorics of simulation design in the military-industrial (and now military-entertainment) complex will elaborate the nature and stakes of this challenge for to- day’s globalising technoculture of ‘militainment’. Keywords: simulation, videogames, anime, war, history, technoculture, militainment his article is not so much about Mamoru Oshii’s 2001 Japanese-Polish, anime-live ac- Ttion hybrid feature, Avalon, as it is about the challenge that the film’s subject— videogame virtuality—represents for the critical analysis of contemporary global, digital technoculture. I propose that videogames are exemplary forms of digital technoculture, not least because they illustrate the powerful influence of military technoscience on the latter. Avalon
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Military Simulation and Virtual Training Market 2015–2025 Single Copy Price: $4,800
    The Global Military Simulation and Virtual Training Market 2015–2025 Single Copy Price: $4,800 Reference Code: DF0065SR The Global Military Simulation and Virtual Published: April 2015 Training Market 2015–2025 Report Price: US$ 4,800 (Single Copy) The Global Military Simulation and Virtual Training Market 2015–2025 Single Copy Price: $4,800 Summary “The Global Military Simulation and Virtual Training Market 2015–2025” report offers the reader detailed analysis of the global military simulation market over the next ten years, alongside potential market opportunities to enter the industry, using detailed market size forecasts. The global military simulation and virtual training programs market is expected to value US$XX billion in 2015 and increase at a CAGR of XX% to reach US$XX billion by 2025. The market consists of three simulation categories: flight, combat, and maritime. Flight simulators are expected to account for XX% of the global military simulation market, followed by maritime simulators and combat simulators with shares of XX% each. Over the forecast period, the cumulative global expenditure on military simulators and virtual training programs is expected to reach US$XX billion. “The Global Simulation and Virtual Training Market 2015–2025” provides detailed analysis of the current industry size and growth expectations from 2015 to 2025, including highlights of key growth stimulators. It also benchmarks the industry against key global markets and provides a detailed understanding of emerging opportunities in specific areas. Key Findings The global military simulators and virtual training programs market is expected to value US$XX billion in 2015 and is expected to increase to US$XX billion by 2025, representing a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.
    [Show full text]
  • 4. Wargaming the Middle East: the Evolution of Simulated Battlefields from Chequerboards to Virtual Worlds and Instrumented Artificial Cities
    4. Wargaming the Middle East: The Evolution of Simulated Battlefields from Chequerboards to Virtual Worlds and Instrumented Artificial Cities Janina Schupp Abstract Shortly after the end of a tank combat during the Gulf War, a team of US Army historians, scientists, and engineers flew to Iraq to gather detailed data of the battle. The collected information was used to create an exact virtual simulation of the combat for training. The mapping capability – offered by the resulting simulation game 73 Easting – to visualize the battlefield from any position and point in time revolutionized military exercises. With ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, these digital training cartographies are now linked to real bodies and vehicles through digital and mobile technologies during live training in artificially constructed villages. This chapter analyses this evolution and critically investigates the growing ‘gamification’ ensuing in these representations of Middle Eastern battlefields. Keywords: Wargames, Middle East, interactive battlespace, live simulations In war the experienced soldier reacts in the same way as the human eye does in the dark: the pupil expands to admit what little light there is, discerning objects by degrees, and finally seeing them indistinctly. By contrast, the novice is plunged into the deepest night. […] It is immensely important that no soldier, whatever his rank, should wait for war to expose him to those aspects of active service that amaze and confuse him when he first comes across them. (Clausewitz 1989, p. 122) Strohmaier, A. and A. Krewani (eds.), Media and Mapping Practices in the Middle East and North Africa: Producing Space. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021 doi 10.5117/9789462989092_ch04 96 JANINA SCHUPP The act of playing at war is deeply engrained in human history and has per- sisted to the present day in both professional and hobby culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Counter Terrorism Simulation: a New Breed of Federation
    Simulation Interoperability Workshop – Spring 2002 Counter Terrorism Simulation: A New Breed of Federation Roger Smith Titan Systems Corporation Orlando, Florida 32765 [email protected] Keywords: Terrorism, Federation, System Dynamics, FOM ABSTRACT: In this paper we will explore the need for a suite of simulation tools that can be used to analyze, predict, and prevent terrorist activities. Simulation technology and tools can be applied directly to the war against terrorism, but custom solutions for this mission do not yet exist. A simulation of terrorism must address each of the components of a terrorist network – the command nucleus, field cell, group communications, national host, sympathizers, and support assets. Together these components create a network that enables a small group to conduct guerilla warfare against any target in the world. Simulating our response to these components will require more than traditional interactive or analytical simulations. An appropriate simulation must represent the assets and missions of 1) the surgical application of military special forces - to include helicopter insertion and support, infantry operations in an urban environment, and search and rescue teams; 2) intelligence collection against urban and guerilla forces - particularly focused on communications and human intelligence and moving target surveillance; 3) political actions to decrease the ability of an organization to operate in specific countries; 4) legal actions against non-governmental sympathizers that support terrorists; 5) financial and economic sanctions targeted at assets belonging to terrorists and at national that host them; and 6) the cultural influences on potential recruits and supports of terrorists. These activities cover a very broad spectrum and it is probably not feasible to include all of them in a single simulation system.
