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Santalales: Opiliaceae) in Taiwan
Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e51544 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e51544 Taxonomic Paper First report of the root parasite Cansjera rheedei (Santalales: Opiliaceae) in Taiwan Po-Hao Chen‡, An-Ching Chung§, Sheng-Zehn Yang| ‡ Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu Township, Pintung, Taiwan § Liouguei Research Center, Taiwan Forest Research Institute, Liouguei District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan | Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu Township, Pintung, Taiwan Corresponding author: Sheng-Zehn Yang ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev Received: 27 Feb 2020 | Accepted: 08 Apr 2020 | Published: 10 Apr 2020 Citation: Chen P-H, Chung A-C, Yang S-Z (2020) First report of the root parasite Cansjera rheedei (Santalales: Opiliaceae) in Taiwan. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e51544. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e51544 Abstract Background The family Opiliaceae in Santalales comprises approximately 38 species within 12 genera distributed worldwide. In Taiwan, only one species of the tribe Champereieae, Champereia manillana, has been recorded. Here we report the first record of a second member of Opiliaceae, Cansjera in tribe Opilieae, for Taiwan. New information The newly-found species, Cansjera rheedei J.F. Gmelin (Opiliaceae), is a liana distributed from India and Nepal to southern China and western Malaysia. This is the first record of both the genus Cansjera and the tribe Opilieae of Opiliaceae in Taiwan. In this report, we provide a taxonomic description for the species and colour photographs to facilitate identification in the field. © Chen P et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
Photograph: Helen Owens © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Government of South Australia Department of All rights reserved Environment, Copyright of illustrations might reside with other institutions or Water and individuals. Please enquire for details. Natural Resources Contact: Dr Jürgen Kellermann Editor, Flora of South Australia (ed. 5) State Herbarium of South Australia PO Box 2732 Kent Town SA 5071 Australia email: [email protected] Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann SANTALACEAE1 B.J. Lepschi2 (Korthalsella by B.A. Barlow3) Perennial herbs, shrubs, vines or small trees; hemiparasitic on roots or aerially on stems or branches, glabrous or variously hairy. Leaves alternate or opposite, sometimes decussate, rarely whorled, simple, entire, sometimes scale- like, caducous or persistent; stipules absent. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, a sessile or pedunculate raceme, spike, panicle or corymb, sometimes condensed or flowers solitary, usually bracteate, bracts sometimes united to form a bracteal cup; flowers bisexual or unisexual (and plants monoecious or dioecious), actinomorphic, perianth 1-whorled; tepals (3) 4–5 (–8), free or forming a valvately-lobed tube or cup; floral disc usually lobed, rarely absent; stamens as many as tepals and inserted opposite them; anthers sessile or borne on short filaments; carpels (2) 3 (–5); ovary inferior or superior; ovules 1–5 or lacking and embryo sac embedded in mamelon; style usually very short, rarely absent; stigma capitate or lobed. Fruit a nut, drupe or berry, receptacle sometimes enlarged and fleshy; seed 1 (2), without testa, endosperm copious. A family of 44 genera and about 875 species; almost cosmopolitan, well developed in tropical regions. -
OPILIACEAE 山柚子科 Shan You Zi Ke Qiu Huaxing (邱华兴 Chiu Hua-Hsing, Kiu Hua-Xing)1; Paul Hiepko2 Evergreen Trees, Shrubs, Or Lianas, Root Parasites
Flora of China 5: 205-207. 2003. OPILIACEAE 山柚子科 shan you zi ke Qiu Huaxing (邱华兴 Chiu Hua-hsing, Kiu Hua-xing)1; Paul Hiepko2 Evergreen trees, shrubs, or lianas, root parasites. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, simple, margin entire, penninerved. Inflo- rescences axillary or cauliflorous, spikes, racemes, or panicles [or umbels, in Africa]; bracts narrowly ovate or scale-like. Flowers small, actinomorphic, (3–)5-merous, bisexual or unisexual and plants then dioecious or gynodioecious (in Champereia). Perianth free or tepals partly united, valvate. Stamens as many as and opposite tepals, free or filaments inserted on tepals; anthers 2-loculed, introrse, dehiscence longitudinal. Disk intrastaminal, lobed, annular, or cupular. Ovary superior or semi-sunken in disk, 1-loculed; ovule 1, pendulous, unitegmic, tenuinucellar; placentation free-central. Style short or none; stigma entire or shallowly lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seed coat thin; endosperm oily; embryo terete, with 3 or 4 linear cotyledons. Ten genera and 33 species: widespread in tropical and subtropical regions; five genera and five species in China. Chen Pang-yu. 1988. Opiliaceae. In: Kiu Hua-shing & Ling Yeou-ruenn, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 24: 46–52. 1a. Inflorescences panicles, sometimes axillary, usually on branches and trunk ............................................................. 5. Champereia 1b. Inflorescences spikes or racemes, axillary, rarely on old branches or trunk. 2a. Flowers in spikes; bracts triangular, persistent ........................................................................................................... 1. Cansjera 2b. Flowers in racemes; bracts broadly ovate to ovate, caducous. 3a. Lianas, sometimes shrubs; rachis of racemes tomentose; drupe 2.5–3 cm .............................................................. 2. Opilia 3b. Trees or shrubs; rachis of racemes glabrous; drupe 1–1.8 cm. 4a. -
