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GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In
NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction. -
Civil War Treasures: Black Soldiers in the Civil War and Elite White Union-Sympathizing Women
Civil War Book Review Spring 2021 Article 2 Civil War Treasures: Black Soldiers in the Civil War and Elite White Union-Sympathizing Women Melissa Smith Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Smith, Melissa (2021) "Civil War Treasures: Black Soldiers in the Civil War and Elite White Union- Sympathizing Women," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 23 : Iss. 2 . DOI: 10.31390/cwbr.23.2.02 Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol23/iss2/2 Smith: Civil War Treasures: Black Soldiers in the Civil War and Elite Wh Feature Essay Smith, Melissa Summer 2021 Recently, the Manuscripts Department at LSU Libraries Special Collections made some noteworthy acquisitions to complement its Civil War holdings. Among the acquisitions is the 25th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, Company H Descriptive Book, Mss. 5374, which contains lists and registers of commissioned officers, non- commissioned officers, men transferred, men discharged, deaths, and deserters and a descriptive roll of Company H. The roll lists names, physical characteristics (including complexion), birthplace, occupation, enlistment information, and general remarks about company soldiers. Going through the book, one can see where soldiers mustered in as they traveled from Pennsylvania through the Deep South, gaining recruits primarily in Alabama. The 25th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment was organized and trained near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in January 1864 under the command of colonel Gustavus A. Scroggs. The regiment served mainly in Louisiana and Florida and was mustered out of service in December 1865. This book will be of great use for families performing genealogical research and those studying African American regiments during the war. -
The Role of Officer Selection and Training on the Successful Formation and Employment of U.S
THE ROLE OF OFFICER SELECTION AND TRAINING ON THE SUCCESSFUL FORMATION AND EMPLOYMENT OF U.S. COLORED TROOPS IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, 1863-1865 A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Military History by DANIEL V. VAN EVERY, MAJOR, US ARMY B.S., Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota, 1999 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2011-01 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 10-06-2011 Master‘s Thesis AUG 2010 – JUN 2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER The Role of Officer Selection and Training on the Successful 5b. -
New York and the War with Spain. History of the Empire State Regiments
NewYork and theWar with Spain HISTORY Ol THE EMPIRE STATE REGIMENTS Published wider the Direction of the State Historian AI.liANV : THE ARGUS COMPANY, PRINTERS 1903 MY MEMOIRS OP THB Military History of the State of New York DURING THE WAR FOR THE UNION, 1861-65 BY COLONEL SILAS W. BURT Former Assistant Inspector General, National Guard, State of New York. Editbd by thb STATE HISTORIAN, and Issued as War op the Rebellion Series—Bulletin, No. 1. — PREFACE. WHILE serving in the military establishment of the State of New York during the war of 1861-65 and later in all about eight years— I kept occasional notes of such events and transactions as I had any connection or acquaintance with, and copies of printed reports and other literature pertaining to military matters. I had then no formulated purpose as to the future use for these data. After the war ended I frequently urged upon Governor Morgan the preparation by some competent literary man of an account of the remarkable military accomplishment by the State of New York, during his second administration in 1861-62; saying that, both from a public and a personal view, he could well afford to pay liberally for such a permanent record. I think he did engage Dr. Cornelius R. Agnew of this city, who had been a member of. his staff in 1859-60, to prepare such an account, but for some reason it was never done, nor was I ever called upon for my data, which I had placed at the Governor's disposal. -
Historic Plymouth Avenue in the Kleinhans Neighborhood
ginia Street to Elmwood Avenue, down Elmwood Avenue to Allen Street, down Allen Street to Days Park, down north side of Days Park (Norris Place) to Cottage Street, then down Cottage Street to Hudson Street, Hudson Street to Plymouth Avenue, then down Plymouth Avenue to Connecticut Street, finally down Connecticut Street to Niagara Street. 12 The turn from Pennsylvania Street to Wadsworth Street was too difficult for the streetcars and Frederick Law Olmsted’s design for Symphony Circle had to be altered to accommodate the streetcars in the early 1880s. 13 The intersection of Pennsylvania Street and Wadsworth Street, which was widened for the streetcars, was restored and narrowed back to its original Olmsted design in the late 1990s. More streetcar lines soon followed in the 1880s: in 1882 the Allen Street; in 1884 the Jersey Street; and in 1886 the West Avenue line was opened. Before that time, unless a person owned a horse, walking was the only way to commute between Buffalo’s northern neighborhoods and the waterfront or downtown districts where most of the commerce was carried out in the City of Buffalo, including the Sidway business block. In the late 1840s and early 1850s, the first block of Plymouth Avenue was very rural, a distinct contrast to its present day urban character. The Sidways Get Neighbors Although the Sidways were pioneers in the neighborhood that today is called Allen- town, the rest of the neighborhood was not developed until after 1850 and the vast major- ity of it was not settled until after the Civil War. -
