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Uma Investigação Sobre Pessoas Com Altas Habilidades/Superdotação: Dialogando Com Marion Milner

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Uma Investigação Sobre Pessoas Com Altas Habilidades/Superdotação: Dialogando Com Marion Milner PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC – SP Denise Rocha Belfort Arantes Uma investigação sobre pessoas com altas habilidades/superdotação: dialogando com Marion Milner MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA SÃO PAULO 2011 Denise Rocha Belfort Arantes Uma investigação sobre pessoas com altas habilidades/superdotação: dialogando com Marion Milner MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Psicologia Clínica (Área de concentração: Tratamento e Prevenção), sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Gilberto Safra. SÃO PAULO 2011 Banca examinadora _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à minha família, que sempre me instigou a seguir os estudos e acreditou que eu poderia ir em frente. Em especial à minha mãe, que contribuiu, de modo significativo, para eu me tornar quem sou, auxiliando na concretização das minhas aspirações acadêmicas e ao meu pai, pelo estímulo e presença constantes. Aos meus amigos, que compreenderam os momentos de ausência e sempre me apoiaram e se fizeram presentes, mesmo distantes. À Márcia, pela leitura atenta e comentários construtivos sobre esta dissertação e à Clélia, pela cumplicidade e revisão cuidadosa. Aos colegas do Centro de Apoio Pedagógico Especializado (CAPE), pelo incentivo. A todos os entrevistados, pela disponibilidade em compartilhar comigo fragmentos significativos de suas histórias de vida. Ao meu orientador, Prof. Gilberto Safra, agradeço pelo apoio, compartilhamento do saber e valiosas contribuições para a realização desta pesquisa. À Profª. Drª. Christina Cupertino e à Profª. Drª. Maria Cecília de Faria, membros da Banca, pelas críticas e comentários, que me conduziram a novos caminhos. Por fim, agradeço a CAPES, pela bolsa concedida durante o curso de pós-graduação. “Só sabemos com exatidão quando sabemos pouco; à medida que vamos adquirindo conhecimentos, instala-se a dúvida.” Johann Goethe RESUMO ARANTES, Denise Rocha Belfort. Uma investigação sobre pessoas com altas habilidades/superdotação: dialogando com Marion Milner. 2011. 108 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica). Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2011. A partir de demandas profissionais, interessei-me pelo aprofundamento dos estudos a respeito das altas habilidades/superdotação e, na medida em que descobria mais a respeito, sob o enfoque educacional, me questionava sobre a relevância de um estudo sobre como esse fenômeno impactaria essas pessoas. Na literatura, há estudos cujo foco está no aluno, nas políticas públicas e nos programas educacionais para ele criados, enquanto que aspectos emocionais e características relativas ao seu desenvolvimento afetivo têm sido pouco explorados. Este estudo pretende compreender a forma como cinco pessoas com altas habilidades/superdotação se posicionam no mundo, por meio do relato de experiências vivenciadas como significativas. Utilizo o referencial teórico de Marion Milner, para auxiliar na compreensão do modo como lidam com sua criatividade e como isto influencia em suas pessoalidades. Baseei-me no método fenomenológico, que permitiu extrair as unidades de significado presentes nas entrevistas realizadas, para posterior discussão psicanalítica. Esta pesquisa foi realizada em vértice qualitativo, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, parcialmente aberta e semiestruturada, que levou a relatos em forma de depoimentos, com pessoas com altas habilidades/superdotação, jovens e adultas. Foram entrevistadas sete pessoas e, para a análise, após redução eidética, foram reescritas e apresentadas cinco. Concluiu-se que pode ser difícil ser uma pessoa com altas habilidades/superdotação, quando suas necessidades de acolhimento não são satisfeitas. Mas se ela puder integrar, por meio da criatividade, sua interioridade, será facilitada a sua adaptação ao mundo, imprimindo nele uma marca pessoal, que o torna habitável. Palavras-chave: Inteligência, Altas habilidades, Superdotação, Milner, Criatividade. ABSTRACT ARANTES, Denise Rocha Belfort. An investigation of people with high ability/giftedness: dialogue with Marion Milner. 2011. 108 p. Dissertation (Master Degree on Clinical Psychology). Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2011. From professional demands, I became interested by deepening the studies of high ability/giftedness and, to the extent that I was discovering more, under the educational focus was questioning me about the relevance of a study on how this phenomenon would impact these people. In the literature, there are studies whose focus is on student, in public policies and in educational programmes for he created, while the emotional aspects and characteristics regarding their affective development have been little explored. This study aims to understand how five people with high ability/giftedness position themselves in the world, through reporting experiences experienced as significant. I use the theoretical reference Marion Milner, to assist in understanding the way how to deal with his creativity and how this impacts on your personalia. Based on the phenomenological method, which allowed to extract the units of meaning present in the interviews conducted, for later psychoanalytic discussion. This survey was conducted in a qualitative vertex, the data were collected through interview, partially open and semi-structured, which led to reports in the form of testimonials, with people with high ability/giftedness, young people and adults. Seven people were interviewed, and for the analysis, after Eidetic reduction, were rewritten and made five. It was concluded that can be hard to be a person with high skills/giftedness, when their host needs are not met. But if she can integrate, through creativity, your interiority, will be facilitated their adaptation to the world by printing it a personal brand, making it habitable. Keywords: Intelligence, High ability, Giftedness, Milner, Creativity. SUMÁRIO 1. INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................................... 08 1.1. Adentrando o campo ................................................................................................................... 08 1.2. Revisão bibliográfica .................................................................................................................. 09 2. MÉTODO .............................................................................................................................................. 22 2.1. A coleta de dados ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.2. Contextualização das entrevistas ............................................................................................. 26 3. AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE MARION MILNER .................................................................. 29 3.1. Dados biográficos ........................................................................................................................ 29 3.2. Bases teóricas ................................................................................................................................ 33 4. AS CONFIGURAÇÕES ENCONTRADAS NAS ENTREVISTAS ............................... 45 4.1. A descoberta .................................................................................................................................. 45 4.2. A escola .......................................................................................................................................... 47 4.3. A família ......................................................................................................................................... 51 4.4. Percepção de si em relação ao mundo ................................................................................... 54 4.5. Relações interpessoais ................................................................................................................ 58 4.6. A nomeação do fenômeno ......................................................................................................... 60 4.7. Relação com o conhecimento formal ..................................................................................... 62 4.8. Estereótipo ..................................................................................................................................... 64 4.9. O lugar no mundo ........................................................................................................................ 66 4.10. Uso da criatividade ................................................................................................................... 68 5. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ......................................................................................................... 73 REFERÊNCIAS ....................................................................................................................................... 78 OBRAS CONSULTADAS ................................................................................................................... 83 ANEXOS ..................................................................................................................................................... 85 ANEXO A – Questões para a entrevista semidirigida
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