Laporan CBDRM Kundang

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Laporan CBDRM Kundang LAPORAN PROGRAM 21 APRIL 2019 CBDRM KUNDANG Bengkel Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Berasaskan Masyarakat MEMBINA MASYARAKAT Pada tahun 2017, penduduk BERDAYA TAHAN Kundang telah dikejutkan dengan bencana banjir yang menjejaskan beberapa kawasan di sekitarnya iaitu Kampung Melayu Sri Kundang, Bandar Baru Kundang, Kampung Bunga Raya dan Kampung Sungai Serai. Mengambil iktibar dan pelajaran dari kejadian tersebut, MERCY Malaysia dalam rangka membudayakan konsep pengurangan risiko bencana/ disaster risk reduction (DRR) sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam pengurusan risiko bencana. MEMBINA SELANGOR BERDAYA TAHAN: TAHAN: BERDAYA SELANGOR MEMBINA Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Berasaskan Masyarakat (CBDRM) (CBDRM) Masyarakat Berasaskan Bencana KERJASAMA KERJASAMA Program ini merupakan komitmen MEMBINA MASYARAKAT MERCY Malaysia dalam BERDAYA TAHAN mempromosikan konsep dan amalan DRR sebagai agenda utama dalam pengurusan risiko bencana kerana kebanyakan NGO, perubuhan-pertubuhan masyarakat, pihak swasta mahupun individu akan lebih menumpukan bantuan terhadap mangsa semasa bencana bukan selepas bencana. Program ini dilaksanakan dengan kerjasama bersama Unit Pengurusan Bencana Negeri Selangor (UPBNS) dan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). MEMBINA SELANGOR BERDAYA TAHAN: TAHAN: BERDAYA SELANGOR MEMBINA Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Berasaskan Masyarakat (CBDRM) (CBDRM) Masyarakat Berasaskan Bencana CBDRM KUNDANG, SELANGOR Bengkel Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Berasaskan Masyarakat ISI KANDUNGAN BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang 1.2 Membina Masyarakat Berdaya Tahan/Building Resilient Communities (BRC) dan Masyarakat Berdaya Tahan 1.3 Persediaan dan Kaedah Bengkel BAB 2 SESI PROGRAM DAN HASIL KEGIATAN 2.1 Sesi 1 – Pengenalan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana/Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) berteraskan masyarakat 2.2 Sesi 2 – Garis Waktu Bencana dan Rajah Venn 2.3 Sesi 3 – Pengenalan kepada ‘Penilaian Tentang Bahaya, Kelemahan dan Kapasiti 2.4 Sesi 4 – Tinjauan Kampung dan Pembentangan Tinjauan Kampung Kumpulan/Zon BAB 3 PENILAIAN KAJIAN SOAL SELIDIK DAN BENGKEL 3.1 Garis Panduan Analisis Scorecard Daya Tahan 3.2 Hasil Scorecard Daya Tahan Komuniti Kampung BAB 4 LAMPIRAN 4.1 Lampiran 1 – Aturcara Bengkel 4.2 Lampiran 2 – Senarai Nama Bengkel 4.3 Lampiran 3 – Liputan Media 4.4 Lampiran 4 – Zon Tinjauan Kampung 4.5 Lampiran 5 – Foto Kegiatan Bengkel 1 CBDRM KUNDANG, SELANGOR Bengkel Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Berasaskan Masyarakat BAB 1 – PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Bencana merupakan suatu kejadian yang berlaku secara mengejut, bersifat kompleks dan melibatkan kecederaan atau kehilangan nyawa, kemusnahan harta benda atau alam sekitar serta menjejaskan aktiviti masyarakat setempat. Ia juga berkemungkinan merebak dari satu kawasan ke kawasan yang lain. Antara salah satu bencana yang sering berlaku di Malaysia adalah banjir. Banjir merupakan bencana alam yang berlaku disebabkan oleh faktor klimatologi atau faktor iklim seperti keadaan suhu, taburan hujan, sejatan, pergerakan angin dan keadaan semula jadi muka bumi. Di dalam konteks Malaysia, banjir adalah sesuatu yang berlaku secara tradisi terutamanya di pantai Timur Semenanjung semasa musim tengkujuh1. Peningkatan kekerapan banjir yang berlaku di Malaysia adalah disebabkan semulajadi akibat daripada perubahan monsun, pembalakan yang tidak terkawal atau peningkatan kawasan setinggan di dalam bandar. Selain daripada itu, faktor lain yang memberi kesan kepada berlakunya kejadian banjir adalah terhasil daripada faktor perkembangan pembandaran atau lebih dikenali dengan istilah “urban development”. Perkembangan pembandaran merujuk kepada pembandaran yang dilihat dengan dimensi dan persepsi yang berbeza, serta memberi perubahan kepada geografi (tumpuan penduduk dan pekerjaan), perubahan fizikal (perubahan penggunaan tanah seperti di kawasan bandar dan peningkatan permukaan tiruan), ekonomi dan masyarakat (sosial dan perubahan budaya). Pembandaran di Malaysia berlaku pada kadar tinggi dan dijangka akan meningkat sehingga 85% pada tahun 2040 dengan populasi penduduknya mencecah 46 juta. Disebabkan tekanan daripada perkembangan pembandaran, perubahan iklim yang melampau dan pencemaran alam sekitar menyebabkan berlakunya peningkatan jumlah bencana dengan jumlah mangsa yang tinggi, kecederaan dan kematian serta kerosakan infrastruktur. Hal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan kejadian banjir yang berlaku di negeri Selangor, khususnya di Kundang, salah satu kawasan yang terletak di bawah daerah Gombak. Kawasan tersebut telah dilanda banjir sejak 10 tahun yang lalu sehingga sekarang. Kundang telah dibangunkan pada tahun 1910 dimana pada waktu itu ia digunakan sebagai kampung pertanian. Tetapi kini ia adalah salah sebuah kampung moden di negeri tersebut dengan kewujudan lebuh raya sendiri. Kawasan ini terkenal dengan pembangunan pesat seiring dengan bencana yang sering berlaku di kawasan tersebut. 