DOCSLIB.ORG

Tolerance and Cultural Diversity Discourses and Practices in Greece

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tolerance and Cultural Diversity Discourses and Practices in Greece ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES Tolerance and Cultural Diversity Discourses and Practices in Greece Anna Triandafyllidou and Hara Kouki European University Institute 2012/25 5. New Knowledge Country Synthesis Reports EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES Tolerance and Cultural Diversity Discourses and Practices in Greece ANNA TRIANDAFYLLIDOU AND HARA KOUKI EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES Work Package 5- New Knowledge on Tolerance and Cultural Diversity in France Deliverable 5.1 Country Synthesis Report on Tolerance and Cultural diversity Concepts and Practices © 2012 Anna Triandafyllidou and Hara Kouki This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the research project, the year and the publisher. Published by the European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Via dei Roccettini 9 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole - Italy ACCEPT PLURALISM Research Project, Tolerance, Pluralism and Social Cohesion: Responding to the Challenges of the 21st Century in Europe European Commission, DG Research Seventh Framework Programme Social Sciences and Humanities grant agreement no. 243837 www.accept-pluralism.eu www.eui.eu/RSCAS/ Available from the EUI institutional repository CADMUS cadmus.eui.eu Tolerance, Pluralism and Social Cohesion: Responding to the Challenges of the 21st Century in Europe (ACCEPT PLURALISM) ACCEPT PLURALISM is a Research Project, funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Program. The project investigates whether European societies have become more or less tolerant during the past 20 years. In particular, the project aims to clarify: (a) how is tolerance defined conceptually, (b) how it is codified in norms, institutional arrangements, public policies and social practices, (c) how tolerance can be measured (whose tolerance, who is tolerated, and what if degrees of tolerance vary with reference to different minority groups). The ACCEPT PLURALISM consortium conducts original empirical research on key issues in school life and in politics that thematise different understandings and practices of tolerance. Bringing together empirical and theoretical findings, ACCEPT PLURALISM generates a State of the Art Report on Tolerance and Cultural Diversity in Europe, a Handbook on Ideas of Tolerance and Cultural Diversity in Europe, a Tolerance Indicators’ Toolkit where qualitative and quantitative indicators may be used to score each country’s performance on tolerating cultural diversity, and several academic publications (books, journal articles) on Tolerance, Pluralism and Cultural Diversity in Europe. The ACCEPT PLULARISM consortium is formed by 18 partner institutions covering 15 EU countries. The project is hosted by the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and co-ordinated by Prof. Anna Triandafyllidou. The EUI, the RSCAS and the European Commission are not responsible for the opinion expressed by the author(s). Anna Triandafyllidou is the Director of the ACCEPT PLURALISM research project. She is part time Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies of the European University Institute and Senior Research Fellow at the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP), for more see www.annatriandafyllidou.com Hara Kouki is Research Assistant at the ACCEPT PLURALISM Project. Contact details Prof. Anna Triandafyllidou, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies European University Institute, Via delle Fontanelle, 19 50016 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), Italy Tel: + 39 055 4685715, Fax: + 39 055 4685 770 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.eui.eu/RSCAS/ and www.annatriandafyllidou.com For more information on the Socio Economic Sciences and Humanities Programme in FP7 see: http://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/index_en.htm http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/cooperation/socio-economic_en.html Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 6 2. Tolerance and Diversity Discourses in Greece ................................................................... 8 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Definitions .................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Greece and Europe ................................................................................................................ 10 2.3.1 National identity and state formation ................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Citizenship in Greece .................................................................................................... 11 2.4 The role of Europe and the “West” ............................................................................................. 13 2.5 Cultural Diversity challenges during the last 30 years .......................................................... 13 Source: Authors’ own compilation from various sources. ................................................................ 14 2.6 Omogeneis/Co-ethnics .......................................................................................................... 