Tankhur Naga Vocabulary

DC 164 SOQ

Building Centenary and Silver Jubilee Series: 67

TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY

by D. N. SHANKARA BOAT

DECCAN COLLEGE ..

Postgraduate and Research Institute, POONA 1969 TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY /

Deccan College

Building Centenary and Silver Jubilee Series:

TANKHVR NAGA VOCABULARY

by D. N. S. Bhat

DECCAN COLLEGE Postgraduate and Research Institute, POONA TANKHUR NAG-A VOCABULARY

D. N. Shankara Bhat, M.A., Ph.D.

Reader in Tibeto-Burman Linguistics, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Poonc.

POONA 1%9 Code No. BC 164

• I. First Edition: 500 -copies, October .:1969

_ 1

Price Rs. 15.00

Printed by Shri M. S. Latkar at Shri Saraswati Mudranalaya, Plot No. 76, 'E' Block, Bhosari, Poona 26 and published by Dr. S. M. Katre for the Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Poena 6, FOREWORD

On the 15th of October 1964 the Deccan College celebrates the centenary of its main Buil6ing, and curiously en~ugh this period coincides with the Silver Jubilee of the Postgraduate and Research Institute which, as successor to the Deccan College, started functioning from 17th August 1939 when members of the teaching faculty reported for duty. When I suggested to members of our faculty the novel idea that the centenary should be cele- brated by the publication of a hundred monographs representing the research carried on under the auspices of the Deccan College in its several departments they readily accepted the suggestion. These contributions are from present and past faculty members and research scholars of the Deccan College, giving a cross-section of the manifold research that it has sponsored during the past twenty-five years. From small beginnings in 1939 the Deccan College has now grown into a well developed and developing Research Institute and become a national centre in so far as Linguistics, Archaeology and Ancient Indian History, and Anthro- pology ar:d Sociology are concerned. Its international status is attested by the location of the Indian Institute of German Studies (jointly sponsored by Deccan College and the Goethe Institute of Munich), the American Institute of Indian Studies and, a Branch of Ecole Francaise d'Extrerne-Orient in the campus of the Deccan College. The century of monographs not only symbolises the centenary of the original building and the silver jubilee of the Research Institute, but also the new spirit of critical enquiry and the promise of more to come.

7th March 1964. s. M. KATRE

1 CONTENTS

pages Foreword v Introduction vii Vocabulary

Additional Vocabulary 73 Root Index of English Meanings 84 INTRODUCTION

1. Tankhur Naga is a Tibeto-Burrnan language spoken by about 45 thousand persons inhabiting the hills to the north-eastof-Manipur valley in Eastern India, bordering Burma. According to Sir George Grierson, the number of dialects spoken by these tribes is very great, almost every village being said to have a distinct one. The present vocabulary is based on the speech of Mr. Shengreiso Susa, who speaks the dialect of Ukhrul, which is also considered to be the standard dialect. -2. It was found possible to analyse most of the vocables into monosyllabic roots, and hence, the major part of the vocabulary is arranged here according to the alphabetical .order of the roots, citing under each root all the vocables which contain it. Accordingly a 'vocable in this part of the vocabulary gets repeated as many ~ times as there are monosyllabic roots in it. For example, the vocable simsak 'shape of a house' occurs under the root sim as well as sak; simthinrd 'materials for building ~ house' occurs under roots sim, thit; and rd. 3. Identification of the roots is the main problem to be faced in an analysis of the above nature. Roots showing differences other than those of tone are generally kept apart. Since the tonal feature did not appear to be stable in word formation, and since no difinite rule could be formulated for its alternation, it has been generally neglected in the identification of roots except when the difference in meaning appeared to be rather substantial.

4. Verbal roots are given in their infinitive forms, i. e., with the prefix ka '" kh». ThE'section called'Additional Vocabulary' is mostly made up of the names of objects such as trees, flowers, fruits, animals, birds etc. which could not be easily analysed. The root index, it must be noted, is neither exhaustive nor exact ( as to their meaning identification), and its purpose is only to provide an easy cross- reference to the main vocabulary. 5. A short outline of the Tankhur Naga grammar may be attempted here. It has seven vowel phonemes, i, uc, u; e, a, 0; and a; these show a three-fold tonal contrast; two phonemes of tone may be set up for this purpose, high falling / 1/ and low falli~gl>l , The consonants are p, t, k; ph, th, kh; m, n, 1l; W, r, Y; s, s, h; z, and c.

6. The three unaspirated stops, p, t, and k become voiced intervocally, especially before a vowel in low.tone. The trill r has a freely varying alternant, l. The fricative h has f as an altemant before the vowel 'lU. The two consonants z and c are both affricates, of which the former is alveolar and the latter palatal. Both of them , •• ('J.. , .are voiceless. 7. There is a very interesting sandhi change in the language concerning the consonants; There are prefixes ke, pa and ci occurring before verbal roots, showing phonologically conditioned alternants, khe , ph» and Si respectively. Of these, the f9nner OCyUr before roots having an initial voiceless consonant ang the latter before x INTRODUCTION .:» roots with an initial voiced consonant. Examples: (a) kalj to be scorched cikan to scorch tek to be broken eitek to break saw to plough cisaw to make to plough nam to borrow ~inam to lend , wuy to feed siwuy to make to feed 'f)gk to be surprised sir,gk to surprise (b) than to become public kothan to be scattered suy to pull out kasuy to sip in ruy to string flowers khsruy to save money ygp to beckon khayap to wink (c) ham to place poharn to place on something ra to come phora to give birth to a child nuy to be tame phonuy to tame

6. Verbal roots are all monosyllabic. They can have any of the seventeen consonants in the initial position, but no vowel can occur in that position. The roots can be either vowel-e nding or consonant-ending, but in the latter case, the consonant could only be one of the following: a voiceless stop, nasal or W, y, or r. The vowel tu is not followed by any consonant in verbal roots. 7. There are five prefixes that can occur before verbal roots: '(ja,me, ci, '" si, pa '" phe and ka"'kha.

(a) The prefix 'f,ais used to derive intransitive bases from transitive ones and also in some cases to denote mutual action. sa to make '(jgsa to become . roy to have ,(,grgy to cling to phum to burry '(,aMm to sink in that to kill ,(,gthgt to kill one another thuk to saw '(jgthuk to saw for one another ( b) The prefix ci"'si is used to derive transitive or causative verbal bases ( d) The remaining three prefixes do not have any definite meaning. stu to be short mgstu to be narrow tay to be extra motay to multiply thaw to be fat mothaw to make fat so to open koso to cut a tunnel ( d) The prefixes may also be used to derive verbal bases from certain nominal roots.

ca necklace 'jgca to have a necklace tuy word matuy to Speak ni~ mind phonin to wish TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY xi

8. Verbal bases can be further expanded by adding one or more particles which form quite a big class by themselves.

(a) saykarohay to be able to e~ saytaykahay to eat by mistake saytotkshay to eat half-half ~ ~aynakahay to eat too much saypatkohay to eat completely saymitkohay to have already eaten sayropkahay to eat a bit sayrikohay to be the time to I_at sayraqkohay to eat incorrectly

(b) saykhanay to wish to eat saykacom to have eaten just now saykathay to eat continuously ~aykakhanak to bite into pieces ~aykapay to have the permission to eat ~aykapM to be tasty to eat saykaphok to start eating saykhawa to go eating 9. The bases can further take a number of suffixes indicative of tense and mode. For example, e is past, ri present continuous, re future, se concessive and ru imperative. Examples: ine say~ 'I ate', ine sayri 'Iam eating', ine sayrtl 'I will eat', itkum saystl 'Let us eat'. 10. Negative forms are obtained by ( a ) prefixing me to the base and (b) by inserting m» before the present (n() and future suffixes and th(,4w before the past suffix. ana mosaw mana He does not beat ana mosaw mara He will not heat ana mesaw thuwa He did not beat 11. There are also a number of non-finite suffixes such as khe if, re although, kittl in order to, tlyntl when, which may be added to verbal bases. 12. Kinship terms and nouns denoting body parts are found to take- a, set of three personal prefixes to indicate the possessor. The prefixes are i my, ne your and a his or her. Examples: iphfJy my leg, n()phfJy your leg, aphay his leg; ipal) my hand nepat; your hand, apat; his hand; in« my grandfather, nenu your grandfather, an« his grandfather.

13. The numerals are akh« one, khtlni two, k~hum three, m~i four, ph;(rJo five, th()Tuk six, sini seven, ciset eight, ciko nine and thera ten. There is a special term m()km for twenty. Thirty is thumra. Forty, fifty etc. are derived by prefixing hst; to four, five etc. Eleven, twelve etc. are formed by suffixing ts to ten before adding one, two etc. to it. So is the case with numbers twen ty-one, twenty-twQ;etc. thmlttl !?hmi twelve, m?kt~ akh? twenty-one, htl~Sinit? Sil# seventy-seven, xii INTRODUCTION

""', ,', 14. There are three suffixes, a man, wue woman and ra girl, that can be used to 'form verbal nouns: kapifj to be brave; kaPiY]ra brave girl, kapi1)wm brave woman, ~a~ifja brave man. The plural suffix is Pifj. Thus, mi men, CmiPifj-men; thii; tree, thxfJpr,1)tree. ':

15. There are three case suffixes, ne nominativ (emphatic), wuy genitive and ri doing the functions of other case relations such as dative, locative and accusative. Examples: ina way I go ( emphatic) thinwuy amu tree's picture ana iri reysi he loves me ina layrikri they I see it in the book hi ciri hokrnsya this is taller than that' ari kacon miru give him the cloth. 16. The pronouns are iI, na you, a he, she;(all these can take the dual suffix ni and th~ plural suffix thum ); hi this one, ci that one khi what and ketha how

..I\..

, .. ".,&, 1. 1.... :. .: ,

.!- .• ,. ••..,.• ..J VOCABULARY kak 1. kakak to fix an engagement. kam 1. kakam to have scarcity a 2. khafjakak to be unaccustomed vegetables. _ to speak out. k;jy 1. khiJmakfJy to bite. 1. kaka'fl to be bulky; khemeket; to 1. kiJkay to rear up (animals); be strong. unbreakable (string): khaykalJ hilt of a dao hidden l~haf}iJkay to be compassionate; inside the handle. sutkay domestic animals. 2. -makay liver. ~ kot 1. kacikiJt to give to someone above; acieet giving to someone 3. kaythay market; kaynufJ city. above. kar 1. kacikar to fillip with small kat 1. kacikat to offer; pafjkat giving sticks; aciker ways of filliping; out shares by measuring with yamkar hammer; karhuy pointed the hand; simruykat heir. sticks used in building a dam. 2. hsrket time when hen goes to its 2. sutkar kind of small dove. sleeping place; aket time when 3. sakarkahay to be able to do; birds go back to the nest. SaykarkiJhay to be able to eat; 3. sakat a path in the forest used phu1jkarkahay to be able to by animals; miket a path in the carry. forest used by people; Simkat tresspassing. kaw 1. kharpkaw to ask for help. kan 1. keken to protect someone. 2. raketora thin girl. kap 1. kakap to be released suddenly ka 1. kaka to climb up. (as the door of a trap); kacikap 2. khama',a to open (mouth); to release, to fillip; acikep ways kscika to give way. of filliping; afjakap a flap-like thing closing the mouth of a :~. ka room; kana small room; snail's shell; phaykap kind of pikhawayka bed room. trap used for catching birds; akap engine. 1. kaka to change the shape due 2. kakap to finish off ( as' harvest- to shrinking (door, furniture); ing ) ; kha'f,aka/J to be very kacika id. - scarse, rare, 3. kakap to narrate by imagination. kak 1. kallak to tear off; khiJ'fjakak to cut into pieces; akak rags. 4. kakap to swell up in cooking ( beens, meat etc. ) 2. khiJmiJkak to stretch one's lege. •

2 D. N. S. BHAT kaq 1. kaka-rJ to be scorched ( as surry share for someone; akay portion, while cooking); akat; scorched aYjakay portion, half; naka)lpak food (at the bottom of a vessel); half ( of fruit etc. ). kacikaf) to make to scorch ( curry). kay 1. kakay to break; to disperse 2. ahat; scab of a wound. without coming to any conclus- ion ( a meeting); kacikay to 3. kat; wheel, make to break; khaYjmaykay pieces of a pot. ka'fj 1. kak{{(j to have no rain. kar 1. kailar to step out. kan 1. kakdn' to guard; kacikdn to ~akar to be cautious. make someone guard; rsylean watchman. 3. kecikar to be very long and growing sideways ( horn ); cikar kan 1. kakan to cross; khamakan to forked stick; karwa kind of bird cross (road etc.};: kacikan to with long legs. make to cross. 4. akar broken pj(tes of the cover 2. hctfjkankahay to say more than of millet seperated while thras- necessary; yonkankahay to fly hing; karphut, sweepings, refuse. more thanneeessary; pakan- kahay to read more than kaw 1. kakdw to scoup out; kecinau: to necessary; -kankankahay id. cause to scoup out; sikaw kind ( more emphatic ). of small spade; aYjakdw fighting with paws; khaYjakdw to fight kan kak{tn to finish off; khaf1akan with one another with paws. id; kacikan to make to finish ; 2. khamakdw to dry ( meat, saykhar1akan to. finish ~f[ eating: vegetable etc.); amakjiw drying. kakhalpkan to finish off claim bing. kaw 1. ka!?aw to dry up, to be thin; kaci kaio to dr.y (tr.), to make thin; kap 1. kakap to shoot; khaIJakap to shoot one another. . a~. dried- objects; yarkaw thin man; sakaui dried meat; 2. kacikap to measure with thumb hoksakato dried pork; zakaunota and finger. thin girl. kam 1. phaykam upper garment. 6. kha"l,a!?aw to have a row of teeth ,with some missing here and 1. kakdy t) be relieved of compul- there. sory work (as of the Govern- 3. kacikaw to scratch with nails ment ); kacikd y to relieve ( as tiger, cat ). someone of compulsory work.

2. kakdy to keep away a share for kuk 1. kakuk to talk ill of someone; someone; _khar'iJkay to share; khariJkttk to co one another, kacikay to "make to keep away to gossip; kakakuk a cry hen TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 3

when eggs begin to hatch out; part in the trunk of a tree: akuy- to knock. ren crest ( of cock ); khamo'flkuy hole in which the door turns 2. akuk hard knot in a log of ( upper ); sikuy wooden bammer firewood; akukrzu various kinds used to pound vegetables. of bones; -ph(Jylluk ankle.

kuVj 1. kh(JYj(JkuYj to be dense ( forest) ; kuy 1. l?(Jkuy to go round and round; ,I kh(Jm(Jku'r) to be dense, well-wo- kh(J'lpkuy to inspect a place after ven (basket); saYjku'f] kind of some work is done; to look after ruk basket. - - as head of an armey; rakuy first line of a-~lg (chorus); 2. k(Jk(Jku'f] to knock. /z(Jmkuy brim of a pot. 3. akuYj stalk ( of tree, flower etc. ) • 2. kh(Jm(Jkuy to be cool. kun 1. acikun corner; amskun angle. 3. akuy core of a tree; rUtkuy bone 2. mekun quality. 1u'f]kuy stone; 'fj(Jr1J,1.kuy rock.

4. k(JP(J1,kuy choise. kup 1. k(Jkup to finish (making table etc. ), to co a work slowly and kur 1. kakur to bend while walking nicely; kh~(Jkup to do a work ( old man); khaywkur to be cur- nicely. ved (as a beam due to 2. kh3fjJkup to have a slightly overweight ). deformed ear or forehead. kLiI 1. kh(J1.(Jkzteto sing the omen sittino 3. kh(Jfj(Jkup to bite and see whe- on the housetop (kind of bird); ther the paddy is well dried or ksara fortune; ksarasa: mishap. not.

kw 1. kakue to be an addict (as· of kum 1. kh(Jfj(Jkum to marry, to join. smoking ). 2. kum year; zi'f]kum year; Zi1f

4. koi, river; k01Jmarek land betw- of a fruit. een two rivers; kO'fjray big river; 2. -kh~k breath, breathing sound; koira small r.ver. khakSo voice; khaksot id. 5. sil/lol,k

2. kh'J1.akham to wear a headdress 1. kakhd'f] to give a feast; zatkhan of cane or bamboo; atekhsn« feast. wearing of headdress. 2. khrifj kind of flat wide vessel; khafjmaykay pieces of a pot khcv 1. kakhay to float (intr.): kacikhfJy to float ( tr. ). kha'l 1. kaklutf) to lift up; kacikhrifj to make to lift up. khay 1. kakhay to omit; khal1iJkhay to be barred by society. 2. khaTJcd habit. 2. khal'l2akhay to be bent, curved 3. khafjaca rope in the yoke. ( wall). 1. kakhan to be patient. 3. khayhon wooden sheath. 2. kakhctfj to be very bright . sun ). kh~y kakhay 1. to gore bushes or walls - ( buffelo ), to spread, to stir khat 1. amekhat ways of coughing. (curry) . • khan 1. kekhan. to draw a line; akhan khar 1. kakhar to grow; akher very line, strap of colour on cloth; young plants. rikhan lightning; khanzartU girdle. khar 1. kakhar to pick up ( fruit ). 2. ni'flkhan liberty. 3. khanta fishing basket. khft 1. -rikhd armpit. khap I, !?akhap to measure with fingers ; , kha 1. kakhq to be bitter. akhap measuring done with one's palm; khapkhJ measure 2. khaJpkha to put on special of length from thumb to little garments for ram; to equip finger; sutkhapkha id. oneself.

1. khal'l2akha to cough; khatok kham 1. kakhrim to stop working. phlegm. 2. khafjakhrim to own something. 4. -mekha lower jaw; chin; reuieha lower garment (men's). kham 1. k[Jkham to be engaged for marriage. 5. khamot, door; khamoTIPhay hole in which the door turns ( lower ); khav 1. kakhriy to fish with a basket; khamofjkuy hole in which the to Iaddle out; khriy fish; khdy- door turns (upper). ran fishing net; khriyrtU egg of fish; khdysuy fish-hook. khak 1. kakhak to keep a share for someone; amakhak ramnent , rema- 2. khalj3khriy to keep apart share ining portion of work etc. ; khafj- for someone; kacikhay id, ; akhak to be too long to enter. wr/thay half. 6 D. N. S. BnA! khay 1. kakhay to make trench in a khut 1. maykhut smoke. paddy field for water; kacikhay to make someone dig a trench; khun 1. kha'flakhun to drag, pull. hokkhay gate for the enclosure for pigs. khup 1. kakhup to thatch. 2. kakhay to lead in a war dance; 2. khafjC)khup to be concave (as kha1pkhay to have scars on face one's forehead or-ear ) etc. 3. yar/ehup place for husking. 3. akhay pair. 4. khay big knife; khayrarut; whe- khum 1. kakhUm to cover with a lid; ting stone; khaysa'f) handle of l?ha1,akhum to be inverted; dao. kacikhum to make to cover; akhum lid. 1. kakhay to seperate into different groups ( intr, ). khurn 1. kekhum. to fast; kacilehum to , make to fast. 1. lwkhdr to stretch out as the 2. kakhum to order. wooden covering of a roof outstretching wooden roof, 3. -khum back ( body part); -hhu- mkor id; -lzhumrenrui back- khar 1. khsmekhar to keep horizontally bone; khumhuy pillow. as sticks in making a fence; 4. namkhum» debter. khafJ{}khar to be too long to enter; soikhar moterable road; akhar straight and broad road. khum 1. i?akhum to put into diffrent ,shares; akhum; share; aYjahhum ' 1. khdw' grass hopper; khdwyur share or portion that was big grass hopper; khdwsom already divided; sa'fjkhum grass hopper with a big belly. secluded place divided-by hills, 2. kakhum to keep stones in a row khaw 1. hehhau: to roll, to wind (rope ( boundary). etc), 3. kha'fjakMr,m to go and stay in 2. -khaui pocket; consahhau: bag; the girl's house after sorakhaui id, engagement. 3. amekhaio dirty, khuy 1. kahhuy to overtake; kha1,akhUy khi 1. khi what. to race. khuk 1. -parjkhuk elbow; khuksaw knee. khuy 1. kakhuy to catch a ball, to take. 2. khamakhuy to be incurrect. khulj 1. kakhun to bring; 3. khuy bee; khuypuy hornet; khu'll 1. kakhu'fj to pull steadily without khuyrue honey, wax; khuyco releasing. empty bee hieve; khuysap kind TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 7

-v of bee; khuyham place in the 4. akhs« charm, supposed to cause ground where bees build the stomuch trouble; mithitkhUt an hieve; khuyhaTj honeycomb; act that will cause harm to khuyhum beehieve. others.

4. waykhuy fence around: the 5. khs« village: khiama» prestige village. of a village; khuimi foreigner, 5. saykakhuy just to have outsider; khuirak» chief' of a something to eat; mar1kakhuy village; khUtwuTj village under a just to have something to drink. small king; khiacem custom; khUtmisima stranger. khuy 1. kakh~ty to wind; khaTjkhuy to 6. mekhu: July; mekuemera sow- curl itself (snake) ; aTjakhuy ing time. brim of a plate, tumbler ete.; ways of curling (snakes); akhuy khet 1. khaket to omit. bundle of threads (round); 2. kekhet to strike a match stick; khamakhuy to bend, curve; ame- khal;Jkhet to strike a match stick khu)"m

4. rutkhO'f1 tank; khorcop lake. stones; rUYjkhor stone wall; akhor pile of +ood, paving 5. khounavnau: neighbour, stones (for the floor ). 6. rakhot, portion of a paddy field. 1. kha'qak to be surprised; kasinak 1. kha'fjakho-Il to speak through the to make some ne surprised. nose. 1. kharlJn to roar. khot 1. kakhot to calculate. 1. khaol.aYto) be anxious. 2. khaf.akhot to have contact with a s.ranger. 2. ai,aij smell of body. khon 1. kekho» to dig a tank. 1. kakhal.ajJ to bite off quickly. 2. khonkeper plate. :? khon tune; akhon sound; 1. khanam to be proud, to be in khonsat curse; masikhon whis high rank; aYjam power; kh(}'(jJm- kharay noble person; khaYjam to f tling. be bright. khom 1. kekhom to fix up colour threads 1. khanay to get musty smell: akh- to get designs in a cloth; akhom anay stale objects producing bad embroidary; carkhom upper smell. garment; khompa mat. 2. khamaYjay to have a bigger 2. raykhom sticky brownish mud. angle (pickaxe etc.) ; to be 3. rumkhom. salt mine. straight Iorward (in speaking etc. ). khor 1. kh(JYjakhor to cool oneself in a • pond ( buffelo): anakhor pond in 1. kha1yJr to snore; aYjar snoring. which buffelos usually cool themselves. fla 1. phaYja active.

