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Transposition Cipher Dan Grille Cipher Transposition Cipher dan Grille Cipher Kevin Wibowo-13509065 Program Studi Teknik Informatika Sekolah Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia [email protected] Abstraksi— Dalam makalah yang akan dibuat jembatan kayu tersebut(panjang naik turun). Setelah akan dibahas salah satu topik dari kriptografi enkripsi itu pesan akan dibaca secara mendatar untuk klasik yang tampaknya jarang diperhatikan, padahal mendapatkan cipherteks. metode ini cukup kuat. Metode tersebut adalah metode Contoh: enkripsi transposisi. Metode ini mempunyai dasar yang sangat sederhana yaitu mengubah urutan dari huruf- Plainteks:jam satu aula barat huruf yang ada, tetapi pendeteksian akan sangat sulit bila (putih diisi huruf secara naik turun, hitam kosong) tidak mempunyai kuncinya. Metode-metode transposisi Kunci 1:3langkah juga dapat digabungkan dengan metode lain seperti subtitusi agar pesan menjadi sangat aman. Terdapat berbagai macam metode transposisi seperti columnar transposition, double transposition, Grille cipher, dan lain-lain. Metode Grille Cipher adalah salah satu metode yang bisa digunakan sebagai kriptografi dan juga dapat Kunci 2:4 langkah digunakan untuk steganografi (metode untuk menyembunyikan pesan). Metode ini menggunkan pergeseran tanpa rumus, tetapi menggunakan template posisi pengubahan. Dengan menggunakan template yang tersedia, penyembunyian pesan akan dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Metode Grille Cipher ini juga mempunyai beberapa variasi seperti single Grille cipher, Cipherteks1: jauaastalbrtmuaa chessboard Grille, dan masih banyak lagi. Cipherteks2: juaatabrmauaaslt Kata Kunci— Transpotition Cipher, Key, Grille, 1.2 Route Cipher Plain Text, Cipher Text. Route Cipher adalah salah satu jenis cipher yang merupakan perluasan rail fence cipher. Cara ini mirip karena menggunakan rute seperti rail fence, tetapi I. TRANSPOSITION CIPHER dalam hal ini rute bisa berupa apa saja seperti Transposition cipher adalah salah satu jenis teknik melingkar kedalam atau rute khusus. Biasanya kunci pengenkripsian pesan dengan cara mengubah urutan berupa cara baca. Walaupun memiliki kunci huruf-huruf yang ada di dalam plainteks(pesan yang pemecahan cukup memakan waktu dibanding cipher belum dienkripsi) menjadi cipherteks pesan ynag telah lainnya. Untuk pemecahan dapat dimisalkan dengan dienkripsi) dengan cara tertentu agar isi dari pesan angka tersebut tidak dimengerti kecuali oleh orang-orang Contoh: tertentu. Pada dasarnya prinsip pengubahan pesan Plainteks: jam satu aula barat mirip dengan anagram seperti kata ―melepas‖ diubah Kunci 1:buat 4x4 kotak kosong lalu dari kanan menjadi ―saeelpm‖, tapi tentu saja transposition cipher atas tulis melingkar kedalam mempunyai rumus atau kunci tertentu yang diperlukan agar pesan bisa dimengerti. Berikut adalah beberapa contoh transposition cipher. 