ORGANISM INDEX

A G Anabaena, 288 Gleocapsa, 325, 326 Aphanizomenon, 288 Aquifex, 281, 283–285 H Archaeoglobus, 279 Halococcus sp., 151 Arcobacter, 301 Halococcus species., 151 Artemia salina, 322 Halomicronema, 152 Aspidella terranovica, 222 Halothece, 152 Astralopithecus africanus, 401 Homo habilis, 401 Homo sapiens, 355, 365, 401 B Homo species, 402, 403 Beggiatoa, 301–306 Hyella gigas, 321 Bona fide, 20 I C Ilionia prisca, 301 Caldivirga, 286, 289 Caldivirga-Thermocladium, 286 K Charnia, 222 Kimberella, 223 Chlorobium, 283, 284, 285 Krolotaenia gniloskayi, 121 Chloroflexus spp., 169 Kullingia, 217, 222 Chroococcidiopsis, 152, 323–326, 329, 343 Chroococcus, 152, 326 L Coccomyxa, 326 Leptolyngbya, 150 Conophyton, 165 Leptolyngbya-Phormidium- Contra, 286 Plectonema, 325 Cyanidium caldarium, 121 Lyngbya, 152 Cyanothece, 150 Lyngbya sp, 196, 200

D M Desulfococcus-Desulfosarcina, 301 M. gryphiswaldense, 338, 339 Desulfovibrio, 301 M. magnetotacticum, 338, 339, 343, 344 Dickinsonia, 217, 223, 225 Magnetospirillum, 338 Matteia, 343 E Methanococcus, 279, 280 Eosynechococcus, 150 Methanococcus-Methanothermobacter- Euhalothece, 152 Archaeoglobus, 279 Methanopyrus, 279, 280, 289 F Methanothermobacter, 279, 280 Fasiculochloris, 326 Microcoleus, 150, 151, 152 Friedmannia, 326 Microcoleus chthonoplastes, 196, 200

521 522 ORGANISM INDEX

N T Nosto, 283, 284, 288 Texosporium sancti-jacobi, 325 Nostoc, 150 Thermocladium, 286, 289 Thermofilum, 283, 286, 289 O Thermofilum-Caldivirga- Oscillatoria sp, 196 Thermocladium, 286 Oscillatoria spp., 169 Thermoproteus neutrophilus, 286 Thermoproteus neutrophilus-Pyrobaculum P spp, 286, 289 Plectonema, 150 Thermothrix spp., 169 Pleurocapsa, 150, 152 Thermotoga, 281, 283, 284, 288 Prochloron, 150, 151 Thermus-Deinococcus, 325 Pseudomonas denitrificans, 344 Thiobacillus denitrificans, 344 Pyrobaculum spp, 286 Thiomargarita, 302 Thiopedia rosea, 196 S Thioploca, 301, 302 Schizothrix sp., 149 Thiothrix, 301 Sensu stricto, 186 Trebouxia jamesii, 325 Solentia sp., 149 Spirulina, 152 V Stanieria, 152 Virgibacillus, 328 Symploca, 150 Synechococcus, 150 X Synechococcus sp, 200 Xenococcus, 150 SUBJECT INDEX

A Astrobiological, 121, 135, 321, 328 Abiogenic, 42, 43, 50, 51, 57, 60, 61 Astrobiologist, 41 Accelerator mass spectrometry, 397 Astrobiology, 41, 321–329, 393–395, 405, Acid halide, 75, 84 516, 518 Acid rain hypothesis, 415 Astrobiology definition, xvi Action principle, 372, 378, 382 Astronomy, 393, 394, 405 Aftermath, 412, 413 Astrophysics, 411 Akilia, 42–46 Atacama Desert, 322–324, 328 Alamo, 418 Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) Alcohol, 72, 74, 75, 78–81, 83, 84 basalts, 418 Algorithmic complexity, 373, 377, 378, ATP hydrolysis, 463–465 379, 381, 383 ATP synthesis, 463, 465 ALH84001, 475–484, 486 Australia, 94 Amino acid, 72, 74–79, 83 Authigenic carbonate, 301–303 Amino alcohol, 72, 75, 81, 83–84 AMP, 461 B Amphibians, 415 Bacteria, 300–304, 308 Amrum island, 196–200, 202 Barberton, 42, 54, 55–58 Anabolism, 456, 462–464 Barberton Greenstone Belt, 27–34 Ancestral state reconstruction, 286–290 Bauer principle, 372, 375–382, 384 Anoxia, 419 Beacon Sandstone, 324, 325 Anoxic, 256, 269 Bedout impact crater, 418 Antarctica, 321, 322, 324–326, 325 Beecher’s trilobite, 93, 113 Dry Valleys, 326, 328 Beggiatoa, 301–306 sandstone, 325 Benthic foraminifera, 414 Antarctic ice cap, 416 Big Bang, 445–451 Apes, 355, 356, 360, 363 Biogenic, 42, 45–52, 54, 55, 57, 60 Apollo missions, 396, 397 Biogeochemistry, 397, 405 Archaea, 236, 238, 242, 243, 286, 289, 290, Biogeology, xvi 300, 303, 309, 310, 322 Bioindicators, 395 Archaeol, 303 Biological couplings, 374–378, 384 Archean, 42, 47, 49, 50, 53, 56, 58, 59, Biologically spontaneous, 376 91, 303 Biological vacuum, 384 Archean microbial life, xxiv Biology, first principle, 384 Arcobacter, 301 Biomarkers, 146, 154–156, 515, 519 Arid, 322, 326–329 Biomolecule, 72, 75, 84–85 Artemia salina, 322 Biosedimentological, 162, 164–167, 169, Artic regions, 322, 326 175, 177 Assimilation, 456–459, 462–464 Biosignature(s), 7, 8, 16, 19, 71, 85, 86, Asteroid, 412, 415 161–163, 165, 177, 251–254, 268

523 524 SUBJECT INDEX

Biosilicification, 74 Coccolithophorid algae, 414 Biostabilisation, 184 Coccomyxa, 326 Birds, 415 Cohesion, 184, 193 Bitter Springs, 8–19, 92, 95, 113 Cohesiveness, 193, 194, 198, 200 Bivalves, 414 Cold seeps, 300–303, 309, 310 Black hole, 448 Columbia River flood basalts, 419 Bony fish, 415 Cometary ices, 428–432, 434, 436 Brachiopods, 414 Comets, 427–433, 435–438 Brains, 357–359, 361–363 Communities, 321, 322, 324, 325, 327, 329 Breccia, 253 Compartmentalization, 281–285 Burgess Shale, 94, 113 Condensed fibrillar meshwork, 198 Buxa Dolomite, 121–127, 131, 134 Contamination, 32 Convergence, 356, 357, 360–363, 363, 367 C Convergentists, 356 Callisto, 310, 518, xx Conway-Morris. S, 361, 362 Cambrian, 91–94 Corals, 414 Carbon, 43–47, 53, 56–60 Cosmic background radiation, 445, 446 Carbonaceous, 252, 253, 259 Cosmic microwave transparency, 464–466 Carbonates, 475–482 Cosmic rays, 431 discs, xxiv Cretaceous-Tertiary, 412 “globules,” xxiii, xxv Crinoid-brachiopod-tabulate-rugosid- minerals, xxii–xxv bryozoan, 417 rocks, xxi–xxiii Crocetane, 303 Carbon dioxide, 419, 420 Crocodilians, 415 Carbon isotopic events, 419 Cryptoendoliths, 321, 325– 328 Causality, 450, 451 Curled crack margins–flipped-over mat Cenozoic impacts, 412, 417, 420 edges, 193 Champsosaurs, 415 Cyanobacteria, 148–151, 154, 183, 184, Chasmoendolithic, 326 186, 196, 198–204, 321–323, Chasmoendoliths, 321 325–327, 516 Chemical Evolution, 427, 436 Chemolithoautotrophic, 269 D Chemolithotrophic, 256 Deccan traps, 414, 418 Chengjiang, 94 Deposit, 235, 240, 243, 244 Cherts, 28–30 Deserts, 183, 186, 188, 191, 195, 205, 206, Chesapeake Bay, 416 322, 324, 326, 328 Chicxulub, 413–416 Desiccation, 183, 184, 186, 188, 189, China, 94, 95 191, 194, 195, 197–199, 201, 202, Chloride, 322 204–207 Chroococcidiopsis, 323–326, 329 Desulfococcus, 301 Chroococcus, 326 Desulfosarcina, 301 Citric acid cycle, 460–462 Desulfovibrio, 301 Clastic sediment, 184, 207 Devonian, 305, 306 Clastic sedimentary record, 184 Devonian extinctions, 418, 419 Clastic sedimentary surfaces, 184 Diatoms, 414 Clathrate, 309, 310 Dinosaurs, 412–415 Clustered aggregates, 202 Domal structures, 202, 203, 205 Coastal sabkhas, 195, 200–203 Domes, 200–204 SUBJECT INDEX 525

