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POLEMICS ALAIN BAD IOU Teaches Philosophy at the Ecole Norrnale Super­ Ieure and the College International De Philosophic in Paris

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POLEMICS ALAIN BAD IOU Teaches Philosophy at the Ecole Norrnale Super­ Ieure and the College International De Philosophic in Paris ALAIN BADIOU POLEMICS ALAIN BAD IOU teaches philosophy at the Ecole norrnale super­ ieure and the College international de philosophic in Paris. In addition to several novels, plays and political essays, he has published a number of major philosophical works. His recent books include Ihe Meaning ifSarkozy; Ethics; Metapolitics; Ihe Com­ munist Hypothesis; and Five Lessons on Wagner. Polemics ALAIN BAD IOU Part Two, Chapter 8 by Cecile Winter Translated and with an Introduction by Steve Corcoran VERSO London • New York Rt"rli8u-®ifiAi< This book is supported by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs as part of the Burgess programme run by the Cultural Department of the French Embassy in London. ( .frenchbookne s.com) www ,w First published by Verso 2006 This paperback edition first published by Verso 2011 ©Verso 2011 Translation © Steve Corcoran 2006, 2011 'Part One' first published as Circonstances 1 in 2003 © Editions Leo Scheer: Lignes et Manifestes 2003 and Circonstances 2 in 2004 © Editions Leo Scheer: Lignes et Manifestes 2004; 'Part Two' first published as Circonstances 3 in 2005 © Editions Uo Scheer: Lignes et Manifestes 2005; 'Part Three' first published as 'La commune "de Paris' and 'La revolution culturelle' in 2003 © Les Conferences du Rouge-Gorge, Paris 2003 All rights reserved The moral rights of the authors and translator have been asserted 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London WlF OEG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY ll201 www. verso books. com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN-13: 978-1-84467-763-4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Typeset in Baskerville by Hewer Text UK Ltd, Edinburgh Printed in the US by Maple Vail .- -Contents ( Translator's Introduction Vll Acknowledgements XXIV Part One: Philosophy and Circumstances Introduction 3 Philosophy and the Question of War Today j 1. On September 11 2001: Philosophy and the 'War against Terrorism' 15 2. Fragments of a PublicJournal on the American War against I�aq 36 3. On the War against Serbia: Who Strikes Whom in the World Today? 62 The 'Democratic' Fetish and Racism 4. On Parliamentary 'D emocracy': the French Presidential Elections of 2002 75 5. The Law on the Islamic Headscarf 98 6. Daily Humiliation 111 Openings/Affirmations 7. The Power of the Open: A Discourse on the Necessity ifFusing Germany and France 117 8. Third Sketch of a Manifesto of AffirmationistArt 133 Notes to Part One 149 vi POLEMICS Part Two: Uses of the Word jew' Introduction 15 7 1. Israel: the Country in the World where there are the FewestJews? 16 7 2. The Destruction of the EuropeanJews and the Question of Evil (fragments from Ethics:An Essay on the Understanding rifEvil, translated by Peter Hallward) ·1 72 3. A Dialogue between aJew from Darzia and an Arab froni Epirus 182 4. Saint Paul and theJews (excerpt from Saint Paul: 7he Foundation rif Universalism, translated by Ray Brassier) 188 5. Against Negationism 195 6. Local Angel 202 7. Interview in Haaretz 208 8. The Master-Signifier of the New Ary ans (by Cecile Winter) 21 7 9. The Word jew' and the Sycophant 230 Notes to Part Two 248 Part Three: Historicity of Politics: Lessons of Two Revolutions 1. The Paris Commune: A Political Declaration on Politics 25 7 2. The Cultural Revolution: The Last Revolution? 291 A Brief Chronology of the Cultural Revolution (translated by Bruno Bosteels) 322 Notes to Part Three 329 Index 333 0 .,l Translator's Introduction Steve Corcoran ) This coliection of Badiou's political essays brings together some of his pointed contributions to the resistance to today's general ideology , and to the preparation of the ground for future political invention. What general ideology ? The rampant promotion of neo­ liberal economics and the ethics of human rights, to be sure. The ·, , · o,; double discourse on democracy that says democracy is bad when it allows itself to be corrupted by demands for the eq uality of all and good when it rallies individuals to the war chant to spread itself across the globe, of course. 1 But also the ideology that says a political movement cannot be grounded ip. any reference to metaphysical truths or a priori universals, that philosophy cannot have a bearing on politics. The notion that the experien ce of our century , having proven that such references lead to totalitarian social consequences, that the Enlightenment results in the Gulag, , · requires that we accept, humbly, that in our complex 'risk societies' the only appropriate politics is one of the dialogue of interests, strategic judgement and expert management, precluding all notion of politics as the application of cognitive insight. On the contrary , ' Badiou maintains, it is fully possible, 'even' in today's conditions of global contingency, to revive a politics of universal truth. As the name suggests, Polemics is not sorriuch a general reflection on principles as it is an engagement with these forms of reaction as viii .POLEMICS they have surfaced during a number of recent events. 