2. khor rice beer; khorsm cup for 2. meta in front. rice beer; khorpi« kind of vessel to drink rice beer; khorzim thin flak 1. kha'(,ak to rule. bamboo straw to suck rice beer; 1. satas, smell of an animal. khorsen kind of vessel to keep the drinking straw; thiYjkhoram 1. kha'(jan to burn ( brick etc. ) wooden cup for rice beer; flan khorkhoti utensils; zimkhor an instrument made of stag horn flam 1. -iam heart. used to suck out poison from snake bite etc. ; reekhor bamboo 1. khaYjdy to desire; saykha'fjay tube used for carrying water. to wish to eat; thfJykha'fjqy to wish to see. I khor 1. kakh'or to lay stones to make a wall; kacikhor to cause to lay flay 1. khafjay to be talkative. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 9

2. a'fjay smell; saYjay smell of an 3. rutsornca kind of black stone animal. used as pencil. 3. kha(,ay meadow. co} 1. kec» real, true. 4. -'fjay property; '(,aysi rich man. f 2. yare» old bacholer; -ca elderly 'law 1. pha'fjaw to keep in the open person. place (not to hide ). cak 1. kacak to jump (in dancing ); to 2. '~awra kind of small tiger. walk in a zig zag way as a 3. sat'fjawkahay to cut very deeply; drunk; phaycak step (in dancing); to'fjawkahay to poke very deeply; Yjacakray small mutiney. sO',awkahay to open completely 2. kacak flea on dogs. ( door ). r- call 1. kaca'fj to dig earth. 'lut 2. khaYjacaYj to be over ( work, living etc. ) flun 1. kha()un to be very nicely powdered. 3. kecicet; to carry by hand (baby).

2. a'fjun corpse; saran dead body 4. micet; party, side. of an animal. 5. ru~ca'fj hard, smooth stone.

'fjun 1, khallun to cook slightly as in 6. saycaCj kind of buffelo, preparing rice beer. 1. kakaca.j to be real; akacall real, true; kaca/jkhat definite. 'lum 1. khaYjum to be round; kakha'jum to go on chewing without opening cat 1. kecet to snap off; acet broken the mouth or swallowing; aeum pieces of thread or rope; amecet round; maium unhusked paddy; pieces of rope or thread; mecst rue'fjum a covering of cane rope id. for the handle of dao etc. can 1. kacan to make a hole (in wood); 1. ar)~tm trunk of a tree; tiumrum racen time for qigging the field stump of a tree; IjUlnsuy trunk with spade. of tree. 2. kecen to be curious.

'Iluy 1. kha'Cjuy to fry. 3. khaYjacan to try to complete.

2. rU/jljuy lime stone. 4. khemscen to add; phaymacan knots of toes. 'l)ok 1. mar,okray popped paddy. 5. can potter's wheel.

'l\om 1. hhecom to grow as bark of a cap 1. ' kacap to weep, cry; khaTjacap to tree on a cut. beat one another and cry; kacicap 2. atom trunk of an elephant. to cause to weep. 10 D.N. S. BHAT

2. khgfJ(Jcgp to be insufficient. 3. aca past.

3. kgkgcgp to chop off; kgcicgp to 4. cakhsn cocked rice ( sticky). bite (crab) ; akgcgp chopped • object. 1. khg'fjgca to have a necklace; aca rope in the yoke; skin under the earn 1. kecem to be old; -cem conduct, neck of a cow; seyca id.: ca behaviour; kecsm used things; necklace. khtacern custom; cancsm cak 1. kgcak to count; khg'fjgcak to proverb; cancemtu» id. calculate; rurcakra kind of 2. khgl,gcgm to level up; rgyc,gcgm game played with small stones. plateau. 2. kecak to press with thumb-nail. 3. saykgcgm to have eaten just now; 3. kekecal: to cry (cakre~ birds- zstkecem to have walked just supposed to be a bad omen). now. 4. kgcak arrow. cay 1. kgcgy to mix (liquids) ; 5. mecak materials. khg'f';Jcgy to mix up small and big (or men and women); aflgCgy call 1. khemecat; to be covered with arrangement; 'fjgcgyri in-between. soot; ca11PO'fj warm place just 2. khg'l,gcgy to.break one's promise. above pUflsor to keep chilly etc. calSgr a place above 3. aYfgCgy mediation; ceyrai: l the fireplace to keep chilly, village court. fish etc.; canhus soot (in the 4. sacey whip. kitchen); casci tongs; Ca'fIPO'fj second floor for -1.

'f ..\.:'KHl:R XAGA YOCABULARY 11

] . kacOrj to be thin and hairless cam 1. kecam to be poor; camrak (calf , khsmscat, to be very very poor fellow; campat; per- thin and dirty (child ; carapar !iOns with unlucky limbs for person of weak and lazy manner. starting a work; camphay id. 2. kecam to decrease as flame of cat 1. kecat to put (00 much colour. fire.

2. kecat to have plenty to eat and 3. cam fitting, amicable.

/ drink ( in a party ); kakacat to make biting sound with the cay 1. kacdy to sprinkle. teath.

3. khemecat to be well set (as a cay . 1. kha'f'jacay to play ( footbal ). row of teeth ) or grains in a 2. khaYJacay to dry up and bend bunch of maize; acat bunch of down as leaves of banana tree; maize; amscat row of seeds in a acay old dried up leaves of bunch of maize. banana, sugercane.etc.: women 4. khemscat to make a cut on top of earlier generation who were of a post in order to place a married away. beam; amecat notch on top of a 3. kacicay (0 pinch. wooden post. 4. hercay place where hens sleep. 5. kacat kind of wood-worm. 5. aYJacayin beLween; morcay lip. 6. cat tribe, nation; catra hero. 6. kacay worm; kw,cayearth worm; intestinal worm. din 1. kecan to rub and cut; akecan an object cut by rubbing. caw 1. kacaw to be proud.

can 1. amecan bunch of flower etc.; 2. khaYJacaw tQ go stealthily; patsmecan knots of the finger. yarcaui dwarfish man.

2. can speech, sentence; tecan 3. caw barking deer; cauizam kind , of' tree whose fruit is eaten by news, message; canpaio news; cancsm proverb; cancemtuy id.; caw. canhan ways of asking; rutcan curiosity, longing. ci 1. maci salt; mecikeurpo salt vessel; cirum salt mine; cin« 3. canray main road connecting rock salt. the village and the paddy fields. ci 1. kaci to take; kakaci to gather, cap 1. kacap to tie (hatching with collect; ameci paddy kept away split pieces of bamboo; cicap to for sowing; maykaci tobacco; I cut with scissors, to clip; acicap rayci pustule; cauci tongs. ways of cutting; cutting the 2. kaci to be well-cooked. limbs of a crab; cicapkhemiy» barber. 3. kha'fjaci to be afraid of. 12 D.N. S. BRAT

4. ateci horn; ciret; thin and long 2. kacuk to put colour to a wooden horn; phaymaci heel; ca1,ci"1lut carving; acuk mark in the body rainbow. of a cow ejc. 5. ci that; keciri where; kecisot; 3. kacu!? to bargain; khaf,acuk to id.; cithay like that; ciihaihe- calculate; khamacuk to think thuy identical; cipa that one; over; 'acul: market study done ciri there; cirikh» that much; before purchasing something; ciso"tjthat side. 'a-I,acuk calculation, arrangement; -raycuk market study made before 6. phara"tjaci upper garment. purchasing cows etc. ci 1. raljd straw of millet; renci 4. khal.acuk to divide into shares. straw of paddy after thrashing. cull 1. !?acit'fl to turn with a steady 1. khamacik to wash hands. cik motion ( spinning top) ; !?hamacuf) to be full of liquids; 1. kacilj to be modest. ci'f) to swell up; kaCU1i?acaymajority; 2. lzhetecit, to freeze. kecuikhs numerous; merewcu- 'f)thay bells tied to the ankle 3. ci"tjta peacefully. while dancing. 4. morciukehav to be very musty or mouldy. cut 1. khemecu: to come to be true as a prediction. 5. sakeca, to do continuously from the previous day itself; thay· 2. khemecut to put a mark. l?(}cilj to see from the previous 1. 1,ahutcun gray colour. day itself. cun elf} 1. kact'fl kind of oil seed. cup 1. !?acup to work in darkness. cit 1. khemecit to scold, threaten. cum 1. kacum to be secluded (paddY cin 1. kacin to dislike an engaged girl. field ). 2. kacum to dip. 2. khamacin to control and give advice. 3. cum big bamdoo pot to keep paddy; sacum basket used to cir 1. kecir to have taken enough keep meat; masaywaycum big drinks; kha1.acir to urinate; wooden vessel used to store kakacir to be too much (raining rice. etc. ); cirpot; urinal; cirpay human excrement; cuy 1. !?acuy to burn; burning fire. 2. aiscir frozen object. cuy 1. kecuy to dig. 1. mecu colour. cu 2. kh(Jljacuy to spread out (creeper). cuk 1. k(Jcuk to be brave. 3. k(Jkacuy to follow someone. -

TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 13

4. acuy small pieces, bits; acuy axe --' it b~comes short when aruy odds and ends. worn out. 5. raycuy mist. . cot 1. kacotto be tired; kecicot to make 6. saycuy wild cow. someone tired. cuy 1. kacUY to be high; samcuy heighest wall in a house. con 1. kha'fjaeo to serve food; to help in work.

cur 1. kecur to have a boil. 2. khemeco« to cut steps; aeon footprints; sorcon small road em 1. l.ecuc to tumble down (pile of (old path). '\ firewood ). 3. kecon cloth; con tap piece of 2. 'kakacw to enumerate (popul- cloth; contheyrus ends of threads ation) , tied together into knots at the 3. acta today; actakum this year. end of a cloth; connep piece ,of cloth; conphor hem of' cloth; 4. zeymeau pointed iron bit of a conmerey ends of a cloth; con- spear. way manner of wearing a cloth; eonsisay rags; wick; consakhaui ceil 1. reiceuhom earthen cup to drink bag; consan border of a cloth; rice beer etc. eonher ma ner of WEaring a 2. re'f)ee'f) thin layer of moss left cloth; simconruvko» property. behind by a C'ecreasing stagnant 4. -con elder sister belonging to water. a -royal family.

co 1. keco to be blighted; to have cop 1. cihorcop charming sight. spare time; khemeco to be hollowed, ( tree); kakaco to be 2. khorcop lake. empty; akeco empty, blighted; aieco spare time; khuyco empty com 1. kha'1)aeom to walk in water Or beehieve; naco dried leaves; mud. simco empty house. cor 1. kecor to think oneself to be 2. mecorta spitton. very big. 3. rsmco forest. 4 zsymeco pointed iron bit of a cor 1. kecor to dissolve; khemecor to spear. make wet; kekecor to cook something to make it soft; akecor co 1. aco size of a grain. ways of cooking to make things soft; kacorkasi certain grains 2. aco paddy that remains over that cannot be boiled properly. after the third husking. 2. khemecor to SPIt.

coll 1. kaco'fj to stretch one's neck; 3. akecor very strict in transactions khemecot; to be long as a new as in getting money back. 14 D. N. S. BRAT ,

tak 1. katak to get more amount by neath while cutting wood etc. ; decieving. akfJtan log kept underneath while cutting firewood; thick 2. katak to: roll over; to iron cloths; folded cloth kept on the shoulder kacitak to send down; atak ways while carrying loads; aY)atan of ironing cloths; aciisl: dropp- padding of cloth used in carrying down or sending down; ing loads; ihicien log of wood ruuek cut in the edge of a paddy kept underneath while cutting field to allow water to flow off. firewood. / 3. kha'fJatak to work by shift system; 3. aten. bundle of thatch; bunch of khamatak to have an interval flowers; semten lock of hair. ametek. interval, distance; a'fjatak between two points (place or 4. tmt()k time when people go to time ); metekreke intermittent; work or come back from work. tantak time when people go to 5. tensop kind of sop basket. work or come back from work. 4. satel: place where animals are bn 1. a'fjatan money paid to get back usually found to come. a pawned object. 5. nayt()kkahay to feel a hard thing while stepping; martUtakk· tap 1. katap to be slow. eha» to feel a hard thing while 2. k()tap to repair as a table; digging with a spade; -tektekk- kacitap to cause to repair; ak

2. k()tar] to be clean ( table). t;) T 1. katay to put earth on a bamboo wall; to apply colour; kuyt(}y 3. krJkrJta'f] to call animals from a turban. distance,

2. kat(}y to be a stranger, guest; ta''l 1. ketat; to be scarce. kha1,(}trJY to be different. 2. khemeiat; to fix planks for 3. krJk()t()y to decieve; to be evasive; flooring; tarjr()Tj shelf. har1t()yk()hay to say by mistake; 3. tat; part of a village or city; -taT] -t()yt()yk()hay id. ( more neighbourhood. emphatic ). tan 1. ketan to study for a purpose; to tar 1. khrJ'fjrJt()r to be straight; to be earn; to get money sanctioned. strong; ateter straight. 2. khetstan to bend down to give 2. kh()'fjrJtrJr to boil up; krJk()t()r to or lift someone. make sound continuously. khrJf,rJtap 3. 'f)(}wat()rk()hay to be very thin. tap 1. to be very soft or weak. 2. khafJ()tap to be careless of one's ta 1. keta to go down (on land); life. s()k()ta appearence; to make to 3. kh(}f)rJtap to wash one's face; fall by blowing. khrJmrJtap -id. ,-- 2. khenia fishing net; khanta 4. 'fl"phittapkrJhay to hit arid make fishing basket. flat; sirtapk()hay to box and 3. tarot: wooden plateform in front make flat. of a house. tam 1. kh()f,()iam to blossom; atetam ta 1. ',()trt to be far; tate far away. flower.

tak 1. k()tak to come down and pick tay 1. k()tay to be extra; khrJmrJtay up (birds). to increase, multiply; akrJtay ramnent, 2. katak to box; khrJ'fj(}tak to 2. khrJ'fjrJtay to grind; ma'fjtay flat collide; a'fjrJtak place where two rice. roads meet.

3. krJtak to serve ( drinks); ruttak tar 1. ketar to be of extraordinary size the act of pouring wine, liquor (especially the mouth). etc. 2. hetar to take interest on money 4. khemetak to kill worms as in lent; khemetar to give interest paddy field by putting poison; on money borrowed; kectiar id.; amstak poison for worms in a aketar interest; aiar id.; ametar paddy field. id. D. N. S. BHAT 16 ..! • .,- 3. khereta» to make flat rice; tim 1. ktJktJtim to tuck in r anetar flatrice. tuk 1. ktJtuk to catch (hen etc.); keci- taw 1. -taui friend. tuk to cause to catch. 2. ktJtul? to press one's shoulder ti 1. ktJktJti to crush potato with a with hand:' khtJ'f)tJtuk to wrestle. wooden stick. 3. khtJTJtJtuk te husk paddy together 2. meti four; htJTJmtJti forty. ( two persons).

3. reyti greenish sticky mud. 4. mtJruetukk()hay to feel blunt while digging; satukktJhay to tik 1. khtJTJtJtil? to be very clean and feel blunt while doing. smart. tu'l} 1. k()tun to be separated from parents after marriage; keciua; id. ti'll 1. ktJtfn to cut into pieces. 2. katull to get down from bed; 1. ktJtiTJ to soak (seeds etc.): to ktJcitU'f) to cause to get down put flowers in a flower pot. from the bed.

2. ktJktJtin to stretch out. 3. katuYj to be fresh and tender ( vegetables ). 3. ntJptiTj mucus ( very thin). 4. tUTj upper portion; atut, above; 4. ktJktJti"f] to ring ( bell ). north; atu'f~o'~ on higher place; 5. --1ItJtin marrow. simtu'(J top of the roof.

6. 11"mitil1ktJhay to be very dark; TjtJyatiTjktJhay to be late in the tu'l night. tun 1. atun downhill, ziiJtunwo evening star; zitltun west; sun- tit 1. ktJktJtit to be crushed inbetween; set; zimiktun west; puntaruntun aktJtit an object crushed in- dense and dark ( forest). between two things. 2. thtJytitktJhay to see clearly; tup 1. kaktJtup to pound chilly; aktJtup khUmtitktJhay to cover tightly; powder (of chilly etc. ) hoktitkeha» to tie tightly. tum 1. kotum to be furtiJe ( soil ). tin 1· ktJtin to gather together (armey 2. kotum to be full (as a place full etc. ). of mosquitos).

2. tin spade; tinphd handle of 3. k()tum to sink in mud or water spade; time cut made by a unexpectedly. small spade on the ground. turn 1. katitm to have sufficient salt in tip 1. k()tiP to fold (cloth). the curry, rim 1. ktJtim to sprout (plants during tuy 1. khamatuy to come out (tender spring season ). fruit ). TANKHUR NAGAVOCABULARY 17

tuv 1. katuy to run away from the tew 1. katew to be small, low. house (girl); kacituy to make arrangements for marriage. to 1. keto to prick.

2. tuy word; khamatuy to speak; 2. khemeto to be the upper one; -tuy language; ametuy speech: ato upper; torem two-storied tuyar sentence; tuykhur word; house; tosi wick of a lamp. tuythar news; tuynap satisfying words; tuypa letter; tuypau: tok 1. ak(}tok brain; kUY1J(}tok id. news; tUYP/4'fjdictionary; tuypo'f) khatok phlegm. main point; tuyru'f) idea; tuyca sentence; tuvhan ways of spea- 2. haYjtokkahay to say partly, with- king; tuyhaw cause; tuyr(}ytuyra out finishing; t(}mtokkahay to all sorts of suits (in court); learn partly; patokk(}hay to read mirU'fjtuy rumour; cancemtuy partly; satokk(}hay to do without proverb; kO'fjratuyyon echo. earlier preparation.

3. situy thin type of sand. t6'f} 1. kato'fj to get interest.

tur 1. runturkahay to be very warm; to'l 1. keton to be whole. sikturk(}hay to be very cold; 2. -hato'fj navel. -turturkahay id. (more emphatic ). 3. yarso'f)tO'fjkahay to be very frank; maho'fjto'fjk(}hay to be very nack- 2. kh(}yipkak(}tur to wink quickly' ed; ni'fjm01jto'f)k(}hay to be very y(}pkakatur to strike quickly; doubtful. khayitkak(}tur to swing quickly. 4. thirtot; baby food of rice tw 1. katw, to cut down tree etc.; tw,hay powder. sugercane. toll 1. kat(m to sit as on horse back; te 1. kate to be small. to carryon head. tek 1. katek to break (intr.); kha1jatek 2. kato'f) to swell up; to curve up; to break one another's stick khaYj(}t01) to come up as the ( in dancing); kecitek to break hump on the shoulder of the ( tr.); atek broken pieces of bullock; a'fj(}tOfj hump of the wood. bullock.

2. kham(}tek to be green. tot 1. ketot to mix together.

te'l} 1. ketet; to be low (as in a meadow). 2. kakatot to hurry; matuytotk(}hay to say half-half; satotkahay to tern 1. katem to forget the good things do half-half. done by others. ton 1. keton to be inferior. 2. khemetem to be unaccustomed to speak; wurtem philosophy. 2. aton top, tip; atonmerey peak. 18 D. ?T. S. BHAT tom 1. ketom to beg for advice, inst- crowing (hen ); akethen. shaking , ructions etc.; keketom. to support, off dust from the cloth. encourage; to put manure for 2. zi'f)than dawn; zirjthanwo a tree. morning star. toy 1. katoy to get accustomed. thap 1. kathap to lop off; athap ways of chopping branches. tor 1. ketor to overspill; kakator to put over the level of measuring 2. kharwthap to wink often. basket ( grain etc .); aksior grain 3. khar,athap to be energetic; put over the level of measuring r,awathaPkahay to be very thin basket. and light. 2. kha'f)ator to have boils (due to fire ). tham 1 kethem to throw; kha'fjatham to throw at one another. 3. naptor mucus (thick ); ator clotted blood. 2. khemethem to gather twigs etc. from a place where a tree was tho 1. keth» to be skillful in doing a cut; am atham ramnents (grains). work; kethene leader; saykatha to be able to eat quickly;saketh», 3. kakatham to trample. to be able to do quickly. 4. then» money or property saved by parents to be given to a girl thak 1. kathak to get collected as snow, after her marriage. dried leaves etc. 2. khemsthek' to be notorious. th~y 1. khamatl't~y to chop off.

3. kakathak to kick; akathak end of 2. -parjthay arm. bed where one keeps the leg. thay 1. kathay to see; kacith~y to show. tha'l 1. katha'f) to dawn; day; ather; after 2. sawkhar,athay to beat one some time; khanitha'f)su'f) two another; ha'f)kha'f)athay to days afer tomerrow. express one another; phakha'f)a- \ 2. khemethst; to have a strong thay to search one another. desire for fighting etc. 3. khamathay to bear fruit; athay 3. -r.awortha'f) two parties having fruit; athayaray various kinds of the same score ( draw). fruits; athayrue juice of fruit; athayrzU hard seed of fruit; that 1. kathat to kill; kha'f)athat to kill kaythay market; mothey banana; one another; to defeat one mathay time when paddy plant another; kacithat to make to is compietely ripe; ph<1ythay leg kill; athet ways of killing. muscle; atheyrta knots tied at the edge of a cloth (ends of than 1. kakathan to shake off dust from threads); meretocunthe» bells the cloth; to flap wings before tied to the ankle while dancing; TANKFlUR NAGA VOCABULARY

k(}sikth(}y horripulation; the» 2. kethat; to wear a sword, knife f hailstone; contheyrta ends of etc. ; thaY)thaY) property; threads tied together into knots simthaY)thay) furniture, utensil at the edge of a cloth. etc.