Doushantuo, 92, 93, 95, 99, 107, 109–113 Eukaryotes, 121 Drake, F., 355, 356 Europa, 121, 300, 310, 518, 519 Drake Equation, 355 Evaporate minerals, 188, 205 Drop in sea level, 414 Evaporative pumping, 196 Evaporite(s), 188, 189, 195, 196, 205, 328 E Events, 183, 188, 189, 193–196, 205, 206 Early Earth, 516, 517, 519 Evolution of life, 393–395, 400, 401, Early Oligocene, 416 403, 404 Early Sun, 394, 396, 405 Exergonic reactions, 459, 460 Earth, 41–43, 45–47, 49, 50, 51, 59, 60, Exobiology, 341 515–520 Exoplanets, xix earliest fossils, xxvi Experimental simulations, 428, 434 oldest microfossils, xxiv Exponential assimilation, 458, 459 Echinoids, 414 Exponential growth, 457–459 Ecology, 340–341 Extinctions, 411–420 Ediacara, 93, 94, 113, 121, 133, 214–217, Extinctions by impact, 398 222–225 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), Ediacaran, 214, 215, 217, 222, 223 184, 198–202, 266–269, 322, 327 EDTA, 256, 259, 264, 265 Extraterrestrial(s), 356, 357, 361, 362, Element analysis, 257, 258 364–366, 411, 515, 518, 519 Eleonora Bay Formation, 321 Extraterrestrial bio-signatures, 518 Enceladus, 518, 519 Extraterrestrial environments, 518, 519 Encephalization Quotient, 358, Extraterrestrial life, 518 360–363 Extreme environments, 183, 186, 299, 300 Endergonic derivatives, 459–461 Extremophiles, 337 Endoliths, 321–329 Extropy, 374, 376 communities, 321, 322, 325, 327 microbial communities, 324, 325 F microorganisms, 322–325, 327 Fasiculochloris, 326 niches, 328 Fern spike, 414 End-Triassic extinctions, 417, 419 Filamentous, 268 Enzymes, 456–460, 462, 465 Filamentous bacteria, 301 Eocene, 416, 419, 420 Flash-flood, 183, 195, 206 Eocene extinctions, 416, 419 Floating grains, 204 Eocene-Oligocene, 416, 419 Flood basalt eruptions, 419, 420 Eocene-Oligocene boundary, 416 Fluid inclusions, 254, 257 Eocene-Oligocene extinctions, 416 Fluorite, 253 Epeiric seas, 184, 186 Fossilised life, xxiv EPS. See Extracellular polymeric Fossilised Martian bacteria, xxv substances Fossilised remains, xvii E.Q. See Encephalization Quotient Fossilized, 252, 260 Eroded mat fragments, 193 Fossil life, xxiv Erosion pockets, 199 Fossil records, 393–405 Erosion remnants, 199 Fossils, 27, 29, 30, 32, 515, 516, 518–520 Etching, 256, 259, 262–266, 268 Friedmannia, 326 Etching protocols, 264, 265 Frog and salamander, 415 Ethiopian and Yemen traps, 419 Fullerenes, 418 Euendoliths, 321, 322 Fungal, 27, 30–32, 34 526 SUBJECT INDEX

G Hydrothermal minerals, 253, 254, 256, Galactic cosmic rays (GCR), 394, 396, 258, 268, 269 398, 402 Hydrothermal systems, 251–254, 256, 259, Galena, 253, 269 266, 268–270 Gamma ray bursts (GRBs), 403, 404 Hydrothermal veins, 256, 267 Ganymede, 518 Hydrothermal vents, 300, 301 Gas hydrate, 300, 301, 303, 309 Hydroxyarchaeol, 303 Gastropod, 414 Hyella gigas, 321 General life, 372, 382 Hypercapnia, 419 General theory of relativity, 448 Hypersaline, 322, 329 Genesis Mission, 397 Hyperthermophilic, 253, 254, 266, 267, 269 Geochemistry, xvi Hypolithic, 322 Gleocapsa, 325, 326 Hypoliths, 321 Goethite, 32–35 Green algae, 322, 325–327 I Greenland, 42–46 Ilionia prisca, 301 Groundwater, 196, 198–203, 205 Impact crater, 252, 253 Gubbio, Italy, 412, 417 Impact-induced, 252–253, 256, 258, 264, Gypsum, 327 268–270 Impact-induced hydrothermal systems, H 252–253, 256, 270 Habitable conditions, 518 Impact-related hydrothermal, 268 Halite, 238, 241, 244, 245, 323, 328 Impact structures, 253–257, 267, 269 Haloarchaea, 237–241, 243 India, 121–135 Haloarchaeal, 239–241, 243, 244 Infra-red (IR), 72, 85 Halobacteria, 322 Insects, 415 Halophilic, 238, 240, 243, 244 Intelligence, 355–358, 361–363, 365–367 Halophilic organisms, 322 Interdune deposits, 186, 188–195 HCN, 429, 432, 436, 437 Interdune pools, 189 Healing of cracks, 207 Intertidal and lower supratidal zones, 195 Heat reservoirs, 463–466 Io, xx Hidden life, 382 Iridium, 412, 414–417 Hidden life forms, 371 Iron, 28, 33, 34 Himalayas, 121, 123–127, 132–134 Ironstone, 32–35 Hominid fossil record, 400 Isoprenoids, 307 Hooggenoeg, 28–30 Isotope, 43, 45, 53, 54, 56–61 Hopanoids, 307 Isua, 42–46 Hot, 162, 164–166, 169, 171, 174–176 Hot springs, 162, 164, 165, 166, 169, 171, J 174, 175, 176, 253, 266, 267, 269 Jupiter, 518, xx Hot spring sinters, 165 Hydrocarbons, 256 K Hydrothermal, 161–163, 166, 167, 172, Kill curve, 416, 417 174–176, 251–259, 262, 264, Kinneyia, 191 266–270 Krol, 121, 133, 134 Hydrothermal circulation, 457–462 Kromberg, 28–30 Hydrothermal deposits, 251, 252, 268–270 K/T boundary, 398, 412, 414, 415, 417, 418 Hydrothermal fluids, 256, 257, 268–270 K/T event, 416, 417 SUBJECT INDEX 527

K/T extinction impact, 420 Martian Noachian fossils, xxiv K/T impact, 412–415 Martian surface, 321 K/T impact hypothesis, 414 Martian year, xx Mass extinctions, 395, 398–400, 403–405, L 411–420 Late Devonian extinctions, 418, 419 Mass extinctions, periodic, 412 Late Eocene, 416, 420 Material-independent signatures of life, 372 Late Ordovician mass extinction, 403 Mat proxy features, 183, 206, 207 Late Pleistocene megafauna, 413 Mayr, E., 356, 357 Late Pleistocene megafauna, 413 McMurdo Dry Valleys Desert, 325 Lateral gene transfer, 278, 280 Melt sheet, 256 Late Triassic extinctions, 418 Memory, 455, 456, 458, 466 Leptolyngbya-Phormidium- Mesoproterozoic, 94 Plectonema, 325 Metabolism, 343–345 Life, 41–43, 45–47, 50, 52–54, 56, 58–60, Metal ions, 256, 269 474–484, 486 Meteorite, 475–479, 481, 483 Life on Earth, 516–520 Methane, 299–311 Limestone, 254–257, 264, 269 Methanogenesis, 300, 310 Lithobionthic, 321 Methanogenic archaea, 300, 309, 310 Lithopanspermia, xx Methanogenic bacteria, 300 Low-temperature, 254, 258 Methanotroph, 301–304 Methanotrophic bacteria, 304 M Microbes, 300, 303, 304, 307 Magnetite, 475, 476, 478, 480–482, 484, 485 Microbial, 251–253, 259, 261, 266–270 Magnetosomes, 337–341, 480–482, 484–486 Microbial activity, 266 Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), 337–346 Microbial biofilms, 266, 268, 270 Magnetotaxis, 337, 339 Microbial biosignatures, 252, 253, 268 Maillard, 72, 75, 78, 79, 81 Microbial communities, 253, 267–270 Makgabeng formation, 186–192, 194, 195 Microbial diversity, 145, 148, 150, 151 Mammals, 413, 415, 417 Microbial filaments, 184 Manganese, 28, 32, 34 Microbial life, 251, 269, 270 Manicouagan impact, 420 Microbial mat facies, 194, 195 Manicuoagan Crater, 417 Microbial mats, 163, 165, 168, 169, 175, Marine reptiles, 414 176, 183–187, 189–196, 198, 200, Mars, 59–61, 121, 135, 162, 163, 206, 207, 203–206 235, 244, 251–253, 269, 270, 300, Microbial preservation, 252 303, 308–311, 321, 328, 329, 337, Microbiology, xvi 341, 342–346, 473–475, 477, Microcosms, 340, 341, 346 480–486, 493–498, 500, 503, Microfossil(s), 7, 8, 11–20, 27–30, 47, 50–52, 505–508, 518, 519 56–60, 121–123, 125, 131–133, 145, Martian atmosphere, xx–xxiii 146, 150, 155, 516 Martian carbonates, xxii Microlife, 382, 383 Martian day, xx Microorganisms, 252, 254, 266, 515–517 Martian dust, xxii Microscopic and intermittent life, 382 Martian fossils, xv, xxiv–xxv Microthermometry, 254, 257 Martian meteorite ALH 84001, xxiii Microtube, 47, 52–56, 60 Martian meteorites, xxiv Mineralization, 256, 263, 265, 266, 269, 270 Martian microfossils, xxiv Mineralized, 253, 260, 265–269, 515 528 SUBJECT INDEX