Santalaceae1
Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann SANTALACEAE1 B.J. Lepschi2 (Korthalsella by B.A. Barlow3) Perennial herbs, shrubs, vines or small trees; hemiparasitic on roots or aerially on stems or branches, glabrous or variously hairy. Leaves alternate or opposite, sometimes decussate, rarely whorled, simple, entire, sometimes scale- like, caducous or persistent; stipules absent. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, a sessile or pedunculate raceme, spike, panicle or corymb, sometimes condensed or flowers solitary, usually bracteate, bracts sometimes united to form a bracteal cup; flowers bisexual or unisexual (and plants monoecious or dioecious), actinomorphic, perianth 1-whorled; tepals (3) 4–5 (–8), free or forming a valvately-lobed tube or cup; floral disc usually lobed, rarely absent; stamens as many as tepals and inserted opposite them; anthers sessile or borne on short filaments; carpels (2) 3 (–5); ovary inferior or superior; ovules 1–5 or lacking and embryo sac embedded in mamelon; style usually very short, rarely absent; stigma capitate or lobed. Fruit a nut, drupe or berry, receptacle sometimes enlarged and fleshy; seed 1 (2), without testa, endosperm copious. A family of 44 genera and about 875 species; almost cosmopolitan, well developed in tropical regions. Thirteen genera (five endemic) and 67 species (55 endemic) in Australia and island territories; five genera and 15 species in South Australia. As currently circumscribed, Santalaceae is polyphyletic with respect to Viscaceae (Old World) and Opiliaceae (pantropical) (Der & Nickrent 2008) and should probably be divided. Anthobolus may also be better placed in Opiliaceae (cf. Der & Nickrent 2008). Some recent classifications (e.g. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003; Mabberley 2008) include the Viscaceae within the Santalaceae, and this treatment is adopted here. -
Inflorescence Evolution in Santalales: Integrating Morphological Characters and Molecular Phylogenetics
Inflorescence evolution in Santalales: Integrating morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics Daniel L. Nickrent,1,4 Frank Anderson2, and Job Kuijt3 Manuscript received 21 June 2018; revision accepted 17 PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The sandalwood order (Santalales) December 2018 includes members that present a diverse array of inflorescence types, some of which are unique among angiosperms. This 1 Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, diversity presents a interpretational challenges but also Carbondale, IL 62901-6509 USA opportunities to test fundamental concepts in plant morphology. Here we use modern phylogenetic approaches to address the 2 Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, evolution of inflorescences in the sandalwood order. IL 62901-6509 USA METHODS: Phylogenetic analyses of two nuclear and three 3 649 Lost Lake Road, Victoria, BC V9B 6E3, Canada chloroplast genes was conducted on representatives of 146 of the 163 genera in the order. A matrix was constructed that scored 4Author for correspondence: (e-mail: [email protected]) nine characters dealing with inflorescences. One character “trios” that encompasses any grouping of three flowers (i.e. both dichasia Citation: Nickrent D.L., Anderson F., Kuijt J. 2019. Inflorescence and triads) was optimized on samples of the posterior distribution evolution in Santalales: Integrating morphological characters and of trees from the Bayesian analysis using BayesTraits. Three nodes molecular phylogenetics. American Journal of Botany 106:402- were examined: the most recent common ancestors of A) all 414. ingroup members, B) Loranthaceae, and C) Opiliaceae, Santalaceae s. lat. and Viscaceae. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1250 KEY RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis resulted in many fully [note: page numbering is not the same as in the published paper] resolved nodes across Santalales with strong support for 18 clades previously named as families. -
Phylogenetic Origins of Parasitic Plants Daniel L. Nickrent Chapter 3, Pp. 29-56 In: J. A. López-Sáez, P. Catalán and L
Phylogenetic Origins of Parasitic Plants Daniel L. Nickrent Chapter 3, pp. 29-56 in: J. A. López-Sáez, P. Catalán and L. Sáez [eds.], Parasitic Plants of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands This text first written in English (as appears here) was translated into Spanish and appeared in the book whose Spanish citation is: Nickrent, D. L. 2002. Orígenes filogenéticos de las plantas parásitas. Capitulo 3, pp. 29-56 In J. A. López-Sáez, P. Catalán and L. Sáez [eds.], Plantas Parásitas de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Mundi-Prensa Libros, S. A., Madrid. Throughout its history, the field of plant systematics has undergone changes in response to the advent of new philosophical ideas, types of data, and methods of analysis. It is no exaggeration to say that the past decade has witnessed a virtual revolution in phylogenetic investigation, owing mainly to the application of molecular methodologies and advancements in data analysis techniques. These powerful approaches have provided a source of data, independent of morphology, that can be used to address long-standing questions in angiosperm evolution. These new methods have been applied to systematic and phylogenetic questions among parasitic plants (Nickrent et al. 1998), but have often raised as many new questions as they have solved, in part due to the amazingly complex nature of the genetic systems present in these organisms. The goal of this chapter is to provide a general synopsis of the current state of understanding of parasitic plant phylogeny. To place in context results concerning the parasites, it is necessary to first examine general features of angiosperm phylogeny. -
