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Impact of Mobility Models on Routing Protocols for Various Traffic Classes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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Impact of Mobility Models on Routing Protocols for Various Traffic Classes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks IMPACT OF MOBILITY MODELS ON ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR VARIOUS TRAFFIC CLASSES IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science By Hayder Majid Abdulhameed Alash May 2016 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Thesis written by Hayder Majid Abdulhameed Alash B.S., University of Baghdad, 2009 M.S., Kent State University, 2016 Approved by Hassan Peyravi, Adviser Javed Khan, Chair, Department of Computer Science James L. Blank, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………..….VII LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………...…IX DEDICTION……………………………………………………………………………… ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………………… 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) ......................................................................... 2 1.2 Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) ....................................................... 4 1.2.1 Security……………….………………………………………...…………….4 1.2.2 Routing……………………………………………………………………….5 1.2.3 Scalability…….……………………………………………………….……...5 1.2.4 Quality of Service……………………...………………………………..…...6 1.3 Routing Protocols for MANETs ............................................................................... 6 1.3.1 Proactive (Table driven) ..........................................................................…...6 1.3.2 Reactive (On demand) ........................................................................….......7 1.3.3 Hybrid……………………….........................................................................7 1.4 Other Issues Related to Quality of Service in MANETs........................................... 8 1.4.1 Unpredictable Link Properties .................................................................…...8 1.4.2 Node Mobility.................................................................................................8 1.4.3 Hidden and Exposed Terminal........................................................................9 1.4.4 Limited Battery Life………………...............................................................9 1.4.5 Route Maintenance………….........................................................................9 1.5 Thesis Organization ................................................................................................. 10 2 SURVEY OF PERVIOUS WORK ............................................................................. 11 2.1 Mobility Models ...................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Random Waypoint Mobility Model .............................................................. 13 2.1.2 Group Mobility Model .................................................................................. 15 2.1.2.1 Reference Point Group Mobility Model……………………………… ...16 2.2 Routing Protocols. ................................................................................................... 17 2.2.1 Proactive Routing Protocols .......................................................................... 18 2.2.1.1 Bellman-Ford…………………………………………………………….19 2.2.1.2 Fisheyes State Protocol (FSR)………………………………………...…19 2.2.1.3 Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR)………………………...21 2.2.1.4 Source Tree Adaptive Routing Protocol (STAR)…………………….….23 2.2.2 Reactive Routing Protocols ................................................................. ……..24 2.2.2.1 Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (ADOV)............25 2.2.2.2 Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR)…………………….………....29 2.2.2.3 Dynamic MANT On Demand Routing Protocol (DYMO) …………..…33 2.2.2.4 Location Aided Routing Protocol (LAR) ……………………………….35 2.2.3 Hybrid Routing Protocols ............................................................................. 39 2.2.3.1 Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP)…………………….……………… ……..39 3 MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS……………………………………….…………..42 3.1 Characteristics of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) ........................................ 44 iv 3.2 Applications ............................................................................................................ 45 4 SIMULATION MODEL ………………………………………………………...…. 48 4.1 Simulator ................................................................................................................. 48 4.2 Features ................................................................................................................... 49 4.3 Traffic Model .......................................................................................................... 50 4.3.1 Constant Bit Rate (CBR)……………………………………………………...51 4.3.2 Variable Bit Rate (VBR)……………………………………………………...52 4.3.3 Random Traffic………………………………...……………………………..52 4.3.4 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)…………………………………...…...………...53 4.4 Simulation Setup ..................................................................................................... 53 4.4.1 Simulation Time………………………………………………..……………..54 4.4.2 Mobility………………………………...………………...…………………...55 4.4.3 Node Placement and Network Shape…..………………...…………………...55 4.4.4 Physical Layer………………………………………………………….……..56 4.4.5 MAC Layer…………………………………………………………………...56 4.4.6 Network Layer………….…………………………………………….….…...56 4.4.7 Routing Protocols……………………………………………………….……56 4.5 Metrics ..................................................................................................................... 57 4.5.1 Throughput …….……………………………………………………………..57 4.5.2 End-to-End Delay.…………………………………………………………....57 4.5.3 Average Jitter ….……………………………………………………………..58 5 SIMULATION RESULT…….………………………………………………………59 5.1 Throughput .............................................................................................................. 59 v 5.2 Average End-to-End Delay ..................................................................................... 63 5.3 Average Jitter .......................................................................................................... 66 5.4 Modifying AODV Parameters ................................................................................ 68 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK…………………………………………....70 6.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 70 6.2 Future work ............................................................................................................. 71 GLOSSARY……………………………………………………………………………..72 REFERENCES………………..………………………………………………………...75 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Mobile Ad Hoc Network.……………………………………………….…. 3 Figure 2.1 Mobility Model Types………….…………………………………………... 13 Figure 2.2 Random Waypoint Mobility Model………………………………………... 14 Figure 2.3 Group Mobility Model……………………………………..……………..... 16 Figure 2.4 Classification of Routing Protocols……………………………………….... 18 Figure 2.5. Scope of Fisheye…….……………………………………………………….21 Figure 2.6. Multipoint Relays.………………………………………………………….. 22 Figure 2.7. Source Node Discovery Process…………………………………………… 25 Figure 2.8. A route Reply RREP Process ...…………………………………………… 26 Figure 2.9. Route Maintences …………..……………………………………………... 27 Figure 2.10. Build Record Route ….……...………………………………………........ 30 Figure 2.11. DSR Route Reply…………..…………………………………………….. 31 Figure 2.12. DSR Route Maintences…………………………………………….……... 32 Figure 2.13. Route Discovery in DYMO and AODV……………………..………….... 34 Figure 2.14. LAR Expected Zone………………….……………………………….…. 36 Figure 2.15. LAR Scheme 1- Request Zone... ………………………………………… 37 Figure 2.16. LAR Scheme 2 ……………….………………………………………….. 38 Figure 2.17. ZRP Zone …………………….………………………………………….. 41 Figure 3.1 Wireless Network …………….…………………………………………..... 43 Figure 5.1 Throughput in Random Waypoint Model…………….……………………. 60 Figure 5.2 Throughput in Group Mobility Model ……………….……………………. 62 vii Figure 5.3 End-to-End Delay in Random Waypoint Model ………………………….. 64 Figure 5.4 End-to-End Delay in Group Mobility Model ……………………………... 65 Figure 5.5 Jitter in Random Waypoint Model ………………….…………………….. 66 Figure 5.6 Jitter in Group Mobility Model …………………………………………… 67 Figure 5.7 AODV Comparison ………………………………..……………………… 69 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Simulation Parameters …………………………………………………..… 54 Table 5.1 Comparsion Results ……………………………………………………...... 68 ix DEDICATION My Mother, who is always pray for me My Father, who is always trust me My Brother and Sister, I miss you more and more My Love, I Love you forever… To my Friends, who always support me To my country, thank you for this gift ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Hassan Peyravi for all his support and guidance throughout this thesis. He has developed my skills in many areas and assisted me in its writing. In addition, I would like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Feodor F. Dragan, and Dr. Gokarna Sharma for the comments and revisions they have offered. Thanks from the bottom of my heart to my beloved parents, my brother, and my sister who have always prayed for me, which became a guiding force in completing my studies successfully. Special thanks to my mother who is my everything for always being there for me. I would also like to thank my love and future wife Zainab who withstood pressure in my absence and hung on for a long period. I am also so thankful to Marcy Curtiss, the graduate secretary. I am sincerely thankful to my friends who helped and supported me. Finally, yet importantly, I
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