Mineralizing environments, 252, 268 Periodic comet showers, 412 Modern hyperthermophilic biofilms, Periodicity, 412, 413 266, 267 Permian extinction, 418, 419 Morphological, 262, 266, 268, 269 Permian-Triassic event, 417 Mosasaurs, 414 Permian-Triassic (P-T) extinction, 399 Multicellular, 121, 122, 126 Permo-Triassic, 413, 418, 419 Permo-Triassic extinction, 413 N Phanerozoic, 92, 94, 109, 301 Nanobacteria, 479–484, 486 Phosphatization, 91–113 NanoSIMS, 7–20 Photosynthetic domes (PS-domes), 200, 201 Nautiloids, 414 Phylogenetic tree, 278, 289 Negev Desert, 322, 326, 327 Phylogenomic dating, 277, 278, 289–290 Nemesis, 412 Phylum Basidiomycota, 31 Neoproterozoic, 91, 92, 95 Physical object and living organism, Nested cones, 215–217 difference, 382 Network-catalytic, 457 Pilbara, 42, 46–48, 50–53, 58 Noachian, 309 Planetary engineering, 338, 341, 342 Non-isoprenoidal lipids, 307 Planetary geology, xvi North Atlantic Magmatic Province, 419 Planet X, 412 Nuclear microprobe, 257 Planktonic foraminifera, 414 Playas, 188, 195, 205 O Plesiosaurs, 414 Oceanic circulation, 419 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Onverwacht, 28 475–478, 481 Ordovician, K/T, 419 Popigai crater, 416 Organic matter, 427 Post-impact, 253, 262 Organo-silicate, 73, 74, 76, 80, 81 Post-lithification colonization, 32 Origin of life, 427, 431, 436, 437, 516, Prebiotic soup, 517 517, 519 Prebiotic synthesis, 427, 437 Origins, 214–222, 225 Precambrian, 19, 20, 92, 113, 121, 184, 186 Orsten, 92, 93, 95, 113 Precambrian Earth, xviii Oscillation of solar system, 412 Precambrian geology, xvi Oxygen age constraints, 289 Precambrian rocks, 516 Preservation potential, 252 P Preservation windows, 494–497, 506, 507 PAHs. See Polycyclic aromatic Primitive Earth, 519 hydrocarbons Processor, 456, 466 Palaeoclimate, 393–395 Prokaryotes, 121 Paleobiological repositories, 252, 268 Proterozoic, 92, 94, 121, 125, 132–135 Paleobiological traces, 498 Pyrite, 253, 257–259, 261–263, 265, Paleobiology, xvi 266, 268 Paleocene-Eocene, 419 Pyrite framboid, 259 Paleodesert, 183, 186, 195, 206 Pyritization, 93, 113 Paleodune sediments, 186 Pyritized, 259, 262, 263, 265, 266 Paleontology, 411, 515–517 Paleozoic, 93, 94 Q Paleozoic fauna, 417 Quantum mechanics, 449, 450 Panspermia, xv, xx Quartz, 253, 254 SUBJECT INDEX 529

R Sinter, 266 Radiation processing, 431 Sinter biofabrics, 165–167, 171, 174, 175 Radiolaria, 414, 416 Sinters, 162, 163, 165–172, 174–176 Rapid global warming, 419 Sinter stromatolite, 165 Rapid quenching, 459, 461 Si-O-C band (in the IR), 75, 76, 85 Record, 455, 456, 466 Si-O-C bond, 73–76, 84 Red beds, 186 Sodium silicate or Na-silicate, 72, 74, 75, Reducing, 257, 259, 268, 269 77–85 Relativity, 447, 448, 450 Solar system, 517–519 Roll-ups, 189, 192–194, 203, 204 Solar wind, 394, 396, 397, 398 Ross Desert, 321 Sol-gel-sol transformation, 75, 77–81, 84, 85 Rudistid bivalves, 414 South Africa, 183, 186, 187, 205 Rutherford backscattering, 257, 258, 261, Southern Tunisia, 196, 200 268, 269 Space climate, 393–396, 400, 405 S exploration, 518 Sabkhas, 322, 328 Space-time, 446, 448 Sagan, C., 356, 357 Space weather (SpW), 393–395, 401, 403, 404 Saline pan, 186, 188 Special theory, 447, 448 Saline pan deposits, 188 Sphalerite, 253, 269 Saline shallow water pools, 186 Spindle-shaped cracks, 190, 193 Sample returned, 269 Sponges, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 131, 132 Sand chips, 189, 191, 193, 194 Spring, 162, 164–169, 171, 174–176 Sand clasts, 193, 200, 204 Spring deposits, 32 Sand cracks, 189, 190, 193, 194, 204 Stable isotope, 516 Sandstones to siltstones, 183 Stomatolites, 162 Saturn, 518, 519 Stromatolites, 145–156, 162, 164, 165, 176, Saturn system, 519 214, 215, 217–221, 225 Scanning electron microscope (SEM), 256, Stromatolite(s), 47, 49–51, 121, 125, 258–261, 263–265, 267, 268, 269 131–133, 135, 305, 306, 515, 516 Search for extra terrestrial intelligence Subsurface, 235–237, 241–245, 256, 266, (SETI), 356, 367, 518 268–270 Sedimentation rates, 184 Sugar, 72, 74, 75, 78–80 Sediment binding, 184 Sugar alcohol, 74, 79, 80 Seep ecosystem, 300–303, 311 Sulfate-reducing bacteria, 198, 301, 302 Self-organizing physical systems, 376 Sulfates, 322, 327, 328 SEM. See Scanning electron microscope Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, 301, 302 SETI. See Search for Extraterrestrial Sulfur, 53, 54, 58, 59, 61 Intelligence Sulfur bacteria, 196, 204 Shrinkage cracks, 197, 199–204 Sulphide, 253, 256 Siberian traps, 418, 419 Supratidal flats, 183, 195–204, 206 Signor-Lipps effect, 414 Surface, 321–326, 328, 329 Silicate, 71–86 SWIFT satellite, 403 Silicification, 92, 113 Systematic coupling, 374 Silicification mechanisms, 72, 75, 76, 80, 85 Siljan, 253–257, 264, 267 T Silurian, 300, 301, 305, 307 T boundary Singularity, 446, 448, 450 Teleost fish, 414 530 SUBJECT INDEX

Terraformation, 337, 340–346 Unicellular, 121, 122, 134 Texosporium sancti-jacobi, 325 Universal life, 384 Theoretical biology, 372 Universe, 516, 517, 519 Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES), xxii Uphill (endergonic) biochemical Thermal event, 419 reactions, 374 Thermodynamically downhill Upturned and curled crack (exergonic), 374 margins, 199 Thermodynamically spontaneous, 376 UV photon flux, 431 Thermodynamically uphill processes, Uzon caldera, 165–167, 175 374, 376 Thermus-Deinococcus, 325 V Thiomargarita, 302 Vacuum quantum fluctuations, 449 Thioploca, 301, 302 Vein-filling, 262, 263 Thiothrix, 301 Veins, 253–259, 264, 265, Thiotrophic bacteria, 301 267–269 Tidal flats, 195–196, 200 Vendotaenid, 121, 133 Tidal inundations, 196 Vertebrate paleontological, 415 Titan, 300, 310, 518, 519, xx Viking, xxii Tom’s Canyon, 416 Viluy traps, 419 Transformation, 431 Virgibacillus, 328 Trapping and binding of clastic Volcanic hypothesis, 418 particles, 184 Trebouxia jamesii, 325 W Triassic-Jurassic Waterberg group, 183, 186–195, 205 boundary, 417 Water on Mars, xx extinctions, 419 Wavefunction, 456 Triradiate crack, 190 Weedy opportunistic survivor species, Turnover rate, 462–464 412, 413 Turtles, 415 Woodleigh impacts, 418 Wrinkle structures, 189–194 U Ultimate cosmic life form, 384 Y Uncaused event, 451 Yellowstone National Park, 267 AUTHOR INDEX

A Armstrong, R.A., 54, 186 Abelson, J., 401 Arndt, N.T., 61 Abramov, O., 163, 253 Arp, G., 149, 150 Acharyya, S.K., 128 Arrhenius, G., 46, 91 Acuña, M., 485 Arthur, M.A., 419 Adams, F., 446 Asaro, F., 416 Adams, J.B., 34 Ascaso, C., 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 328 Ágoston, G., 379 Athey, P.V., 326, 327 Ah Tow, L., 325 Atreya, S.K., 310 Aharon, P., 304 Aubrey, A., 505 Aiello, I.W., 302 Averner, M.M., 338 Aitken, J.D., 133 Awramik, S.M., 27, 47, 51, 52, 129, 145, Akerman, K.K., 483 164, 221 Albarrán, G., 437 Azrak, R.G., 75, 80, 81 Alexopoulos, C.J., 32 Allamandola L.J., 428, 434, 435 B Allen, M.A., 151, 154, 155 Babcock, L.E., 94 Allison, C.W., 91 Babu, R., 137 Allison, P.A., 94 Bada, J.L., 478 Allwood, A.C., 47, 49, 145, 146, 164, 219 Badescu, V., 338, 342 Aloisi, V., 308 Baeuerlein, E., 338 Al-Qassab, S., 151 Bailey, J.V., 95, 110 Alroy, J., 417 Baker, B.J., 480, 483 Altermann, W., 7, 27, 155, 305 Baker, V.R., 308, 493, 494 Altwegg, K., 435 Bambach, R.K., 419 Alvarez, L.W., 412, 413, 416 Bandfield, J.L., 308, 503, xxii, xxiii Amann, R.I., 237, 288 Banerjee, M., 324 Amici, S., 429 Banerjee, N.R., 53, 56 Amils, R., 495 Banerjee, S.K., 338 Amy, P.S., 235 Banfield, J.F., 496 Anbar, A.D., 59 Bansal, R., 128 Ander, M.H., 417 Bao, H., 277 Anders, E., 478 Baragiola, R.A., 433 Angell, C.L., 75, 80, 81 Baratta, G.A., 433, 435 Angermann, H., 372 Barber, D.J., 341, 480, 481 Anhaeusser, C.R., 54 Barbieri, R., 300, 304, 305, 306, 308, Antcliffe, J.B., 214, 222, 223, 225 309, 328 Archer, M., 110 Barghoorn, E.S., 52–54 Archibald, J.D., 414, 415 Barion, S., 279, 281 Ardelean, I., 343 Bar-Nun, A., 427, 433, 437 Arhenius, G., 46 Baroni, C., 495