2 ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM History Of
ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to an informal international group of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that would reflect new knowledge about their relationships based upon phylogenetic studies. As of 2010, three incremental versions of a classification system have resulted from this collaboration (published in 1998, 2003 and 2009). An important motivation for the group was what they viewed as deficiencies in prior angiosperm classifications, which were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e. groups consisting of all the descendants of a common ancestor). APG publications are increasingly influential, with a number of major herbaria changing the arrangement of their collections to match the latest APG system. Angiosperm classification and the APG Until detailed genetic evidence became available, the classification of flowering plants (also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta) was based on their morphology (particularly that of the flower) and their biochemistry (what kinds of chemical compound they contained or produced). Classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group. The result was a large number of such systems (see List of systems of plant taxonomy). Different systems and their updates tended to be favoured in different countries; e.g. the Engler system in continental Europe; the Bentham & Hooker system in Britain (particularly influential because it was used by Kew); the Takhtajan system in the former Soviet Union and countries within its sphere of influence; and the Cronquist system in the United States. -
And Leaf Anatomy of Opiliaceae
Willdenowia 13 - 1983 147 J. Koek-Noorman& P. v. Rijckevorsel Wood and leaf anatomy of Opiliaceae Abstract Wood and - Koek-Noorman, J. & Rijckevorsel, P. v.: leaf anatomy of Opiliaceae. Willdenowia 13: 147-174.1983. - ISSN 0511-9618. The wood and leaf anatomy of representatives of the 9 genera of the Opiliaceae are described in It is to the the detail. possible separate genera on base of both wood- and leaf anatomical characters. Herein the presence of cystoliths of varying shape and size is important. Some comments the and the on taxonomy possible phylogeny of familiy are given. 1. Introduction The pantropical family Opiliaceae comprises 9 genera and about 35 species ofshrubs, lianas and The trees. taxonomic delimitation ofthe family and the relationshipsto other families have often been discussion Reed The subject of (for a survey see 1955). family is now usuallyplaced in the order Santa- lales. At the moment, P. Hiepko is revising the family (see Hiepko 1971, 1979, 1982). Little has been publishedon either wood or leafanatomy ofthe Opiliaceae.Solereder(1899,1908) and Metcalfe & Chalk (1950)give shortanatomical descriptions.Reed (1955)describes theanatomyof and related families. His few and Opiliaceae study, however, was based on mostly very small and young samples. The aim ofthe is to and wood and leaf present study describe compare the anatomy ofthe Opilia- in ceae the circumscription given by Hiepko, to discuss the relationships within the family, and to suggest a possible phylogenetic pathway. 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Woodanatomy For this study, 48 wood samples and 8 slides (onloan from Harvard, Aw), representing 25 species were examined. -
Cansjera and Opilia) Are
Opiliaceae P. Hiepko Berlin) Small evergreen trees, shrubs or lianas; two genera (Cansjera and Opilia) are known to be root-parasites. Leaves distichous, simple, usually extremely var- iable in form and size, entire, exstipulate, pinnately veined; dried leaves mostly finely tubercled by cystoliths located in the mesophyll. Inflorescences axillary or cauliflorous, panicle-like, racemose, umbellate (in Africa) or spicate; bracts narrowly ovate or scale-like, in Opilia peltate, often early caducous. Flowers small, (3—) 4—5) (—6)-merous, mainly bisexual, sometimes unisexual and plants then dioecious (Gjellerupia, Melientha, and Agonandra) or gynodioecious Perianth with free or sometimes united (Champereia) . valvate, partly tepals (in flowers of Gjellerupia wanting). Stamens as many as and opposite to the tep- als (in flowers only small staminodes); anthers introrse, 2-celled, longitu- dinally dehiscent. Disk intrastaminal, lobed (lobes alternating with the sta- mens), annular, or cupular. Ovary superior, 1-celled; style short or none, stigma entire or lobed. Ovule from the of central shallowly 1, pendulous apex a placen- ta, anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellar. Fruit drupaceous, pericarp rather thin, mesocarp ± fleshy-juicy, endocarp woody or crustaceous. Seed large, conform the without hilum to drupe, testa; basal, often in a funnel-shaped cavi- ty. Embryo terete, embeddedin rich, oily endosperm, nearly as long as the seed or shorter, with 3—4 linear cotyledons, radicle often very short. Distribution. There 9 with about 30 in the are genera spp., widespread tropics. Rhopalopilia is restricted to Africa and Madagascar, Agonandra to South and Central America. In Malesia: 7 5 these known from the Old World New genera, of only eastern (1 endemic: Gjellerupia in Gui- nea); Opilia and Urobotrya occur also in tropical Africa. -