    [Show full text]
  • All but War Is Simulation: the Military Entertainment Complex
    1 THEATERS OF WAR: THE MILITARY-ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEX Tim Lenoir and Henry Lowood Stanford University To appear in Jan Lazardzig, Helmar Schramm, Ludger Schwarte, eds., Kunstkammer, Laboratorium, Bühne--Schauplätze des Wissens im 17. Jahrhundert/ Collection, Laboratory, Theater, Berlin; Walter de Gruyter Publishers, 2003 in both German and in English War games are simulations combining game, experiment and performance. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been the primary proponent of war game design since the 1950s. Yet, commercial game designers produced many of the ideas shaping the design of military simulations, both before and after the advent of computer-based games. By the 1980s, the seeds of a deeper collaboration among military, commercial designers, the entertainment industry, and academic researchers in the development of high-end computer simulations for military training had been planted. They built “distributed interactive simulations” (DIS) such as SIMNET that created virtual theaters of war by linking participants interacting with distributed software or hardware simulators in real time. The simulators themselves presented synthetic environments—virtual worlds—by utilizing advances in computer graphics and virtual reality research. With the rapid development of DIS technology during the 1990s, content and compelling story development became increasingly important. The necessity of realistic scenarios and backstory in military simulations led designers to build databases of historical, geographic and physical data, reconsider the role of synthetic agents in their simulations and consult with game design and entertainment talents for the latest word on narrative and performance. Even when this has not been the intention of their designers and sponsors, military simulations have been deeply embedded in commercial forms of entertainment, for example, by providing content and technology deployed in computer and video games.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructive Vs Serious Games
    Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) 2008 Games – Just How Serious Are They? Dr. Paul A. Roman Mr. Doug Brown Royal Military College of Canada Land Synthetic Environments Kingston, Ontario Kingston, Ontario [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT As military forces around the world begin to adopt gaming technology as an apparently cost effective and robust means for military tactical training it seems appropriate to consider how well suited they are for this task. This paper uses an evidence based approach to illustrate how American, British, Canadian and Australian forces are applying serious game (SG) technology to meet a variety of training needs. In particular, the paper uses these specific examples to address three questions: What tactical training requirements are serious games best suited to meeting? How effective and efficient are they at meeting those requirements? What are the technological limits associated with their use? In answering these questions, the paper concludes that SGs are providing a cost-effective means to provide experience-based learning with emphasis on cognitive and increasingly affective training domains. War fighters will not develop the expert psycho-motor skills they need to effectively employ their weapon systems using game-based training. However, once the team of experts in various weapon systems is created, SG technology affords trainers the opportunity to turn them into an expert team capable of communicating well with the cognitive skills they need to effectively operate as teams. The examples demonstrate that this is true for infantry, armoured or combined arms training in open or urban terrain and holds for the very technologically demanding case of aviation training.