1.1 Rail Fence Cipher Rail Fence cipher adalah salah satu jenis Kunci 2:buat 4x4 kotak lalu dari kanan atas kiri, transposition cipher, yang menggunakan prinsip kiri, bawah, kanan, kanan, bawah, bawah, kiri, seperti rel kereta api yang terdapat dua buah jalur besi atas, kiri, bawa,kiri, atas,atas,atas,atas. dan kayu jembatan ditengah-tengahnya. Dalam cipher ini kita menyusuri rel tersebut dengan naik-turun melalui jembatan. Kunci dapat berupa seberapa jauh Makalah IF3058 Kriptografi – Sem. II Tahun 2011/2012 Cipherteks 1:labjutaaaarmutas jauaatlrmuaasabt (dibaca dari belakang) = Cipherteks 2:tmajasatraluabua tbasaaumrltaauaj Contoh pemecahan: Cipherteks 1:labjutaaaarmutas Kunci 1:buat 4x4 kotak kosong lalu dari kanan atas tulis melingkar kedalam Kunci 2:5(dibaca kebawah) Arti huruf pertama cipherteks adalah huruf ke 10 plainteks, huruf kedua cipherteks adalah huruf ke 11 plainteks, dan seterusnya. jtataubmaasurala(dibaca dari belakang) = alarusaambuatatj 1.3 Columnar Transposition Cipher Columnar transposition cipher adalah salah satu jenis transposition cipher yang sangat mudah dilakukan dan juga dipecahkan, hal ini dilakukan dengan cara mengurutkan huruf per baris dan membacanya kebawah, dalam cipher ini kuncinya Cipherteks 1:tarabaluautasmaj adalah jumlah huruf per baris. Pemecahan cipher ini Cipherteks 2:asujlaaaatrmaubt bisa dilakukan dengan mudah dengan menebak kunci dengan bruteforce. 1.5 Myszkowski transposition Contoh: Myszkowski transposition adalah perkembangan Plainteks: jam satu aula barat dari columnar transposition cipher dengan Kunci 1:4(dibaca kebawah) menggunakan kunci berupa kata. Dan dari kata tersebut akan diubah ke angka dan digunakan untuk membaca urutan dari cipher.Contoh kunci adalah pisang bila diubah bedasarkan urutan di alphabet(a adalah alphabet ke 1, b adalah ke 2 dan seterusnya)pisang= 16, 9, 19, 1, 14, 7. Lalu urutan Kunci 2:5(dibaca kebawah) tersbut akan dibuat peringkat (a adalah peringkat ke 1, sedangkan g adalah peringkat 2)pisang= 5,3,6,1,4,2 lalu hal tersebut akan diubah menjadi urutan pembacaan kolom di cipher. Bila terdapat huruf yang sama dalam kunci urutan akan disesuaikan. Cipherteks 1:jauaatlrmuaasabt Contoh: Cipherteks 2:jtataubmaasurala Plainteks: jam satu aula barat Kunci 1:pisang(536142) 1.4 Double Columnar Transposition Cipher Double columnar transposition cipher adalah pengembangan dari columar transposition cipher. Karena cipher tersebut mudah dipecahkan, maka cipher tersebut dilakukan dua kali agar lebih aman. Sebelum diacak lagi urutan kata dimodfikasi terlebih dahulu seperti pembacaan dari belakang atau lain-lain Contoh: Plainteks: jam satu aula barat Kunci 1:4(dibaca kebawah) Makalah IF3058 Kriptografi – Sem. II Tahun 2011/2012 Kunci 2:pasang(415132) Hilangkan lembaran lubang: Isi dengan kalimat: Cipherteks 1:slt tb aar aa jua mua Cipherteks 2:aar slt t baa jua mua II. GRILLE CIPHER Grille cipher adalah salah satu cara untuk Keunggulan dari metode ini adalah tidak mengenkripsi pesan, secara umum cara ini berbeda membutuhkan alat selain lembar berlubang, dan bila dengan transposition cipher dan substitution ditulis tangan penyembunyian akan lebih mudah cipher(mengganti huruf dengan huruf atau symbol karena tidak ada batas huruf yang bisa membatasi. lain). Akan tetapi beberapa cabang dari grille cipher Contoh: dapat terlihat seperti transpositional cipher. Dalam kalimat atas kata huruf j dan a pertama Grille cipher dilakukan dengan menggunakan dibatasi 2 huruf sehingga bisa ditulis jika, tetapi bila lembaran(dapat berupa kertas, kardus,kayu, atau