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How Much Have We Advanced? English How much have Pedagogical Module 2 we advanced? Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness, Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts First Course BGU Past perfect 5 Scientific inventions and Science 6 their impact on humanity Present perfect 4 Social Studies History of 7 inventions Simple past 3 Language Analyzing short Past and present English Technology 8 non-fiction pieces perfect expressions 2 and Beyond Vocabulary about technology and 1 inventions Values Importance Healthcare 10 9 of immunization Incredible Inventions Have you ever imagined a world without we have created powerful devices that allow cars or television? Imagine waiting for months us see the vast universe. to hear from your loved ones. Imagine getting sick and having no medicine. We are going Nowadays it is possible to video chat with to travel through history and observe human’s anyone anywhere for free. We have access infinite curiosity and inventions that have to infinite amounts of information and we can post changed the world. Discover creations that our own thoughts and opinions. Technology have shaped culture and lifestyle. Our brains has developed a lot during the last hundred years have even taken our people to the moon and and will continue to develop in the future. What positive and negative impacts have human inventions had? Non-Commercial Licence Non-Commercial 1 Lesson A Communication and Cultural Awareness Social Studies How have humans’ creations changed the world? Discoveries from Ancient Cultures Interesting Facts Believe it or not, people that lived many years ago invented things that are still used nowadays. Mayan and Incan creations Concrete: About 2,100 years ago, Romans created Freepik The Mayas used cacao a really hard material by mixing rocks with volcanic Concrete beans to make a special ash. It was used to build the famous Coliseum beverage with cornmeal and in Rome. pepper. They had a writing system called glyphs and Earthquake detector: The Chinese invented most of these symbols are the first seismograph 2,000 years ago. It was made of bronze and was very accurate in detecting still understood. The Incas Wikimedia / Kowloonese performed brain surgery, earth movements. Earthquake Detector which was first used to Paper: Around 3,000 BC, Egyptians made the reduce inflammation. They first paper from the fiber of the papyrus plant and used coca as an anesthetic. also invented a special pen to write on it. The quality They also built rope bridges was so good that Egyptian papyrus remains intact. and huge highway systems. Telescope: The Assyrians could see the stars and Freepik Egiptian Papyrus the sky 3,000 years ago because they created a special Vocabulary lens that could have been the first telescope. beverage. a liquid you The number zero: This number is somewhat can drink, like coffee, soda, or juice new in human history. Both the Mayans and the Babylonians had the idea of zero; not as a number, Wikimedia / Geni cornmeal. flour made from but as a replacement for other numbers. The Egiptian Papyrus crushed corn Mayans used it to make their calendars. A Hindu rope. a strong, thick string astronomer introduced the concept of zero as an that is made by twisting many independent number. thin strings or fibers together Source: https://n9.cl/456b qc Wikimedia / Alvaro nowadays. at the Mayans zero present time ash. the soft gray powder that remains after burning something Discuss the following questions in groups. Then write your answers on the lines below. seismograph. a device that measures and records the • Which of the inventions is the most important in your opinion? Why? movement of the earth during an earthquake accurate. free from mistakes or errors • Do you think you could have invented one of the items above? What somewhat. a litte, relatively does someone need to be a good inventor? replacement. something that takes the place of something else Non-Commercial Licence Non-Commercial 2 Oral Communication How have human inventions and discoveries changed the world? Have you ever thought about the things we use daily? Where do they Interesting Facts come from? Who invented them? When were they invented? Listen to the following news reports and complete the activities. Gasoline It is a transparent liquid derived from petroleum that powers cars. It was discovered by accident. It was thrown away at first, but its potential was recognized by the end of the XIX century. Since then it has been essential Freepik to our transportation. The wheel Fire Steam engine train Mark the incorrect statements with an X and write the correct ones on the line below. a. Humanity has been shaped by inventions and discoveries. b. Most inventions have a single creator. c. The first humans discovered fire but could not control it. d. Fire was the first great discovery. Freepik e. The steam engine was not useful and did not improve people’s lives. Petrol