18 2.6.1 Pontic Greeks ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.6.2 Ethnic Greek Albanians........................................................................................................ 19 2.7 Native minorities ................................................................................................................... 20 2.7.1 Muslims of western Thrace .................................................................................................. 21 2.7.2 Members of the Slavic-speaking Macedonian minority ................................................ 23 2.7.3 Roma of Greece ............................................................................................................. 24 2.8 Immigrants ............................................................................................................................ 27 2.8.1 Albanians ....................................................................................................................... 28 2.8.2 Georgians and Ukrainians ............................................................................................. 30 2.8.3 Southeast Asians (Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Afghani) ..................................................... 31 2.9 Definitions of tolerance in Greece ......................................................................................... 32 2.9 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................................. 36 3. (In) tolerance of Difference in Greek Schools: the case of migrant and Roma Children . 38 3.1 The Greek educational system and intercultural education ................................................... 40 3.2 Greece’s migrant and Roma school population ..................................................................... 42 3.3 Children of immigrant and co-ethnic returnee families ......................................................... 42 3.4 Roma minority children in Greece ........................................................................................ 44 3.5 Methodology and Research Design ....................................................................................... 47 3.6 Migrant and Roma Children Segregation .............................................................................. 49 3.7.1 Concluding Remarks ..................................................................................................... 54 3.8 Accommodating Religious Diversity in Schools: Tolerance or Acceptance? ....................... 55 3.8.1 Concluding Remarks ..................................................................................................... 59 4. Migrants and (In) tolerant Discourses in Greek Politics ................................................... 62 4.1 Tolerance and Xenophobia in Europe ................................................................................... 62 4.2 Tolerance and Xenophobia in Greece ................................................................................... 63 4.3 Case studies and Research Questions .................................................................................... 64 4.4 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 66 4.5 Tolerance and (in) tolerance in Greek public life: Framing the Two Case Studies .............. 69 4.5.1 Presentation of the two cases ......................................................................................... 69 4.5.2 Frames ..........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Armed Forces Intervention in Post-War Turkey: a Methodological Approach of Greek Newspapers Through Political Analyses
    PHOKION KOTZAGEORGIS ARMED FORCES INTERVENTION IN POST-WAR TURKEY: A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH OF GREEK NEWSPAPERS THROUGH POLITICAL ANALYSES The Press as a political-social phenomenon may influence the forma­ tion of one’s conscience, make or break governments and influence public opinion in a decisive way. As an institution it may play an extremely important role in the writing of a countiy’s contemporary history. It is only recently that this last function of the Press has become the object of scientific research, resulting in the first attempts to write history using newspapers as the basic source. The present article aspires to contribute to the process of ‘deciphering’ the role played by the Press in the formulation or crystallisation of behaviours, political or other, vis-a-vis given facts or phenomena. The article aims at signposting the methodological principles in the presentation by the Greek newspapers of an external affairs event and its use by the political affairs editors of these newspapers. This article was con­ ceived in the course of study of the political game in Turkey as the prominence of the role of the army in that country became evident to the author. The actual cases of army intervention will not be dealt with here; what is of in­ terest is the reaction of the newspapers to the three military interventions in the political life of Turkey. In date order these took place on 27 May 1960, 12 March 1971 and 12 September 1980. The sources chosen are newspapers easily accessible to the public, of differing political persuasions; the time terminus of study is one month be­ fore and one after the date of intervention of the military.