1 Berlin, Ira, Et. Al. Freedom, Series II, the Black Military Experience New
Berlin, Ira, et. al. Freedom, Series II, The Black Military Experience New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Treasury Department, Special Agent, enlist of blacks, Beaufort, expenditures, 46-48 Plantation Superintendent, St. Helena’s Island, field hands fled recruiter, women and children mourning, 50 David Hunter, to Stanton, organization of regiment of fugitive slaves, without authorization, 50- 53 Rufus Saxton, organizing 1st South Carolina, 53-55 Army Engineer, Higginson drafting his men, Fort Clinch, Florida, 55-57 Affidavit of black recruit, 1st South Carolina, Fernandina, 57-58 Testimony of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, recruits, sense of law, obedience, citizenship, 58-60 Recruitment, Hilton Head, clash with superintendent, 61 Arms and equipment for black regiments, black enlistments to avoid anarchy, 62-63 Recruitment and clash with military officials, J. W. Phelps, 63-64 Louisiana Native Guards, 65-67 James Lane, recruitment, Kansas, 67-70 Inspection of black regiments, 70 Black regiments unpaid, 72-73 Ohio white unionist, recruitment of black troops, 78-79 Michigan black doctor wants to recruit a regiment, 79 Two Ohio blacks wish to enlist, 80 Ohio black wishes to enlist, 80-81 New York abolitionists want to raise a black regiment, 81-82 Canadian, former slave, minister, Garland H. White, wishes to raise a regiment, 82-83 Captain of black militia company, Pennsylvania, wishes to recruit black men for southern garrison duty, 83-84 Richard Yates to Lincoln, conservative policy has failed, time to raise black troops, 84-85 Samuel J. Kirkwood to Halleck, call for use of contrabands for labor in camp, need for black soldiers, 85-86 John A. -
The History of the Know Nothing Party in Indiana by CARL FREMONTBRAND, A
The History of the Know Nothing Party In Indiana BY CARL FREMONTBRAND, A. M. INTRODUCTION This study of the Know Nothing party was undertaken at the sug- gestion of Dr. Logan Esarey at Indiana university. One of the most powerful movements in our political history has received comparatively little attention from historians. This may be due to two causes: first, it disappeared as suddenly and silently as it arose, apparently having had but little permanent effect on our politics or institutions; and second, the traces it left were few. It is a difficult task to write the history of a secret society from the reports which become public. The newspapers of the time were full of Know Nothing news, but it was the opponents of the order who were so anxious to publish anything they could learn about it. Those who were favorable were pledged to secrecy and pretended to know nothing at all about the organization. The result of this situation is that the Know Nothings must be studied in a great measure from the reports of their enemies. The records of the various councils would have been the best source, but they seem in practically every instance to have been destroyed when the council disbanded. It has been impossible to gain access to the private papers of Col. Richard W. Thompson and other leaders of the party. Until these become available, we will have to be content with the information that newspapers and contemporary political literature can give. THE ORIGIN OF KNOWNOTHINGISM Political nativism in the United States divides itself natur- ally into three periods. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Unchained Manhood The
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Unchained Manhood The Performance of Black Manhood During the Antebellum, Civil War, and Reconstruction Eras A dissertation submitted in satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Mark Asami Okuhata 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Unchained Manhood The Performance of Black Manhood During the Antebellum, Civil War, and Reconstruction Eras by Mark Asami Okuhata Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Brenda Stevenson, Chair My dissertation examines the ways in which formerly enslaved black men constructed their gender identities. According to the cultural logic of the nineteenth century, black men were emasculated subjects who were rendered “boys” by the slave regime. However, I argue that former male slaves parlayed the cultural conditions of slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction Eras into performative demonstrations of their manhood. My first chapter is an introduction to the intersectional study of black manhood. By delineating a historiography of the gender concept, I argue that the study of black men as gendered subjects demands scholarly attention. My second chapter centers on black soldiers during the Civil War. By handling, parading, and ii discharging firearms, I argue that armed black men signified a stark break from the Colonial and antebellum periods. By the war’s end, I argue that the demilitarization of the Union Army, and the end of Reconstruction precluded black men from employing firearms as a means of constructing their black manly identity. My third chapter investigates the ways in which slavery and the Civil War impinged upon the bodies of black men during the postwar. -
Cayuga County: North Aurelius Shorter House Cato Hickock Home