531 532 AUTHOR INDEX

Barry, J.C., 341, 480, 481, 485 Blowes, D.W., 503 Bateson, M.M., 237 Board, R.G., 338–340, 343 Bauer, E., 372, 375 Bocchetta, M., 281 Bauer, M., 281 Bogard, D.D., 244, 328 Baughn, A.D., 288 Bohrmann, G., 305 Bauld, J., 155, 306 Bolhar, R., 56 Baumgartner, L.K., 149 Bond, D.R., 288 Bazylinski, D.A., 337–341, 343, 344, 478, Boon, J., 496 484, 485, 486 Boore, J.L., 279 Beard, B. L., 59 Borg, L.E., 475 Beauchamp, B., 304 Bork, P., 279 Beaumont, V., 10, 19, 20, 59 Boslough, M.B.E., 416 Becker, L., 399, 418, 478 Bottari, B., 237 Bekker, A., 277, 281 Bottjer, D.J., 303 Bell, M.S., 481 Bottomley, R.J., 253, 416 Bell, R.A., 326, 327 Bottrell, S.H., 93 Bellamy, L.J., 75, 76 Boucher Y., 281 Belousov, V.I., 167 Bounama, C., 494 Belton, D., 72 Bouougri, E., 191, 193 Ben Jacob, E., 381 Bowring, S.A., 418 Bengtson, S., 92, 93, 95, 109, 110 Boyce, C.K., 7 Benison, K.C., 497, 499, 503 Bradley, J.P, 479 Bennett, B., 19 Braitseva, O.A., 167 Bennett, V.C., 42, 47 Brake, S.S., 503 Benning, L.G., 16, 75, 76 Brasier, M.D., 7, 27, 48–52, 50, 56–58, 61, Benton, M.J., 94, 359, 417 91, 146, 214, 216, 222, 223, 225, 277, Berggren, W.A., 416 496, 516 Bergsten, J., 281, 282 Braun, T., 418 Berndt, M.E., 57 Braunstein, D., 165 Berner, R.A., 203 Brearley, A.J., 16 Bernstein, M.P., 428, 434, 435 Bridges, J.C., 328, 503 Beukes, N.J., 28 Briggs, D.E.G., 93, 94, 99, 110, 112, 113 Beveridge, T.J., 338, 340 Brochier, C., 280, 281 Bibring, J.P., 485, 493 Brochier-Armanet, C., 280 Bintrim, S.B., 242 Brocks, J.J., 16, 154, 277, 290, 495, Birch, P., 338, 342 496, 500 Björklund, M., 483 Broda, E., 517 Blacic, J.M., 8, 16 Broecker, W.S., 505 Blackwell, M., 32 Broman, C.A., 253–257, 268, 269 Blake, D., 430 Brown, J.R., 278–281 Blakemore, R.P., 337, 338, 340, 343, 344, Brown, W.L., 433 478, 485 Browne, P.R.L., 503 Bland, P.A., 427 Brownlee, D., 447 Blank, C.E., 277, 280–283, 286, 287, 289 Brucato, J.R., 434 Bleil, U., 340, 484 Brysse, K., 415 Blick, N., 129 Budd, G., 95 Blöchl, E., 236 Buick, R., 47, 49–54, 162, 219 Bloos, G., 191 Burggraf, S., 280 AUTHOR INDEX 533

Burne, R.V., 162, 164 Chen, M., 109 Burns, B.P., 150–154, 516 Cheney, E.S., 186 Burr, G.S., 397 Childress, J.J., 303 Buseck, P.R, 485 Chivas, A.R., 149 Buseck, P.R., 341 Christensen, P.R., 308, 503 Buss, L.W., 222 Christiansen, J.W., 433 Busse, H.-J. Chyba, C.F., 396, 427, 428, 437 Butler, R.F., 338 Ciccarelli, F.D., 279, 280 Butterfield, N.J., 92–94, 129, 134 Ciftçioglu, N., 479, 483 Byerly, G.R., 28, 32, 54 Cisar, J.O., 479 Clague, D.A., 499 C Clari, P., 304, 307 Cabrol, N.A., 252, 499, 500 Cleaves, H.J., 396 Cady, S.L., 7, 162, 165, 171, 175, 252, Clemett, S.J., 477, 478 266, 269 Clifford, S.M., 310 Caetano-Anollés, G., 279 Coccioni, R., 416 Cai, Y., 94 Cockell, C.S., 253, 323, 324, 427 Callaghan, C.C., 186, 188 Codispoti, L., 339 Callen, H.B., 373 Cody, G.D., 462 Calvin, M., 446 Coleman, D.C., 236 Cameron, R.E., 324 Colín-García, M, 427, 432, 436 Campbell, K.A., 301, 302, 307, Collini, B., 256 308, 503 Connon, S.A., 322 Campbell, S.E., 321 Consolini, G., 380 Canfield, D.E., 53, 54, 277 Conway-Morris, S., 109, 223, 361, Canuto, V.M., 396 362, 496 Capria, M.T., 431 Cook, E., 359 Carpini, D.D., 433 Coolen, M.J.L., 154 Carr, M., 493, 494 Cooper, B.B., 433 Carroll, L., 213, 223 Cooper, G.W., 77, 80 Carson, B., 301, 302 Coppi, M.V., 288 Cassagneau, T., 75, 80 Coradin, T., 74, 75, 77 Castresana, J., 286 Coradini, A., 431 Catling, D.C., 50 Corcoran, P.L., 494 Cavagna, S., 304, 307 Cornell, D., 46 Cavalazzi, B., 300, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309 Correns, C.W., 196 Cavalier-Smith, T., 214 Cosmovici, C.B., 427 Chafetz, H.S., 306 Cottin, H., 429, 436 Chamberlin, R.T., 427 Courtillot, V., 418 Chamberlin T.C., 427 Cowan, D.A., 325 Chang, S., 77, 80, 430 Cox, M.M., 77, 80, 85 Chapman, M.G., 417 Cranwell, P.A., 154 Charlou, J.L., 268 Crich, D., 154 Charnley, S.B., 428, 429, 431, 434 Critchley, A.T., 326 Chela-Flores, J., 121, 394, 397, 401, 405 Crofts, A.R., 377 Chen, D.F., 308 Cronin, J.R., 77, 80 Chen, J., 95 Crossey, L.J., 253 Chen, J.-Y., 95 Cunningham, C.W., 287 534 AUTHOR INDEX

D Dones, L., 430 Dahlbom, M., 377 Dong, H., 327, 328 Damassa, S.P., 130 Dong, X.-p., 93 D’Amelio, E., 306 Donn, B., 428, 431 Darwin, C., 447 Donner, D., 129 Das, A., 288 Donoghue, P.C.J., 93 Daubin, V., 279, 281 Doolittle, W.F., 281 Dauphas, N., 45, 59 Dorn, R.I., 505 Davidsson, B.J.R, 430 Dornbos, S.Q., 92, 95 Davies, P., 383 Dose, K., 322, 328 Davies, P.C.W., 465 Douglas, S., 327 Davis, D.W., 91 Dragani), I.D, 434 Davis, M., 412 Dragani), Z.D., 434 Davis, R.A., 503 Draganits, E., 203 Davis, T.M., 355 Drake, F., 357, 358, 363 de Duve, C., 455 Drees, K.P., 322 de la Torre, J.R., 324, 325 Droser, M.L., 94 De Leeuw, J.W., 495 DuBois, D.L., 416 de lo Rios, A., 324 Dumitru, L., 343 de Queiroz, A., 279 Duncan, I.J., 109, 110 de Ronde, C.E.J., 32 Dunin-Borkowski, R.E., 485 De Sanctis, M.C., 431 Dunlop, J.S.R., 47, 49, 51 de Wit, M.J., 32 Dupraz, C., 149 Dean, W.E., 148 Durisch-Kaiser, E., 303 Decho, A.W., 149, 184, 198 Durupthy, O., 74, 75, 77 Défarge, C., 30 Dutkiewicz, A., 290 Deflaun, M.F., 236 Dzik, J., 223 Delak, K.M., 83 DeLong, E.F., 242, 486 E Delzeit, L., 430 Edgett, K.S., 493 Dempster, D.D., 366 Edwards, H.G.M., 321, 324 Denner, E.B.M., 238, 240 Efron, B., 112 Des Marais, D.J., 18, 155, 156, 163, Eggleston, J.R., 148 165, 175, 251, 252, 302, 307, 308, Eglington, B.M., 186 309, 496, 506 Eglinton, G., 496 Devouard, B., 485 Eglinton, T.I., 16 Di Guilio, M., 279, 281 Ehrenberg, C.G., 199 Dick, S.J., 371 Ehrenfreund, P., 428–431, 433, 434 Dickens, G.R., 309 Ehrlich, H.L., 303 Dickinson, W.R., 505 Eiler, J.M., 45 Dickson, J.A.D., 91 Einsele, G., 243 Ding, L., 109 Einstein, A., 447, 448 Ding, Q., 134 Eisen, J.A., 278 Dingus, L.L., 415 Ellis, J., 401 Disanti, M.A., 429 Elvert, M., 305 Dollo, L., 356 Encrenaz, T., 310 Domack, E., 299 Engel, A.E.J., 54 Donald, R., 111 Eriksson, K.A., 183, 186, 207 AUTHOR INDEX 535