    [Show full text]
  • Report to the Greek Government on the Visit to Greece Carried out By
    CPT/Inf (2020) 15 Report to the Greek Government on the visit to Greece carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 28 March to 9 April 2019 The Greek Government has requested the publication of this report and of its response. The Government’s response is set out in document CPT/Inf (2020) 16. Strasbourg, 9 April 2020 - 2 - CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 4 I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 8 A. The visit, the report and follow-up.......................................................................................... 8 B. Consultations held by the delegation and co-operation encountered .................................. 9 C. Immediate observations under Article 8, paragraph 5, of the Convention....................... 10 D. National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) ............................................................................... 11 II. FACTS FOUND DURING THE VISIT AND ACTION PROPOSED .............................. 12 A. Prison establishments ............................................................................................................. 12 1. Preliminary remarks ........................................................................................................ 12 2. Ill-treatment ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New
    Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    Greeks Helping Greeks ANNUAL REPORT 2019 About THI The Hellenic Initiative (THI) is a global, nonprofi t, secular institution mobilizing the Greek Diaspora and Philhellene community to support sustainable economic recovery and renewal for Greece and its people. Our programs address crisis relief through strong nonprofi t organizations, led by heroic Greeks that are serving their country. They also build capacity in a new generation of heroes, the business leaders and entrepreneurs with the skills and values to promote the long term growth of Hellas. THI Vision / Mission Statement Investing in the future of Greece through direct philanthropy and economic revitalization. We empower people to provide crisis relief, encourage entrepreneurs, and create jobs. We are The Hellenic Initiative (THI) – a global movement of the Greek Diaspora About the Cover Featuring the faces of our ReGeneration Interns. We, the members of the Executive Committee and the Board of Directors, wish to express to all of you, the supporters and friends of The Hellenic Initiative, our deepest gratitude for the trust and support you have given to our organization for the past seven years. Our mission is simple, to connect the Diaspora with Greece in ways which are valuable for Greece, and valuable for the Diaspora. One of the programs you will read about in this report is THI’s ReGeneration Program. In just 5 years since we launched ReGeneration, with the support of the Coca-Cola Co. and the Coca-Cola Foundation and 400 hiring partners, we have put over 1100 people to work in permanent well-paying jobs in Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949)
    JPR Men of the Gun and Men of the State: Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949) Spyros Tsoutsoumpis Abstract: The article explores the intersection between paramilitarism, organized crime, and nation-building during the Greek Civil War. Nation-building has been described in terms of a centralized state extending its writ through a process of modernisation of institutions and monopolisation of violence. Accordingly, the presence and contribution of private actors has been a sign of and a contributive factor to state-weakness. This article demonstrates a more nuanced image wherein nation-building was characterised by pervasive accommodations between, and interlacing of, state and non-state violence. This approach problematises divisions between legal (state-sanctioned) and illegal (private) violence in the making of the modern nation state and sheds new light into the complex way in which the ‘men of the gun’ interacted with the ‘men of the state’ in this process, and how these alliances impacted the nation-building process at the local and national levels. Keywords: Greece, Civil War, Paramilitaries, Organized Crime, Nation-Building Introduction n March 1945, Theodoros Sarantis, the head of the army’s intelligence bureau (A2) in north-western Greece had a clandestine meeting with Zois Padazis, a brigand-chief who operated in this area. Sarantis asked Padazis’s help in ‘cleansing’ the border area from I‘unwanted’ elements: leftists, trade-unionists, and local Muslims. In exchange he promised to provide him with political cover for his illegal activities.1 This relationship that extended well into the 1950s was often contentious.
    [Show full text]
  • Greek Diaspora in an Uncertain World
    Greek Diaspora in an uncertain world MIGRATION PROGRAMME Othon ANASTASAKIS & Antonis KAMARAS April 2021 Policy Paper #63/2020 ELIAMEP | Policy Paper #63/2021 Greek Diaspora in an uncertain world Copyright © 2021 | All Rights Reserved HELLENIC FOUNDATION FOR EUROPEAN & FOREIGN POLICY (ELIAMEP) 49 Vasilissis Sofias Ave., 10676, Athens, Greece Tel.: +30 210 7257 110 | Fax: +30 210 7257 114 | www.eliamep.gr | [email protected] ELIAMEP offers a forum for debate on international and European issues. Its non-partisan character supports the right to free and well-documented discourse. ELIAMEP publications aim to contribute to scholarly knowledge and to provide policy relevant analyses. As such, they solely represent the views of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Foundation. A Joint SEESOX-ELIAMEP Research Endeavour Othon ANASTASAKIS Director of South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Coordinator of the Greek Diaspora Project, University of Oxford Antonis KAMARAS Associate of the Greek Diaspora Project, SEESOX and Research Associate, ELIAMEP Acknowledgement: the authors are thankful for the comments from Foteini Kalantzi (AG. Leventis Researcher at SEESOX) and Manolis Pratsinakis (Onassis Fellow at SEESOX) • Greece’s fiscal crisis has energized its relationship with its diaspora in the last several Summary years, after decades of decline, as well as reshaping the diaspora itself due to the massive crisis-driven migration. • Research institutes as well as individual scholars have addressed key aspects of the diaspora and homeland relationship prior to and during the crisis. South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX) established in 2015 the Greek Diaspora Project, a dedicated research unit which has applied the well-established diaspora and development literature to the Greek case, in the crisis and post-crisis years.