pump Vocabulary • List 4 inventions that you consider important for everyday life. steam. the hot gas that is created when water is boiled engine. a machine that changes energy (such as heat from burning fuel) into mechanical motion figure out. to understand • Compare your list with your classmates and talk about or find (something, such the importance of each one. Do you agree? as a reason or a solution) by thinking Non-Commercial Licence Non-Commercial 3 Reading Science What inventions have improved humans’ health? Interesting Facts Ants use “social immunization”. If one ant in the colony is infected with a fungus, the other ants wash the infected insect to transmit the infection Wikimedia to the colony. This makes Freepik all ants in the colony Edward Jenner inoculating babies Vaccine immune to the fungus. Vaccination Source: https://n9.cl/k592 One of the greatest inventions that has impacted human health is vaccination. It has saved millions of lives worldwide and has caused many diseases to disappear. Vaccines immunize people by mobilizing antibodies (defenses) that fight the disease so that defenses learn to fight if the body is exposed to illnesses in the future. This first happened in 1796 when Edward Jenner prevented a child from getting smallpox. A century before, the Chinese had tried to use an infected skin tear to immunize against it. The vaccine for smallpox was first developed in 1798 and by 1979 it was globally Freepik eradicated. Before vaccines, smallpox had killed millions of people. Ants Most vaccines we still use today were created in the early XX century and eliminated several terrible illnesses. Vaccines are older than Vocabulary antibiotics or anesthesia. vaccination (vaccine). Source: https://bit.ly/3dnfMQv a substance that is usually injected into a person or animal to protect against a particular disease Circle the correct answer worldwide. happening • What is not true about vaccination? or existing in all parts a. It has not had any impact on people. of the world b. It has eliminated illnesses. disease/illness. a condition c. Antibiotics were developed before vaccines. that prevents the body or mind from working normally • What is true about vaccines? Mark all that apply. immunize. to give (someone) a. They prepare the body to defend itself. a vaccine to prevent infection b. They are antibodies. by a disease c. They enter the body and fight against diseases. smallpox. a serious disease that causes fever and a rash • Are humans the only species that immunize? and often death a. Yes, only people immunize against illnesses. eradicate. eliminate or destroy b. No, there are other species that fight against illnesses (something harmful) by preparing their defenses. Non-Commercial Licence Non-Commercial 4 Writing Language What inventions have impacted the development of humanity? Read the following text about printing presses. Choose the correct verb Grammar Note from the box and conjugate it in the present perfect or the past perfect, depending on the context. Present perfect Have / has + become work be able have write buy study past participle of verb Printing Press Uses: Printed materials are part of our daily life; newspapers, magazines, and a. Actions started in the books are just some examples. The printing press is a machine used for past and continuing mass production of these printed elements. in the present This machine one of the most significant inventions. b. Unfinished period Before it appeared, monks books by hand so just a few of time people to access information. Only very rich families were c. Unspecified period lucky enough to have a book, which was usually the Bible. of time The ancient Chinese used pieces of wood with symbols and drawings to make books. Around the beginning of 1440, a German man called Gutenberg, d. Experiences. who in basic forms of printing, started experimenting with Gasoline has been improving the process and finally discovered that using metal instead of essential to our wood and blocks with many words could allow people to reproduce texts transportation. in great quantity. The printing press is one of the inventions that Many diseases have not great impact in the world. After books could be printed in mass quantities, knowledge became available for most people and the first libraries were been eradicated yet. founded. Since then we all a book. Have vaccinations impacted human health? Source:https://bit.ly/3bjDF9F Past perfect Had + past participle Uses: a. Actions finished before other actions in past Before the invention of vaccines, smallpox had Wikimedia / Blades, W. Wikimedia / Blades, Wikimedia / Londinos Freepik killed millions of people. Monk writing by hand Early printing press Modern printer Scientists thought previous cultures had not Vocabulary immunized themselves mass. a large number or amount of something against illnesses. monk. a member of a religious community of men Had ancient cultures instead of.
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