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Data Download on the Move in Visible Light Communications: Design and Analysis

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Data Download on the Move in Visible Light Communications: Design and Analysis C585etukansi.kesken.fm Page 1 Tuesday, October 11, 2016 3:13 PM C 585 OULU 2016 C 585 UNIVERSITY OF OULU P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 UNIVERSITY OF OULU FINLAND ACTA UNIVERSITATISUNIVERSITATIS OULUENSISOULUENSIS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTAACTA TECHNICATECHNICACC Helal Chowdhury Helal Chowdhury Professor Esa Hohtola DATA DOWNLOAD ON University Lecturer Santeri Palviainen THE MOVE IN VISIBLE LIGHT Postdoctoral research fellow Sanna Taskila COMMUNICATIONS: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Professor Olli Vuolteenaho University Lecturer Veli-Matti Ulvinen Director Sinikka Eskelinen Professor Jari Juga University Lecturer Anu Soikkeli Professor Olli Vuolteenaho UNIVERSITY OF OULU GRADUATE SCHOOL; UNIVERSITY OF OULU, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY Publications Editor Kirsti Nurkkala ISBN 978-952-62-1361-3 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-62-1362-0 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3213 (Print) ISSN 1796-2226 (Online) ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS C Technica 585 HELAL CHOWDHURY DATA DOWNLOAD ON THE MOVE IN VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATIONS: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Training Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the OP auditorium (L10), Linnanmaa, on 2 December 2016, at 12 noon UNIVERSITY OF OULU, OULU 2016 Copyright © 2016 Acta Univ. Oul. C 585, 2016 Supervised by Professor Marcos Katz Reviewed by Professor Dominic O’Brien Professor Thomas D.C. Little ISBN 978-952-62-1361-3 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-62-1362-0 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3213 (Printed) ISSN 1796-2226 (Online) Cover Design Raimo Ahonen JUVENES PRINT TAMPERE 2016 Chowdhury, Helal, Data download on the move in visible light communications: Design and analysis. University of Oulu Graduate School; University of Oulu, Faculty of Technology Acta Univ. Oul. C 585, 2016 University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland Abstract In visible light communication (VLC), light emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as transmitters; the air is the transmission medium and the photodiodes are used for receivers. This is often referred to as light fidelity (Li-Fi). In this thesis, we provide the methodology to evaluate the performance of VLC hotspot networks in the context of data downloading on the move scenarios by using throughput-distance relationship models. In this context, first we study the different properties of optical transceiver elements, noise sources, characterization and modelling of artificial light interference, different link topologies and then we introduce the throughput-distance relationship model. Secondly, the analytically based throughput-distance relationship has been developed for evaluating the performance of VLC hotspot networks in indoor environment in both day and night conditions. Simulation results reveal that background noise has a significant impact on the performance of VLC hotspots. As expected, in both indoor and outdoor environments the VLC hotspot performs better at night than during day. The performance of VLC hotspot networks is also quantified in terms of received file size at different bit error rate requirements and velocities of the mobile user. Thirdly, we study the performance of hybrid (Radio-Optical) WLAN-VLC hotspot and compare its performance with stand-alone VLC-only or WLAN-only hotspot cases. In this case, we also consider the data download on the move scenarios in an indoor environment for a single- user as well as for multi-user cases. In this hybrid WLAN-VLC hotspot, both the WLAN and the VLC are characterized by their throughput and communication range. Simulations have been performed to evaluate the performance of such network for data downloading on the move scenario by taking into account performance metrics such as filesize, average connectivity and system throughput. Simulation results reveal that the considered hybrid WLAN-VLC performs always better than stand-alone VLC-only or WLAN-only hotspot both for a single and multi-user cases. Finally, this thesis analyses the feasibility and potential benefits of using hybrid radio-optical wireless systems. In this respect, cooperative communication using optical relays are also introduced in order to increase the coverage and energy efficiency of the battery operated device. Potential benefits are identified as service connectivity and energy efficiency of battery operated device in an indoor environment. Simulation results reveal that user connectivity and energy efficiency depend on user density, coverage range ratio between single-hop and multi-hop, relay probabilities and