    [Show full text]
  • GES 2020 SENT 10Th TEMPLATE for SPEAKERS BIOS PP NOV. 1-12-20 VER 10
    Simos Anastasopoulos is a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), and holds a Master’s of Science Degree in Mechanical/Automotive Engineering from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He has worked for two years for General Motors Corporation as a development Engineer at the Milford Proving Ground. Since 2002 he had Been the Managing Director of the company and in 2013 was named Chairman and CEO of PETSIAVAS S.A. Since July 2020, he is President of Associations of S.A. & Limited LiaBility Companies. He is the elected President of the Council on Competitiveness of Greece, since its foundation in 2018. He is also a member of the Board of the Pan-Hellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Industries and a memBer of the General Council of SEV Hellenic Federation of Enterprises. Since June 2019, he is President Emeritus of Simos Anastasopoulos the American-Hellenic ChamBer of Commerce after a tenure of 6 years as the elected President. President Simos Anastasopoulos was Born in Athens in 1957, is married to Peggy Petsiavas and has two daughters. The Council on Competitiveness of Greece (CompeteGR) Born in 1961, Dimitris Andriopoulos has significant experience in the real estate, tourism, shipping and food industries. For more than 30 years he has been the head of major operations and projects in Greece and abroad for Intracom, Elliniki Technodomiki - Teb, Superfast Ferries and McDonald's. Since 2005 Mr. Dimitris Andriopoulos is the main shareholder and Chief Executive Officer of Dimand SA, an Athens based leading property and development company specializing in sustainable (LEED Gold) office developments and urban regeneration projects.
    [Show full text]
  • New Ladies Joining the Fleet
    THE DANSHIP NEWS A SEMI-ANNUAL EDITION OF DANAOS SHIPPING CO. LTD. ISSUE #5, JUNE 2013 New ladies joining the fleet The trends of the global market are changing rapidly and the extended recession period of the container industry is continuing. Danaos could not let the opportunity slip and as such added two new acquisitions to our fleet . Our first acquisition joined our fleet in May. The M/V “AMALIA C”, a 2,452 TEU, geared Container vessel built in 1998, was delivered in Singapore. With the delivery of the M/V “AMALIA C”, Danaos is entering in a specific sector i.e. that of the geared feeder fleet, an area which has remained challenging, throughout the “dry spell” of the container industry. Our second Lady, the M/V NILEDUTCH ZEBRA, a 2,526 TEU, 2001 built geared container vessel, joined our fleet in mid-June and was delivered in Rotterdam. Consequently, Danaos sold four of our fleet's older vessels (Henry, Independence, Pride, MV Honour) for demolition purposes and replaced them with new acquisitions, mainly coming form the second-hand S&P market. THE NEWSPAPER IS PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER Message from Message from the President & CEO the Senior Vice President & COO Dear Colleagues, ÄÇÌÇÔÑÇÓ ÊÏÕÓÔÁÓ The "Father of Danaos", Mr. Dimitris Coustas has passed Ìáò Ýöõãå ï “ÐáôÝñáò ôçò Äáíáüò”. away. We are now already post halfway through 2013 and we are Ï êïò. ÄçìÞôñçò èá ðáñáìåßíåé æùíôáíüò óôç ìíÞìç ìáò Mr. Dimitris Coustas will remain alive in our memories, still bracing ourselves for the turbulent time we are êáé êõñßùò ôùí ðáëáéïôÝñùí ðïõ åß÷áìå ôçí ôý÷ç íá ôïí especially to those of us that used to know him many years experiencing.