Eriksson, P.G., 183, 184, 186, 188, 193, Foyn, S., 217 194, 195 Fralick, P., 91 Erwin, D.H., 403, 417 Franchi, M., 279, 281 Franck, S., 494 F Francois, L.M., 494 Fabian, K., 484 Frankel, R.B., 337–340, 478, 484, 486 Fagerbakke, K.M., 18 Frausto da Silva, J.J.R., 216 Fairén, A.G., 308 Fredrickson, J.K., 236 Farley, K.A., 418 Friedmann, E.I., 60, 322, 324, 325, 326, Farmer, J.D., 163, 165, 171, 251, 252, 269, 327, 328, 329, 337, 343, 480–482 302, 306, 307, 308, 496, 506 Friedrich, G., 339 Farquhar, J., 277 Friend, C.R.L., 43, 45 Fasset, C.I., 500 Fujikura, K., 301 Fawcett, P.J., 416 Fukuda, R, 18 Fedo, C.M., 43, 91, 94, 498 Fukumori, Y., 344 Fedonkin, M.A., 94, 223 Furnes, H., 56 Feig, Y.S., 237 Felbeck, H., 301 G Felsenstein, J., 224 Gabbott, S.E., 94 Fenchel, T., 198 Gaidos, E.J., 310 Fendler, J.H., 75, 80 Gaines, R.R., 94 Fendrihan, S., 241 Gallori, E., 279, 281 Fernández, J.A., 429 Galun, M., 326 Fernández-López, S., 495, 496 Gamow, G., 445 Fernández-Remolar, D. C., 493–495, Ganapathy, R., 416 497–499, 503, 505, 507 Gao, L., 128, 134 Ferrell, R.E., 28 Garcia-Pichel, F., 289 Ferris, F.G., 322, 326 García-Ruiz, J.M., 7, 51, 268 Feynman, R.P., 377, 378 Gatesy, J., 279 Firestone, R.B., 403, 413 Gatland, K.W., 366 Fish, S.A., 241 Gault, D.E., 252 Fisher, C.R., 303 Gehling, J.G., 94, 214, 222, 223 Fisher, R.C., 301 Gell-Mann, M., 373 Fisk, M.R., 60, 61 Gemmell, R.T., 238, 322 Fitz-Gibbon, S.T., 279, 280 Gendrin, A., 308, 328 Flammarion, C., 473 Gerakines, P.A., 429, 433 Flessa, K.W., 112 Gerdes, G., 175, 184, 196, 198, 199, 200, Flies, C.B., 340, 341 202, 203, 222, 322 Florenskii, I.V., 166 Gerhart, J.C., 362 Floss, C., 19, 20 Gerstell, M.F., 338, 342 Fogg, M.J., 338, 341, 342 Gibson, E.K. Jr., 19, 60 Foing, B., 244 Gilichinsky, D.A., 235 Folk, R.L., 32, 46, 111, 479, 483 Gillaizeau, B., 19 Ford, T.E., 222 Giorgetti, G., 495 Formisano, V., 300, 309, 310 Giovannoni, S.J., 61 Forterre, P., 280 Gladman, B., 429 Fowler, C.M.R., 146 Glaessner, M.F., 217, 222, 223 Fox, G.E., 278 Glass, B.P., 416 536 AUTHOR INDEX

Glassener, M.F., 136 Gupta, R.S., 279 Gleason, J.D., 244, 328 Gutiérrez, P.J., 430 Glikson, A.Y., 418 Gutzmer, J., 28 Glotch, D., 308 Glotch, T.D., 503 H Gnos, E., 397 Habicht, K.S., 279 Gogarten, J.P., 279, 281 Haeckel, E., 224 Goh, F., 151 Hafenbradl, D., 280 Goin, J.C., 172, 176 Hagadorn, J.W., 92, 94, 95 Golden, D.C., 477, 480 Hagerty, J.J., 251, 253, 269, 270 Golubic, S., 221, 322, 495 Haldeman, D.L., 235 Gómez, F., 495 Hallam, A., 415, 417, 419 Gomis, O., 433 Hamade, T., 500 Goodfriend, G.A., 112 Han, T.-M., 91 Gooding, J.L., 244, 308, 328 Hancox, C.R., 338 Goodwin, A.M., 58 Hansen, G., 309 Gorbushina, A.A., 328 Hansmann, S., 279, 280 Gorby, Y.A., 338, 340 Hanson, R.E., 186 Gorlenko, V.M., 168, 169 Häntzschel, W., 191 Goswami, J.N., 395 Hardy, C.R., 287 Gould, S.J., 356, 366 Harold, L., 430 Gouy, M., 279 Harrington, H.J., 223 Grady, M.M., 61, 328, 498 Harrison, T.M., 43, 45 Grandpierre, A., 371, 376, 379, 382 Hartman, H.J., 427, 429 Grant, J.A., 499, 501 Hartmann, D.H., 403 Grant, P.R., 54 Hartquist, T.W., 446 Grant, S.W.F., 91 Harvey, R.P., 477, 479 Grant, W.D., 238, 243, 322 Harvey, W.R., 377 Grassineau, N.V., 59 Hashimoto, H., 338 Grazhdankin, D., 222 Haskin, L.A., 505 Green, D.E., 374 Hassinen, H.I., 483 Greenberg, J.M., 428, 432 Hattingh, E., 186 Greinert, J., 305 Hatzenpichler, R., 242 Gresse, P.G., 193 Hawking, S.W., 446 Gribaldo, S., 278, 280 Hayes, J.M., 45, 290 Grice, K., 400 Hayes, P.K., 281, 286, 287, 289 Grieve, R.A.F., 252, 253 Haynes, R.H., 337, 338, 342, 343 Griffith, L.L., 309 Haynie, D.T., 375 Griffiths, E., 279 Hazen, R., 58 Grimes, S.T., 93 Hazen, R.M., xxv Grin, E.A., 252, 499, 500 Head III, J.W., 500 Grotzinger, J.P., 50, 91, 147, 148, 162, 164, Heaney, P.J., 80 191, 218, 219, 500, 504 Hedges, S.B., 50, 364 Groves, D.I., 47, 49 Hein, J.R., 308 Gruber, C., 238, 240 Heller, H.C., 374, 377, 378 Grünberg, K., 339 Henze, C., 279 Guerin, W.F., 344 Herrington, R.J., 301 Gugger, M., 288 Hessler, A.M., 500 AUTHOR INDEX 537

Heyen, U., 343 Inagaki, F., 237, 303 Heymann, D., 399 Ionescu, D., 327 Hibbs, A.R., 378 Irvine, W.M., 427, 429 Hickman, C.S., 300 Ishman, S.E., 413 Hilgert, J.W., 91 Ivantsov, A.Yu., 223 Hino, M., 75, 76 Ivany, L.C., 416 Hinrichs, K.U., 303 Iwatsuki, T., 483 Hinz-Schallreuter, I., 109 Hirsch, P., 325 J Hiscox, J.A., 337, 338, 342, 343 Jackson, A.A., 412 Hode, T., 163, 253–257, 268, 269 Jahnke, L.L., 251 Hoefen, T.M., xxi Jahren, A.H., 419 Hoehler, T.M., 146 Jain, R., 280 Hoffmann, C., 196 Jakosky B.M., 499, 500 Hoffmann, P., 221 Jakubík, M., 430 Hofmann, A., 56 James, P.B., 412 Hofmann, H.J., 7, 47, 49, 132, 133, 150, Jankauskas, T.V., 130 164, 165, 219, 221, 277 Jannasch, H.W., 301, 340 Hoiczyk, E., 288 Jansen, H., 186 Holm, N.G., 268 Javor, B.J., 151 Holmes, E.C., 224 Jeffroy, O., 282 Holser, W.T., 243 Jenkins, R.J.F., 222 Holtkamp-Tacken, E., 328 Jensen, S., 94, 217, 222 Holtz, T., 420 Jerison, H.J., 358 Honghan, C., 309 Jerse, G., 394 Hooker, J.J., 359 Jewitt, D., 433 Hoover, R.B., 60 Jin, Y., 418 Horgan, J., 517 Jõeleht, A., 253 Horita, J., 57, 243 Jogi, P., 219 Horneck, G., xx Johansson, Å., 269 Horowitz, N.H., 324 Johnson, C. M., 59 House, C.H., 7, 279, 280 Johnson, R.E., 431 Hoyle, F., 445 Jones, B., 110, 111, 165, 251, 252, 503 Hoyng, P., 379 Jonuscheit, M., 242 Hsü, K., 196 Jukes, H., 338 Hua, H., 91, 94 Jull, A.J.T., 59, 397, 478 Hua, M., 325, 337, 343 Jurgens, G., 242 Hubbard, J.S., 324 Hudson, R.L., 429, 431–435 K Hueber, W.F., 430–432 Kahn, R., 309 Huey, R.B., 419 Kaiho, K., 399 Hughes, K.A., 324, 327, 328 Kaiser, R.I., 433 Hut, P., 412 Kajander, E.O., 479, 483 Huynen, M.A., 279 Kakegawa, T., 58, 146, 155, 277 Kaku, M., 445 I Kalkowsky, V.H.E., 217 Iler, R.K., 72 Kamber, B.S., 49, 50, 91 Imai, E., 458, 461 Kant, I., 450 538 AUTHOR INDEX