1 Chan, N.W, Adaptasi Dan Resilisens Komuniti Terhadap Banjir Di Kelantan, Malaysia, Persidangan Kebangsaan Geografi & Alam Sekitar, bertempat di Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Volume: 1> 2 CBDRM KUNDANG, SELANGOR Bengkel Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Berasaskan Masyarakat Pada tahun 2017, penduduk Kundang telah dikejutkan dengan bencana banjir yang menjejaskan beberapa kawasan di sekitarnya iaitu Kampung Melayu Sri Kundang, Bandar Baru Kundang, Kampung Bunga Raya dan Kampung Sungai Serai. Hasil daripada kajian yang dijalankan oleh Jabatan Kerja Raya mendapati punca berlakunya kejadian banjir di kawasan Kundang adalah daripada kesan hujan lebat yang berterusan di Sungai Kuang yang menyebabkan air melimpah dan tidak dapat mengalir ke sungai. Selain dari itu, faktor berlakunya banjir di kawasan tersebut berpunca daripada sistem perparitan yang tidak diuruskan dengan baik. Hal ini ditambah lagi dengan sikap tidak bertanggungjawab segelintir masyarakat yang membuang sampah ke dalam sungai sehinggakan saliran laluan air terganggu lalu membawa kepada banjir. Berhubung kait dengan perkembangan pembandaran di kawasan Kundang, sikap pemaju yang melakukan pembinaan tanpa memikirkan tentang sistem saluran dan keselamatan yang sesuai bagi penduduk juga menimbulkan masalah banjir yang kerap berlaku. Mengambil iktibar dan pelajaran dari kejadian tersebut, MERCY Malaysia dalam rangka membudayakan konsep pengurangan risiko bencana/ disaster risk reduction (DRR) sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam pengurusan risiko bencana. MERCY Malaysia telah menjalankan bengkel selama 1 hari bagi memperkenalkan program Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) yang bertujuan untuk memberi kesedaran, kemahiran serta pengetahuan tentang kesiapsediaan sebelum, semasa dan selepas menghadapi bencana. Program ini merupakan komitmen MERCY Malaysia dalam mempromosikan konsep dan amalan DRR sebagai agenda utama dalam pengurusan risiko bencana kerana kebanyakan NGO, perubuhan-pertubuhan masyarakat, pihak swasta mahupun individu akan lebih menumpukan bantuan terhadap mangsa semasa bencana bukan selepas bencana. Diharapkan dengan pelaksanaan bengkel ini beserta kesedaran dari masyarakat akan dapat meningkatkan daya tahan dalam mengurangkan risiko akibat bencana serta memberi nilai tambah kepada plan tindakan bencana di kawasan tersebut. Melalui program ini juga, diharapakan filosofi, konsep dan amalan DRR dibudayakan dikalangan masyarakat setempat secara umumnya. Laporan ini disiapkan sebagai dokumentasi kegiatan dan langkah-langkah pengurangan risiko bencana yang telah dibincangkan bersama-sama semasa bengkel dijalankan. 3 CBDRM KUNDANG, SELANGOR Bengkel Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Berasaskan Masyarakat 1.2 Membina Masyarakat Berdaya Tahan/ Building Resilient Communities (BRC) dan Komuniti Berdaya Tahan 1.2.1 Daya Tahan dan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Daya tahan atau resiliensi adalah kemampuan untuk menyesuaikan diri dan tetap teguh dalam situasi sulit6. Kemampuan daya tahan sangat diperlukan agar individu dapat lebih fleksibel dalam mengatasi kehidupan yang berubah-ubah dan tidak terlalu lama berada dalam situasi kehidupan yang ekstrim. Sebuah masyarakat yang mempunyai daya tahan yang lebih baik dapat mengatasi kesan daripada bencana alam dan mampu untuk mendapatkan kehidupan normal kembali dengan lebih cepat. Untuk mencapai hal ini, semua lapisan masyarakat - kerajaan, institusi akademik, sektor swasta, masyarakat sivil, organisasi berasaskan masyarakat, dan masyarakat umum harus terlibat. Membina daya tahan masyarakat memerlukan penglibatan secara langsung di peringkat akar umbi dalam semua tahap pelaksanaan konsep pengurangan risiko bencana atau DRR. Dari tahap perancangan hingga pemantauan dan penilaian, usaha khusus harus dilakukan untuk melibatkan lapis masyarakat yang paling berisiko. DRR merupakan sebuah pendekatan sistematik untuk mengenalpasti, menilai dan mengurangkan risiko bencana. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengurangkan kelemahan sosial - ekonomi yang diakibatkan oleh bencana serta bahaya alam sekitar dan hal-hal lainnya. DRR adalah sebuah konsep dan amalan dalam usaha mengurangkan risiko dan kesan bencana melalui usaha sistematik dalam menganalisa dan menguruskan faktor-faktor berlakunya bencana, yang meliputi, tetapi tidak terhad kepada: 1. Mengurangkan ancaman dan bahaya 2. Mengurangkan ancaman pada manusia dan harta benda 3. Dasar perancangan alam sekitar 4. Meningkatkan kesediaan terhadap bencana 4 CBDRM KUNDANG, SELANGOR Bengkel Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Berasaskan Masyarakat Merespon situasi ini, MERCY Malaysia membentuk
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