4. -the» relative; ath(}yar(}y rela- 3. msthat; step; shelf; storey. tives; wutth(}y relationship from the woman's side-like mother, than 1. k(}thdn to lead. wife etc. 2. kh(}1j(}than to get stuck up 5. th(}ysUt born immediately after. ( pieces) ; arothat; hooks in a basket to fix the straps. 6. cath(}y blood. than 1. kethan to become public th~y 1. k(}thay to be diverted (road). (secrecy) ; kh(}'f/athan to disperse 1. bth(}r to be clean; to be holy. as after a meeting; kekethan to become public; to be scattered. 1. k(}th?Jrto be new; tuyth(}r news. tbcr 2. khemethan to be happy. 1. k(}thd to send out of a village (as a punishment). thap 1. k(}thap to ferment; khemeihap id.: k(}cithap to cause to ferment; ameihap fermentation ( rice tha 1. ketha to be similar; khemetha beer) . to be beautiful; kecitha to make similarly; cithath(}thuy identical; thay 1. ketha» to be hungry; zsmthakhs measure of length from thumb to ringfinger. 2. khemetha» to scrape off grass with a spade. 2. ketha to nail. 3. cithay like that; hithay like this. 3. atha seed; miktha eyeball; monsktha small object; meyiha 4. sabetha» to work continuously; burning cinders. to eat continuously; pik(}thay to sleep continuously. 1. sathak(}hay to finish off extra work; saythak(}hay to finish off 1. k(}thay to shoot arrow. extra food. 2. k(}thay to filJup wine etc. in a gourd pot. thak 1. bthak to be quick, fast; Yj(}thorthakwUt early morning. thar 1. amethar pieces of meat kept aside for sacrifice. 2. k(}thak to support; k(}cithak to make to support. 1. kakathtiw to be in a hurry. 3. thak row. thaw 1. kethaso to be fat; khemethau: to than 1. kethat; to smell as an animal's make fat; keciihau: id.; athaw body. fat; thaw1n(}y lamp; sathato fat; 20 D. N. S. BltAT

hoksathaui pig's fat; ruahaio log that is being cut; thil]ptU • dirty layer on the surface of place where people usually cut stagnant water. firewood; thitiphun. time for cutting firewood; thi'IPh&n logs 2. thaw wire. of wood tied to a trunk of tree 1. thaw duty. for carrying it; thinrenuia» beam for sawing; thi'flhun peg; thi 1. k&thi to tuck in; kh&'fl&thi to get 1'mythil] firewood; zemthiti stuck up as a piece of vegetable wooden tube; simthillui in the teeth. materials for building a house; thiTlnay ha different kinds of 2. athi bile. plants, vegetables etc. thi 1. k&thi to die; kethiri poison;kethi- k&sam kind of feat done in thit 1. kecithi: to make to kill; honour of dead persons; 'j&thiray mithitkhu« an act that will cause small mutiny. harm to others; athit last day of the moon (day before the 2. athi after; thisu« born immedi- new moon day). ately after. thip 1. h&rthip place where hen lays thik 1. k&thik to select. eggs; athip nest; shell; s thiP place where animals usually 2. k&k&thik to jerk. -c, stay. 3. methil: chest. thir 1. k&k&thir to tremble.- 4. sathik bile. 2. mathir rice beer; ttiirtot; baby thill 1. ksthit; to stop the flow of water food of rice powder. in a riever. thuk 1. k&thuk to sow seeds in a small 2. kethit; to choose. squire ground; kh&Tj&thukto sow 3. kh&TJ&thi'lto enquire. one another's seeds; k&cithuk to cause to sow seeds in a small 4. kh&m&thiTj to be transparent. ground. 5. thil]kh& thousand. 2. k&thuk to be strong; to be deep. 6. smthil]ra lower garment (women ). 3. kh&m&thuk to wake up from sleep; to know one's Own posi-. 7. thit; tree; thitikesami axe-man; tion, thil]k&hatmi saw-man; thiYjko hollow in a tree; thiljkhol] thun 1. saythuT,k&hay to feel something wooden plate; thil]khoram as an effect of eating; menihu- wooden cup for rice beer; l,k&hay to feel something as an thil,t&n log of wood kept under effect of drinking; sathufJk&hay while cutting; thilJt&p piece of to feel something as an effect of wood kept to stop shaking of a doing. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 21

thut 1. athut revenge. thet to tuck in flowers in the button hole. 2.• morthutkeha» to be very musty or mouldy; -thutthutkahay id. then 1. khemethen to dry; keciihe« to (more emphatic). cause to dry; ruahen ways of drying up water. thun 1. kathun to fill up; to collect (properties etc.); khemethun to serve rice beer. thep 1. athep upper part of small intestine. thum 1. keihum. three; thumra thirty. them 1. kat hem to be learned; them art; thuy 1. kathuy to leave. themsek id. 2. kethu» to wake up from sleep. 2. khemsthem to smoothen. 3. kathuy to grow (plants, grass etc.); rutthuy marshy place; thew 1. kakathew to fry in oil (curry); khamathuy to own some akeiheui roasting. property. tho 1. kath6 to tuck in (firewood); thur 1. kathur to be sour. mayth6 pieces of wood used for starting fire. 2. kethur to get angry. 2. kakathO to be shook while riding thur 1. kathUe to bale out water; kha'fj{}- on horse-back. . thUe to wash the head ( women). tho 1. ketho to eat well; to feel full in 2. khiJ'jathzit to exchange. the stomuch; keketho to tuck in mud just near the nest inside a thui 1. kethi« to pay the penalty for rat's hole; saihokeha» to be very breaking one's promise. thick. 2. kiJkathm to shake a burning log of wood to make it burn well; 2. arutdho middle finger; may tho largest feather in the tail of a khaJ~ath~uto move. bird. 3. mathui young paddy plant found in dry ground. thok 1. kuythok dandruff.

the 1. uonthe decoration. thoq 1. kethot; to build a wall. thek 1. kathek to look sideways, steal- 2. khaTjathol] to remind (someone) thily; acithek corner. kakathoTj id. theq 1. kethet; to dry (Intr, ) 3. that; a big bridge.

2. atheti areti various kinds of thot 1. kethot to bum a house. ornaments. 2. kethot to gore a man with horns; thet 1. kethet to tuck in flowers on the khemetho! to wake up someone holes of door, wall etc.; kha'fjiJ- from sleep; keciihot id, (

22 D. N. S. BHAT

3. kecithot to arrange for the aYjanap skillful; tuynap satis- , marriage of a daughter; acithot fying words; connep piece of send off given to a married cloth. daughter. 3. naptiYj mucus (thin); napkuy 4. rutthoi current of water. mucus (thick); neptor mucus (very thick). 5. -thot generation; yarthot id. 6 ruuthot temple (body part ). nam 1. khenem to press, push; to seal.

thon 1. raython to sprout (a tree that 2. kha'ianam to smell; arenem is cut off ). smell. 3. kakhanam to grope in darkness. thorn 1. ksthom to spread out with newly grown sprouts as a tree that is 4. nem kind of big snake. cut; athom sprout; nathom leaves growing nicely in a branch. nom 1. khanam to dishonour. 2. kakhanam to evade paying back thor 1. kethor to overflow (while debts by Iling lies. boiling ); to overgrow. 2. kherethor to go early in the D~Y 1. khanfJy to talk ill of others. morning without breakfast; thorte early; Yjathor morning; 1. khanay to win~. YjathorthakwUt early morning. 2. khaYja~ay to be hard (water); 3. akethor unreal, untrue. aY.anay dirty things found on the surface of stagnent water. thor 1. kathor to be early. 3. khaYjanay to be oily; anay oily. nek 1. khamanak to be smooth and shiny; kakhanak to be already 4. kekhene» to burn down grass used ( as a new cloth); akh~unak surrounding a house or rice powder (of rice etc.); menektha fileld. smooth object. 5. kaphanay to be prohibited from 1. khemsner; to be dense (forest). working on certain festival occations. 2. kakhanaYj to be sad, tired. 6. khanay leaves of date tree. 1. khensn to stop water from flowing out (as in a paddy nar 1. khener to imprison (animals field); kakhanan to block leaking etc. )llhaYjaniJr to stick; aYjanar water in a paddy field; akhenen sticking object; kasinar to cause blockage, stoppage of water. to imprison (animals); niJrSim cage. 1. khanap to be subordinate; anap bribary ( fruits, objects etc. ) 2. khemener to be very active. 2. khanap to mend (broken arti- 3. kakhanar to level up floor by cles); kha'janap to be skillful; pounding. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 23 -

na 1. khaYjana to listen; to be obidient. 1. khanay to knead.

2. ana leaf; motna leaf of banana; naw 1. khenaui to be the last one; to be nathom leaves growing nicely in behind; khaTJanaw to be fresh; ~ big branch; naco dried leaves. =naui young one; h(}rnawchicken thiunanaha different kinds of miknaw pupil (of the eye); plants and vegetables. nauit» next time; nawkharuy 3. natan nose; namek one having baby blanket; naweera offspring; a flat nose; narenrut nose-rope natopem woumb; nawpu"lj iv. of a buffelo. 'fjasotnaw friend; remnaui people, belonging to a territory; unamaio 4. panakeha» to read too much; prince; uiahotmau: lower people, metmakeha» to drink too much; common man; cmauniera bro- saynakahay to eat too much; thers; cinawni children of the hakkhana to be too big; teuikhena same parents; saYjnaw dynasty, to be too small; hUfjkhana to be lineage; semnaio illegally born too red. child; seynau: calf (general); seymuknaui calf (cow's); htanaui nak 1. katokkakhanak to cut into pieces; puppy; kazaynaw people living in saykakhanak to chew into hell; kholjnayn'ttw neighbour; pieces; makaykakhanak to bite makcinaui two clans which are into pieces; marutkakhanak to closely related due to a number peck into pieces. of marriages. na1'l 1. khemenat; to be very active. 2. kharj&naw to bok after, nourish. nat 1. khsmenat to mix together (people etc. ); amenat mixture. ni 1. khani to be full moon; a"fjani full moon. nan 1. khenan to have good dresses, rich house etc. 2. khaYjani to be less steep (roof). 3. kaphani to be prohibited to nap 1. khanap to put planks etc. to work on· days of ·calamity. form a wall. 4. khani two; cinawni children of nam 1. khenam to borrow money' the same parents; zerpani bro- kasinam to lend money; nam- thers and sisters; kh(}ni thaYjaSulj khum» debter. two days after tomorrow.

2. nampho jacket made of date ni'l} 1. kharj&nin to stand; to be proud; leaves to protect oneself from kakhani'fj to keep erect. rain. 2. kasinilj to have darkened blood nay 1. khantiy to snatch. ( as in a place where something has hit.) nay 1. khena» to be near; kharjantiy id; khotinaynau: neighbour. 3. kaphanilj to wish; to think; -niti mind; navven test; niljay manner 2. anay the afterbirth. of looking, walking etc.; niYj· 3. cinaypan brown. khan liberty; nilJphun memory; 24 D. N. S.BRAT

niYJPhum manner of looking etc.; 2. kakhanuy to mix togther ( solid niutorer: day dreaming; nit/sat things); akhanuy mixture. manner, style; niYJhan test. , nuy 1. khamanuy to be sticky. 4. miknit; eye guesture. 2. anuy fresh, young, tender; nill 1. khaYJaniYJto spin, rotate (coin, anuyzon very tender; sanuy top etc. ); kakhanz'rJ to roll down soft part of a body - as the ( stone). flesh growing on a cut. 2. kakhamYJ to pretend. , nuy 1. khanuy to be tame; kaSinuy to nit 1. akhenit chopped objects. tame; kaphanuy to tame. 2. nitra small festival; nitray big 2. khemenu» to rub into a ball festival; phanit festival. ( dirt, paper etc. ). 3. aYJanit full moon. mir 1. khanur to be annoyed. nip 1. khamanip to be systematic. 1. khanur to rub against a stone; nim 1. khanim to be humble. nur to brush with stone while bath- 2. khanim to be wet and soft ing; kharjanur to wriggle in ( as earth under a shadow); order to escape, kaphanim to cool something by keeping it under a shadow. nm 1. l

2. kakh-anem to drizzle. 4. sapak(} a bold single animal.

1. khenem to control one's anger. 1. kapafj to be strong; pa'fjsap ability, capasity. ner 1. saynerkahay to chew once and find a stone; saynerkeha» to eat 2. kakapa'fj to select; kapa'(lkuy once and find a stone. choise.

new 1. khanew to apply medicine; to 1. kapaf) to be fat, healthy; to be smear; khaYjanew to mix toge- good (seed - not blighted ). ther (solid); kakhanew id. 1. khafjapat to be short; Yjahunpat no 1. khemeno to be elastic; kakhano half ( of stick, rope etc. ). to bend and straighten one's knee ( as in dancing ). 2. kakapat to cook rice very much; akapa~overcooked rice; saypatk- 2. kakhano to link up; akheno (jhay to eat completely; sapatka- joint ( of limbs etc. ). hay to do completely. 3. kano small room. 3. kacipat to insult; to decieve. 4. akhano tune. 4. ~aypatkahay to break off sudd- ook 1. anok inner part of a split enly when "One steps on an bamboo. object; siYjpatkahay to break off suddenly when one holds a thing; no'l 1. kakhano'f) to hang down (as the patpatkahay id. (more emph- edge of a bed-sheet or hem of atic). a sari). p~n 1. kapfm to blame. 2. huykha'f¥Jno'fJ to go here and there and make late; raykhafjanoYj to go here and there bargaining 1. kapan to be obstructed; to be in the market. absent; kakapan to push in coins in a narrow money belt; pan not 1. khenenot to be dense. wall; raypan fort.

nom 1. khenom to take help as in writ- 1. kapam to sit; kacipam to make ing letters etc. to sit; -pem seat; apam place; L bottom of a tree; (l'fwPam; 1. kapak to sprout. source; nawpem womb; cihiM- 2. kakap

2. kapay to have the exact amount par} 1. kapaf} to take farewell. of money. 2. khafjapaf} to get stuck up (as a 3. khafjapay to collect; to earn; kite to a tree); pa'f]raf} twigs. kakapay to store provisions. 3· -pa'f] hand; pa'f]kat giving out 4. kakapay to look around. shares by measuring with the 5. -pay liver. hand; -pa'f]khuk elbow;-pa'f]thay arm; -paf}maya plam; -patimeret; 1. kakapay to check up. finger; -panmeca« knots of the pa'f]yd 2. kapay soon. finger; little finger; ~ -pa'f]ri'f]k6r nail; PfIflri'f]kO index finger; pt:tf)WUt thumb; pa'fjsin par 1. kapar to put. ~andle; pfIflsinkha handful (flow- 2. kapar to place a finger for er etc.):" pa'fJhomkha handful measurement; to take a handful; ( rice); wuypa'f] left hand; kacipar to catch with nails campafJ; persons with unlucky ( tiger ); apar ways of taking hand:to start a work. food; par finger-breadth. , pan 1. -pan complection ; cinaypan pa 1. kapa piece of bamboo. brown. pa 1. kapa to read; apa number; tuypa pan 1. :kapan to rule; to manage a house. letter. 2. kha'f]apan to spread (creeper). 2. kacipa to make to fear. 3. maypa spark. pam 1. ketam to bend oneself; khaf}apam to pick up quickly and 4. raypa mud near the house found greedily (fruits). during rainy season. 2. kakapam to play in water (baby). 5. cipa that one; hipa this one; zarpani brother and sister. , pay 1. kapay to go to stool; cirpay 6. khompa mat. human excrement; apay rust; 7. pasi kind of a headwear. pay excrement; paypo'f] latrine; yampay moss; saypay cowdung; 1. kapa to be mad. saypaykw, insects of cowdung; 2. kapa to split ( bamboo ). saypayphu'f] place where cowdung is stored. pak 1. kapak to be broad; apak breadth. pay 1; kapay to be easy; to be possible 2. kapak to branch out (tree); to do; saykapay to have the kha'fjapak id.; fIflapak branching permission to eat; za'f]kapay to out; pdkr1J forked tree; pakrut have the permission to enter. 'tANKIIUR NAGA VOCABULARY 27

2. khaTjajJay to take by force; to 4. thaypiTjkahay to have seen claim; kacipay to do something earlier; saPiTjkahay to have . without the superiors' knowledge heard earlier; Yjaranpirjkahay to or permission. have prepared earlier. 3. pay bulbous root; apay edible root. pir 1. pirpay marshy place. 4. -payphon stomuch. puk 1. kapuk to apply heat for a swelling. 1. kapay to make high jump.

2; kapay to be shallow; pirpay pu'f} 1. kClpuTj to be blighted ( fruit ). marshy place. 2. aput; main part; arjaPU1l foundation; tuypu1) dictionary; par 1. kepar to decay or rot (wood); nauiina; womb; ntupur; udder. kecipar to cause to rot; apar rotton wood etc. 3. cipuYjanthill.

2 car,cipar person of weak and put 1. kakaput to pluck out ( as a pulp lazy manner. of iackfruit ): akaput plucking; haput time for the teeth to fall paw 1. khayJapaw to stutter. off ( in a child);' nayputkahay to slip in leg while walking; 2. kharjapaw to be crowded. --si"putkahay to slip in as a stick 3. tuypaw news; canpaw id. while holding;-putputkClhay id. (more emphatic). pi 1. RaPi to sleep; pikhawayka bed room; hamkapi bed sheet, mat; pun 1. kClpun to be just about to fall. kaPikapam life one has enjoyed 2. puntaruntun dense and dark or is enjoying. forest; punrun marshy place 2. khaYlapi to carry a bag or with densly growing grass and basket hung on the shoulder plants. sideways. pum 1. kapum to sit on eggs ( hen ). 3. k(}k(}pi to write. 2. kepum to bend ( paddy plants 4. Pi October. when full of paddy); kharjapum to fall upon one another; 5. cipi devil. ranpum thrashing floor, pik 1. kakapik-to tell ,a lie. 3, kakapum to mutter. pi'll 1. kaPiTj to be brave. 4. 'f';ahunpum half (of distance); Sipum space between the 2. api'f} outer part of a spilt shoulder blade and ribs. bamboo. , 3. hU1)Pi1)very red. pum 1. kapUm to be a new moon day, 28 D. N. S. BHAT puy 1. kapuy to be full (of solid peVj 1. kho'l)pe'fj wooden plate. things ..); kha'fjapuy to be 2. saYPelj scattered everywhere; kacipuy to rope used to tie cow etc. fill ( grain ). pet 1. kha'fjapet to be soft; petphut 2. kha'~apuy to fly in a group broom made of smooth grass; (bees ). naypetkahay to break off while 3. kakapuy to turn this way and stepping; takpetkahay to break that way (as eyes of a sick off while falling. person). 2. kecipe: to put in bed; ape: place . 4. kacipuy to evade capture. where one usually sleeps;petkuy head of a cot. 5. sutpuy kind of big dove. pur 1. kapur to come out slightly ( as pen 1. kepen to be satisfied; kecipen to a sprout). set free ( cow etc.). 2. kakapur to search without pem 1. 'kapem to be full (of liquid); seeing (as inside mud or kacipem to fill. water' ). 3. kacipur to dip in and remove 2;.. kepem narrow plank of wood water with a gourd vessel. used in weaving. pro 1. kapUt to fall off. pew 1. kepeu: to be energetic (bull). pm 1. kha'r,aput to put off,( fire ). 2. kha'fjapew to be blind. 2. kakapzu to be easy to do 3. kakapew to search here and something; retkeketn« to be there. easy to pluck. po 1. kepo to ask, beg. 3. khortn« kind of vessel to drink rice beer; hemtna hampay 2. kha'fjapo to dash against; to thr- earthenware. ash (paddy); sakekeio to do something and destroy; sirkakapo 4. ti'fjput place where usually to box and destroy; kathakkakapo people cut firewood. to kick and destroy.

1. kapUt to sit on a branch (bird). 3. apo single grain ( as of rice ).

2. kha'flapUt to have a number of 4. ri'fjpo kind of ant making nests scars. like that of bees. pek 1. saypekkahay to finish off eating 5. 'fjapitkakapo to hammer continu- by taking someone's help; ously; Sawkakapo to beat contin- phapekkahay to finish off uously. pluking by taking someone's help. pok TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 29

2. kh

phoy 1. kaphfJy to earn; kaciphfJy to cause 1. khet.epon to get entangled (stri- pon to earn. ngs ). 2. -phfJy leg;-phaykuk ankle; pha- pop 1. kakapop to roast; akapop roasted ykathak leg of a cot; phaykom ( fish etc. ). pieces of skin tied to the leg ( in fighting); phaythay leg muscle; 2. ha'fJpopkahay to bepartly cooked; phaynatafjr'lU legbone;phaymara saypopkahay to be partly eaten; lower side of a foot, pheymerei, sapopkakhy to be partly done. toes; phaymacan knots of the toes; phaymaci heel; phaymik1Zu round bone of the ankle; phaycak pom 1. kho'japom to spread out (tree step ( in dancing); phayhon piece due to newly grown sprouts ). of skin tied around the leg (in 2. raypom spade-full of earch. fighting); camplJ.ay persons with unlucky limbs to start a work; 3. watpom silk cotton. khamofjphay hole in which the 30 D. N. S. BHAT

door turns (lower );phaykam phak 1. kaphak to split by pulling. upper garment; phayphir id.: khofjphay wooden plate with phaYl 1. kha'qaphafj to get stuck up. legs: maphay roots etc. of a 2. aphat; branch. paddy plant. phay 1. khaqaphay to discuss. phat 1. kaphat to release (as stagnent water from a tank); napha: -the 2.. phay September. place where water is usually 3. ijaPhay December. released from a paddy field. 4. ramphay field with a cooler ph an 1. kaphan to spread (roots of a 'climate. plant); khar;aphan id. (oil On water); aphiin oil spreading out 1. kaphay to shift. on water; ar,aphan id. 2. kap~ay to narrate ( story). 2. karkaurphan cobweb. phcr 1. kaphar to stab; to throw a spear; kha1japhar to throw spear at one 1. hamphapkahay to be very flat; another or one after another. cfJmphapkahay to be very old. phar 1. phar height. pham 1. apham. handful. 2. zatpharkahay to find it difficult 2. pham snow. to walk due to the absence of practice; sapharkahay to find it phay 1. kaphay to keep a share, difficult to do something due to 2. khaqaphay to spread out ( cree- absence of practice. per). pMr 1. kaphar to spread skin by pressing it down ( as in removing phar 1. khar1aphar to have a skin dise- the pus). ase.

phaw 1. kephau: to be famous;-phawa 1. kaphd to be good; saykaphti to phi lover. be tasty to eat; thuyk~phd to be easy to grow; thaykaphri to 2. khaTjaphaw to wave; to flow in be easy to see. ripples.

2. tinphd handle of a spade; hapha 3. karkawphaw cobweb. handle of an axe. phi 1. kaphi to fill up( hole ); to mend; pha - 1. kapha to search. khafjaphi to be a very narrow 2. pharatiaci upper garment. hole.

1. kapha to pluck (fruit). 2. kaphi to pay a fine for breaking a marriage agreement. 2. kapha to be sufficient for one person (load). 3. ,aphi muscle, flesh. TANKHUR l'fAGA VOCABULARY 31 phi 1. kaph' to filter. lifting a load; to send; -phun load; phunkhrt one man-load. phiYJ 1. phaphiTjkahay to search in vain; honphiTjkrthay to wait in vain. 2. thiTjphun time for carrying firewood. phit 1. khrt'fWPhit to hammer. phun 1. k(}phun to dig a field which phin 1. krtphin to block a leak; khrt'rwPhin was cultivated earlier; ni11phun to get stopped by itself (aleak ). memory. phir 1. phrtyphirupper garment. 2. khrtljaphttn to take revenge. phu 1. maYPhu kind of vessel to .keep phup 1. krtkaphup to burst out as when burning charcoal. water is poured on hot ashes. 2. prtmphupk(}hay to sit for along phuk 1· kakaphuk to bubble up ( as boiling water ). ' time; piphupkrthay to sleep for a long time. phun 1. krtphuTj to carry; keciPhuYl to phum 1. krtphum to boil. make to carry. 2. krtPhu'fj hill; krtphuTjkapha hills 2. aphum growth as of an animal; and mountains. niTjphuni:manner of looking etc.

3. krtrphuTj sweepings, refuse. phum 1. krtphum to burry coins, potato 4. phuTj drum. etc.; khrt1jrtphum to sink.

5. mrtyphu'f) oven; rrtnpJiuTj the phuv 1. krtPhuy to expose (cloth, paddy). place where wealth is hidden; SimphuTj place for building a phu» 1. krtphur to peel the skin of a house; srtypayphuTj place where plantain, tree. cowdung isstored; phu'f)srtrwarm place just above the hearth to 2. krtphur to uproot; khaTjrtphur to dry paddy etc.; sanphuTj lucky be uprooted by wind etc.; aphur place where, if one lives, will ways of uprooting. become rich. 3. -phur abdomen. 6. mikphuTj eyebrow. phm 1. krtphw, to sacrifice. 7. phu'f)ruy ball of cotton threads. 2. krtphw, to sweep. 3. kakrtphw, to gargle, to spit out a phut 1. krtPhut to open ( a box ). mouthful of water. 2. petphut broom made of soft 4. krtkrtphw, to burst out (bomb); grass. nayphw,krthay to step and break 3. hanphut place for sacrifice. into pieces; horphuekrthay to throw and-break into pieces. phun 1. kaphun to help in lifting a load; . 5· phs« grourd; phU§im kind of kaciphun to cause to help in gourd. 32 D. N. S. BHAT

6. miphut every person. ph6'l 1. kaph6'f) to be 'overfloded; khaYj- ephot; to be floating but not 7. zaYPhut wooden portion of, a flowing. spade. phin 1. phw.sa body; Phw.sak figure pho'l 1. kapho'fj to proclaim. ( body); Phw.phor id. 2. phot; kind of harmless snake. phe L kakaphe to pat, slap. 3. phat; kind of worm found in 2. ruuphe slab of stone. wood.