    [Show full text]
  • The Military Entertainment Complex
    1 THEATERS OF WAR: THE MILITARY-ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEX Tim Lenoir and Henry Lowood Stanford University War games are simulations combining game, experiment and performance. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been the primary proponent of war game design since the 1950s. Yet, commercial game designers produced many of the ideas shaping the design of military simulations, both before and after the advent of computer-based games. By the 1980s, the seeds of a deeper collaboration among military, commercial designers, the entertainment industry, and academic researchers in the development of high-end computer simulations for military training had been planted. They built “distributed interactive simulations” (DIS) such as SIMNET that created virtual theaters of war by linking participants interacting with distributed software or hardware simulators in real time. The simulators themselves presented synthetic environments—virtual worlds—by utilizing advances in computer graphics and virtual reality research. With the rapid development of DIS technology during the 1990s, content and compelling story development became increasingly important. The necessity of realistic scenarios and backstory in military simulations led designers to build databases of historical, geographic and physical data, reconsider the role of synthetic agents in their simulations and consult with game design and entertainment talents for the latest word on narrative and performance. Even when this has not been the intention of their designers and sponsors, military simulations have been deeply embedded in commercial forms of entertainment, for example, by providing content and technology deployed in computer and video games. Building on a brief overview of the history of war games, we will sketch the history of military simulations leading to SIMNET in the late 1980s and projects building on this work through the mid-1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • The Convergent Use of Programmable Media for Terrorism Modeling and Social Simulations in Civilian Vs
    Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Stefan Werning The Convergent Use of Programmable Media for Terrorism Modeling and Social Simulations in Civilian vs. Military Contexts 2008 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1562 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Sammelbandbeitrag / collection article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Werning, Stefan: The Convergent Use of Programmable Media for Terrorism Modeling and Social Simulations in Civilian vs. Military Contexts. In: Rolf F. Nohr, Serjoscha Wiemer (Hg.): Strategie Spielen. Medialität, Geschichte und Politik des Strategiespiels. Münster: LIT 2008 (Medien'welten. Braunschweiger Schriften zur Medienkultur), S. 114– 135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1562. Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Weitergabe unter Attribution - Non Commercial - Share Alike 3.0 License. For more gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere information see: Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 Stefan Werning The Convergent Use of Programmable Media for Terrorism Modeling and Social Simulati- ons in Civilian vs. Military Contexts Modeling Terrorism as a Household Strategy The rhetoric of the ›Global War on Terrorism‹ is a recurring theme in interac- tive, i.e. programmable media like digital games (cf. e.g. commercial games like Fugitive Hunter: War on Terror (Black Ops Entertainment, 2003) and War on Terror (Digital Reality, 2006)) and on-line portals establishing the ›War on Ter- rorism‹ as a quasi-›brand‹ in public discourse. ¯1 Technological developments enabling the algorithmic modeling of terrorism are a central strategic compo- nent both of modern military self-description, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • The Simulation of Chaos
    Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Exercises, Volume 8, 1981 THE SIMULATION OF CHAOS Paul B. Malone III, George Washington University ABSTRACT learning developing their techniques to recognize the fact that decision and decisionmakers are influenced by human emotions? There is evidence that some are working on it. At This paper expresses a concern that, in our efforts to use the April, 1980 ABSEL meeting, Robert Pitts and Kenneth simulation as a technique to develop logical, objective and Thompson observed that “the direction [in simulation and analytical decisionmakers, we may be disregarding a vital experiential learning] has been centered too much around component of every significant decision--the human building mental skills and not enough emphasis placed on element. Important decisions are not made in an emotional building diagnostic human skills ..." [6, p. 44]. At the same vacuum; many simulation decisions are. This is unrealistic. meeting, Louis White and Kevin Wooten reiterated the need The armed forces--past masters of the use of simulation to develop concurrently three basic skills--cognitive, during tines of peace--have been successful in integrating behavioral and interpersonal--into management education emotional considerations into the decisionmaking process programs [11, p. 93]. Richard Barton observed that particularly in the training and development of combat “compared to the subtleties and nuances of human behavior, leaders. While business simulation does not ordinarily computer simulation models are extremely gross” [1, p. 14]. involve “life-and-death” decisions, some techniques used in military simulation may have universal utility. Some of these Decisions of any significance can have profound short- and are described in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Simulations in an Interagency Context