Kaplan, I.R., 45, 243 Kobayashi, K., 436 Kaplan, L.D., 473 Koch, A.L., 483 Kargel, J.S., 309, 310 Kochan, H.W., 430–432 Karpov, G.A., 171 Koeberl, C., 418 Karsten, U., 327, 328 Kohnen, M.E.L., 16 Kasama, T., 338 Kolb, V.M., 72, 73, 75–78, 76, 78, 79, 81, Kashefi, K., 236, 476 83–85 Kastele, X., 74 Komatsu, G., 252 Kasting, J., 53 Komeili, A., 480 Kasting, J.F., 338, 342 Kömle, N.I., 429, 432 Kawaguchi, T., 149 Komor, S.C., 253 Kazmierczak, J., 7, 27, 148 Konetzka, W.A., 340 Kazue, T., 503 Konhauser, K.O., 165, 251, 252, 338, 339 Kearns, S.L., 94 Koriem, A.M., 60, 328 Keeling, P.J., 281 Koski, R.A., 308 Keim, C.N., 338 Kossacki, K., 494 Keller, G., 398, 413, 415, 417–419 Kossacky, K.J., 429, 432 Kelley, D.S., 300, 301 Kowalewski, M., 112 Kelly,S.R.A., 305, 310 Krasnopolsky, V.A., 300, 310 Kempe, S., 148 Kring, D.A., 163, 253 Kenig, F., 154 Krot, A.N., 477 Kennedy, M.J., 94 Krumbein, W.E., 47, 196, 198, 199, 203, Kennett, J.P., 300 217, 328 Kent, A.J.R., 477 Kubicki, J.D., 80 Kerr, R.A., 399 Kudryavtsev, A.B., 7, 45, 121, 132, 269 Kerridge, J.F., 397, 398 Kühl, M., 151, 198, 327, 328 Khullar, M., 483 Kuhlman, K.R., 499, 506 Kiel, S., 302 Kuikka, J.T., 483 Kilian, E., 326, 327 Kumar, G., 128 Kim, J., 287 Kumar, S., 132 Kimmel, G.A., 433 Kump, L.R., 400, 419 Kirschner, M.W., 362 Kunin, V., 281 Kirschvink, J.L., 310, 477 Kvenvolden, K.A., 300, 309 Kirsimäe, K., 253 Kyte, F.T., 418 Kissin, S.A., 91 Kiyokawa, S., 499 L Klaus, W., 243 LaClair, D.A., 497, 503 Klein, C., 132, 251 Lake, J.A., 280 Klein, H.P., 474 Lalonde, S.V., 165 Klenk, H.P., 278 Lambert, J.B., 74, 80, 81 Klenke, Th., 198 Landau, L.D., 373 Kminek, G., 244, 329 Lange, O.L., 326, 327 Knauth, L.P., 59 Langevin, Y., 328 Knie, K., 401 Lapierre, P., 281 Knoll, A.H., 50–54, 91, 92, 95, Larkum, A.W.D., 151 107, 108, 110, 111, 128, 129, Larsen, H., 238 130, 134, 147, 162, 164, 191, Laurent, J., 280 218, 219, 222, 321, 419, 497, Laweley, B., 324, 327, 328 498, 503 Lawless, G., 427, 429 AUTHOR INDEX 539

Lawrence, J.G., 281 Lugmair, G.W., xxiii Lazcano, A., 427, 428 Lunine, J.I., 309 Lazcano-Araujo, A., 428 Luo, Y., 279 Lee, P., 253, 269 Lyons, J.R., 437 Lehninger, A.L., 77, 80, 85 Lysenko, S.V., 337, 338, 342, 343 Leistel, J.M., 499 Leliwa-Kopystynski, J., 429, 432 M Lemos, R.S., 288 Ma, H.W., 281 Lepland, A., 45, 46, 91 MacElroy, R.D., 338 Lepot K., 49 Macintyre, I.G., 148, 149 Lerat, E., 281 MacLeod, N., 414, 415 Lercher, M.J., 281 Maddison, D.R., 224, 283, 286–288 Leto, G., 433 Maddison, W.P., 283, 286–288 Leuko, S., 237 Madigan, M.T., 237, 322 Levin, L.A., 300, 302 Maher, K.A., 183 Levison, H.F., 427 Maier, R.M, 322 Lewis, A., 499 Maillard, J.P., 300, 310 Li, C., 290 Maine, A.T., 477 Liang, E.W., 403 Maithy, P.K., 129, 137 Liang, L., 218 Malamy, M.H., 288 Lichtschlag, A., 302 Malin, M.C., 493 Liesch, P.J., 72, 75–78, 76, 79, 81, 83–85 Maliva, R.G., 92 Lifshitz, E.M., 373 Malmqvist, K.G., 257 Liljedahl, L., 301 Mankinen, E., 416 Lin, W.C., 288 Mann, S., 72, 338–340, 343 Lindblom, S., 254 Manning, C.E., 45 Lineweaver, C.H., 355, 356, 364 Manzanares, M., 363 Lins, U., 338 Maratea, D., 340 Lipkin, Y., 322, 326, 328 Margulis, L., 396 Lipps, J.H., 414 Marino, L., 363 Little, C.T.S., 301, 302 Marinova, M.M., 338, 342 Liu, P., 110 Marion, J.B., 449 Liu, T., 505 Marks, J., 129 Livage, J., 74, 75, 77 Markwardt, C.B., 403 Lo, S.C., 129 Martill, D.M, 109 Lodish, H., 74, 80 Martin, D., 113 Loeffler, M.J., 433, 434 Martin, M.J., 430 Löffler, T., 193 Martin, W., 279, 280 Logan, B.W., 148, 149 Martinás, K., 376 Logan, G.A., 252, 256, 290, 496 Martinko, J.M., 237, 322 López-Cortés, A., 150 Martinson, A., 191 Love, G.D., 19 Martire, L., 304, 307 Lovley, D.R., 236, 288, 476 Masaitis, V., 416 Lowe, D.L., 57 Mathur, V.K., 133 Lowe, D.R., 27–29, 32, 47, 49, 54, 56–58, Matich, A.J., 433 59, 145, 164, 165, 219, 277, 500 Matsunaga, T., 339 Lowell, P., 473 Matsuno, K., 458, 461, 462, 464 Lucas, S.G., 413, 417 Maurrasse, F., 416 Ludwig, W., 237, 288 Max, M.D., 310 540 AUTHOR INDEX

Mayr, E., 357 Moore, L. S., 162, 164 Mazzini, A., 309 Moore, L.S., 148 McCarville, P., 253 Moore, M.H., 429, 431–435 McClendon, J.H., 50 Moore, R.C., 223 McCollom, T.M., 277, 310, 462, 499, 500 Moran, N.A., 281 McCollum, T.M., 57 Moreno, C., 505 McCord, T.B., 244 Morison, D., 71, 85 McGenity, T.J., 238, 240, 243 Mormile, M.R., 238 Mcgenity, T.J., 322 Morowitz, H.J., 447, 460 McGhee, G.R., 418 Moroz, L., 431 McIrvine, E.C., 381 Morris, R.V., 493 McKay, C.P., 50, 59, 322, 323, 324, 325, Morrison, P., 427, 429 328, 337, 338, 341–343, 486, 499, 506 Morrow, J.R., 413, 419 McKay, D.S., 19, 59, 60, 244, 309, Moskowitz, B.M., 340 475–481, 486 Mueller, W.U., 494 McKeegan, K.D., 45 Muir, M.D., 54 McKinley, J.P., 237, 259, 269 Mukhopadhyay, S., 418 McLennan, S.M., 328 Müller, K.J., 92, 109 McLoughlin, N., 219, 221, 516 Muller, R.A., 405, 412, 413 McNamara, K.J., 145, 225 Mumma, M.J., 300, 429 McNeill, D.F., 481 Münch, G., 473 McShea, D.W., 363 Murray, J., 339 McSween, H.Y., 477, 479 Mussmann, M., 281 Medhioub, K., 200 Muyzer, G., 237 Medvedev, M.V., 405 Meeks, J.C., 288 N Melosh, H.J., 252 Naganuma, T., 483 Melott, A.L., 404, 405 Nagy, B., 54 Menor-Salván, C., 505, 507 Nagy, L.A., 54 Messerotti, M., 394, 405 Nakamura-Messenger, K., 19 Meyerdierks, A., 301 Nanri, H., 146, 155 Michalski, J.R., 493, 494 Narbonne, G.M., 94, 133, 217 Mikhailov, M.V., 416 Naumov, M.V., 253 Miller, S.L., 396, 437 Navarro-Gonzãles, R., 322, 328 Mims, C.W., 32 Nealson, K.H., 111, 237, 251, 310 Min, K., 477 Negrón-Mendoza, A., 427, 437 Mishler, B., 281 Nelson, D.C., 301 Misner, C.W., 448 Nelson, D.L., 77, 80, 85 Mitchison, G., 280 Nemoto, A., 461 Mittlefehldt, D.W., 477 Nesbitt, E.A., 416 Miyoshi, T., 483 NesluKan, L., 430 Moench, T.T., 340 Newsom, H.E., 163, 251, 253, 269, 270 Moisescu, C., 343 Nhleko, N., 58 Mojzsis, S.J., 43, 45, 46, 53, 91, 516 Nienow, J.A., 324, 328, 337, 343 Moniot, R.K., 402 Nieto, M.A., 363 Monster, J., 58 Niewon, J.A., 325 Moorbath, S., 43, 50 Nisbet, E.G., 61, 91, 146, 183, 244 Moore, J.M., 499 Noe Dobrea, E.Z., 493, 494 AUTHOR INDEX 541