3. akephe bunch of thatch. phot 1. menaikekephot to mix up phen 1. kaphen to blame. irregularely; saykakaphot to pull irregularely; haykakaphoi to put phem 1. kephem to put an extra beam here and there. (to support the earlier one)' 2. a'f]aphot double object (as two kha'f)aphem to have an extra limb cloths put together). ( fingers, branch ); wU'f]phem previIeged clan. . ' phon 1. kepho« to fix; khanaphon to stick phew 1. kaphew to wash (feet, utensils to, as spear on the animal's body. etc.). 2. -phon stomach; -payphon id. 2. khaTiaphew to carry a bag on 3. phonta immediately. shoulder hanging; sideways. phom 1. khar,aphom to have spread out ...•... branches. ph6 1. kaph6 to thrash (kind of seed). ph6r 1. kha'f)aphOr to scold one another; pho 1. kha'fiapho to put two things mitiphar nickname. together; kacipho to· mend (as a basket); apho page, sheet; phor 1. kepbor to be grown (tree); nampho jacket: made of date aphor growth (of plants ); phut- leaves to protect oneself from phor figure (body). rain; simpho extension of a 2. kha"l}aphor to be uprooted by house. wind etc. 2. mitipho title. 2. aphor embroidery; conphor hem of a cloth. pho 1. kapho to be parallel to one another. phor 1. kaphor to wear konsar; necklace.

phok 1. kaphok to pull out stone; khapafj- ma 1. akheme tomorrow. hok to hit to a stone ( leg). mak 1. kakhamak powdery substance 2. kaphok to give a name. found on paddy plants etc. akhamak saw dust. 3. sakaphok to start doing; phokk- aphok to start pulling; saykaphok ma'l 1. khemet; to drink; metmet; left to start eating. out drink 'at the bottom of a cup. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 33

2. khama'fjrut sweat coming out 5. saymaykahay to cut deeply; just after one's death. tomaykahay to poke deeply; -maymaykahay id. ( more 3. may} dream; ma'qsoY} dreamland, emphatic); sitsaYjkhamay to 4. meymst; ashes (soft). have more faith; mataykhamay to have much more; hakkhamay man 1. kham§n to spread (desease). to be bigger; tewkhamay to be smaller; hU'fjkhamay to be man 1 khemen to get caught in a trap redder. (bird etc.); khaY}aman to be, 6. akheme» tail; mayth6 largest eager. feather in the tail of a bird.

2. kha1]aman to grudge. 7. khaY}maykay pieces of a pot.

3. kesimen to dream. 1. khamay to stretch; to be more. 4. amen price; samen reward. mer 1. kham§r to rain heavily. 5. kasiman to cause to drink. 2. kham§r to become serious ( illness ); to be seriously mov 1. kMfjam§y to spread thoroughly. wounded. may kakhamay 1. to burn the grass etc. mar 1. khemer to rise up (fire, anger.) surrounding the house or paddy field. 2. kha'flamar to be greedy.

2. ame» beginning; amey ama ma 1. ma guest; khutmisima stranger. beginning and end; -pat]maya palm. ma 1. kheoema to be engaged; masi relative by marriage etc. 3. thawmay lamp; may fire; meytu« bonfire; maykhut smoke; 2. kekhema to catch with hands meytheret; stone used for a without seing (as under water); hearth; meytha burning fire; mayth6 pieces of wood used 3. heruima yellow of an egg; ama for starting a fire; meyihit; fire- core of a tree; any smooth and wood; maypa spark; meyphu soft thing; yoke of an egg. kind of vessel used to keep 4. khema wound. burning charcoal; meyphut; oven; mevmet: ashes (soft); meyrop 5. ma paddy; manum. unhusked instrument to prepare fire; paddy; manokra» popped paddy; meyret; iron ring kept over an matha:; time when paddy plants oven; mevuion flame; meykeci are cornptetely ripe; mathia tobacco. young paddy plant found in dry ground; maphay roots etc. 4. mevra sticks of pine tree; of a paddy plant; mauion paddy meyzdr kind of torch made of flower; mahus stumps of paddy pine sticks. that remains after harvesting. 34 D. N. S. BHAT .. mak 1. makcinaui two clans closely maw 1. khsmdio to weed out; khfJ1)fJmaw related due to a number of to pull one another's hair (as marriage". women while quarreling ); ruymaui time- for removing 1. khemtit; to be a stranger who grass from the paddy field. has no relation with any dynasty. maw 1. khemaio to be eaten by insects ( as grain ); samaui calamity ma'll 1. matitaysay riping paddy plant; . effecting the wild animals; mim- maria» flat rice. aw destruction of people by some desease; seymau: de!ltru· mat 1. mat holiday. ction of cattle by some desease; hermaui destruction of hens by 2. rsmat bed-bug. some desease. 1. khemdr: to be exhausted due to thirst; kfJSiman to perish; to be mi 1. khemi to give. destroyed. 2. khfJ1)fJmi to be dark (due to 2. kMfjfJman to be of similar cloud ). shape; thfJymankfJhay to mistake one for another while seing; 3. khumi foreigner, outsider; mikfJt samankeha» to mistake one for a path in a forest used by men; another ill hearing; saymas: mil,fJyay gaint; miphu« every ksha» to eat unintentionally; person; mipok previous genera- samankehay to do a thing tion; mimaw destruction of unintentionally; SaykhfJman to people by some desease; mimu eat by mistake: theykheman to statue; miyur tribe; mirfJY one see by mistake. who has no sister or brother; mireymira one having no relati- 1. amay steep. may ves; mirul;tuy rumour; miwon muourrut; cave from which man 1. khema» to spread (fire, sore may is supposed to have come origi- etc. ). nally; micet; party, side; misfJ'fj 2. khfJ'f/fJmayto eat curry during group of men; miian population; meals. misuy kind of desease due to which the body swells up; revmi 3. -may face; khuemay prestige of soldier; cicapkhfJmiya barber; a village; may prestige; mays6r mithitkhue an act that will cause cheek; mayha hair growing on harm to others. the cheek ( not beard); zfJkmay shape of a body; simmay one who commands respect in the ml 1. khfJ'fjfJml to be full of water house but is timid outside; (paddy field); khemi to be re1)may prestige; kfJYa1Jmay flooded. one who commands respect outside, but is timid in the mik 1. amik knot (in a tree); phfJymi· house. krt« round bone of the ankle. TANKHUR NACA VOCABULARY 35

2. -mik eye; miktari in someone's mw 1.. khar;amtu to be tasty. presence; miktha eyeball; mik- flaw pupil; miknit; eye-gesture; 2. khaTJamiU to be blunt; amtu blunt (knife ). mikPhl~Tj e .ebrow; mikha eyelash; 3. amu« picture, photo. mi'lj 1. mirpho title; miTjsa id.: rnit.phor nickname; mifjruy two persons mek 1. namek one having a flat nose. having the same name. meq 1. khsmet; to become soft ( meat ). mit 1. khemi; to scrape, rub; kasimit to destroy completely; to met 1. kasimet to pinch. extinguish; saymitkeha» to have already eaten; 'qaramnitkahay to men 1. khenemen to start crying (baby); have already prepared. 2. kasimen to drag; asimen ways of min 1. khemin. to be ripe; minrisi dragging. half-ripe. men 1. khaljamen to walk with difficulty muk 1. khamuk to be musty, mouldy ( old men); to crawl. ( bread); mukru« kind of mushroom ( green with dots ). mew 1. khemeui kind of evil spirit, 2. mukwa ox; saymuk cow; saymu· 1. mothey banana. knaw calf. mo mu'lj 1. khamu'fj to rule. mok 1. moksa boil. mut 1. khamut to fade away (colour). moq 1. akhsmot, brim of a vessel; khamat; door; khamoTjkuy hole 1. khamun to be clear (writing mun in which the door turns etc. ). ( upper); khamoT,phay hole in which the door turns ( lower ). muv 1. khamuy to get poisoned. mot 1. khemot to rub off. 2. khamuy to itch. 2. motna leaf of banana; motrot; muy 1. kha'fjamuy to pick up. tree of banana.

2. khamuy bread; khamuyso'fj loaf m6r 1. hhemor to be musty or mouldy; of bread. kasimor to make to be mouldy; khemor mould. rmir 1. khemu« to be affected by smoke. mor 1. khemor mouth; 'morcay lip; mm 1. khemia to go astray. morer kind of itching desease affecting lips; morsem secret; 2. mimue statue. moria snout; morha moustache; 3. hummiu big wooden hammer. morho begger. 36 D. N. S. aHAl' yak 1. khamayak to make strong ( as a y;jy 1. kakhayay to help in carrying string by twisting); kaphayak to someone' s load (as a bundle of make strong by twisting etc.; rice); akhayay adjusting a load. amayak twisting ( as of a rope). yay 1. kakhayay to displace (as planks 2. kakhayak to be ashamed of. of a wall or roof for creating a 3. mayak letter (a, b, c, etc.). hole or closing it) ; to replace; to change the place or shape of a 1. khgya'fj to look;~saykhayafl to try thing; ayay husked rice; sam yay to eat; I,anakhaya'fj to try to hear. id. 2. kha'fjaya'fj to filter ( powder ). yar 1. khgyar to own by birth; to have 3. ya'fjkasi enemy; ya'flkgse a parti- talent; yar reward. cular enemy. 2. kha'r,ayar to divide; YjayarrjiJyata '1]ayar/Jak vat 1: kaphayat to argue and prove about half the number; oneself to be correct. equal divisions or shares. 2, zir:yat weather. 3. khamayar to look thoroughly.

),;in 1. khgl,a),fm to look ( at an exhibi- ya 1. khamaya to increase in number. tion ); ni'fjyan test; car,yan test. 2. khaya sexual organ. van 1. khal,ayan to leak; kakhayan to 3. par,yd little finger. take away little by little (as 4. ayd yesterday. from a pile of firewood),

ya 1. khaya to be respectable; yap 1. khayap to hit with a stick; khamaya to agree; kakhaya to khal.ayap to play ( football etc. ) ; be dignified; yayita popular. ayap kick. 2. kha'fjaya to be night; aYjaya last 2. khayap to beckon; to shake the night; YJiJyanight. hand; kakhayap to wink; akhayap ways of winking; ayap beckoning 3. khar.aya to have things (by moving the hand ). scattered here and there; yaruyyor auction.

1. kha'(layiJm to be full of something 4. kha'fjaya to be equal in number; "f,ayarr,ayata about half the yam 1. khayam to ladle out (curry). number. 2. kha'fjayam to be tasty, 5. kaphaya to offer (to god ).

3. yampay moss (on water). 6. aya index finger; siyakha measure of length from thumb varn 1. khay~m to level the paddy field; to index finger. kakhayam to make level; akheyem 7. phaymaya lower side of foot. levelling IIp (as in measuring rice etc. ) ; ayam id. 8. yapa'fj right hand. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 37 ya 1. khaya to be victorious. 1. khaydm to drive off (bird etc. ). kasiydm to make to drive off. 2. kharja)a to scratch with legs (hen ). yam 1. khayam to run away.

yak 1. khayak to be very wise. 2. kha'l]ayam to spread over.

2. khayak to be very pungent 3. yamker hammer. yak ray ( tobacco, wine) ; 4. rukyam baskets of various bamboo pan used to dry chilly types. , etc. , 3. kakhayak to rinse (mouth, pots yay 1. khalJaydy to expand itself. etc. ). yay 1. khayay to be a hero; mir/ayay yai, 1. haydr; small bamboo. gaint. 2. khayay to clear forest for 1. yar] strength; thoiJyarj a strong cultivation. blast of wind. 3. khayay to spread (earth, paddy 2. meyati people of black etc.); khaf]ayay to lie down; complexion. kakhayay to expose paddy to sun; kaphayay id.; akhayay 3. yawyaf]kahay to scatter all exposing paddy to sun; yayrof] around; Ijacakyarlkahay to be thrashing stick. broken completely; sutyafjkahay to be mixed completely; yar 1. khamayar to be near the edge; sakakhaya'l] to do scattering; ayar outside; ayarkuy border; Tjaphitkakhayaf] to hammer wall surrounding a village; scattering. ayareor; outside. 4. kayarl open place near a house; 2. meyar» man; yarkaw thin man; kayar,may one who commands yarthot generation; yarro,£)a respect outside but is timid in widower; yare» old bachelor; the house; yarlkhup place for yarcato dwarfish man; yarso husking etc. handsome man; yarsiyo id.

yat yaw 1. khaydw to scatter; to sow by scattering; kasiydw to make to yan 1. khaydn to put notice on board. scatter or spread; stuyawkahay to mix thoroughly. yan 1. khayan to throw out mud from yaw 1. khayaw to go out. the hole (rat, hare etc.); ayan mouth of the rat's hole used for 2. khar/ayaw to be popular; throwing out mud. khamayaw to be popular (as certain fruits or grains); yap 1. khal,ayap to be weak and kakhayaw to be naughty shakey. ( child). 38 D. N. s. BHAt t...

I 3. kakhayaw to wash the head. 3. kaphayip to get soaked ( as tree, wood etc.). 4. kakhayaw to divert a stream by cutting a trench. vim 1. khayim to be slightly wet; rayim 5. yaw sheep. kind of black, slightly wet soil.

yi 1. kha'(,ayi to have the right to do 2. khayim to be poisonous. something. vir 1. meyir yellow bee. yi 1. khaYjayi to be correct, proper; ayi potato etc. which have sprouted vir 1. khayir to start. but not decayed; yayita popular. 2. khayir to leak throughout uie 2. khamayi to have the sensation way; kakhayir to shake off ( as as when walking on a smooth water from the head ). object; l?akhayi to feel giddy ( as 3. khamayir to become ripe (said when one smokes for the first of maize only). time ). 3. kakhayi to rinse ( pots etc. ). YUli 1. khayu1l to be stale; akhayurj stale food. 4. y.ayi deep stagnent water. 2. a1wyulj root. yi 1. khayz to write. 3. yurj a long pole used to connect rafters together. 2. khayz to search out food (bees, fly etc. ). yut 1. khayut to scrape with a knife.

yik 1. khayik to prevent small plants 2. khamayut to stroke, fondle. growing up ( big trees ). yun 1. khayun to search out ( enemy or vi'} 1. khayiYj to be late in the evening. prey in hunting). 2. khamayirl to be blue. 2. kaphayun to make stale. yit 1. kha[layit to oscillate; kakhayit to yup 1. sayyupkahay to eat and feel soft swing; akhayit swinging. and light; wamyupkahay to carry and feet soft and light. 2. akhayit secrecy, hiding. yin 1. kha'f,ayin to hide; to take shelter; yum 1. kheyum to do some criminal act. kakhayin to obstruct one's view; 2. kha'(j(}yum to show signs of akhayin obstruction. surrender ( buffelo ). yip 1. khayip to move in air with stretched motionless wings. yuy 1 khayuy to be unbalanced; kakhfJyuy to swing ( as in 2. kakhayip to wink once; akhayip throwing a stone), to weave ways of winking. nicely and smoothly, TAl'KHUR NAGA VOCABULARY •. - 39 yuy 1. khayuy to win. yo ] . khar;ayo to look oneself in the mirror, to look thoroughly; 2. kJzaf.

3. kha'f)arat to terminate( road, cave rak 1. kharak to make a basket, to etc. ); kephere: to become bank- weave. rupt; aeeret endjof a road; aret 2. kharak to open ( eyes ). mouth of a rat's hole used for entering it; rette again. 3. kharak to instruct.

4. kha'fjarak to move (intr); kakharak 4. kakharat to mean something. to cause to move; rikrak 5. ha'f)ratkahay to say a little; thay- shoulder blade. ratkahay to see a little; paretk»: 5. khalj()Yak to be normal; to adjust hay to read a little; saratkahay oneself; aljarak systematic. to finish off doing quickly; sayratkahay to finish off eating 6. kapharak to single out; kO'f)marak quickly; sayratratkahay id. (more land between two rivers. emphatic ). 7. hmrakkahay to turn back suddenly; taturjrakkahay to fall down 1. kharan to fence with sharp bam- suddenly; kasa'f)rak after some boo sticks. time; kasuyrak~sudd~nly. ran 1. kheren to chop off. 1. khaTa'f) to cut off. 2. khal]aran to compare (length or 'height ). 1. khaf}ara'1 to observe a day (like republic day"). 3. khal~aran to have a sticky or oily face; ateren sticky face. 2. kakhara1] to cause to roll down. 4. kekheren to refuse. 3. arwra'fj enmity. 5. khdyran fishing net. 4. afjaraf} business, work; 'f)araf} work; rerca time.table for com- 6. ran wealth; renphun the place munity work; ra'l]si id. where wealth is hidden. 5. kheret; buttocks. 7. renpum thrashing floor; renci straw of paddy after thrashing: 6. mayrall iron ring kept over an renro rethrashing ( paddy). oven. 7. meret; August. S. akheren returning an object.

8. ra'f) kind of millet; ra1Jcz straw rap 1. kharap to rub axe, dao etc. in of ratl; renron kind of ra'f); r(1)sa order to remove the rust; mayrap another kind of ra'f). instrument to prepare fire. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 41

2. khan.arap to be handy. sisters or brothers; mireymira one having no relatives; 3. khanarap to converse in a foreign conmsrey ends of a cloth; language. reyhue residue. 4. khan.arap to return from the middle of a journey; sayrapkahay 3. khan.aray to twist itself to turn to eat a bit; pirapkahay to sleep back; kakharay to wind a sticky a bit; parapkahay to read a bit. thread; kasiray to twist; aY)aray place where one usually turns 5. kakharap to tie things together back. with a rope; akherep ways of tying a rope. 4. kakharay to keep a pot on burning charcoal; akharay turning 6. reprav top of head. a pot on charcoal, r~m 1. khersm. to be tasteless or diluted. 5. aray worthy of price; sarey meat cut into shares according 2. kharam to order youngsters to to the amount each one is pay- do this and that. ing; rayeuk market study made 3. aram the after birth. before purchasing a cow etc.

6. main road connecting the ram 1. kharam to stretch out both the cenrey village and paddy field; khdyray hands; remkhe length equal to kind of large fish; khuyray kind two stretched arms. of big black bee; ko-rjray big 2. ram village, place, territory; river; khakray low and loud remnaui people belonging to a voice (in singing); nifray a big territory; remco forest; remsa festival; rmray alligator. uncultivated land; ramphay field with a cooler climate; remsati 7. Tjaray earth: TJarayham earthen territory; remsa wild animal; pot; rayim kind M black slightly remhati open place, waste land; wet soil; raykhur pit; raykhom kezeyrem hill. sticky brownish mud; rayti greenish sticky mud; rayTlaeam plateau; raython mound, dike; r~y . 1. kharay to give up smoking etc. riJypan fort; raypa mud near a 2. kasiray to make to drink; asiray house in rainy season; raypom ways of feeding a child. spadeful of earth; ray?mkhur chasm created by earthquake ray 1. kharay to have; kha'Jaray to etc.; rayruy mud of paddy field; cling; kha'l)amkharay noble per- rayeuy mist; rayzun. hillock; son; tuyraytuyra all sorts of suits raysa white ant; reysam steep in a court. wall on the side of a level ground.

2. kharay to chop off; khemerey to 8· raytiCrJ basin; rayem kind of be maimed; kapharay to be wooden trough used for storing lonely; miray one who has no water. 42 D. N. S. BHAT

1. kharay to be in high rank; khem- holes; rutizekra kind of game ariJY to work on the edge ( as played with 52 stones arranged of a roof); to walk balancing in 10 holes. oneself ( as on a narrow bridge) ; 6. 'f}arawu&'bride; rarotiuna unma- amariJY edge. rried woman; rayouna beautiful woman; rasiyo id., huera female ror 1. kherer to be able to do; khaf,arar dog that has not yet produced to try hard; to fight for some- puppys: yora relationship from thing; khemerer to be hard; the sister's side (father's sister, kakharar to quarrel. one's sister etc.); raketora thin girl. , 1. kharar to be old; to be mature; kherer old; arsr id. 7. ra song; rakuy first line of a song for corus; wokra normal 2. khafjarar to deny. tone in singing. raw 1. rawkha lower garment ( men's)" 8. racm kind of paddy; racay another variety of paddy; rasan ra 1. khamara to be an orphan. variety of paddy; ri'f}poravariety of paddy; rakhot; portion of a 2. khsmerd to start building (nest, paddy field; rahuk very soft hieve ); simthifjra materials for ground; racen time for digging building a house. the field with spade.

3. kakhara to untie. 9. catra hero. ra 1. khera to come; kephera to give 10. hawra upper garment; phar(lT,aci birth to a child; naun.era offsp- id; sfmthiyjra lower garment (of ring; cinaurcera brothers: kusra women ). fortune; kuirasa; mishap; ko'qratuyyon echo; rayraytuyra 11. zetkhera to take a long journey; all sorts of suits in the court. Saykhara to be lasting ~to eat; sakhera to be lasting to do. 2. khemera to be straight (as a branch of a tree ); pdkra forked 1. khara to copulate (animals); tree; meyra sticks of a pine tree. cura pair.

kakhara 3. to sharpen. 2. cura food kept aside for later 4. koura a small river; nitra a small use. festival; rmora kind of small tiger; ruthayra pebble; sira thick rak 1. kharak to tame (animals), to type of sand; star; sirapay glow control; khemerak to be cruel worm; siraror,kaka group of (as hen when it is with stars. chickens) ; katharak to strangle; khutraka chief of a village. 5. thera ten; thumra thirty; rurcakra kind of game played with 2. rakkha half; rakkhaso'f} one side small stones arranged in ten ( of hill, river etc. ) TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULAlty 43

3. amerak place where two pieces 2. kha1]arat to copulate ( animals)"; are stitched together. a1]arat copulating of animals; Simpharat buffalo or cow born 4. rak very; drake exactly; and reared up in the house, cotrakkeha» to be very tired; pirakkiJhay to be in sound sleep; 3. :kasirat to send. thiJyrakkiJhay to have seen with 4. ratruyt» again. certainity; Sarakkahay to have heard with certainity, , ran 1. kheran to stretch the threads on a loom. ra1j 1. kherat; to remain over; to have too much which is going to be ran 1. khora« to uncover; kharjaran to harmful; rU1]ziru1]ra1] stoney prepare; zairan sun's ray place. ( direct).

2. kherat, to do something illegal; 2_ meran big job (like building of sara1]kahay to do something a house). incorrectly; Sayrarjkahay to eat incorrectly; para1]kahay to read 3. sayrankahay to be the time to incorrectly. eat; thayrankiJhay to be the time to see. 3. kharlara1) to hang, to get stuck up (as a stick on the branch of 1. kharjiJyr:m to encircle. a tree); pa1]ra1] twigs; ra-ljzi1] bamboo used for sucking water, rap 1. khiJ1]iJrapto be about to fall ( as liquor etc. broken wall ); arap outside of a building; rap side of the body; 4. rwra'ljta immediately; saykh- ciJyrap village court; Simrap aljara'fj to eat immediately; raised ground on the sides of wakha1]ara1] to go immediately; a house. wu1]kharjara1] to come immediately. ram 1. khiJram to cut an animal into 5. rarjtik kind of eagle; rarlPop pieces. kind of small eagle; rarca kind 2. kapharam to keep out things in of very big eagle. the rain (as materials for a 6. ararsa meat of the outer building); ram shed; horam section; phekrat; wall. place covered with hailstones. 3. keteram to make gestures to 1. sara1]kahay to have work express.sorrow, happiness etc. - unfinished; para'l)kahay to 4. ramhuc wolf. have reading unfinished; para1]ra1]kahay id. (more , L khiJray to relieve (from pain emphatic ). ray etc.); khamiJray to forget. rat 1. kherat to have uncropped hair. 2· ray devil; raykho'fjsa'l]phi ghost. 44 D. N. S. BHAT ray 1. khera» to put off (cloths); 2. khemerato to stay with someone rayway upper garment, ( as an orphan).