menggunakan tulis tangan orang tidak akan curiga bila bahkan besi) yang memiliki lubang tapi sekarang ini terdapat 3 atau 4 huruf dengan cara mengubah ukuran dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan program komputer. dan bentuk tulisan sebab tulisan tangan orang Untuk menyembunyikan pesan dengan Grille berbeda-beda, dalam hal ini bisa ditulis ‗jumlah‘. cipher, dibutuhkan lembaran berlubang untuk menandakan dimana huruf dituliskan. Selain itu dekripsi bisa dilakukan dengan cepat Lembaran tersebut adalah kunci dari Grille cipher. bila pihak yang dituju telah memiliki lembaran, tanpa Dengan menggunakan lembaran tetntu saja kunci dari proses penghitungan. cipher ini akan sulit diketahui orang lain karena tidak Dalam metode ini selembar lembar berlubang juga berupa kata atau kalimat yang mungkin saja tercuri dapat menghasilkan 4 enkripsi yang berbeda dengan dengar atau terlihat sekilas. Sehingga satu-satunya cara membalik-balik lembar. cara untuk memecahkan Grille adalah memperoleh lempengan. 2.1 Trellis Cipher Terdapat beberapa algoritma Grille cipher: Trellis cipher atau yang disebut juga chessboard cipher adalah Grille cipher yang menggunakan pola 2.1 Cardan Grille papan catur sebagai lembar berlubang. Pertama Cardan Grille adalah salah satu jenis bentuk Grille kalimat akan diisi di salah satu jenis warna misal cipher yang fungsi utamanya adalah untuk hitam, lalu setalah penuh kalimat akan diisi di warna menyembunyikan pesan bukan untuk mengengkripsi putih, bila terjadi kekurangan maka sisanya akan diisi pesan, sehingga Cardan Grille lebih sering digunakan dengan huruf asal, bila lebih maka akan digunakan untuk steganografi. Untuk melakukan Cardan Grille papan lain. Metode ini walaupun terdapat beberapa diperlukan lembaran berlubang dan di lubang-lubang posisi awal, tidak terlalu aman karena hanya terdapat tersebut akan diisi huruf, yang diisin dengan pesan sedikit kombinasi kunci dibandingkan cipher lainnya, lalu setelah itu lembaran tersebut akan diangkat dan dan hanya aman bila kriptanalis(pembongkar enkripsi) diisi dengan kalimat sisanya. tidak tahu bahwa ini adalah Trellis cipher. Contoh: Plainteks:Jam satu Contoh: Kunci: Plainteks: Jam satu aula barat ketemu untuk bicara langkah selanjutnya Enkripsi: Isi hitam dahulu Enkripsi: Makalah IF3058 Kriptografi – Sem. II Tahun 2011/2012 Lalu huruf akan diisi bedasarkan nomor yang telah dipilih. Contoh: Plainteks: jam satu aula barat Isi putih: Lalu putar (boleh searh jarum jam atau berlawanan) sebagai contoh searah jarum jam dan isi Lakukan berulang sampai 360derajat Gabungkan: Satukan: Cipherteks:jaakmasngaktauhauslealbanajruattkne ytaeabmcuduentfugkhbijikclamr 2.1 Turnign Grille Turning Grille adalah salah satu jenis dimana Cipherteks:jularaauatsaamtb kuncinya adalah nomor dari blok yang ada. Grille ini dibuat dengan cara membuat sebuah papan kotak, dan III. PENGUJIAN METODE TRANSPOSISI membaginya menjadi 4. Setalah itu akan diberi nomor Dalam kriptografi ada beberapa hal yang perlu di setiap kuadran penomoran pada kuadran dilakukan diperhatikan dalam pengenkripsian: dengan cara merotasi tiap kuadran. 1 Enkripsi mudah digunakan oleh pengirim dan Contoh: penerima.
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