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Latin America LATIN AMERICA SERIES NO SECURITY AND PEACEBUILDING PROGRAMME MONITORING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMALL ARMS CONTROLS (MISAC) Small Arms Control in Latin America LATIN AMERICA SERIES NO. 1 (ENGLISH EDITION) William Godnick • Helena Vàzquez March 2003 GODNICK & VÁZQUEZ • 1 Small Arms Control in Latin America William Godnick and Helena Vázquez MONITORING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMALL ARMS CONTROLS PROJECT (MISAC) Series on Latin America, No. 1 (English edition) International Alert – Security and Peacebuilding Programme 2 • SMALL ARMS CONTROL IN LATIN AMERICA International Alert (IA) International Alert is an independent non-governmental organisation that is working to help build just and lasting peace in areas of violent conflict. It seeks to identify and address the root causes of violent conflict and contribute to the creation of sustainable peace. International Alert works with partner organisations in the Great Lakes region of Africa, West Africa, Eurasia, South and Southeast Asia and Latin America. To complement fieldwork IA undertakes research and advocacy to influence policies and practices at the national, regional, and international levels that impact on conflict. The organisation seeks to act as a catalyst for change by bringing the voices and perspectives of those affected by conflict to the international arena and creating spaces for dialogue. The work hence focuses on the following global issues: the role of women in peacebuilding, development assistance in conflict and peacebuilding, the role of business in conflict and peacebuilding, and security and peacebuilding, including the reform of security sector institutions and combating the unregulated proliferation of small arms and light weapons. Security and Peacebuilding Programme The Security and Peacebuilding (S&PB) Programme is a division of the Global Issues Department at International Alert. Its purpose is to advise on policy development, implementation and assessment with regard to security for those in conflict-torn societies. The Programme works primarily by facilitating dialogue between stakeholders and policymakers, and by bringing the most informed research and analysis to the attention of decision makers. It endeavours to advise policy that contributes to conflict transformation by working with partners to create locally informed solutions in order to increase policy relevance, efficacy and sustainability. To this end, the Programme develops projects in the area of Small Arms and Light Weapons and Security and Sector Reform. GODNICK & VÁZQUEZ • 3 Contents List of Tables ..................................................4 2.5 Paraguay ......................................................19 Acronyms ......................................................4 2.6 Uruguay ......................................................19 About the authors..........................................5 3. Andean Community ..................................20 Acknowledgements........................................5 3.1 Colombia ....................................................21 Preface ..........................................................6 3.2 Ecuador........................................................22 Summary........................................................7 3.3 Peru ............................................................22 1. Introduction ................................................8 3.4 Venezuela ....................................................22 1.1 The UN in Latin America ................................9 4. Mexico and the Caribbean ......................23 1.2 UNDP ............................................................9 4.1 Mexico ........................................................23 1.3 WHO..............................................................9 4.2 The Caribbean..............................................24 1.4 UN-LiREC ......................................................9 4.3 Haiti ............................................................24 1.4.1 Follow-up Conference, 4.4 Jamaica ........................................................25 Santiago, Chile, 2001 ..................................10 4.5 Trinidad and Tobago ....................................25 1.4.2 Regional Exchange Programme for 5. Central America ........................................26 Firearms, Munitions and Explosives ..............11 5.1 Central American Integration 1.5 UN Firearms Protocol....................................12 System (SICA) ..............................................26 1.6 Organisation of American States (OAS) ........12 5.2 Costa Rica....................................................27 1.7 CIFTA ..........................................................13 5.3 El Salvador ..................................................28 1.7.1 Official CIFTA Questionnaire ........................13 5.4 Guatemala ..................................................28 1.7.2 Further Steps Towards Implementation ........14 5.5 Honduras ....................................................29 1.8 CICAD..........................................................15 5.6 Nicaragua ....................................................29 2. MERCOSUR ................................................17 5.7 Panama........................................................30 2.1 Argentina ....................................................17 6. Conclusion..................................................31 2.2 Bolivia ..........................................................18 7. Endnotes......................................................32 2.3 Brazil............................................................18 8. Annexes ......................................................34 2.4 Chile ............................................................19 4 • SMALL ARMS CONTROL IN LATIN AMERICA List of Tables Table 1: Participation of Latin American countries in the First Regional Follow-up Meeting to 2001 UN Conference 10 Table 2: Weapons Destruction Events facilitated UN-LiREC 11 Table 3: Adherence of Latin American Countries to Multilateral Mechanisms against the Illicit Trafficking of Small Arms 16 Acronyms CAFRA Caribbean Association for Feminist Research SICA Central American Integration System SIECA Central American Economic Integration System CEI Centre for International Studies IEPADES Centre for Research and the Institute of Education for Sustainable Development IANSA International Action Network for Small Arms CICAD Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission CIFTA Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives and other Related Materials MISAC Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Project PNC National Civil Police RENAR National Arms Register CEEN Nicaragua Center for Strategic Studies NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations SRE Secretariat of Foreign Affairs CARICOM Sub-Regional Organisation for the Caribbean SERPAJ Peace and Justice Service CIPRODEH Promotion of Human Rights SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons SEDENA Secretariat of National Defence MERCOSUR South American Common Market OAS Organisation of American States IUDOP University Public Opinion Institute UNDP United Nations Development Programme UN-LiREC United Nations Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean WINAD Women’s Institute for Alternative Development WHO World Health Organisation GODNICK & VÁZQUEZ • 5 About the authors William “Bill” Godnick is Policy Advisor for Latin America for International Alert’s Security and Peacebuilding Programme and a Ph.D. candidate in Peace Studies at the University of Bradford (United Kingdom). He received his M.A. in International Policy Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies (United States). Helena Vázquez is programme officer for International Alert’s Security and Peacebuilding Programme of International Alert. She received her M.A. in Political Science at the University of Lund (Sweden). Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the following people for their contribution of time and contacts for this research project: Marcela Mutt of the United Nations Development Programme in El Salvador, Elvira Cuadra of the Centro de Estudios Internacionales in Nicaragua, Ana Yancy Espinoza of the Arias Foundation for Peace and Human Progress, Costa Rica, Antonio Rangel Bandeira and Pablo Dreyfus of Viva Rio, Brazil, Pericles Gasparini of the United Nations Center for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, Jessica Cascante of the Secretariat for Foreign Affairs of Mexico, and Robert Scharf and Spyros Demetriou of the United Nations Development Programme, Geneva. For his editorial support we thank Gabriel Conte of the NGO Fundación Espacios, Mendoza, Argentina and Adele Negro for the translation to English. Finally, the authors worked as a team with the others members of the Security and Peacebuilding Programme of International Alert, including Derek Miller, Michael Page, Eugenia Piza-López, Stephanie Powell, Kevin Villanueva and Charlotte Watson. The authors accept full responsibility for any error or omission and invite representatives of governments and NGOs to send corrections and updates by e-mail to wgodnick@international- alert.org or [email protected] 6 • SMALL ARMS CONTROL IN LATIN AMERICA Preface A key issue to improving conflict prevention and management is the challenge of curbing the proliferation and misuse of small arms and light weapons. The Monitoring and Implementation of Small Arms
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