2 Badiou launches a vigorous polemic against the forms of leftist melanch­ olia, guarded reformism and right-wing offensivethat all accept, in one way or another, the inevitability of the end of transformative revolutionary politics. As is necessary when past progressive se­ quences have been year in year out buried under masses of Thermidorian propaganda, the assertion of the existence of some­ thing whose visibility is altogether obscuredwill require a relentless critique of what passes for normality. And Badiou's work, as Peter Hallward remarks, is nothing if not polemical. But what distin­ guishes his thinking from that of other voices who today call into · question the prevailing consensus is his insistence - against mere pragmatic assertions of what is or nostalgia for what once was ·­ that the novelty of universal forms of affirmation can only ever take place as a rigorous break from the situation, a break with the norms governing every day political existence. Part One consists of a number of essays originally published in French as the first two volumes of a series called Circonstances. 3 Fittingly, then, we begin with an essay - originally the preface to the second volume- in which Badiou explains how he understands the relation between philosophy and circumstances, or the notion of a philosophical situation. This very accessible essay emphasizes - · that, for Badiou, philosophy is not just a discipline of general reflection on any phenomenon whatsoever. What imports is that philosophy can produce an encounter, one that sheds light on the irreducible distance between thought and power, that marks the value of the exception and seeks to know whether or not an event bears a rupture. The first terrain of investigation concerns the encounter between philosophy and war today. Essays on the 11 September 200 1 terrorist attacks in the US , on the American war against Iraq and on the NATO intervention against Serbia, all explore the nature of war and power in the world today. Following these come three articles dealing with parliamentary 'democracy' and racism, in which the question is to know whether or not the ' TRANSLATOR S l_NTRODUCTION ix figures of racism- and , intolerance that (French) parliamentary democracy projects as external to it really are,so. Is Le Pen really , external to the French parliamentary scene? His very presence in thesecond round ofFrance's presidential elections of2002 suggests otherwise. Does the recent French law banning the wearing of headscarves in schools really reflect a concern that 'communitar­ ianism' is encroaching upon the egalitarian ideals of the Republic? That the real effects of this law may result in the exclusion of young (Muslim) women from school suggests not. What then is really at stake? The third article is a shorter, more personal piece, originally published in Le Monde after the riots in the Parisian banlieues and throughout France in November 2005. In it Badiou recounts the daily humiliation that his own adopted son, who happens to be black, is forced to endure at the hands of that same Republic. The last section in Part One contains two essays that will not surprise those already familiar with the programmatic side of Badiou's philosophizing. The first essay articulates his bold plea for a political fusion of Germany and France, and the second comprises the latest version of his Manifisto qfAffirmationist Art. PartTwo ofPolemics was published inFrench as the third, and to date last, volume of the series: Circonstances 3: Portees du mot )"uij.A It has been reproduced here in its entirety. The theme of this volume . concentrates more specifically on questions of the political circula­ tion of communal predicates, that is, the question of the status to be accorded to communal predicates in public intellectual discussion in general and on the current uses and appropriations of the word :Jew' in particular. These texts, as Badiou underscores, are not texts 'on the Jewish question' - a question that would evoke a 'solution'. Instead, what is at issue is to krtow'whether or not the "word" Jew constitutes an exceptional signifier in the general field of public intellectual discussion, exceptional to the point that it would be licit to have it play the role of a destinal, or: even sacred, signifier'. The texts themselves come from a variety of sources � short essays, interviews, excerpts from literary and philosophical X POLEMICS texts � published over a period of twenty-three years. Two more essays round off Part Two; one that is not by Badiou himself but by Cecile Winter, which originally comprised the annex of Circon­ stances 3.
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