2. kh(}'f}aray to wait for someone; 3. meraso lower garment (men's); raykan watchman. haurmeraui id. 3. arav judgement. 4. raw servant. 4. kuyray kind of severe headache; r(}pray top of the head; rayci ri 1. kh(}ri to steal; kherikeru; theft. pustule. 2. ri armpit; rikhd id. 5. ray war; raymi soldier; 1'ayS(}'f} id.; raysar! armour; saray ri 1. kheri to come first; fit'iJ in front; enemy; 'f',(}c(}kray small mutiny; first; before; rihay stone erected 'fj(}thiray small mutiny. in front of the king's house. 6. h(}nSiray a dish made of h(}nSi. 2. kh(}'fj(}ri to be equal in size; 7. satrayk(}hay to cut slightly; khemeri to blow. torayk(}hay to poke slightly. 3. k(}kh(}ri to twist in ( screw etc. ). 8. 'f.okl~(}t(}ray to jump here and hheri intestine. there; pokk(}i(}ray to hold this 4. kethsri to fix up boundary and that. between two persons; thiJri markings of a boundary; 1. kh(}'(,(}ray to expose oneself to 'fj(}cayri in between; ciri there. sun. 5. k(}t(}ri to show one's teeth; hari 2. kh(}'(,(}ray to get untied or gums. unstitched; kh(}ray to unstitch. 6. ri part of the body just below 3. kh(}'fj(}ray to be rejected by and behind the ribs. customers. 7. meri iron; m(}ri"t(}sami black- rar 1. kepherar to expose oneself to smith; raysari armour; morisa rain. hardware; merikhot; boat; 2. hacatirar mosquito net. risauma; anvil.

, 8. zikrisi slightly black; hUfjrisi rar 1. kh(}rar to spread; to expose slightly red; c(}rrisi slightly to sun. white; minrisi slightly ripe. 2. kh(}rar to hang skulls of cows 9. sari ornament. in the house; kheterar to hang buffalo skulls in the house in 10. ci'f}rik(}hay to be completely competition with another man. silent; hemcemrikeha» to be completely levelled up; raw 1 hhemerau: to come up (steam), sayrik(}hay to have the to bubble up; k(}kh(}raw to cook satisfaction of eating; s(}yrikahay again; ameraui bubble, foam; to have the satisfaction of zaim(}raw scum of boiled rice. smoking. TA~KHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 45 ri 1. art medicine; kethiri poison. rin 1. kharin to have pain due to some hard thing in the bed. rik 1. kherii: to burn (firewood). 2. kha,,&rin to have enough things 1. khar,arik to be naughty ( boy). to give to all.

3. khamarik to be pointed; kakharik 1. kherin to aim at. to brandish weapons; kapharik rin to sting (bees); rikhan lightning. 2. kharin to prees with the tip of 4. l'ik lice (black) rikHu eggs of the finger; amarin claw ( of bird, lice; riksi kind of broad comb; tiger etc. ). arik flies (found on the body of 3. ketherin to have tickling sensa- the dog etc. ). tion. 5. rikrak shoulder blade. rip 1. kharip to pile up, to arrange. 6. lj&karrikkahay to rise up nicely khamarip to be intoxicated. ( vegetables ); kharrikkahay to grow up nicely; zirikk&hay to be rim 1. kh&ri1'(t to cut meat into slice; completely black; m&yi'lrikk&hay kh&'I&rim to divide, share one to be completely blue. another; khemsrim to divide or share among themselves; 1. kherir; to stir ( in cooking ). amerim piece (as of meat or

fish); arim piece of meat. -r-, 1. kherir; to plant. 2. k&kh&rim to tap continuously 2. kherit; to be alive; khalj81'i1} to with legs. be careful; k&tarirj to open one's eyes wide; rinrekh» during life- 3. ruyrim upper garment. time; sarit; soft part of the baby's body; ri,lphat merriment. rim 1. kherim to watch the enemy.

3. khemerit; to become red-hot. ruk 1. kh&ruk to engrave. 4. khemerit; to be very hard-work- 2. kh&fj&ruk to challenge (as when ing; to get up early in the morn- two dogs meet ). ing; to be very strong. 5. '1]ari1}large muscle of the back. 3. ruk kind of basket for keeping paddy etc.: rukyam baskets of 6. richa black ant with stings; various types. ri1}sm reddish small ant; ri1}po kind of ant making nests some- what like bees; zarit; ant. ruil 1. kherut; to prick. 2. khemena; to fly out in a swarm rit 1. kharit to be heavy. ( bees ); mirUljtuy rumour;

2. kha'l&rit to try to complete. otsakh&ij&rulj to work together; niljkha1,&rulj to discuss together; 3. a',&rit turn (as to face one's saykh&r;arulj to eat together; turn to die ). sirtaina milky way. '" 46 D. N. S. BRAT .. 3. msrut; heart; arut; middle; marshy place with densly arUfjSo'f} interior; tuyru'f} idea; growing plants; puntaruntun rurcan curiosity, longing; dense and dark forest. niwurru'fj cave from which man 2. kharun to pay back ( money). is supposed to have come originally; rutiho middle finger; 3. marun march. aruuiho id.; ruuthot temple (below the ear. ); rutzen place rup 1. kha'fjarup to break off (as dry between chest and belly. leaf when folded ); I kakharup to prick with a sharp instrument; 4. ljaru1]kuy rock; 1laru1lkasanami marup piece. . mason; ru'f,kuy stone; risaiorus, anvil; runomca kind of black 2' pirupkahay to sleep without stone used as pencil; rurkhor worry; saY.1'upkahayto eat with- pamrupkahay stone wall; rU1Jkhur stone cave; out worry: to sit rUlj"uy lime stone; rUljphe slab without worry. ' of stone; rutcakra kind of game played with stones arranged in rum 1. kharum to have affection. rU'fjCiln ten holes; hard smooth 2. khaljarum to add. stone; rUljziru'fjralj stoney place; rusrer sharp, pointed stone; rui> 3. khaT,arum to be similar. zekra kind of game played with 52 stones arranged in ten holes rum 1. kapharum to have rashes (cau- ruthayra pebble; ruthar sharp sed by touching certain worrns ); pointed white stone; ruchau: to swell up ( as dead body). kind of red stone; ruihor ways 2. rum mine (as of coal, iron etc. ); of throwing stones; simrulj rumkhoti salt mine; cirum id. floor. 3. rumnasta slightly warm water. rUT) 1. kharufj to store (water etc. ) 4. uokrumra galloping. khaTjaruYJto be stagnent (water). , 2. kharicr] to be the leader in rum 1. kharum to cut down the trunk starting a work of a tree; tiumrum stump of a tree. rut 1. kharut to sweep together ruy 1. kharuy to brurn the feathers of (scattered grains etc. ). a fowl; khamaruy to scrape off 2. Twmirutkahay to be very dark; grass from the border of rice pawrawrutkahay to spread field; aruy dirt sticking to the densly. water pot. run 1. kharun to tuck in ( leaves etc. ruy 1. kharuy to thread a needle to into a hole ); khamarun to block string flowers; khar,aruy to go a leakage; to cover pot etc. in-between, to go through; amsrun things used for blocking kakharuy to save money; a hole or leakage; pUnr14n phui]'ruy ball of cotton threads.

.- TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 47

2. kh-nuy to repeat doing some rill 1. kharut to chop off; to dig with a thing; khar.aruy to resemble; spade; khar.arzit to be very steep mir,ruy two persons having the (roof); ruynu cultivated land. same name; yaruyyor auction; 2. kha'fjarut to move downwards in hohheruy to call again; sleep; katharut to slide ( as thaykharuy to see again; ratruyt» children on a slope). again. 3. kheruy to latch a door; 3. athayrUt hard seed of a fruit; wayruyhay wooden gate; simruy akuyrUt swollen part in the trunk of a tree; rzi:thup turban. latch, bolt.

4. kharuy to bring up an orphan; rm 1. ar'bU liquid; khat)arvd to have Simruykat heir loose motion; zitvn« rain water; 5. khtTfjaruy to bend in ( as edge of zi"f'jrotr'bU id.; khemerru« sweat a dao ). coming after death; caruc tears; honrt« soup; y01)Y/lUname of 6. kha'fjaruy to roll in sleep; a river; tar'bU water; khuyr'bU kakharuy to roll a mat; akharuy honey, wax; uneru« spring rolled mat; cloth for carrying a water; athayr'bU juice of fruit; baby; nawkharuy baby blanket; aria aret; curry, sambar etc.: ruyrim upper garment. tatetma starch; mecorta '1. khamaruy to make smooth; spitton ; yotin« liquid substance kataruy to be fat (as young used in colouring; rumrtasta puppys ). slightly warm water; rtukhot; tank; r'bUtakcut in the edge of a 8. aruy now. paddy field to allow water to flow 9. rayruy mud of paddy field; ruy off; r'bUtak the action of pouring paddy field; ruywat ways of wine, liquor etc.; riaphat the cultivation; ruyn« cultivated place where water is usually land; ruysom time for replanting released from a paddy field; the paddy plants; ruysun ruaha» marshy place; r'bUthaw prohibition for entering a paddy dirty layer on the surface of field; ruysay group of paddy stagnant water; rtathen ways of fields; ruysaw time for drying up water; ruahot current ploughing the paddy field; of water; ruaoar kind of itching ruymaw time for removing desease in leg caused by water; l rucsat; cool water; 1'bUSO'fcjanal ( grass, from the paddy field. for irrigation; nasa hot water; 10. ruvtoa he-buffelo ; ruyuna she- r'bUhfJybamboo pipe used fur ca- buffelo; siruy buffelo (general rrying tobacco liquid; rtuhetm« term ). earth which easily absorbs water; ruv 1. kha'fjart),y to have curly hair. r'bUhap stone or wooden plank used for regulating water supply 2. khaqaruy to have a work started into the canal from the river; by a person with lucky hands rtuher water fall; water flowing ( works like sowing ). down without touching the earth D. N. S. BHAT

in the middle; cinzerria water top end of the back bone; falling down the roof; cihsyru: arue ara bones of all sorts; sugarcane juice; zatetmu starch; phaymilirzu round bone of the sayronrut sweat; sayranrut id.; ankle; phaynata'fjrut leg bone; sirutm« milky way. YjaSOYjruttop end of the back 2. khemeru« to peck. bone; rutkuy bone. 3. kekhen« to keep a charm. 9. theria six.

I 4. kephen« to lay eggE;hena hen's 10. rayrutkhur chasm created by egg; khriynu egg of fish; rikrut earthquake etc. egg of mite; heruekor shell of an 11. cina rock salt: egg; hertahor thin membrane just inside the shell of an egg heruima yellow of an egg. 1. miJre'tongue.

5. kethena to help to walk ( as an 2. khare thief. old man or child); pakrzu pillar, post. re 1. tinre cut made by a small spade on the ground; hare chips of 6. tinri« kind of creeper (bearing wood. edible fruits); kharut kind of creeper used to prepare ropes; 2. kharekttm year before last. katm« kind of creeper used as anklets; narenruc nose rope of a rek 1. kharek to pretend; kakharek to buffelo; rustum. a covering of pour out for deity before cane rope for the handle of dao drinking liquor etc.; arek magic; etc.; rtuuxuo kind of creeper sakharek to pretend to do; used to prepare basket straps; saykharek to pretend to eat. ruaoer kind of creeper; rutca'fjru id.; riaho ways of tying ropes; 2. khamarek to be industrious. contheyru« ends of threads tied 3. khamarek to lick. into knots at the two ends of a cloth; thainartaha different kinds 4. kakharek to stay with one's head of plants and vegetables; hhauz- uplifted ( snake, creepers etc. ) . ana girdle; aihevna knots tied at the edge of a cloth (ends of reYj 1. kheret; to strain (as water from threads); kharutkhare'fj creepers cooked rice) ; kakharell to expose of all sorts; kezayn« cotton oneself -to sun so that one thread. becomes thirsty; kaphare'fj id; 7. pharut snake; pharutphara all re'fjceYjthin layer of moss left sorts of snakes; naco kind behind by a decreasing stagnant of poisonous snake; rut ray water. alligator. 2. reticenhsm earthen cup to drink 8. akukrut various kinds of bones; rice beer etc.; rerkhor bamboo khumrenrta back bone; atvma tube used for carrying water. TA:'oIKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 49

3. khaTja1'efj to be side by side 1. kh!Jrcr to shai pen (sticks); arer ( sitting etc .); pere« row, line; pointed ( sticks of bamboo etc.): pas.msrer; finger; phaym!Jret] khayrer splinter; rutirer sharp, toes. pointed stone; akherer sting of bee. 4. cireti thin and long horn; 2. kh!Jrer to throw over the line akuyret] crest ( of cock) . ( in the game of sauitheyra ). 5. reTjmay prestige. rer 1. kepherer to make wild (as by 1. kh!Jrcfj to be bold. kicking ). 2. kh!Jre11to be hard (as the edge of a dao ). 1. kh!JTwrcw to play. <" , 3. kheret; to hunt. rew 1. kherew to pluck (flower etc."). ret 1. kheret to cut vegetables; kherere; 2. khereui to cut into slices (fruit); to cut (bamboo); to mark the TwPhitrewkahay to strike into boundary. pieces. 2. aret breadth. 3. khetereu: to roll while crying ( child); bsirew to roll down ren 1. khereren to have dependents ( stone ); asireu: ways of rolling; (like a younger brother); khumr- marewcuTjthay bells tied' to the enrta backbone; narenrui ankle while dancing. nose-rope of a buffelo. 4. kephereto to make to smile 2. kh!JTj~en to compete in cutting ( baby); teriketereui to show firewood, trunk of a tree etc. one's teeth very much. 3. k!JSiren to place one over 5. kawkh!Jrew to be very thirsty; another; a~ren weight used to morkhereto to be very eager to keep down something; aren log eat; sawkh!Jrew to have sudden of wood; tatven shelf; thiTjremvay pain. beam ( before sawing it ). 6. sakhsmereui to be possible to 4. aren slope of a hill. do; sashemerew to be possible rep 1. kh!Jrep to cut fruit into small to eat; theykhemsreio to be pieces; to grate; arep ways of possible to see. cutting vegetables. r6 1. kh!Jro to buy. 1. kh!J1'epto state one's case before a court. 2. kh!Jro to rain. 3. kasiro to be startled. rem 1. kherem to stay without work due to inability of the manager; ro 1. kh!JTjaro to be not in correct k!Jkh!Jrem to control oneself size. (from eating etc.): areme useless. 2. khsnero to be hard hearted. 2. kh!JTj!Jrem fo be near. 3. khemero to vomit. ..

50 D. N. S. BRAT

4. khemero to do something on 1. kha'fjarofj to be correct; to be behalf of someone; thikhemero good in aiming at; khsmeroti to die for something; capkhamaro to be good in aiming at. to weep for someone. rot 1. kherot to pound vegetable, fruit 5. kaparo to be fat and healthy etc. with sikuy. (baby); atero afjarat normal. 2. kekherot to abuse. 6. aro middle. 3. ~irlrotna rain water; siphanzifj· 7. renro rethrashing of paddy rot storm. plants. r6n 1. khar~n to keep erect ( ladder ); rok ). khafjarok to come off ( as Some aron ways of keeping erect paint ). ( ladder etc. ); sayron ledder. 2. kherok throat; meerokkeha» to take a big sip; makayrokkahay ron 1. hheron to go in a line without to take a big bite. breaks; khemeron to join two things together; kepheron to 3. humrokwzu a female ghost. join; amsron articles joined 4. khuyhha'fjarok to take from each together. other; Phaykharwrok to express 2. kheron to bum down slowly each other; meyakhsrerot: to (wood ). agree to each other; "amz", 3. khaYjaron to be wounded. khar1arok to fight with each other. 4. khaqa1'on to exchange ( vegetable etc. ). r6'1l 1. kha'f,aro'fj to jump; kakharo'fJ to lift up. 5. kaSiron to make to slide down; asiron sliding down ( some- 1. khemerot, to be barren ( tree ); thing ). yarrot; widower; rarotvuna 6. seyronru« sweat. unmarried woman.

\ ~. aroti tree, plant, creeper etc.; ron 1. saykhar,aron to eat again amerot; plants which remain and again; Sakhafjar'i'Jn to hear alive at the end of a winter again and again; sakhaYjar(Jn to season; motrot; plantain tree; do again and again. yayrofj thrashing stick; tarot; rop 1. kherop to wear cloth just above high wooden platform in front the breasts as when taking bath of a house. ( women); ntarop bodice. 3. kherot; to flow ( water) khar,arofj to get collected ( as 2. khar)arop to have marks of sand near a dam ); paro'fjkhu1' being crushed (paper, tin ); trench for rain water; sirarot-- ciropkahay to be brittle, break- kaka group of stars. able,

4. 1'0'1] big bamboo basket used for 3. hhemsrot: to drink by licking keeping paddy. ( dog ); to .graze (cattle); TA.'';KHliR .'iAGA VOCABULARY

4. kaklzarop to spread (as a wa 1. kha'l]awa to have something. rumour ). wa 1. khawa to go to a certain place; rom 1. kherom to wrap (food); arom sakhawa to go doing something; wrapper; kuyrom. kind of cloth saykhawa to go eating. used by women to tie around 2. khsioa to cultivate. the head. 3. khstvnoa to put down (as a load 2. kheterom to shrink. from the shoulder ).

3. kekherom to chase away. 4. ,~hlrlawa to be thin or lean. 4. keterom to be fat (baby). 5. harwa cock; mukwa ox; ruytca 5. ktarom worm. he-buffelo ; sucua men-folk; siwa kind of wild pig (male) 6. meruyromkehay to stick huaoa male dog. "- cogether. 6. uiandui bird; uiather kind of ror 1. kheror to pour water on one's '. bird; wanue kind of duck; uiayit; head; kha/laror to pour water on kind of bird laying green eggs; one another. wawaw kind of white bird; wawue kind of bird; karioa kind of bird 2. kheror to repaint a surface. with long legs; Y,ayiwa kind of , ror 1. kharor to be a big gathering small duck. (of men). wak 1. khawak to try to catch a running 2. kharor to pour grain into the theif by taking a short cut. granary. wa'f} 1. waY] in place of, instead of. We) 1. seru» priest. wat 1. khawat to be less or wanting. 1. khawak friend. 2. kasiwat to send. W;}lj 1. kakhawaTJto rule, take care of. 3. ruywat methods of cultivation. war 1. kha/lawat to be well mixed ( mud); kakhawat to over-cook. wan 1. khawan to have no one wande- 2. wat cotton; umpom silk cotton. ring around. wan 1. khawan to be hungry due to wap 1. kha'lawap to be very close to having no food. each other; to fit properly (lid). warn 1. kasiwam to grudge; to feel warn 1. khawam to carry baby by hand; unhappy about a loss that cannot khay!awam to embrace. be helped.

WdY 1. kha¥jaway to fence; 'l]awayfence; way 1. khaway to have; khay]away to waykkuy fence around the wear; pikhawayka bedroom; village; waykhur big village gate masaywaycum big wooden vessel ( cave) wayruyhay wooden gate. for storing rice.

2. khaway forehead. 2. khaway to be pregnent, 52 D. N. S. BRAT way 1. khaway to make smooth with a 2. kakhawut to leak. big axe ( wood); thirjrenway 3.Tjawutkha a. man-load; a'f]awut beam (before sawing ). load for one person. 2. khaway to be the opinion; conuiav manner of wearing cloth. 4. saykakhawut to disturb; khaykil- 3. kharjaway to earn money for khawut to stir again and again. living. wun 1. kha'fjawun to callout one war 1. khawar to be infested by another for help. mushroom; mushroom; ioarton, waryaw, warrat; uarsek, seyms- wuy 1. khawuy to feed; kasiwuy to make reuiar, saysowar varieties of to feed. mushrooms. 2. kha'fjawuy to beat with a stick. 2. rusuiar kind of itching desease 3. wuypa'f] left band. ~caused by water ( in the leg ). , 3. zeyuiar pointed edge of a spear. wuy 1. khaYjawuy to err.

, waw 1. kheusiu: to shout; khar.auuiw to wur I. I?hawur to come out without shout at one another. stop ( as water from a spring ).

wur 1. khewur to incarnate; miuiurruti wi 1. khawi to have no one wandering cave from which man is supp- around. osed to have come originally; wu 1. uncrta spring water. wurtem philosophy. , wur 1. khawur to be juicy. wuk 1. wuk belly; awuksa meat of the inner section. wm 1. kha'f]aww, to carryon shoulder. wuq 1. hheuna; to clear up jungle with 2. herun« hen that has started to lay eggs; Tjarawut bride; rarot- dao. una unmarried woman; rayoun« 2. kheuna, to have holes (in roof, beautiful woman; ruyun« she- wall etc.). buffelo; wutthay relationship 3. khutwuYJ village under a small from the woman's side like king; WU11nawprince; wU11Pham mother, wife etc.: saun« women- privileged clans. folk; humrokww, a female ghost; suou; kind of wild dove (F); -;-1 4. Tjasunwul) midday. huuou« female dog; zakwwu thin 5. sakheuna; to come from the girl. opposite direction doing some- 3. pa1jwut thumb. thing; saykhawu'f] to come from 4. hal)wut elders of a village; the opposite direction eating hauna big bamboo; humus big something. hammer. wut 1. khar,awut to fight with swords 5. Ijilthorthakwut early morning, kakhawut to cut grass. r,ayati'lwut late in the night. TAl'ii(HtJR. XAGA VOCABULARY 53

wen 1. khar,awer, to be light (not 4. awor wisdom, ability; wortham heavy ). literature; uiorthem education; worsak trick. wem 1. kheuien: to fix for supprting a broken limb. sak 1, k(}:ak to perform a festival; k(}cisak to get a festival perform- wer 1. awer fiat, atewer thinner surface ed; k(}sakkaza good stuff; sakzat of an object as a plank of wood. marriage.

wo 1. kheteioo to crawl. 2. k(}sak to be obstructed (as flow of water in a canal); khaTjasak 2. khewo grass. to collide; sakta appearance. 3. ziTjtunwo evening star, zi'f]thanwo

morning star. 1. k(}S(}TJto go up on land.

wok 1. khawok to be the first day after 2. '"h(}I'(}saIJ to live together; as(}"f) the new moon day. group; asa-r,aram community; misaTj group of· men; raysaTj 2. kha'j(}wok to burst off (bottle). soldier; sal,naw dynasty, lineage; saTJzanSa offering given by a 3. khar,awok to hop (frog etc.); man who has just settled in a wokrumra galloping. village. 4. wokra nor mal tone in singing. 3. kakasan to feed to make fat (pig ). wot 1. .wot thing; wotsak conduct. sat 1. kasat to collect creepers for won 1. hheioon blossom; mawon paddy preparing ropes; kacisat to make flower; awon flower; meyuon to collect creeper. flame; miwon incarnation; wonthe decoration. 2. kaf,at to hide in order to am bush someone. 2. kheuon to transfer. 3. ciset eight. 3· kheioon to disguise; mawon fortune. san 1. kacisan to make to go up; asen 4. nitikhamawon objection. uphill; khasankahay to plant. 2. kasan lower garment; santhiTjra wor 1. kheuior to sit on a branch or lower garment of women. post regularely. 3. 1psan custom. 2. kh~wor to swell.