    The Applications of Military Simulations in an Interagency Context by James Gilmore he use of simulation has been a long-standing tradition throughout military history. Planning every minute detail of an important operation is something that comes naturally and has subsequently been honed over the course of repeated use. Only recently has the Army’s use Tof computer modeling and simulation started making its way out of the military complex and into the world of private industry. Technological capabilities, once only thought useful for defense purposes are now being used to streamline business best practices and improve a corporation’s predictive capabilities.1 While the use of simulation has slowly started invading the corporate world, other federal agencies are still reluctant to add gaming and modeling to their everyday practices. This reluctance is the focus of this article. By examining research on cognitive and training implications for simulation use and the results from a series of interviews conducted with experts familiar with the Army’s use of simulations, this article will discern whether this particular type of training tool can be used successfully outside the military realm. Background and Information Much of the literature on the use of simulations pertains to its utility in training or for technological development. The most agreed upon definition of a modern-day military simulation is a model or simulation whose operation does not involve the use of actual military forces and whose actions undertaken will affect players on the opposing side.2 In the past, simulations have been used to make crucial decisions with minimal information.3 Putting together various computer models and war games always seemed to make sense in the military context, as the ability to understand the enemy can make strategic planning much easier.
    [Show full text]
  • A Virtual Cyber Range for Cyber Warfare Analysis and Training
    Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) 2012 A Virtual Cyber Range for Cyber Warfare Analysis and Training Lloyd Wihl Maneesh Varshney SCALABLE Network Technologies SCALABLE Network Technologies Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles, CA [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT There is a need to accurately model the effects of cyber weapons for analysis, system testing and hardening, and training. Current simulations of the Net-Centric Battlespace do not adequately recreate the impact of cyber warfare due to a lack of realistic cyber threat and defense representations. Hardware-based cyber ranges are limited in scale, costly, and time-consuming to configure. Moreover, they have no capability to simulate the inherent vulnerabilities endemic to wireless tactical networks. They also do not effectively model the overall effect of a cyber attack on a mission and are therefore unsuitable for mission analysis or training. In this paper, we present a new approach, the Virtual Cyber Range, a portable modeling and simulation framework that provides a real-time, hardware-in-the-loop capability for simulation of cyber threats to the entire net-centric infrastructure. It also provides the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of the threats in disrupting communications via key performance indicators. The range provides models for accurate cyber threat simulation at all layers of the networking stack to include passive, active, coordinated and adaptive attacks on networks with hundreds to thousands of wired and wireless components. The range enables interoperability with Live-Virtual- Constructive (LVC) simulations providing assessment of human-in-the-loop performance, and can stimulate physical networked systems with simulated cyber threats for real-time testing.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing a Virtual Embedded Scenario-Based Military Simulation Training Program Using Educational and Design Instructional Strategies
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2018 Designing a Virtual Embedded Scenario-Based Military Simulation Training Program using Educational and Design Instructional Strategies Christina Cook University of Central Florida Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, and the Instructional Media Design Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Cook, Christina, "Designing a Virtual Embedded Scenario-Based Military Simulation Training Program using Educational and Design Instructional Strategies" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 5854. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/5854 DESIGNING A VIRTUAL EMBEDDED SCENARIO-BASED MILITARY SIMULATION TRAINING PROGRAM USING EDUCATIONAL AND DESIGN INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES by CHRISTINA COOK M.A. University of Central Florida, 2012 A dissertation in practice submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the School of Teaching, Learning, and Leadership in the College of Education and Human Performance at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2018 Major Professor: Carolyn Hopp ©2018 Christina E. Cook ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this dissertation in practice was to develop and implement a new training program for designers of military intelligence simulation scenarios used to train soldiers. The use of education and design instructional strategies assisted in the ability for designers to gain mastery skills in creating realistic, high-fidelity scenarios that are applied in the training process.
    [Show full text]