III. Sites and Stories: Cayuga County--North 231 Cayuga County: North Aurelius Shorter House Cato Hickock Home, Meridian Ingham House, Meridian Conquest Jarrod House Mentz Duvall House and Tenant House, Port Byron Port Byron Hotel Sennett Sennett Federated Church and Parsonage Sterling Kirk House, Sterling Center Sterling Center Churches Weedsport Bell House Sites Relating to the Underground Railroad, Abolitionism, African American Life Sponsored by Auburn Historic Resources Review Board Cayuga County Historian’s Office Funded by Preserve New York (Preservation League of NYS and NYS Council on the Arts) Coordinated by Historical New York Research Associates 2004-05 232 III. Sites and Stories: Cayuga County--North Charles and Sally Shorter House Cayuga Village Significance: Home of African American community leaders, manumitted from slavery Shorter House Looking NE, May 2005 Description: The Shorter House, in the small village of Cayuga in the town of Aurelius in Cayuga County, New York, stands in a hollow along what is known as the Great Genesee Road. Located on the eastern side of this small, lakeside village, it is a rare surviving example of a “shanty”, built by freed African- Americans. The mere fact of its survival lends great importance to its place in the history of the settlement of freed African Americans in Cayuga County in the first half of the 19th century. It is from Charles Shorter’s (Sr.) written will (Cayuga County Records Retention, Box 27 and Book D, p. 36 of Wills) that we are able to trace the origins of the inconspicuous shanty still standing at 255 Genesee Street in Cayuga Village. -
Congressional Record-House. April 18;
4132 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 18; By Mr. ARNOLD of Pennsylvania: Petition of Amos Kiser relating to second-class matter-to the Committee on the Post Post, No. 475, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Penn Office and Post-Roads. sylvania, and citizens of Shippenville, Pa., and vicinity, to accom Also, petition of Ponk Manufacturing Company, of Chicago, ill., pany House bill No.8~, granting a pension to Albert J. Goble, for favorable action on House bills Nos. 838, 4566, and 5560, to late a private of Company H, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserve provide 1-cent postage per half ounce, and to amend the postal Volunteer Corps-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. laws relating to second-class matter-to the Committee on the By Mr. BOWERS: Petition of 84 citizens of San Bernardino, Post-Office and Post-Roads. Cal., for the restoration of forest reservations to the public Also, resolutions of the board of supervisors of Santa Clara domain-to the Committee on the Public Lands. County, Cal., favoring liberal expenditure of money for various Also, petition of 42 citizens of Coalinga, Cal., favoring the improvementd in the harbor of San Francisco, Cal.-to the Com passage of House bill No. 2626, for the protection of agricultural mittee on Rivers and Harbors. staples by an export bounty-to the Committee on Ways and By Mr. McCLEARY of Minnesota: Resolutions of the Minne Means. apolis (Minn.) Jobbers and Manufacturers' Ass()ciation, in favor By Mr. COBB of Missouri: Papers to accompany House bill of a national bankruptcy law-to the Committee on the Judiciary. -
The Black Phalanx, by Joseph T
The Black Phalanx, by Joseph T. Wilson 1 The Black Phalanx, by Joseph T. Wilson The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Black Phalanx, by Joseph T. Wilson This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Black Phalanx African American soldiers in the War of Independence, the War of 1812, and the Civil War Author: Joseph T. Wilson Release Date: February 21, 2010 [EBook #31339] Language: English The Black Phalanx, by Joseph T. Wilson 2 Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLACK PHALANX *** Produced by Suzanne Shell, Josephine Paolucci and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net. THE BLACK PHALANX AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, THE WAR OF 1812, AND THE CIVIL WAR BY JOSEPH T. WILSON LATE OF THE 2ND. REG'T. LA. NATIVE GUARD VOLS. 54TH MASS. VOLS. AIDE-DE-CAMP TO THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF G. A. B. AUTHOR OF "EMANCIPATION," "VOICE OF A NEW RACE," "TWENTY-TWO YEARS OF FREEDOM," ETC., ETC. New Foreword by DUDLEY TAYLOR CORNISH DA CAPO PRESS NEW YORK Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The Black Phalanx, by Joseph T. Wilson 3 Wilson, Joseph T. (Joseph Thomas), 1836-1891. The Black phalanx: African American soldiers in the War of Independence, the War of 1812, and the Civil War / by Joseph T. -
Frustrated Glory: John Francis Appleton and Black Soldiers in the Civil War
Maine History Volume 31 Number 2 Black Soldiers in the Civil War Article 2 6-1-1991 Frustrated Glory: John Francis Appleton and Black Soldiers in The Civil War David M. Gold Sullivan County Community College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistoryjournal Part of the Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Gold, David M.. "Frustrated Glory: John Francis Appleton and Black Soldiers in The Civil War." Maine History 31, 2 (1991): 174-204. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistoryjournal/vol31/ iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DAVID M. GOLD FRUSTRATED GLORY: JOHN FRANCIS APPLETON AND BLACK SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR There is irony in the fact that Robert Gould Shaw and not John Francis Appleton died directing black men in battle during the Civil War. Shaw, the real-life hero of the motion picture Glory, hesitated before accepting command of a black regiment; Appleton wanted nothing more than to lead black soldiers in their fight for freedom. Shaw fell before Fort Wagner at the head of his charging regiment; Appleton had a black regiment, too, but it never faced the enemy. Glory is an inspiring, true story, but it is not typical. The frustration of Appleton’s quest by racial prejudice and red tape typified the experience of idealistic white officers serving in black units.1 Appleton, of Bangor, Maine, was born in 1838, less than a year after Shaw, to a socially prominent family of New England Unitarians.