3. khaT,awor to start cutting on a sap 1. kas(}p to be able to do; to qs different side; to start singing sufficient; par,sap ability, capa- when the other party has stopp- sity; sasap capasity, ed; at.noor pair; "aworthat two partys having the same score. 2. kakasap to moisten. 54 D. N. S. l'IHAT'

1. k~s'iJp to remove grains from 3. remsa uncultivated land. the husking hole; kaciS'iJp to make to remove grains. 4. consaehau:bag.

sak 1. k~sfJm to adjust frame of a 1. l?asak to be left out as trees in window. a forest cultivation, or cocks in a stroke of desease; to leave a place in a calamity. s~m 1. kasa1n to be rightious,

2. kasam to sharpen (axe); kacis- 1. kasd'fjrak after sometime. em to make to sharpen. sail 1. kasa'fj to be rich. 3. kakasam to drive cattle. 2. kasa'fj to be cool; to have a 4. asem lid; morsem secret; peculier sensation in the teeth zemsem pitcher for wine. due to eating ice; rtosat; cool water.. 1. afam stale food; zatsem cold food; sasem .stale meat. 3. saT1kh(Jm iron ring of a spade; khaysa'fj handle of dao s~y 1. kasay to pull; to smoke. 4. m(Jsan division of territory; remsat, territory; hsrsat; gate of L kasay to feel sour in the teeth; a village. khar,asa y to throb (pain); asay strong wine; kasaythay kind of sat 1. kasat to cut a tree with a dao; fruit. khafjasat to bit at One another with swords; kacisat to make to 2. kasay to chew. cut; kUtsat thorn. 3. kasay to carry objects by the 2. khemesa: to speak ill of some help of the beak (bird); khaTJ(}say one from behind; khonsa: curse. to pull out from another's basket; to pick up quickly and 3. asat level ground. greedily. 4. ninsat manner, style. 4. sevronri« sweat; sayranrm id. 5. sat kind of worm eating away the roots of paddy plants. 1. khaTjasar to take care of; cansar place above the oven for keeping 6. sat calamity; kumsat epidemic; chilly, fish etc.; phw.Sar place kutrasat mishap. above the oven for drying paddy 7. kecisa: to make to hear; to etc.; sarwa priest. announce. sa 1. kasa to be thick; l?hiJmasd to be 1. kasdn to announce; ziT}San broad; khamasa to be very wide. date; ca'fjsan counting of months (calander): misan population. 2. kasd kind of insect found in shirt ets.: r(Jysa white ant. 2. khiJ'fjasan to look out. 3. khamasdn to cool something; to sa 1. kasa to hear; mi1,sa title. relax. 2. sakha hundred. 4. hasdn chisel. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 55 san 1. kasan to frame table etc. saw 1. khuksaw knee.

2. kasan waist. saw 1:- kesaw to hit, hammer; khaYjasaw 3. consan border of cloth. to beat one another; khamasaw to be energetic (ox); kecisau. 4. kacisan to make someone rich; to make to hit; risawru'fj anvil. sanphu'fjlucky place where, if one lives, will become rich. 2. khe'f(Jsaw to come up (waves). sap 1. kasap to fix feathers to the cap SI 1. kakasi to drive away (hens or or in the house. pigs ). 2. as! rags; astaruy torn out and sam 1. kasdm to perform ceremony soiled cloth; tosi wick (lamp l; connected with the death of a con$isay rags, wick. person; kacisdm to get death ceremony performed. 1. kaM to make a sorry face for : si not getting something (child ). 2. raysam steep wall on the side of a levelled ground; samoa» 2. kasi to decay (beans); kakaSi to heighest wall in a house' harden by mixing cooked beans samnem lower side of a house: with salt. 3. asi blood; hU1,sivery red; hoksi say 1. kasay to lie with face upwards; pig's blood. to lean back. 4. si relative; casi relatives belonging to the same clan; 2. say tribute; sasay share given masi according to one's slatus. relative by marriage etc. 5. 1.asithatch. say 1. kasay to eat fruit etc.; kacisay to make to eat; to provide for 6. Yjaysi rich man; yaYjkaSi enemy; sameone; asay food stuff stored yarsiyo beautiful man; rasiyo beautiful woman; hansi one who by rat etc. in the hole; saynen dose not associate with others; left-out bits of food; masayway· cum big wooden vessel used for khuemisima stranger. storing rice. . 7. radi time- table for community 2. kha'fjasay to collect subscription. work 3. kasay sinew. 8. sasikeha» to find it difficult to do 4. consisay rags; wick. due to some obstruction; hatiii- kahay to find it difficult to speak; 5. say small bridge; sayron ladder. thuykasi to find it difficult to I grow; sa'ykasi to find it difficult sar 1. kasar to light ( lamp l. to eat. 2. kasar to do something prohibit- 9. hansikeha» to be very glittering; ed; khamasar to do something hU'jsikahay to be very red; csrsi- slightly. kahay to be very white. 56 D.N. S. BHAT

10. siyakhg measure of length from sIn 1. kgSin to replace; to pay back thumb to index finger; sipum money. space between the shoulder blade and ribs. sin 1. kgsin to superwise. 2. asin very strong wine. sik 1. khg'fjgsilz to join; 'c,gsik company, 1. kasip fo tie up branches in fenc- team. sip ing. 2. kgkasik to hit hard before breaking a stone; to tap in order to sim l. khamgsim to have pricking see whether a pot is broken or sensation in the foot. not. sim l. kgSim to be sweet. 3. khdfjsikkghay to feel heavy while lifting; llgkhunsikl?ghay to 2. kha'fjasim to grow closely feel heavy while pulling. (without leaving any gaps ); Simkha thicket (like that of 1. kgSi'fj to be clever; SiYjtg cleverly; bomboo ). :f thgyf,i-nkghay to see and under- 3, Sim 'house; Simsgk shape stand thoroughly; sasinkghay of a house; ngr!iim cage; to hear and understand thorou- zaisim wooden grannery; ghly. simkgt trespassing (house etc. ); Simr,acafj part of the roof 1. kgsirj to obstruct (sunlight); to that stretches out; SimtwfJ top cover with cloth, lid etc. ; of the roof; simihinra materials khg'f)asi'f) to be cloudy; to fly for building a house; simthafj- together (birds); f;i'flkhgm door. that; furniture, utensils etc; 2. khgmgsin to be barren; to be- simplZilrat buffello etc. born and come very fat (pigs ). reared up in the house; simphu1] place for building a house; 3. mgsiYj number. Simpho exension of a house; 4. 'fjghunSi'fj half ( of distance). Simmay one who commands respect in the house but timid outside; simrap raised ground sit 1. kgSit to get scorched (food); on the sides of a house; simco kgcisit to scorch food while empty house; simruykgt heir; cooking. simrut; floor; simruy larch, bolt; simconruykon property; 2. khg'fjasit to promise. simsen guest house; simzanaio 3. khgmgsit to be intimate. relatives on both the male and female side; sim zun a close 4. haysitkghiY to put again; relative; simsak ~hape of a pasitkghay to read again; house; SirnSgfmaW relatives on thgysitkghay to see again; the same leniage;simsari things ha1Jkasit to say again; sakgsit used to decorate a house. to do again; zgtkgsit to walk again. sir 1. kaSir to box. TA1\"KHCR :>OAGA YOCABCLARY 57 sir 1. khar,aSir to be twins; to have sup 1. k

7. sUtkiJr kind of small dove; hupuy 2. Il

S. SUJ.wa men-folk; :~lUWUl women- soY]khar motorable road; sOl,con folk. small road (old path); sO'i,zat travelling allowance; SO"fJ~ue sw 1. kahu to bark at a stranger (dog). road; ~I.zvt gaity, manner of walking; so-r,za id. 2. kiJs/;~t'to learn to do something. 4. lzaha~O"fIbamboo shoot. 3. hasttt to take after the form of mother or father (baby). sot 1. kocisot to release.

se'll 1. ka§eYj to be disti.nct. son 1. kasan to germinate; ason flower-bed; iethason shoot of sem 1. kesem. to frame (table etc .. ); to tetlia bamboo. pile up ( books ). 2. kas6n to heap up; khvmason to so 1. khaYjasa to leave off slough be a high place. ( snake), or outer layer (tree); afjaSa slough; sorakhau: bag. son 1. keson to be weak due to old age. so 1. kaso to open (door); kakaso to 2. k

1. kasak to be difficult. 2. khar,(JS"11Z to bargain for price.

'J kasak to be costly. 3. sam hair; hoksem pig's hair; ssmkecicepemi barber; semton 3. klnr,asiJk to make to do some- lock of hair; semsta lock of hair thing; wykha"(,(Js(Jk to make to tied together. eat; pakh(J"(,(Js(Jk to make to read; wakhtJ'fj(Js(Jk to make to S;;IY 1. kas(JY to make human sacrifice go; asek structure; sims(Jk . ( as when starting for a war); shape d.' a house; themsek art; Mmn()sJY id. (before bu ilding a uiorsek thick; wotsak conduct; clam etc.). Phmsak figure ( body). 2. kha',

2. sa animal; sake; path in the 2. sfl1,khum secluded place forest used by animals; sacikhur surrounded by hills. narrow path of animals; sacon 3. sm,siJYrancid fat. pit for catching animals; saSim zoo; part of the forest where sat 1. khiJljiJsat to be rotton, wild animals live; sahi« hunting dog; remsa wild animal- sacey san 1. kesan to be disgusted. whip; sahem kind of wild animal; sahuy skin of an ani- 2. kssan to scoup out (mud ). mal; saha wool; sarJalJ smell of 3. khemesan to die in a battle. an animal; saYjay id.; sa'fjun dead body of an animal; satak 4. asan length. the place where animals usually come; sathip place where ani- sam 1. khenesam to stop. mals usually stay; sathaui fat; 2. samve» husked rice; same sapek» a bold single animal; broken rice; samhsmphuc cane saho bladder; sathik bile; sahak or wooden basket for rice. place between the thighs.

3. sa meat; hoksa pork; sakaw say 1. kasdy to . a dy field; ruysay dried meat; saray meat cut into group of paddy fields. different shares according to the amount one is paying; sacum say 1. kiJsay to do something slightly basket used for keeping meat; without using strength; sohup boiled meat; satet, a solid sakiJkasay to be accustomed to piece of meat; saset: ways of do; saykiJkiJsay to be accustomed cutting meat for sharing; sasen: to eat. stale meat; sasay share given 2. khamasay to be naked; to be according to one's status; empty. arausa meat of the outer section; awuksa meat of the inner sar 1. kesar to be: old; old; kesarsem portion. grey hair.

4. phUtsa body; asa id.; sanuy soft saw 1. kesaui to plough; kecisaui to part of the body (as the flesh make to plough; ruysaw time coming up on a cut ); S";;zri'fjsoft for ploughing the paddy field. part of a baby's body; moksa boil. 2. saw spinning top.

5. merisa hardware; raysari 3. saun lover (male ). armour. sl 1. kiJsi to draw out water from a 1. kiJsa to be hot; nasa hot water. pit in a rice field to catch fish. sak 1. kiJsak to become stale (wine etc.); si 1. kiJsi to filter; hehosi to drizzle. sasak ramnent work. 2. kesi to shave; lluykiJse barber. 1. kesat; to be tall. 3. riksi kind of broad comb. TANKHDR ~AGA VOCABULARY 61

4. mesi air, wind; mesikhon sun 1. khaYjaszm to join together; . whistling; siphmzi'fjrot storm. atesun planks of wood joined together. f.. zikrisi slightly . black; hUYjrisi slightly red; minrisi half-ripe; 2. khiJ'fVlSUn to ecrease (water cersikeha» to be very white; level ). hU1Jsil?ahayto be very red. sum 1. kasum to surrender ( buffelo to 6. si winter. another one in a fight ). 7. situy thin type of sand; sira 2. asum spot with thickly growing thick type of sand; star; siruuru: grass in a meadow. milky way; sirapa» glow worm; siraroiheke group of stars. suv 1. kiJSuy to persuade.

8. siruy buffelo (general); siuia SUY 1. kasuy to pull out; khemesuy to kind of wild pig (male); siuru: skin a tree; kaka3uy to be id. (Iamale ). magnetic (iron); to sip; asuy good tempered; khdysuy fish- 9. sihztp piece of cloth used to hook. cover the breasts; pasi kind of headwear. 3. khiJ'fjasuy to valley during. 10. sdu:ty wooden hammer used to pound vegetables. 4. khamasuy to sacrifice (before cutting a tree etc. ). sik 1. kasik to be cool (weather ); 5. misuy kind of desease due to kasikthay horripulation, which the body swells up. 2. khamiJsik to pinch. 6. saykhamasuy to be accustomed to eat; thaykhamasuy to be accustomed to see; sakhamasuy to sill 1. kesi», to hold. be accustomed to hear. sin 1. kha'fjiJsin to contest; to shake hands; kecisin to make to hold; suy 1. kasuy pointed sticks of bamboo. asin contest; handle; Pansin handle; parjsinkha handful (of sur 1. kasur to squeeze; khaYjasur to flower etc ): sinkh» bunc of become smaller; kakiJsur to have vegetable etc. attacks of epilepsy; kecisur to make to squeeze. sim 1. kakasim to sniff ( dog ). 2. asur group. 3. sur whirlwind. suI} 1. kha'fjasuYj to be an antagonist.

2. kha'fjiJsuYj to be steep; khemsut; sm 1. kastu to put fire to a pasture. to swell up ( cake ). 2. kesu« to poke at by head or sut 1. hosu: to pull out (nail etc. ). snout. 2. aiesu: anniversary. 3. khaflaStu to wash ( cloths). r

62 D. T S. BIL\'f

4. khemesta to tie; ssmstu lock of, so 1. kaso to praise: lsh» JS,) c,) hail: tied together (women); associate wi th; !?I13J7laso to be ku,yszu pigtail ( men's ). brought up in a luxurious way; 5. thisu« born immediately after. kClkClso to ask, order ; mssohot calling name (short ): t.maso- 6. rumrtasuc slightly warm water. keha» to be worth heating; 7. khClrikClsut thief. saysokClhay to be worth eating.

2. morso snout. sUt 1. kClsHt to prick; to heat and inse- rt as the hilt of a dao into its 1. kasok to draw out (water); handle; zaysu; kind of small sok kClcisok to make to draw out; spear. asokrta diluted wine.

se 1. sehdy place to keep cow etc. 561\ 1. khar;Clso() to limp. 2. kuykese barber. so'll 1. atesot; top end e back sek 1. kasek to comb; to scoup out rice bone; 'fjaSO'fjrUl i from the container with a basket; khe (,CIsek to gore. sot 1. kekeso: to investigate secretly; to inform,; t.esotnaso friend. 2. khsmesel; to be full (as a good grain-not blighted ). son 1. keson to keep down load [rom se'fj 1. khCll;aSe1j to move together (fish); sorneones back; kheieson to ar,Clseri group of fish moving postpone; kecison to cause to together. keep down load from someone 's back; hemson place near a sen 1. khemesen to scrape off with hearth to keep down vessels; spade. khstesor: to move down in sleep. sern 1. kesem to pile up; kecisem to cause to pile up; asem pile; sop 1. sop kind of basket carried on ytCTjsera stones with which sit der witl; a ead-rope; mouth of a Cave containing dead soj>kay, sopray, tan sop varieties body is closed; kesem to frame of sop baskets. (a table ). som 1. kesom. to settle; kakClsom to give ser 1. kClser to tear. water to the edge of dao, knife etc.; kecisom to give place to ser 1. keser to tuck in (firewood );aser settle. ways of putting firewood in a 2. khdws01n grasshopper with a basket. big belly. 2. keser to blossom ( paddy plant ). s6r 1. maysof cheek.

3. keser to go astray ( cow). sor 1. kesor uneven ( edge of a plank). TANKHUR i'."AGA YOCAUUL,\RY 63

sor 1. kasor to exaggerate. of a spear; zevmecta pointed iron bit ",of a spear; zsymeco id.; 1, kaknak to make the starting cut zsyuar pointed edge of a spear; for splitting firewood. zsysi« kind of small spear. 2, z()k shrpe, feature: z()kmay 2. kezeynaio persons living in hell; shape of a body. IWZ(}Y1'am hell.

1. keze), to get down: kecizet, to z;)r 1. kezer to ooze out juice from a send down, tree; Idza",azar id.; azer sticky 2. kaza'" to enter, include; to take liquid coming out of a tree; part in a party. azernep id. 2. Ilallazar to split. Z;;lt 1. kezet to walk, go; kecizot to 3. zsrpani brother and sister. make to walk or go; ~OI.Z(}t gaity, manner of walking. za 1. .IF; kind of rice ( not 2, zotkhas, feast. sticky J. zemza saliva; zanet; left out food. zan 1. k(}z(}n to be sharp. 2. kaza woodworrn- 2. kh(}',fJz(}n to be weak. 3. zariti ant. 3. simun guest house; S(}YlzfJllsa 4. sorjza gaity ; manner of walking; offering given by a man who zahaioun« thin girl. has just settled in a village. 5. thfJrzakahay to be very clean. 4. kecizen to burry. 6. khanzana girdle. zap 1. khfJ1n(}zfJp to taste. 1. kakaza to be sick. zam 1. zem. wine ( rice ) ; zfJms(}m pitcher for wine; zgmthill zak 1. kezal: to give up protection of wooden tube for drinking. parents ( birds ).

2. zemea saliva. za'll 1. at,fJZa-i) stalk of a fruit. 3. satk(}kaz()m to cut into pieces; zat 1. kezat desease; kazatporl village makayk(}kazam to bite into from which deseases usually pieces; serkekezem to tear into spread. pieces. 2. zat food; zatetm« starch; zatmer- 4. zamthakhiJ measure of length ato scum of boiled rice; zatsem from thumb to ring finger. cold food; zatsim. wooden gran- nerv: sekza: marriage; sotea; Z;}y 1. k(}Z3Y to talk ironically. travelling allowance; seyza: fod- der. zay 1. kiJz(}y spear; ZfJYSUt kind of small spear; ZtJyko back part of a spear; 3. mar kakazat to peck many times; z(}ykhaY'fJaha all sorts of wea- stahskeza! to prick many times; pons; Z()yphm wooden portion tokekezat to poke many times. 64 D. N. S. BHAT ~ ! zan 1. kazan to pull out with great 6. zitltun sunset; west; zi1]tunwo difficulty. evening star; zir,than dawn; 2. mezan bunch ( of maize). zi1Jthonwo' morning star; zi1]yorsun midday; zi1]ran sun's zap 1. zatzapkahay to walk on wet path. ray; ziccer sunlight; zirlso sunrise, east. zay 1. kazay to construct a small dam by 7. zi1Jpa drops of rain; zitru« using planks of wood. rainwater; zi'fjrotnu id. 2. kazay to sacrifice. 3. k(}zay thread; kezayru: cotton zin 1. kazin to tie grass into bundles thread. for thatching. 2. Tjazin evening. zay 1. k{)zay to give a lead in group singing. zip 1. kha'laziP to be strong, firm. 2. kakazip .,'fore, gather, pile up. zar 1. kezar to be accustomed to (fighting, smoking etc. ). zim 1. kazim to suck; khorzim thin 2. kezar to have uncropped hair; bamboo straw used to suck rice to have grass growing wildly beer; ranzim kind of bamboo in the garden. used for sticking water, liquor etc; zimkhor tube of stag horn 3. kezar to be busy. used for sucking out poison zaw 1. kazaw thick brass bracelet. from a snake bite. zi 1. kazi to absorb; carlzi darkness zir ~1. kezir to swell up (belly). due to the absence of moon. 2. hUr,zir reddish ( as a new born 2. khal,azi to be tight; na.zinaira» baby). stoney place. 3. zimik sun; zimikiun west; zuk 1. mazuk a" instrument to dig zimikso east. holes. zik 1. kazik to be black; kazikthay kind zuy\ 1. rayzun hillock. of black beens; zikfJaysay slightly black complexion; zikrisi zut 1. 1,azizutkahay to be very tight. slightly black. 1. khar,azun to give to y instead 1. khar:azin to be stingy. zun of giving to x because x has to 2. kharlazi1] to hide oneself. give the same amount or thing 3. khemezit; to be the lower one; to y; a1jaZU11money etc. given aeiti below; south; azirjS01] lower to y instead of to x. place. 2. kekszun to hunt. 4. kazi1J sky; zillyat weather; 3. kscizun to place a prop as for siphanzi1]fot storm. a leaning ti ee; iseun partner; 5. zi1]kum year; zi1]san date. Simzuna close relative. , TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 65

zun 1. a'fJ(Jzun the place where some- zo~ 1. kezot; to be supported ( building thing was placed. etc. ).