mobility of the user. Keywords: optical hotspots, optical wireless communications, throughput-distance relationship model, visible light communications Chowdhury, Helal, Tiedon lataus liikkeessä käyttäen näkyvään valoon pohjautuvaa tiedonsiirtoa: suunnittelu ja analyysi. Oulun yliopiston tutkijakoulu; Oulun yliopisto, Teknillinen tiedekunta Acta Univ. Oul. C 585, 2016 Oulun yliopisto, PL 8000, 90014 Oulun yliopisto Tiivistelmä Näkyvään valoon pohjautuvassa tiedonsiirrossa (VLC) valodiodeja (LED) käytetään lähettiminä, ilma on siirtokanava ja valoilmaisimia käytetään vastaanottimina. Tätä kutsutaan usein nimellä light fidelity (Li-Fi). Tässä työssä tarjoamme menetelmiä VLC ”hotspot” verkkojen suoritusky- vyn arviointiin tiedonsiirtonopeus-etäisyysmalleilla skenaarioissa, jossa tietoa ladataan liikkees- sä. Tässä kontekstissa tutkimme ensin optisen lähettimen komponenttien eri ominaisuuksia, kohinan lähteitä, keinovalon häiriömalleja ja tiedonsiirtolinkkien topologioita, jonka jälkeen esittelemme tiedonsiirtonopeuden ja etäisyyden välisen mallin. Toiseksi kehitetyn analyyttisen tiedonsiirto-etäisyys mallia käytetään arvioitaessa VLC hots- pot verkkojen suorituskykyä sisäympäristössä sekä päivä että yö olosuhteissa. Simulointien tulokset osoittavat, että taustakohinalla on suuri vaikutus VLC verkkojen suorituskykyyn. Kuten odotettua, sisä- ja ulkotiloissa VLC hotspot toimii paremmin yöllä kuin päivällä. VLC hotspot verkkojen suorituskyky arvioidaan myös vastaanotetun tiedoston koon, eri bittivirhesuhteen vaa- timuksilla ja liikkuvan käyttäjän nopeuden suhteen. Kolmanneksi tutkimme hybridi WLAN-VLC hotspot verkon suorituskykyä ja vertaamme sen suorituskykyä pelkän VLC- tai WLAN hotspot tapauksessa. Käsittelemme myös skenaarioita jossa tiedoston lataus tapahtuu liikkeessä sisätilassa yhden käyttäjän sekä monen käyttäjän tapa- uksissa. Tässä hybridi WLAN-VLC hotspot, sekä erilliset WLAN- ja VLC verkot ovat määritel- ty niiden tiedonsiirtonopeuden ja kantaman perusteella. Näiden verkkojen suorituskykyä arvioi- taessa on tehty joukko tietokonesimulointeja verkossa tapahtuvasta tietojen lataamisesta liik- keessä ottamalla huomioon suorituskyvyn mittarit kuten tiedoston koko, keskimääräinen yhtey- den kesto ja saavutettu läpäisy. Simuloinnin tulokset paljastavat, että hybridi WLAN-VLC toimii aina paremmin kuin pelkkä VLC tai WLAN hotspot sekä yhden että monen käyttäjän tapaukses- sa. Lopuksi työssä analysoidaan ehdotetun järjestelmän toteutettavuus ja mahdolliset edut käy- tettäessä hybridejä radio-optisia langattomia järjestelmiä. Tältä osin esitellään myös kooperatii- viseen viestintään perustuvat optiset releet parantamaan verkon kattavuutta ja energiatehokkuut- ta akkukäyttöisissä laitteissa. Mahdolliset hyödyt tunnistetaan palvelun konnektiivisuudessa ja energiatehokkuudessa akkukäyttöisissä laitteissa sisätiloissa. Simulointien tulokset osoittavat, että käyttäjien konnektiivisuus ja energiatehokkuus riippuvat käyttäjätiheydestä, kantaman ja etäisyyden välisestä suhteesta yhden hypyn ja monen hypyn välillä, releointi todennäköisyydes- tä ja käyttäjien mobiliteetista. Asiasanat: optinen kuormittajat, optisen langattoman viestinnän, suoritusteho matkan suhde malli, valaistusdatansiirto To my father & Suha, Basil and Fougia 8 Preface I would first like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis advisor Prof. Marcos Katz for his continuous guidance and support in my pursuit of Ph.D studies. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Kaveh Pahlavan who showed me the path of research and make me understand the karma of researcher. In addition, I want to thank Adj. Prof. Sastri Kota for his valuable suggestions and comments regarding the research in satellite communications. I want to thank Prof. Pentti Leppänen, Prof. Matti Latva-aho, Prof. Jari Iinatti for giving me the opportunity to pursue my doctoral studies in the department of commu- nication engineering, University of Oulu, Finland.. I want also to thank the reviewers of this thesis, Prof. Dominico O’Brien from University of Oxford, England, and Professor Thomas Little from Boston University, Boston, USA for their valuable comments that helped to improve the final version of the thesis. It is my pleaser to thank many of my colleagues and co-author at CWC, who have been involved in the related work resulting with this thesis. Specially, I want to thank Prof. Ari Pouttu, Ijaz Ahmed, Kari Kärkkäinen, Babar Shahzad Chaudary, Hamidreza Bagheri, Dr. Janne Lehtomäki, Dr. Juha Pekka Mäkelä, Dr. Jaakko Huusko, Dr. Ani- mesh Yadav, and Dr. Pradeep Kumar. I would like to thank all administrative personnel of CWC. Specially, Jari Sillanpaa, Kirsi Ojutkangas, and Eija Pajunen for computer and official related problems. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their continuous support and encouragement when needed. I would like to dedicate this thesis to my family - my father Aminul Haque Chowdhury, my daughter Suha, my son Basil, and to my wife Fougia Hoque for their patience
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