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) System
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to an informal international group of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that would reflect new knowledge about their relationships based upon phylogenetic studies. As of 2010, three incremental versions of a classification system have resulted from this collaboration (published in 1998, 2003 and 2009). An important motivation for the group was what they viewed as deficiencies in prior angiosperm classifications, which were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e. groups consisting of all the descendants of a common ancestor). APG publications are increasingly influential, with a number of major herbaria changing the arrangement of their collections to match the latest APG system. Angiosperm classification and the APG Until detailed genetic evidence became available, the classification of flowering plants (also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae , Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta ) was based on their morphology (particularly that of the flower) and their biochemistry (what kinds of chemical compound they contained or produced). Classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group. The result was a large number of such systems (see List of systems of plant taxonomy). Different systems and their updates tended to be favoured in different countries; e.g. the Engler system in continental Europe; the Bentham & Hooker system in Britain (particularly influential because it was used by Kew); the Takhtajan system in the former Soviet Union and countries within its sphere of influence; and the Cronquist system in the United States. -
Six of the Seven Genera of Opiliaceae Known from Tropical Asia Are Indigenous to Thailand
NA T. HIST. BUL L. SIAM SO C. 27: 115-132. 1978. OPILIACEAE OF THAILAND Paul Hiepko* Six of the seven genera of Opiliaceae known from tropical Asia are indigenous to Thailand. The number of species in Thailand is seven. These are trees, shrubs or scandent shrubs (lianas). Two of them are known as root parasites: Cansjera rheedii and Opilia amenta<;ea. The flowers of Opiliaceae are always very small and monocblarnydeous; the stamens are as many as nnd opposite to tbe tepals. Other typical characters are the hypogynous disc (annular or lobed) and the drupaceous fruit. Detailed descriptions of the genera and species will be given in the " Flora of Thailand". For localization of many KEnn-specimens the paper of JA cons ( 1962) was used. K f:Y TO GENERA i. Flowers ~, in racemes or spikes 2. Flowers in short spikes, solitary in the axil of small bracts. Tepals united, tube 2.5-3 mm, urceolat, 4-lobed, lobes shorter than tube, recurved. Rachis, bracts aud perianth pubescent. Stamens not exceed ing the tube; disc scales alternating with the stamens. Drupe ellipsoid , c. 12 mm long, orange. Scandent shrub, often spiny when young; leaves glossy above 2. Cansjera 2. Flowers in racemes, covered by large bracts when young 3. Bracts peltate, caduceus before anthesis; flowers ternate, rachis and _(ledicels densely hairy. Flowers 5- 4-merous, tepals free, recurved; filaments long, filiform; disc-lobes alternating with stamens, thick and fleshy. Drupe ellipsoid, c. 2 em long, red. Liana 1. Opilia 3. Bracts not peltate, rachis of racemes and pedicels glabrous 4. -
Flora of the Guianas Project
Leiden, October 2012 The Flora of the Guianas is a co-operative programme of: Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD, Centre de Cayenne, Cayenne; Department of Biology, University of Guyana, Georgetown; Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; New York Botanical Garden, New York; Nationaal Herbarium Suriname, Paramaribo; Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Utrecht University branch, Utrecht, and Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. For further information see the website: http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/FoGWebsite/index.html Published on June 2014 Flora of the Guianas Newsletter no 18. Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Einsteiweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands 2 CONTENTS In Memorian M.F.Prévost, J. Florschutz 1. MEETING PROGRAM ...................................................................................................... 6 2. MINUTES OF THE ADVISORY BOARD MEETING .............................................................. 7 2.1. Opening and report on previous meeting in Washigton .............................................. 7 2.2. Board personnel changes ............................................................................................ 7 2.3. Memorandum of Understanding ................................................................................. 7 2.4. Report by the executive editor ...................................................................................