2. kezot; to ':lave bends or bulges zuy 1. k(Jk(JZuy to dig up thoroughly in a beam. ( as when searching for hidden money); r(Jpk(Jk(Jzuy to cut into zon 1. kh(J"f)(Jzon to give hand in carry- pieces; sak(Jk(Jsuy to do into ing a big object. pieces; k(Jwtk(Jk(Jsuy to cut into pieces. 2. anuyzon very tender.

zur 1. k(Jzztr to have plenty of rains. %orn 1. kekezom to mix ( different kinds of seeds for sowing ). ZUl 1. kmu to be clever, skillful; to touch the mark as in shooting. zor : 1. k(Jzor bamboo pipe for leading water. 2. k(JcizUl to point out. hak 1. kh(J1.(JhfJkto put a co .•13'n. ze 1. khemeze to be the lower one; aze lower one. hak 1. k

3. hen curry; hankharlty fried 6. hem pot; 'l]fJrfJyham earthen pot; curry; henn« soup; henason re'f)ce'f)ham earthen cup t ink kind of grass used as vegetable; rice beer etc.; samhe ~ cane henasom another variety of the or wooden bask for rice; same; henahsn, hentekhen, hemkesami potter; hamkuy brim hencenhsn, hsncamhen varieties • of a pot; hemtem place to keep of vegetables; hanthirlhanra veg- pots; hamputhampay earthen- etables; henthothap id.; hannuy ware; hemson place near the fresh, tender vegetables; hansi hearth to keep down pots. kind of very tasty oil seed; hensira» dish made of hansi; 7. sahsm kind of wild animal. hanso id. ham 1. kaham to compromise. 4. hanphut place for sacrifice. 2. kharf,ham to lay on one's back; hap 1. kahap to persuade; to reach a kaciham to feel giddy. thing above or on the side due 3. ha'(lhamkahay to say a little; to: wind (as a spreading fire); pahamkahay to read a little; kakahap to persuade someone thayhamkahay to see a little. not to do a thing. kha:.ahfJy 2. kha'f)ahap to decrease (water h~v 1. to push with the level of a river, or something in shoulder (to nudge); khamahfJy number ); rut hap stone slab for to keep away ( as an enemy). regulating water supply from a 2. ruthfJy bamboo pipe used for river to a canal. carrying tobacco liquid. 3. khamahap to have a lucky hay 1. kahay to seperate rice from husk. tongue. 2. kakay to work with brass metal; 4. sahapkahay to hear slightly; kakahay to flash a mirror. thayhapkahay to see slightly. 3. kahay to become slant; kha'f)a- hay to stand slantingly. ham 1. kehem. to winnow. 4. kacihay to be terrified. 2. kehem to spread a mat; h8mkapi mat, bed-sheet. 5. mahay fortune. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 67

6. cihayrtU sugercane juice; ttahe» a child ); hari gums; hatam sugercane. adult animal, cow that has not yet calved. hay l! kahay to rub againnst a tree etc. ( buffalo). ~ 5. kaha bamboo; hayan small

/ variety of bamboo; hauna big 2. kah'ay to transfer from one pot variety of bamboo; thitnarha to another. different kinds of plants and har 1. kahar to move a big stone with vegetables; kahasoYJ bamboo a lever; kheteher to have one's shoot; hapha handle of an axe. leg caught in a pit accidentally 6. mehara harvest song; mehatem heriat, gate of a village. harvest time. 2. kharflhar to cook rice and millet 7. risha black ant with stings; together. hacati fly; hapt« short, big fly' 3. kakahar Io rebuke. hamehara insects (usua coming in jhe evening ). 4. heruc egg ( of hen) ; harwa cock; heruna hen that has started to 1. khamaha to dream a future lay eggs; hercay place where hen event; ameha unreal (as some- sleeps; herso hen that has not thing appearing in one's dream). yet started to lay eggs; harnaw chicken; harthip place where hen hak 1. kahak to divide- hair, or grass lays eggs; harkat evening (time while passing through a field; when hen goes to its sleeping khamahak to be chocked; sahak place ); rusher kind of black bird. place between the thighs.

ha 1. kahd to spin twist. hail 1. kehat; to say. 2. khemehat: to be black. 2. khaYJahd to nurse. 3. kapaha'fl to expose oneself to sun; 3. ahii feather; mayhahairgrowing remhat; open place, waste land. on the cheeks; mikha eyelash; morhd moustache; saha wool; 4. khuyhaYJ honey comb; ahai, hueha fur of dogs. honey or egg plates in a bee hieve, ha 1. keha to select. 5. harJ

3. khaYJaha to crack (stone); hare hat 1. kahat to saw, reap; khemehat to chips of wood; hasdn chisel; ciha be cut (by razer orstraw);amahat mark left by someone walking a cut. (on grass etc. ). 2. kh&YJ&hatto fight (as wild bear). 4. ha tooth; seyha tooth of a buffalo; haku« tooth-ache; haput 1. kahat to make someone become time for the teeth to fall off (in bankrupt. 68 D.N. .s. BRAT

I han 1. kahan to load a gun. 7. hay sexual organ of women; ~ayto'(Jnavel; hayzo id. 2.: kahan to be bright. 8. meha» charcoal, 3. khaf,ahan to ask; tuyhan ways of speaking; canhan ways of hay 1. kahay to be poisonus or bad asking. smelling ( as water in a hookah). 4. kecihan to expect. 1. heir armlet. 5. hanSi one who doesnot associate with others. har 1. kahar to open ( book); to spread out wings. ham 1. kiJhdm to be full of water 2. ru'(}har sharp, pointed stone. (paddy field).

haw 1. kahaw to start; kacihaw to husk ham 1. keham to be a shiny day. paddy for the first time (when 2. kiJkiJham to burn the hair of a just the outer cover is pig with grass; to burn down removed ); acihaui paddy wings of bees. thrashed once only. hay 1. kahdy to place, put; sehdy place 2. kha1

3. kakahdy to shout in singing. 5. rU'fjhaw kind of red stone. hay 1. khiJ1fJhay to have water etc. 6. hawmayaw lower grament coming out of the eye due to ( men ); hauira upper grament. some desease. haw 1. kahaw to be charitable. 2. khemsha» to be lucky; sahay kind of stone supposed to bring hi 1. hi this; hithay like this; hipa good luck in hunting; ahay kind this one; hirikha this much; his01J of stone kept in the grannery to this side. bring luck; rihay stone erected in trent of a king 's house; 2. hi boat- rUYlhayra pebble. hik 1. kahik to be adament. 3. kakiJhay to throw ( a stick or a log of wood ). 2. kiJhik to suffocate; khamahik to get the hot smell of chilly; 4. kiJcihay to be wellcooked (grain). kakiJhik to have breathing trou- 5. kapahay to keep a pot near the ble due to crying for a long time oven. (baby). 6. :wayruyhay wooden gate. 3. ahik blighted seed; amahik id. TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULAY 69 hill 1. khamahin to sprain. hun 1. kahun to transfer liquid from one pot to another with the help of a hill 1. kahi'fj to be smooth and shining; wooden tube. kha'fjahi'fJ to slip off (handle of dao ); 'flumhiYJkahay to be compl- 2. kahun to bend down (branch); etely round. kacihun to bend something; acih-. un broken pieces of stick et r 2. kakahi'fl to blow through a hole ahun piece of wood; a'fja/zun . ,; (wind ). khst.ehun to cut into pi 3. sayhir;kahay to eat too much and thir,hun peg; YJahunpat half ( of have stomach pain etc. stick, rope etc. ); "I;ahunpum half ( of stick, rope etc. ); 'fjahunpum hin 1. kakahin to obstruct (sight or half ( distance); 'fjahunsiYJid, light ); akahin obstruction, 4. sayhunkahay to be not very hir 1. kahir to hiss (snake) eager to eat: haflhunkahay to be not very eager to speak; huk 1. kahuk to be an egg that does not sahunkahay to be not very hatch. eager to work. 2. kahuk to resent; kacihuk to make 5. hunkh» promptly; hunkhari to resent ( as by locking a boy in quickly. a room). 3. rahuk very soft ground. hun 1. sahunkahay to do rashly without thinking; haYJhUnkahay to hii.'tj 1. kahUYJto be red; hU'fjrisi slightly speak rashly without thinking. red; hUt,Phl very red; hU''fjpa- . rar,salJ reddish brown (body); hup 1. kahup to boil ( potato etc. ) hUflpawsaw reddish ( rice etc. ); sahup boiled meat. hU·J,rewsew slightly red; hU1,si ·2. khiJl,iJhup to put on (shoes ); very red; !zunzir reddish (as a sihup piece of cloth used to new born baby). cover the breasts; rtuhup turban. hu'l 1. saykhamahu'f] to be just eating; thaykhamahulj to be just looking. 3. khiJ'fYJhuPto produce marks on 2. kapahu'fj to be blighted. mud ( birds). 4. huptiJ altogether. hUll 1. kahUrj neck; ht'l,kakon to be humpbacked. hum 1. kahum to sit with the head bent hut 1. kacihut to be numb (leg etc. due down ( esp. when one is sleepy); to sitting for a long time). ahum very foolish fellow. 2. 1,ahutcun gray colour. 2. ahum. bee-hieve; khuyhum id,

him 1. sallahUn to do partly; saykahUn 3. hummuc big wooden hammer; to eat partly. humuna kind of hammer. 70 D. N. S. BHAT huv 1. kahuy to mix mud with seed that that remains after harvesting; is sown; kacihuy to make to reyhu« residue. mix mud with the seed that is 8. cihsa dust. , sown. 9. sothsu road. huy 1. kahuy to be late, slow. 10. hue dog; huenaw puppy; htara 2. kha'jahuy to respond to a call; to female dog that has not yet hum (as when carrying a load). produced puppys; huaoa male 3. kapahuy to expose oneself to dog; hutwut female dog; hucha sun. fur of a dog; ramhia wolf. 4. ahuy skin; sahuy skin of animal. 11. khd:f)hutkahay to feel light while lifting; Yjawahutkahay to be very 5. huy ginger; huyrulj kind of light. ginger. 12. cerhuc window. huy 1. kahuy to show partiality. hek 1. kahek to pluck flowers; khamahek 2. kahuy to court, make love to. to have a jolly life.

3. kahuy to row a boat. 2. kakahek to cry hens while going to lay eggs or while coming out 4. khal/ahuy to fade (colour ). after lying eggs.

5. kahuy pointed sticks used to 1. khafphe1j to slip off. build dams; karhuy id. 2. heisate immediately. hut" 1. kah1~rto fan; kakahur to emit 1. to be surplus; to be smoke or steam; amehur vapour. hen kehen excess ( as drinking ). hw 1. kehtu to thatch; mayhue bonfire; her 1. keher to branch out (paddy canhi« soot in the kitchen; plant. kehu« to spread out (parasitic plant ). 2. ksher to throw (small things) khafpher to throw at one an- 2. kelu« to help in fighting. other. 3. khaljahue to foment (apply heat 3. khafpher to boil up ( intr ); to a swelling) khemehu« to kakah'er to make to boil. become stiff due to cold (finger etc. ) 4. heteher to be in a row; aYjaher row. 4. kakahtu to press a wound with the finger. 5. kakaher to flow down ( water )r ruther waterfall. 5. kecihi« to perform a burrial ceremony; cihmpam cemetery. 6. conher manner of wearing cloth. 6. kahut kind of rat. hew 1. kh(f(jahew to compare (colou ; 7. mahue stumps of a paddy plant etc. ) TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 71

2. khemeheui to feel itching hot 1. kohot to scratch; kecihot to mak, sensation due to touching barn- to scratch. coo. 2. khfJ1j(}hot to invite; mesohot h6 1. pm,rifjhO index finger; "i'f)ho calling name ( short ). ring finger; runho middle finger. 3. kokehot to carry a baby on the back with the help of a cloth; ho 1. keho to call; khemeho to be akehoi ways of carrying a baby. popular; kekeho to applaud. 2. keciho to release; to send (a boy). hon 1. kshon to put on ( shirt etc. ). 3. ucorho begger. 2. kehon to fix together (parts of a furniture ). 4. rtuho ways of tying a rope. 5. aho bladder; saho id.; ho urinal hon 1. kehon to drive away birds from bladder. the fied. 6. horam place covered with hail 2. kh(}fj(}hon to put on hat or shirt; stones. khemshon to wear ceremonial dress; to perform a show of hok 1. kehok to tie ( cattle etc. ) dance etc.; ahon case (as of a sword); payhon piece of skin 2. kh(}'fWhok to put off. tied around the leg while 3. hok rig; hokkho1j plate to keep fighting; khayhOn wooden food for pigs; hoksi pig's blood; sheath, hoksem pig's hair; hoks« pig's 3. '(jahon stored up provisions of flesh; hoksakaw dried pork; the previous year. hoksathaw pig's fat; hokhay enclosure for pigs; hokkhay 4. acihon hen's stomuch, gate for the enclosure for pigs. hon 1. kahon to be expecting someone. hoq 1. kehor; to be ready to fight hop 1. kha/jahop to put on (shoes). (buffalo etc. ). 2. kehot, to migrate. horn 1. kehom to look after (cows); kecihom to make to look after. 3. kM'()fJho1j to be full of forests; tehot; forest; 'fjahO"fjcum(Ja big 2. kehom to divorce. forest; tehotcumuna id. 3. kehom to hold in two spread 4. khemehot; to be naked; kfJp(}ho'f) arms ( water etc, ); patjhomkha id.; whotmaso common man; handful ( rice etc. ). lower people. 4. kha'fjahom to chase, persue. 5. hot; kind of trap for catchig birds etc. horn 1. kehom to put firewood into the oven; kha'fjfJhom to keep in the hOll 1. kfJho'fj to be abundent. mouth without swallowing. ~~. ------~~------~~------

72 D. N. S. BHAT·

h6r .1. kha-nah6r to gather ( people ). catrahor moonlight; cihorcop charming sight. hor 1. kshor to throw ( big things); to abanden; kha,whor to throw 3. khaY}ahor to grumble. stones at one another; ruY}hor ways of throwing stones. 4. khsmehor reward.

2. hshor to be lighted (room); 5. hsrtahor thin membrane just kha·~ahor to have holes or leaks inside the shell of an egg; ahor in the roof, wall etc.; kspehor scales of fish. to expose oneself to breeze;

-, ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

atuyphiwon kind of flower avawnawsan subjects of a king apurhop froth in the mouth avoklathay kind of bean apunruy a ball of thread arankham entrance to mole's nest aphora page aranwar kind of mushroom acakum last year ariarap all around acarakho ancient time ariksi mane of a horse acahon recently, a few days aruma after a few minutes back aruY'laya last night aconthon day before yesterday aruyhon at present daughters and wives aconphirawm arroaza posterity of a king armazat food and drink acoca waste arokrw windpipe asanr ea half moon awonkatiq flower kept in a vase asama short cut ( path) katheme one whose knowledge asamsay naked is fresh in a perti- asirat part of a bird's body cular subject just below the neck kathur a part of Tangkhrul

ahawra kind of paddy kapaythav kind of fruit

ahohap membrane covering a kapikason chapter baby in the womb kopoqra kind of rice amaysom end of the back bone ~;}pothay kind of fruit amaytaren very steep wall koporthav kind of fruit amavphavrav id. kapora'l silk anawram at the end kamuyraythi'tj arriq ananwur all sorts of things kind of tree with white flowers anonan bands of tissues joining the bones kamewsavha kind of moss a'l}atlnaw infant, baby kamo southern part of Tang- khrul a"la"1pa'll kind of V21Y small mushroom kamopay kind of corn aqpavre little finger kavanhan mustard plant a'llsicon ring finger kamavaw deity, god 74 D. x. S. BRAT k;)r;) and kari cart karmthay kind of fruit karkaw spider karok throat karhum inner edge of a paddy field ksropthsv kind of vegetable kawkakur crooked earth kawathov betal nut kutru kind of eagle k;}c~r kind of rice kuntarav screw kacarthav kind of white bean kurnav show, exibition kazavthorar kind of small bird kumiq lower garment ( of kazi'llkhw lion women) kasitro kind of brown bird kuytikuyna various styles k;)ssa dwarf kuvrathin kind of tree kasakhswa god kuvravra frog kasakhowa appearence kuyra'l leopard kasathay chilly kuvei kind of sparrow kasavnokha silently kuvrum kind of worm with an kasikkosa season itching jacket kasitra kind of small bird kuyret kind of sparrow kasirrm kind of small bird (sp- kuywa kind of thorney grass arrow type) kuvsikav razer kahawthav kind of fruit kurinaw kind of very small bird k~ha kind of big honey bee kwra image in a mirror kaharmthay kind of fruit kcorarurnavot mirror kahawthay kind of fruit kaarmthav kind of thorney fruit- keho grass plant kohothin kind of tree whose ba- kmropthav cucumber rks are used for kekethin castor plant poisoning fish kokthuy cuckoo kanthon jute kokto a mythical personality kantha mattress whom people are kanrav spring season supposed to meet after death kancaw kind of small reddish rat kokriwon kind of flower kancuvthay football made of cloth kokruy plate for curry kanzak kind of seasamum kokruy kind of singing bird kanzir kind of small rat kokzaw kind of earthworm karam swan kokzawrhiq kind of tree TANKHURNAGA \;OCABtJLARY 75 konkansov kind of insect khavimkharur kind of fly kOllkuy kind of bird khavon january konkhav kind of fish khavmavthav kind of vegetable ko'llpay upper garment khar,)'l kind of leopard ko'llrat snail khara'll pa vpara kind of eagle ko'll rat1) OlyOly squirrel kharatta self konrahar kind of tree whose khoram june sticks are used to kharamwa kind of bird prepare tubes khorav kind of squirrel koqrihan kind of vegetable kharcrkb.ur kind of eagle konwa kind of small bird khararl kind of eagle catching ko1)cay kind of big worm fowl ko1)sa1) kind of precious neck- khoransesa kind of eagle lace kOll sa'l)won kind of parasitic flower kharosuq kind of basket plant khawrathav kind of fruit kOf\ha kind of bird khaqhuv hooked stick kO'f}ha1) kind of butterfly khamoqma kind of paddy koqhar kind of bat khamorkbaran kind of disease due to koqhi kind of sparrow which the body swells up kotam button khamkhuvrhov kind of fruit kotkwra kind of fish khampukthav kind of fruit komrathov kind of fruit khayko'l kind of flower kortal cymbal khayljuy kind of fish khakciha opinion of the pepole khavtak kind of fish who are not present in a discussion khavthav kind of bean khoqomra kind of paddy khavpharm kind of snake-fish khanavthay kind of fruit khavrew crab khanawthumo day after tomorrow khayphathiq kind of tree khomukthav kind of fruit khaywa kind of fish khayay kind of paddy grown khaywonra kind of small fish on the slopes of hills khayca'l}kuT kind of fish khampakthiq kind of tree khaysa'l thigh khavik kind of sparrow khayhe'l cough khayi'l) kind of precious stone khavhur frog kh~yi'll may khawathav kind of vegetable --~------

76 D. N. S. BHAT

khawpay kind of edible root tarop salery khawravpav kind of edible root tarkhathay kind of fruit khawrathov kind of fruit tasan funnel khasina revenue tatenrur starch khasin kind of paddy tathraha november khutop ring tapu kind of cane basket khumkuyra kind of fish tapunthay kind of fruit tawon kind of jute khuvniq length from the tip of middle finger to tiktareYj kind of bird elbow titi kind of reed khuypuYj kind of necklace titiwot kind of brid khuvraykuv kind of necklace tin tin khuyruy kind of basket tipYjup a spot in an open space khiathat mongoose where grass is growing densly khmnm kind of pigeon timron kind of mushroom khurra kind of cat tenkot cup khurraw western part of Tang- terarhiq silk-cotton tree khrul tontukocera kind of white flower kbmcaw three stars tontuy plantain flower khokthi small gourd vessel to pour out water tha'flkal} upper garment khokrawpithay kind of fruit thaljkwra tortoise khonkaraw trousers thamka threatening khorum. wooden sandals thampawon kind of lilly khorcop poor thayay corn plant bearing corn taYjkw kind of rat earlier than others ta'llta up to thaykeothav kind of fruit thavthukthav kind of fruit tOlnkUY outer edge of a field to collect water thaythupthav kind of fruit tampha jewel thaypirlathay kind of fruit thavpumthav kind of fruit tara pipe (a musical instrument ) thovravthav kind of fruit tarav structure thovwa kind of bird t;}rayroYj kind of tree thovrathav kind of bean toruv onion tharathay kind of corn tarerj stick to wind thread tharaw february TANKHUR NAGk VOCABULARY 77 / thar ik kind of bird paso kind of intoxicating rice dish tharuk six pi'f\pi'f\ra kind of paddy tharom kind of rat pithraysa brass metal thata without reason pukhari tank thikavkhs two khuynil) kind of fruit thikco kind of tree punton kind of big frog thiqrayrur vein purhum kind of, basket thinravrer kind of creeper penkav sop thifjrw kind of wood-pecker ponu'fj bed room thifjcik;)rra kind of game played pora gunny bag with two sticks (one poro.) kind of small basket long and one short) phanorm kind of creeper used thi'f\zi kind of timber tree to make fishing thi'f\SUl kind of timber tree nets thin san kind of tree phammur robbery thenku tortoise phar thav kind of poisonus plant with red nuts thora equals in age phako wall p;)yrapay kind of corn phanvay lower garment ( of paravnawsan women and children women) PClWU'f\ owl phatop prison pshaw kind of creeper whose phanwon kind of white flower skin is used as a cockroach rope phawraw phinam kind of long grass pafjfj.mok paddy plant which has used for thatching started to grow just phirawm lion after replanting phiraw naw sons of a king pailmon priest pho'lhw levelling plough paynanrw kind of creeper m;)ya'fjth;)y kind of fruit payrinthir; kind of tree whose movaqpav potato leaves are hung at the door on the day mayofjraij kind of millet paddy is SOwn mayafjrofj kind of apple tree paycafjpay kind of edible root maytey Manipuri people pavsartn kind of creeper maypak kind of bird with payhurkhuy beetle forked tail paronma kind of paddy maymai\ra kind of paddy pala kind of soft bamboo mayhi ship 78 D. N. s. BHAT

m~r~pray kind of disease elephant maravmora shrewd .- kind of a game similar big crab to chess kind of bean used to mamaca dim prepare a drink mavtovpav sweet potato marahunrur hook meant for relea- mavtaywon , kind of flower sing the arrow (in mavnirthay kind of bean a bow ) mavravwon kind of red flower morum kind of winged white ant marara kind of paddy merumcikuy kind of small bird masw kind of paddy marethav kind of long bean masi boat maremrazay kind of small bird mikzurlathav kind of fruit mitza kind of small honey .marewthin kind of grass used as bee medicine for ear ache muyya cloud maroqthav kind of bean morsummorsimo rat maca kind of grass napkuyrathov kind of fruit mozathav kind of fruit namrav kind of onion namra spices mazanthav kind of fruit naynur kind of insect mazam big kind of bee with various colours navnm earthquake m;)zaythi1j kind of tree naysi kind of bird mazir kind of rat with a long nawsimthay kind of fruit snout nanathov kind of banana with masunthiq kind of tree many seeds nanithov kind of small banana mazuv kind of musical instru- leaf of nanithay ment (played by wo- namuyna men by the teeth) naci temple mosora cloves nacothov measels masanra kind of fish nasukrapay kind of edible root masavthin kind of tree nasm wild dove kasithon kind of vegetable ninzfkma kind of paddy mahaysop kind of sop basket riimsimrtnthis] kind of tree having a mahuvthay kind of fruit very tasty juice in its flowers. mahuvthiq kind of tree whose barks are used for noparur kind of creeper used to poisoning fish make ropes TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 79

'IIakhuy kind ofbird (green, with ya'llyir summer long tail and red ya'llaJj turmeric beak) yartuv shoulder kind of bird (big, black 'IlahokkharaYJ vupvapsap twilight and has white feathers) YOJjyi'lkuy peacock yotpi nail 'IIatha kind of bamboo with very narrow holes raka after 'l)apayra kind of round fish r~'lkay number of scores by 'I'ldyu'fjna kind of vegetable which a person or a team is defeated 'fjayreYj kind of paddy ra'llphayra braid of hair 'fjaraythay kind of fruit rotsav kind of bird with long l'\araythay kind of mushroom beak (potato-shaped) ramra kind of paddy 'flaraythi'fl kind of tree ravyu powerful liquor JjaraSUf\ kind of basket raykhar; south-eastern part of 'flawayrik kind of very small bird Tankhrul f\awu! kind of fly found in the ravpharur kind of small snake grannery rovman debt kind of rat ravrurphovsaq kind of mushroom kind of small plant ravruy kind of small bird whose leaves are used as vegetables rayclnakhoka kind of ferocious snake kind of bird with a long r;)ycw kind of snake supposed leg to be deaf 'f]ahO'flth'lY kind of corn rovsima swarms of bees 'flaho'flwa kind of bird ravsut two straight sticks 'IIaparum eel connecting plough and yoke 'IIay'flUlthay kind of com 'flawpum shell of coconut weapons 'IIumwa kind of small tiger kind of black bird having long legs 'flompor kind of big, black bear 'IIomsa kind of small black bear ra'lkon yoke vanphutthiq kind of small tree whose ranpak thunderbolt branches are used to rami cat prepare brooms kind of fruit ya'llvi'll kind of orchid flower (biggest) raywa magic 80 D. N. S. BRAT raysirathin kind of tree used as warha kind of bird firewood wacop kind of box rasukrapav kind of edible root wukoy harrow rasi loyal wunrw ear-ring ruyik kind of bird wumrok kind of very hot chilly rikrm porcupine wursan hand-cuffs riksiwar kind of grey, densly wuton smoking pipe growing mushroom woko box ri'lluyma kind of paddy wonyavthiq wooden structure ri'lr6nth~y kind of very big beans woriworana stingy ri'ls~n reddish small ant woca teacher rumtho kind of millet wosan arithmatics rumsiraw merriment ( dancing, wrestling etc. ) cokem soup ruyrua a big festival cokren kind of bird that tells omen ruysomwon kind of orchid c~mp~ra lemon rmphov northern part of Tankh- cawsav small ferrocious snake rul cakmon hell rmmavnaw widow cankuv sickle rmmok kind of bird having a tuft ca'l\thitthi'll kind of tree used to prepare spinning tops rmsm spouse, lover caqponpav kind of edible root renphor; kind of mushroom can pO'flpay kind of corn renwa kind of lizard supposed to come from the sky caqrmthij] kind of tree whose with rains sticks are used in dancing re'lce'l\ plank of wood canwov shield re'l\s6'1\th~y kind of fruit caqcikor kind of snail re'l\huy kind of small bird cana tea leaf r ellhuy kind of worm canwa conch shell reijhuyrik kind of plant capcatra funeral song repkhaypay kind of corn cankonkhav kind of fish rewcin kind of crab with a soft kind of grass hopper shell camkhaw campay kind of edible root wayrew kind of mushroom waycum kind of bamboo vessel cara'l\ eastern side of a hill for preparing rice cawzat kind of creeper-type beer grass TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 81 cikokruv kind of greenish blue SJycaw money (old) bird sarkhrn blacksmith cikren kind of bird that indi- sakon saddle cates omen with diffe- sakon carpenter's plane rent cries sakhi oath cikhay plank of wood satrav kind of centipede cinornthav pineapple sanov telt ciqsaku kind of tree savthav swelling of the skin cipapam identical savrenkotew kind of flower cipen kind of squirrel savreqkoca kind of flower ciphuq kind of umbrella-shaped mushroom savrenwar kind of yellowish mushroom cira'l kind of squirrel sayreqwon kind of flower ciromthin kind of tree cumphur kind of festival coming sirikhurwar kind of sticky mush- just after the harvest room cumna kind of greenish bird sirri seven living in the roof sipca.; ban kind of plant curhav sugarcane simukpav kind of corn consrcthav kind of root simpav kind of itching rout zay'jaruy society (big) z.jythi" kind of meta lie stick sirnpav kind of corn used by women as an simrav kind of disease ornament sira'fjthay kind of fruit zLiyol' kind of seasamum Sirdjiro~j kind of nut tree zi'lr..}k kind of ferrocious siram kind of red rat leopard siraw kind of paddy zi'irotrLU kind of bird sirimthay kind of fruit zirnza kind of necklace hand-cuffs sirisira rats, birds etc. which destroy the crop zena kind of 'bird sire'lj kind of honey bee sakco kind of tree sireflthi"ll kind of tree SJksUlthay kind of fruit f;.jkha about sirep western side of a hill sJ'f\brakthay kind of fruit sirew kind of sesamum seed SJ!]khw tiger siwok rat