Noffke, N., 58, 175, 184, 191, 195, 198, P 203, 322, 500 Pace, N.R., 278, 328, 503 Norris, R.D., 416 Packer, B.M., 50 Norton, C.F., 239 Paerl, H.W., 183 Novikov, I., 448 Page, J., 415 Nussinov, M.D., 337, 338, 342, 343 Page, R.D.M., 224 Nutman, A.P., 43, 45 Pál, C., 281 Nystuen, J.P. (1990b), 129 Palij, V.M., 223 Palmer, F., 34 O Palmer, R. J., 327, 328 Oberbeck, V.R., 252 Palmisano, A.C., 151 Ocampo, R., 322, 324, 325 Palumbo, M.E., 432 Ocampo-Friedmann, R., 325, 327, 329, Pan, X.N., 433 337, 343, xx Pankhurst, R.J., 43 Ocampo-Paus, R., 322, 326, 328 Pant, C.C., 132 Ochman, H., 281 Papineau, D., 151, 152, 154 Oehler, D.Z., 8 Papp, B., 281 Oehler, J.H., 16, 17 Parker, J., 322 Oerstedt, A.S., 198 Parkes, R.J., 113 Ofan, A., 398 Parnell, J., 309 Officer, C., 415 Patrikeev, V.V., 337, 338, 342, 343 Ogasawara, H., 461 Patterson, C., 224 Ogata, Y., 459 Pavlov, A., 419 Ohmoto, H., 58, 183, 277, 500 Peacock, J.A., 450 Ohta, Y., 129 Peckmann, J., 300, 304, 307, 308, 309 Olsen, P.E., 417 Pedersen, K., 235, 236, 243 Olu, K., 301 Pellenbarg, R.E. Olu-Le Roy, K., 301 Penzias, A.A., 445 Omelon, C.R., 322, 326 Pepin, R.O., 393 O’Nions, R.K., 43 Peretó, J., 517 Onofri, S., 328 Perri, E., 111 Onstott, T.C., 236 Perrier, G., 279 Oort, J.H., 430 Perry, C.C., 72 Oparin, A.I., 394, 447 Perry, R.S., 34, 72, 73, 79, 506 Oren, A., 327, 328 Perthuisot, J-P., 200 Ori, G.G., 252, 300, 304, 305, 306, 308 Petermann, H., 340 Orians, G.H., 374, 377, 378 Petersen, N., 340, 478 Orlando, T.M., 433 Pflug, H.D., 54, 223 Oró, J., 427, 428, 431, 437 Pflüger, F., 193 Orphan, V.J., 303 Philip, A.I., 73, 79 Orr, J. C., 494 Philip, E., 253 Orr, P.J., 94 Philippe, H., 278, 280, 281 Osinski, G.R., 253, 269 Philippot, P., 54 Ossendrijver, M., 379 Phoenix, R.R., 16, 17 Owen, T., 427, 437 Phoenix, V.R., 16, 17 Owen, T.C., 300, 310 Pierazzo, E., 437 Ozawa, K., 461 Pinckney, J.L., 149, 183 Oze, C., 310 Pinter, N., 413 542 AUTHOR INDEX

Pizzarello, S., 77 Raup, D.M., 412, 415–418 Poag, C.W., 416, 417 Reible, S., 374 Pohnert, G., 83 Reid, G.C., 401 Pointing, S.B., 328 Reid, R.P., 149–152, 155, 164 Pol, D., 281 Reimers, C., 306 Pollard, W.H., 322, 326 Reimold, W.U., 253, 418 Polyak, V.J., 34 Reineck, H.E., 191, 198 Ponnamperuma, C., 394 Reiners, P.W., 477 Ponomareva, V.V., 167 Remusat, L., 16, 20 Popa, R., 372 Renaut, R.W., 110, 111, 251, 252, 503 Popoviciu, D.R., 338 Renne, P.R., 418 Porada, H., 191, 193 Retallack, G.J., 418, 419 Porter, K.G., 237 Reysenbach, A.-L., 286 Porter, S.M., 91 Rickard, D., 94 Pósfai, M., 484, 485 Riding, R., 164, 218 Potter, R.M., 495, 506 Riley, M.S., 288 Potts, M., 322 Ritger, S., 301, 302 Poulakakis, N., 359 Ritter, G., 462 Poulet, F., 493 Rivera, M.C., 280 Powers, D.W., 328 Robert, F., 8, 10, 19, 20, 59 Pratt, B.R., 93 Robertson, D.S., 415 Prince, R.C., 308 Robinson, C.A., 302 Prothero, D.R., 195, 412–414, 416, Rodgers, F., 338 417, 419 Rodgers, S.D., 431, 433 Provencio, P.P., 34 Rodriguez-Valera, F., 322 Purves, W.K., 374, 377, 378 Roederer, J., 381 Purvis, A., 279 Rogers, B.W., 300, 309 Pyatiletov, V.G., 130 Rohde, R.A., 405, 413 Pykova, N.G., 137 Romanek, C.S., 477 Ronto, G., 235 Q Rosen, M.R., 110, 111, 503 Quaide, W.L., 252 Rosenzweig, W.D., 328 Rosing, M.T., 44, 106, 162, 498 R Rossman, G.R., 495, 506 Radax, C., 240 Rothman, D.H., 50, 164, 219 Raff, E.C., 113 Rowe, T., 415 Ragozina, A.L., 130 Roy, A., 32 Rainbird, R.H., 134 Rudavskaya, V.V., 130 Raisbeck, G.M., 396 Ruderman, M.A., 401 Raiswell, R., 93, 277 Ruibuan, G., 134 Rambler, M., 396 Ruiji, C., 27, 42 Ramos-Bernal, S., 432 Ruíz-Bermejo, M., 505, 507 Ramos-Cormenzana, A., 322 Ruiz-Berraquero, F., 322 Rampino, M.R., 412, 418, 419 Runnegar, B.N., 91, 219, 223, 279 Rasbury, E.T, 111 Rush, P.F., 306 Rasmussen, B., 27, 52, 252 Rushdi, A.I., 7 Rathbun, J.A., 163 Russell, M.J., 61 AUTHOR INDEX 543

S Schutte, W.A., 430, 435 Sagan, C., 338, 356, 357, 358, 396, 427, Schwab, F., 195 437 Schwartz, R.D., 412 Sahai, N., 83 Schwartzman, D., 364 Salisbury, B.A., 287 Schweimanns, M., 301 Samba-Fouala, C., 88 Scott, E.R.D., 309, 341, 477, 480, 481 Sánchez-Baracaldo, P., 281, 286–289 Sears, D.W.G., 430–432 Sancho, L.G., 324 Secchi, A., 473 Sanderson, M.J., 279 Seckbach, J., ix, 121, 447, 515 Sandford, S.A., 19, 428, 434, 435 Seewald, J.S., 57, 277 Sanford, W.E., 196 Segura, T.L., 251 Saraste, M., 286 Seilacher, A., 214, 222, 223, 496 Sassen, R., 303, 308 Selivanovskaya, T.V., 416 Sato, T., 75, 76 Semikhatov, M.A., 47, 217, 221 Satterfield, C.L., 328 Seong-Joo, L., 221 Saunders, A.D., 413, 419 Sepkoski, J.J., 405, 412, 416, 418 Savard, M.M., 304 Sergeev, V.N., 133 Sawyer, D.J., 328 Shafran, K., 72 Scalo, J., 404 Shankar, R., 133 Scheffel, A., 480 Shapira, Y., 381 Schiaparelli, G.V., 473 Shapiro, R.S., 304, 305 Schidlowski, M., 43, 162, 244, 277, 516 Sharma, M., 310 Schieber, J., 175, 184, 185, 193, 194, 204 Shen, Y., 53, 54 Schiffman, P., 499, 506 Shi, M., 433 Schilling, G., xix Shiekh, F.A., 483 Schinteie, R., 503 Shock, E.L., 309 Schleifer, K.H., 237, 288 Shoemaker, E.M., 252 Schleper, C., 242 Short, K.A., 344 Schluter, D., 287 Shoskes, D.A., 483 Schneider, D.A., 91 Shubin, N.H., 417 Schneider, J., 322, 495 Shukla, M., 128, 132 Schoderbek, D., 306 Sial, A.N., 121, 134 Schodlok, M.C., Sibuet, M., 301 Schoell, M., 302 Siddall, M.E., 281 Schopf, J.M., 161 Siebert, J., 325 Schopf, J.W., 7, 8, 16, 27, 42, 45, Siegenthaler, C., 196 47, 49–52, 54, 91, 92, 121, Sieger, M.T., 433 132, 133, 135, 146, 162, 164, 183, Siever, R., 92 251, 269 Signor, P.W., 414 Schramm, D.N., 401 Simoneit, B.R.T., 7, 251, 462 Schrödinger, E., xvii (AU: Found in the Simonson, B.M., 92 Preface only) Simpson, E.L., 183, 186–189, 195 Schübbe, S., 339 Simpson, G.G., 356 Schüler, D., 337–339, 338, 343 Simpson, W.S., 433 Schultze-Lam, S., 150 Singh, S., 445 Schulz, E., 196 Singh, S.K., 483 Schulze-Makuch, D., 499, 500 Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., 495 544 AUTHOR INDEX

Sivertseva, I.A., 130 Strick, J.E., 371 Skrzypczak, A., 7 Suess, E., 301, 302 Slayman, C.L., 377 Sugitani, K., 57 Sleep, N.H., 61, 91, 183, 244 Sullivan, C.W., 73 Slesarev, A.I., 279 Summons, R.E., 16, 27, 50, 154, 251, 495, Smalla, K., 237 496, 500 Smith, E., 460 Sun, H.J., 325 Smith, J.M., 366 Susko, E., 280, 281 Smith, M.J., 339, 343 Sutherland, I.W., 198 Smithies, H.R., 42, 47 Sweryda-Krawiec, B., 75, 80 Snel, B., 279 Swett, K., 129, 134 Snyman, C.P., 186 Swofford, D., 283 Soina, V.S., 237 Szathmary, E., 366 Sommer, A.P., 483 Szopa, C., 430 Sommerfield, M.R., 326, 327 Sørensen, K.B., 235 T Southam, G., 111, 162, 266 Takai, K., 237, 269 Southgate, P.N., 221 Tamegai, H., 344 Sparks, N.H.C., 338–340, 343 Tanaka, M., 339 Spear J.R., 503 Tanner, L.H., 417 Spinks, J.W.T., 434 Tarter, J., 355 Spinrad, H., 473 Tauber, A.I., 381 Spooner, E.T.C., 32 Taviani, M., 304 Sprachta, S., 302 Taylor, A.P., 341, 480, 481, 485 Spray, J.G., 253, 269 Taylor, P., 479, 483 Spring, S., 340 Teeling, H., 281 Sprinson, D.B., 83 Teichmann, S.A., 280 Squyres, S.W., 61, 163, 251, 252, 328, 485, Terzi, C., 304 493, 499 Teske, A., 235 Srivastava, P., 132 Tewari, V.C., 121, 128, 132–135 Stadermann, F.J., 19, 20 Thamdrup, B., 54 Stal, L.J., 198, 200 Therriault, A.M., 252 Staley, J., 34 Thiel, V., 307, 308 Stanley, S.M., 412 Thiemens, M., 277 Stan-Lotter, H., 235, 238–240 Thode, H.G., 58 Steele, A., 478 Thomas, C.H., 404 Steiner, M., 94 Thomas, D.J., 338 Stephens, C., 338 Thomas-Keprta, K.L., 59, 60, 341, 480, 485 Steppe, T.F., 183 Thorne, K., 448 Stern, A.S., 428–431 Thorsett, S.E., 404 Stetter, K.O., 251, 254 Thorsos, I.E., 251, 253, 269, 270 Stevens, T.O., 237, 259, 269 Tice, M.M., 56, 57, 145 Stevenson, D.J., 183 Tiercelin, J.J., 110, 252 Stinnesbeck, W., 398 Timofeev, B.V., 134 Stoker, C.R., 59 Tiwari, M., 132 Stolz, J.F., 338, 340 Tobias, P.V., 400, 401 Stothers, R.B., 412, 418, 419 Tombrello, T.A., 433 Strazzulla, G., 430–432, 435 Tomitani, A., 277 AUTHOR INDEX 545

Toon, O.B., 338, 342 Visscher, P.T., 149 Toon, O.W., 252 Vlierboom, F.W., 256 Toporski, J.K.W., 16 Vockenhuber, C., 401 Townsend, J.P., 279 Vogel, G., 372 Treiman, A.H., 244, 328 Volkova, N.A., 130 Treude, T., 301, 303 von Dalwigk, I., 253–257, 268, 269 Treusch, A.H., 242 von Dobeneck, T., 478 Tribus, M., 381 Vonhof, H.B., 416 Tripathi, A.B., 269 Vreeland, R.H., 238–240, 328 Trusovs, S., 79 Vrieling, E.G., 72 Tsong, I.S.T., 433 Tucker, M., 111 W Tuniz, C., 397 Wacey, D., 49–53, 219, 516 Tunnicliffe, V., 302 Wächtershäuser, G., 457 Tyler, S.T., 52 Wada, H., 363 Tynni, R., 129 Wade, M., 223 Wadhwa, M., xxiii U Waggoner, B.M., 94, 223 Udry, S., xix Wagner, D., 310 Ueno, Y., 16, 46, 52, 303 Wagner, R., 338, 342 Uhen, M.D., 363 Walker, J., 328 Urban, J.E., 339 Walker, J.C.G., 396, 494 Uwins, P.J.R., 479, 483 Walker, J.J., 503 Wallace, A.R., 473 V Walossek, D., 92 Vago, J., 244 Walraven, F., 186 Valencia, D., xix (AU: Found in the Walsh, M.M., ix, 27–29, 55, 57, 121, 132, 500 Preface only) Walter, M.R., 27, 42, 47, 50–52, 54, 133, Valentine, J.W., 223 134, 145, 146, 162, 164, 165, 175, 217, Vali, H., 340, 477, 478 251, 252, 309, 516 Valley, J.W., 253 Wang, F., 134 Van der Neut, M., 188 Wang, M., 279 Van Dover, C.L., 300, 301 Wang, S.C., 419 Van Kranendonk, M.J., 42, 46, 47, 49, 52, Wanner, G., 239 56, 145, 147, 219 Ward, D.M., 237 Van Niekerk, H.S., 28 Ward, P.D., 413, 417, 419, 420, 447 Van Zuilen, M.A., 7, 46, 58, 59, 61, 91 Warren, P.H., 477 Vaniman, D.T., 328 Warren-Rhodes, K.A., 322 Vanzani, V., 405 Watters, W.A., 91 Vargas, M., 288 Wayne, H.P., 326 Varnes, E.S., 499, 500 Webb G.E., 49 Vasavada, A.R., 437 Webb, R.I., 341, 479, 480, 483, 485 Veizer, J., 304 Wediking, W., 45 Venkatachala, B.S., 128 Weed, R., 325 Versh, E., 253 Weidler, G.W., 242, 244 Vestal, J.R., 325, 328 Weil, A., 415 Vidal, G. (1990b), 129 Weinberg, S., 445, 446 Villar, S.E.J, 324 Weiss, A.F., 134 546 AUTHOR INDEX

Weiss, B.P., 60, 341 Wray, G.A., 214 Weiss, D.G., 340 Wright, I., 61, 498 Weissbach, A., 83 Wynn-Williams, D.D., 321, 323, 324 Weissman, P.R., 427, 428 Weller, R., 237 X Werne, J.P., 16 Xiao, S, 92, 94, 95, 107, 108, 110, 111 Werner, D., 47, 203 Xiao, S., 128 Westall, F., 27–30, 32, 46, 54–58, 121, Xie, X., 28 132, 135, 162, 183, 252, 259, 266, Xing, Yu. S., 134 269, 500 Xu, D., 403 West-Eberhard, M.J., 361 Xuanyang, Z., 134 Wheeler, J.A., 448 Wheeler, J.C., 404 Y White, R.V., 413, 419 Yadav, V.K., 128, 132 Whitehouse, M.J., 43, 50, 91 Yakshin, M.S., 130 Whiting, M.F., 281 Yamaguchi, A., 477 Whitman, W.B., 236 Yamanaka, T., 344 Whitmire, D.P., 412 Yamazaki, T., 344 Whittet, D.C.B., 437 Yang, H., 327 Whitton, B.A., 324 Yee, N., 16, 17 Wickman, F.E., 254 Yin, C., 128, 134 Wiebe, W.J., 236 Yochelson, E.L., 94 Wieler, R., 397 York, D., 253 Wierzchos, J., 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, York, P.F., xx 326, 328 Yuan, X., 95, 107 Wignall, P.B., 415, 417–419, 419 Yue, Z., 93, 110, 134 Wilby, P.R., 109 Wilde, S.A., 43 Z Williams, D.A., 446 Zahnle, K.J., 50 Williams, L.A., 306 Zang, W., 130, 134 Williams, R.J.P., 73, 216 Zeng, A.P., 281 Williams, T.J., 343 Zhang, C.L., 301, 303 Wilmotte, A., 288 Zhang, W., 92–94, 108 Wilson, L., 50, 58 Zhang, Y., 95 Wilson, R.W., 445 Zhaxybayeva, O., 281 Winkler, S., 401 Zheng, W., 433 Wirsen C.O., 301 Zhou, C., 95 Witt, A., 484 Zhou, L., 418 Woese, C.R., 278, 281, 517 Zhu, M., 94 Wolfe, R.S., 340 Ziegler, H., 326, 327 Wolfram, S., 50 Zillig, W., 286 Wong, A.S., 310 Zolensky, M.E., 244 Wood, H.M., 483 Zolotarev, B.P., 167 Wood, J.A., 430 Zopfi, J.T., 339 Wood, R.A., 91 Zubay, Z., 73 Wood, W.W., 196 Zubrin, R.M., 338, 342 Woods, R.J., 434 Zumberge, J.E., 256