SJ'llrJykok kind of tree smkha mole 82 n. x, S. BT-UT

sornri garlic sirowar kind of reddi-h mush- samkaqrm kind of wild grapes room having sticky juice savthat kind of poisonous centipede suvnip slight perspiration ssvha kind of green, creeper- s -vrih an kind o: spices type grass used for Sl:ur:om bear decoration srunurkoktuv kind of worm found sakomthin kind of tree whose in dust or ashes barks and leaves are haljkdkhora'f) kind of big bird with used as spices nice feathers sakhomthiq kind of tree ha,)

sa1l1:. kind of squirrel ha..korpav kind of itching root savkorm whole ha(,kha crow sarana hind of bird hankhamatinpav kind of edible root sarwa kind of red bird hd1lkhacanwawon kind of flower garlic sacavnathav kind of red fruit hanam sacaw kind of dish made of hancon lower garment hsnsi hanso kind of dish made of hansi sasoq kind of black, winged insect hamkavthav kind of fruit sasikon kind of spice homkuv kind of smoking pipe saharthav kind of fruit hamzik kind of big. black snake sikuy horse hamh avthav kind of fruit sittaw black monkey haykhathav kind of fruit siqumthay kind of lemon havnmthov mango sinkanra house lizard havmarthov cardamum haroYjrrothay kind of fruit siriapharm kind of green snake with strapes harria kind of grass smasa gold k,arwpay kind of corn sinsiwav property harurwar kind of mushroom sivopla kind of bird horthawon kind of yellow flower siraw stag harwar.asen kind of reed used to kill lice siruk kind of squirrel with hawothan kind of vegetable very soft fur siruyma kind of paddy hawavthav kind of bean sirorm kind of creeper used as hapay kind of edible root a rope harenkhur leopard ..•.

ROOT INDEX OF ENGLISH MEANINGS

sut abdomen phur anniversary rnir able sap, rar, kar annoyed za above tu'!) ant anthill puq about SID 1)a't} ab~ent soy anxious san, saYl absorb haYl,zi appoint abundant ho'll argue phat, vat, yat, yet, rep abuse rot armlet har accompany yur armpit ri accuse yon around phak accustomed say, suv, zar, toy arrange thot, son, si ache ray, km arrow cak active na~), call, nar ash mok , mal) adamant hik ashamed yak add can, rum ask so, hall. addict kw astray mw adjust som, yay astringent phak advice cin back nuk, khum affection rum bale out thdr after thi bamboo ha afterbirth ( the) rom, nay banana mo, mot hat again sin, zat, ruv, roll. bankrupt cuk, som agree ya bargain aim at rin bark sm air si barking deer caw alight pm barren ro)), si'l alive ri"l ruk, cum, sop, sU'll,ro'l) basket /'\ altogether hup beat wuy ambush sat beautiful so angry thur be hay pet animal sa bed TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 85 bed-bug mat borrow suk, nam bee khuy boundary ri bee-hieve hum box sir, tak ,- beg tarL tom, po bracelet zar beginning may brain tok behalf of ro branch phaq, her, pak behind naw brave cuk, pil) beily wuk bread muy below tu.], zh) breadth ret pum. hun, pam, ruy, bend break kay, tek, hat, CdY, cat, tan, khav, kur rup, pat big wur, sok, zok, hak, tar, breast nm, rop cor, yur, r.:JY, ran thi, thik breath khak bird wa bribery nup, nap bite Imp, kov, "l]ap bridge thoq , say bitter kha bright 'l)dm, kha'fj, han black zik, ha'ij, ya'fj brim kuy bladder ho bring khull,poJ} blame pan, yom, phen brittle rop blighted hik, hull, co, pull broad pak, '/jay blind pew broom phut block run, phin brow phuq blood ca, si brown nay blood ( black ) ni'/j bubble raw, ph uk blossom ser, tam bud son blow phan , ri, hi'tj buffelo ruy blue yi'tj build ra, thor; blunt tuk, mui bulge out zo'l) boat hi bunch can, sin, zan body sa, phin bundle tan boil phum, hup, her, tar burial hw boils tor burn cuv,'lan, ron, thot, bold re~l, pak, ham, nay, rik bone kuk, rm bmy phum, zan border san, ruy burst wok, phm, phup 86 D. N. S. BHAT busy zar clever 51;1, ZUI but kha close sUI-j buttocks ra'l cloth con buy ro collect pay, sat, say calamity sat colour yo'll, cu, cuk calculate cuk, khot comb sek call Hi'll,ho, khor; come ra canal so'fj come down tak canvas kom come off rok careful sar , rill come out sat careless tap come up sok, saw compare ran, hew carry Will, 5.:Jy,hot, Cd'I), tam, phuq compell yoll catch tuk, wak, yon, ma, compete ban, ren man complete rit, pay, can cattle say completely rik, ri, ya'll, phat, pat, cautious kar sum, sar challenge ruk complexion pan change ka compromise ham charitable haw concave khup charm rm, khw condition h:ik construct zay chase rom, horn consult son check up pily contact khot cheek sor contest sin chest thik continuously por, thay, ciq, wur, chew say sum, son cheif rak control rem, nem chin kha converse rap choked hak cook ha'll, raw, pat, har, I}um, choose thir; hay, ci ~ chop cap, rur, t;;l'l,thap, thav, cool kuy, sa''l, san, sik p,;;ly,ran, ray, nit copulate ra, rat city nu'l core ma, kuy, yon clean tal}, thar, tik corner kun clear yay, mun corpse 'lun TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 87

ccstly sak death s'm cotton wat decay suy, si cough kha, khat decieve yom, pat, tak, tam, tav count cak, san decorate sap, the court huv decrease sun, suy, hap, earn, yur cover khum deep thuk, 'flaw, may cow se , muk deformed kup crack ha dense not, kuq , na'l} crawl wo. men deny rar creeper rm dependant ren crime yum descend tu'l} cross kan destroy po cross- breed son destruction maw crowd paw devil pi, ray cruel ro devoid of sum crush kop, som, ti , tit, neq die san, thi cry hek , cap, men difficult sak, si, phar cultivate wa dig cuy, ca'l}, phun, zuy, curious can zuk, khon curly ruy dilute ram correct ro'tj, Vi, su'f} dine za current that dip cum curry h

divorce hom encircle dm dog hm end ta'fj, rat phot, pho double enemy ya'l\, ra,! dove sm energetic thop, pew down son engage . kham, ma, kak drag men engrave ruk draw ( in a game) tha'l\ enough rin draw out sok enquire thir; dream ha, ma'!), man entangled pon dried cay enter Z;)'I\ drink cay, ma'lj, cir enumerate cm drive som, yam, 81, hon epual ri drizzle si, nem equip kha drum pOfj, phuq erect sun, ron dry kaw, theq, cay, kaw, evade puy, nam them everyone phm dust hm exaggerate sor duty thaw excess hen dye yek exchange r on, thUl eagle ray excrement pay eat may exert Sd·:~ easy pm exhausted man early pi,!), thor, thor expand yay eager man expect h011, han earn phov, way, tan expell tha eat say expose rar, phuv , say, ha~l each rok han. huv, ray, hor edge ray extinguish mit, pur effect thuq, hi'l extra ph em egg rm extract ral) eight sat eye mik elastic no eye-disease hay embrace warn face may embroidery phor, khom fade kok, mut, huv empty co fall em, ta, rap, ptir, pun TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY 89

famous phaw flea cak fan hur flesh phi far ta flexible yot farewell pa'll float kh~y fast khum flood mi fat nuv. thaw. sa~l,rom flow ron, her fear ci, pa flower won feast kha'll, zat fly ha feather ha fly ( verb) yo'll,puy feed wuy fold tip female ra folk SW ( unmarried ) follow cuy, sur female ww food zat fence way, ran ~oolish hum ferment thap footprints s6m festival nit, sak foment hw, puk field ruy forehead way fight hat, hO'/1 forest hon, co fill pem, thay, thun, phi forget tem, ray filter si, phi, ya'll I fortune hay fine ( to pay) ko'1j four ti finger h6 finger-breadth par frame san, semi sern finish cay}, kap, kan, tha, rat, freeze ci'l

. ,;.: pek frequent haw fire may fresh tun, nuy first ri friend wak, taw fish khay front ri, 'la fishing net ta frozen cir fit ca, wap, eam fruit tuv, thav five Y}a fry lIuy, thew fix phon, nap, tan, h6n full sek, puy, ham, tum , flake car tho, y~m flash hay full moon nit, ni J flat wer, mek, tap furtile turn. flat-rice tar garden h"y} 90 D. N. s. BHAT-

gargle phin guesture nIil, 'ram garment haw hair sa III gather thun, thok, tin, kom, half rak hor, zern, :zip, suy, ror hammer yam, phit, hum \ generation pok, that hand paq germinate sor, s6n handful ham, )::ham get down za'l1 handle pha giddy ham, vi handy rap ginger huy hang ran, phew, nO"1 give mi, kat zum happen flak give up ray, zak happy than give way ka hard kok, ca'fj, tak, nay, rin give above kat harvest ha go wa, kat hatch huk, sm go up sa'fj, ka, san have ray, way, wa go astray ser, zer head kiiy go out kar, yaw head-dress kham good pha health hak, ro, p~J) gore sek, thot heap son gourd phm hear sa, sat, na grain po heart flam grass wo heavy sik, rit grass hopper khaw height kho, phar greedy mer help can, wun, hUl, kaw, green tek phun, nom, ham, zon grey hut, pok hen har, so grind tay hero yay grope nam hide zifl, thum, yin , group Sd'Fj, sur high cuy grow khar, 'lorn, thuy, phor, high-rank r~y phum hill phun grudge man, warn hiss nil', hir grumble hor hit Y;}P, sik, saw guard knn,yon hold sum, si'll, sin, pok guest zan, tav, ma hole c~n, wuq, khur' - 'fA:"IKHUR !'IAGA "0 CABtJLA~Y_ 91

holiday Blat interval ':bk hollow ham, ko intestine thep honey comb har intimate sit hoof hu, kho intoxicate rip hop wok invain -,.'phir; horn ci invert rat, hat.: suk, so hot rifl, sa, yu y investigate' sot, ha house sirn invite hot hum hi:>'lj,huy iron ri human sacrifice say irregular : phot humble nim jelous .haw hundred sa jerk thik hungry thav, wan join sik, ron, no, sun hunt r.)Jj, zun judgement ray hurry tot, thaw juicy wur husk y;;y, hav jump cak, r01], pay hymn SW just hUf\ itch muv, hew, war keep zun, hay, hav immediately ra'(" phon, sin kick hop, thak imprison n;)r kill that, thit , inbetween cay knead nay, incarnate wur knife khay increase ya knock kUf\ incorrect ro, khuy, ran knot mik industrious rek lasting ra inferior ton latch ruy inner part nok late nay}, yii, (of bamboo) laugh nm, nwt khur, sa, kw insect lay ham instead waq lazy tan instigate S;}t lead ru'lj, zay, than instruct rak leaf nay, na insufficient COlI) Jeak van, wut, vir insult pat Jean say interest toil, tar t; (on money) learn SUl, ram, them 92 b. N. s. BRAT leave thuv, iak, 61 mad pa left ( side) wuy, yuy main pu'l} leg ph~y magic rek, son length san make to sak, sa less wat male wa letter yak man si, mi, yar phil level com, khet, nar, ~m, man-load sat manner her, za, sat liberty khan many cu'l} lice rik mark cut, rop, hup lick rip, rek marry kum lid sam material cak lie poll, pik, sun, yay meadow 'lay lift khan mean (Ing ) r;;)t light kon, we'll, hm measure khap, kap, tom light (not heavy) sar meat sa hke thay medicine ri lime 'fIuy mediation cav limp sO'll mend phi, nap line khan method way little ham, rot, rap middle rO,ru'll liver k;;)y,P;;)y midday yor load phun, wut, han migrate ho'l} log ren millet r;;)'I} lonely yuy mind nill long kar mine (salt) rum long time phup mist cuy look y;;)'Il,y~n mistake tav, wuy, yon look after naw, hom mix cay, tot, nat, miv, wot, look around pay sm, zom, huv look out san mock at nw look well var, yo modest cill low te'll, tew, nem moon call lower s;;)m,saw, ze, ze'l more na, kan, lay lucky ruy,hay, h;;)p moss v;;)m TA::\"KHUR--i\AGA YOCABULARY :93 mound thon, zuJ} nurse ha . move rak, hor, nuk, thm obidient kon, na mucus nap, objection won muscle riJ} observe r~J} mushroom war obstruct hin, si'l, sok, yin, vik, musty J}~y,thut, mor, muk pan mutter purn offer ya naked hou, say oily nay nail tha old sar, rar , earn, ~ name phok omen kill narrate phay omit khet, khay naughty rik one kho near rem, nay ooze car, zar neck hU'i) open phut , so, har, ka, rak , necklace ca oppose suq, wuq neighbour ta'fj order khum , rom nest ·thip ornament theq net rarvran orphan ruy, ra new thar outside yar , newcmoon pum overcold wot news paw overflooded ph611 nicely rik overflow thor night ya overtake khuy nine ko own . kham noise kOll paddy can, ma, mall, ra normal rak, wok paddy field say nose na pair khav.wor not steep ni pale yur notch cat parallel pho notice van partiality huy notorious thck partly hun tok, pop, C-'I'Ij now ruv, cam past ca nudge h~y paste t~y numb hut path kat, poq number si't\, pa patient kh~l'fl r

94 D•. N.S. BRAT

pay rim poor can pay back run possible rew peaceful dll, rup pot ham peck rw pound rot peel khok, phur, hok pour ror, tak penalty thw, 501\ powder 1jun, tup, thir persuade suv, hap, power 1j~m pick khar, sup, muy praise so picture, mill pregnent way piece sop, zam, zer, cuv, thar, prepare ran nak, pa, phon, rim press nom, rim phar, pak, pig hok cak, hill pile khor, sem, som, sern, pretend rek, ni~ rip, price man pinch sik, cay, met prick ruq, to, sua, sir, sim pipe zor, hay proclaim phon place kho, ren, s01j, ham, kav, phuq prohibition ni, nav, sun, sar plank pem promise sit plant riij,:som property 1jay, tha'll plate khon protect kom, kan play rew , cay, pam protruded zo plenty cat proud caw plough saw public 'ljaw, than pull khuq, khun, say, sut, pluck rew, hek, pha, put, rot suy, zan, phok plunder pon pungent yak pocket khaw put hay, par point out zw put off ray pointed war, rer, suy, huy, CUI, put in horn, sa'l\ co, rik put on hop,hon poison muv, tak, hay, vim put down wa

poke in suv, sm put fire SUI pole yu'll quality kun pond khor quantity ca'fj popular yaw quarrel rar TAXKHUR .\'AGA YOCABULARY 95 quick hun , thak, tur Ietui n han rafter so revenge thut, phun rain r0, zi.], zur, kum, ka~1, reward hor, var mar rice sam raise SUfi rice beer khor ramnent sak, khak, tav, tham, rich nan, san, sal} nen, ran right ( hand) ya rare kap, kom right ( to do ) YI rashly hun ring ti'l), r

satisfied pen shade VUl saw thuk shake tho, than , say k~p, ha'll shallow pay -, scab kan shape zak, sok scales (fish) hor share khum,kiiv, cuk,phay. scarce taW} khay scar pm sharp har, zan, ra, pay, sam scatter yaw, va shave si, se scissors cap shed ram scold cit, phor sheep yaw scorch kaq, sit shell kO"fj scoup out san, sek, kaw, pur, shift phay vam shiny day ham scrape yut, mit, thav, sen, sut shine yek scratch kaw, hok, hot, va shoot thav, kap scream po"fj short pat, SW search pha, pur, pew, vi, vun shout waw, ha"fj,hay secluded hak, cum shrink rom sediment kh~n shy puy see thay sick za seed roo, tha side rap, sO"fj seize co similar man, rum, tha select ha, thik, p~'11 sinew say sell yor single out rak send wat, rat sink - -. ham, turn separate khay, tU1j Sip . suy serious mar sister con servant raw' sit ( bird) wor.· sesamum cl'1l sit hum, to"fj,pum, pam settle som , six rru-. sexual organ ya skilled thavnap (male) skin huy, khak, kor sexual organ hay skin disease phar (female) skY zi"fj__

sexual intercourse khur, sam slab phe ._ ••• w': .". _ ••_ TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY ,97 slant spade tin slap spadeful pom slash yor spare time ca sleep pi spark pa sleeping place cay speak khol},kak slide rw, ron spear zav slightly si, SW, zir, ha p , yo, ray, speech can ri spill tor slip off hell spin nIl}, cuI} slope ren spinning top saw slough so spit cor, so slow huv, tap, nuk split zar, pa, phak small kor , te, no, ra ya'I}, sprain hi'll smear new spread rop, ham, khav, cuy smell 11;;)1}, ~a'lj, 1}ay, than, may, pan, moy, man, nam phom, phan, yay, rar, smile -rew yam, pom, phay spring wu smoke khw, khut, rmir sprinkle cay smooth way, hi1j, them, nok, yw, ruy sprout rim, thom, pur, pak snake .', nam, rm, phon spur sat Squeeze sur snatch nay phar, sniff sim stab sum stagnent yi snore I}ar yun, yul},'lay, sak, snow pham stab sam stalk ku'll. zal} soft huk, cor, pet, meq, yup stand nil} solid tal} star si, wo solitary . han stare solve pol}' suI} song ra start vir , phok, haw, zak soon J)QV startle suy, ro soot cal} starve kem soothe nep statue mw sore cur stay khtim, raw sour say, thur steal ri 98 D. N. s. BHAT

stealthily thek, caw subordinate nap steep rw, may, suI), sam suck zim stem k61) suddenly rak steps th&l), con sufficient hik stick nor sun zi, zil), zin sticky ran, nuy, ti, khom supervise sin stiff hw support zol), zun, thak, wem, sting rik rm stingy zil) surprise Ij<}k stir rilj, wut surrender yum, sum stitch khop, rak swallow yuy stomuch pay,phon sweat s<}y stone ner, rul) sweep phm stone wall khor sweepings rut, kar, phun sweet sim stop nan , thil), kham, kham, khap, sam swell tOI),rum,wor, sun, suy, store hon, rUI) zir, k~, cuI) straight khar, tar, ra swing yuy, yit strain reI) systematic nip stranger mal) take khuy, ci , t~y, pay, sm strangle rak talent y<}r straw ci tall saJj strength yal) talk zav, kuk, n~y stretch mav, ti1}, coV}, kak, talkative zem, Ijay khar, khan, sail, ran, nuy, rak ram tame tap strike khet kok, nir, rim string ruy taste zap, ~;)Il stroke yut tasty yam, mw, tum strong ril), pall, thuk, kal), zip, teach sut sin tear ser, kak stuck up pall, phan, than ten ra stuff in rum tender yo stump hm terrified hay stutter paw territory sail TANKHUR NAGA VOCABULARY teeth (to show) ri transparent thi'l that ci trap ho'l, thatch si, h ar, kup tree ron, thi'l thick tor, sum, sa, sim tremble thir thin c~, ra'l, tuy, ti'l, tar, trench khay re'l, wa tribe cat thing wot tribute say think ni'l trough ray thirsty rew true cut this hi trunk 'lom, suy, 'lum thousand thi'l tuck in ser, run, tim, thi, thet, thrash ram, po, ph6 tho thread zay tumbledown SUI three thum tune khon throat rok turn puv, Idy, rit throb Say twenty kUI throw rer, hay, her, hor, twist ri, r;}y,yek, Y.lk, hi! tham, yam two ni thunder sum unbalanced yuy tickling rin uncertain soy tie rap, sw, zin, sip, ho, uncropped hair rat hok uncultivated sa tiger 'law uneven tight zi, tit unfinished time ran, tom tired n;}'l, cot, sm unit khok today CUI unreal 'ther together ru'l, rom, se'l unshaved zar , , tongue re untie ra, ray tooth ha uplifted rek top ton, so'l, rap upper to torn sl uproot phur, phor touch nen urinate cir trample tham useless rem transfer won, h~y, hun veriety yur 100 D. N. s. BHAT

very s~l},si, za,zut, zon, h;)J\, whirlwind sur ciJ\, tur , ton, phap, white c~r rak, si whole to'll vessel son, san, kha'l}, phu, pm wild rer, horn, cuy , victorious ya win yuy village ram, khrn wind nay, kuy, khaw vomit ro wine Zdm wait ray '. wing ca'l} waist san wink yip, yap, thap wake up thuk, thuy winnow hom 'Walk zat, com winter si wall p~n wire thaw wisdom wor wander wan, wi ~ wise yak war ray wish flay, thd'l wash sut, sur, cik, tap, phew, yaw wood worm za, 'cat, pho'l watch rim, kuy word tuy water rw work rd'l},kup wave phaw worm sat, cay weak son, zan, tap, yap, yot worthy Idy wealth ran wound ma". wear hup wrap rom weave rak wrestle tuk, yo weed out maw wrinkle nir weight khdn write vi, pi year kum wet S;)p, zap, till, nim, yip, ',i yim, yia yellow ma 'J",". what khi yesterday ya wheel can, ka'l young naw whip CdY ~