    [Show full text]
  • Britain and the Greek Security Battalions, 1943-1944
    VOL. XV, Nos. 1 & 2 SPRING-SUMMER 1988 Publisher: LEANDROS PAPATHANASIOU Editorial Board: MARIOS L. EVRIVIADES ALEXANDROS KITROEFF PETER PAPPAS YIANNIS P. ROUBATIS Managing Eidtor: SUSAN ANASTASAKOS Advisory Board: MARGARET ALEXIOU KOSTIS MOSKOFF Harvard University Thessaloniki, Greece SPYROS I. ASDRACHAS Nlcos MOUZELIS University of Paris I London School of Economics LOUKAS AXELOS JAMES PETRAS Athens, Greece S.U.N.Y. at Binghamton HAGEN FLEISCHER OLE L. SMITH University of Crete University of Copenhagen ANGELIKI E. LAIOU STAVROS B. THOMADAKIS Harvard University Baruch College, C.U.N.Y. CONSTANTINE TSOUCALAS University of Athens The Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora is a quarterly review published by Pella Publishing Company, Inc., 337 West 36th Street, New York, NY 10018-6401, U.S.A., in March, June, September, and December. Copyright © 1988 by Pella Publishing Company. ISSN 0364-2976 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS DAVID GILMORE is professor of anthropology at the State Uni- versity of New York at Stony Brook . MOLLY GREENE is a doc- toral candidate at Princeton University . CLIFFORD P. HACKETT is a former aide to U.S. Representative Benjamin Rosenthal and Senator Paul Sarbanes. He is currently administering an exchange program between the U.S. Congress and the European Parliament and is also executive director of the American Council for Jean Monnet Studies . JOHN LOUIS HONDROS is professor of history at the College of Wooster, Ohio ... ADAMANTIA POLLIS is professor of political science at the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Re- search . JOHN E. REXINE is Charles A. Dana Professor of the Classics and director of the division of the humanities at Colgate Uni- versity .
    [Show full text]
  • Party Competition in Europe
    Struggle Over Dimensionality: Party Competition in Europe Jan Rovny A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science. Chapel Hill 2011 Approved by: Gary Marks Liesbet Hooghe John D. Stephens James A. Stimson Milada Anna Vachudová Georg Vanberg © 2011 Jan Rovny ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii Abstract JAN ROVNY: Struggle Over Dimensionality: Party Competition in Europe. (Under the direction of Gary Marks) This work studies political issues and political competition. Political issues -- contestable concerns within the public sphere -- are multiple and infinitesimal, as people understand them in different contexts and at different levels. To become comprehensible and debatable political demands, individual preferences must be simplified into issue bundles or `issue dimensions'. The key actors in this process are political parties that use strategic calculus to join disparate political preferences into ideological platforms. This dissertation examines the considerations and constraints that figure in this partisan calculus. The dynamic that arises is one in which politics is not so much a contest over positioning on issues, as conceived by classical spatial theory, but rather a competition over the content and structure of these issues. Politics is a struggle over the dimensional composition of political issues. iii To my Affectionate iv Acknowledgements Rather than closure, a completed dissertation presents a true beginning. I would like to thank Gary Marks and Liesbet Hooghe for making this beginning both intellectually fascinating and humanly warm. I would like to thank all of my committee members: John D.
    [Show full text]
  • L'information De La Presse Engagee
    CHRYSSOULA CONSTANTOPOULOU Maitre de Confirences en Sociologie L’INFORMATION DE LA PRESSE ENGAGEE L’“INFORMATION” CONCERNANT SELECTION PRESIDENTIELLE DE 1980 EN GRilGE, TELLE QUE L’ONT DIFFUStfE LES JOURNAUX DES PARTIS TABLE DES MATIERES INTRODUCTION 625 PRELIMINAIRES: LA SITUATION DE LA PRESSE EN GRECE Bref apergu historique (une caracteristique grecque: les journaux “partisans”) 629 La situation a l’epoque etudiee (1980) 631 Annexe I: Articles de la Constitution de 1975, concernant la presse 634 PREMIERE PARTIE: LES “DIMENSIONS” DE L’EVENEMENT L’historicite de l’evenement choisi 637 Annexe II: Articles de la Constitution de 1975, concernant le President de la Republique 638 I. La presentation de l’evenement 651 1. La presentation officielle (“Nea Poria”) 651 Annexe III: Les explications des dessins humoristiques publies dans “Nea Poria” 662 2. Les presentations oppositionnelles 666 2.1. “Exormissi” 666 Annexe IV: Explication des dessins humoristiques publies dans l’“Exormissi”, a propos des presiden- tielles 675 2.2. “Anendotos” 677 Annexe V: Explication des anecdotes d’“Anen­ dotos” publies sur la canditature de C. Karamanlis 689 2.3. “Rizospastis” 691 Annexe VI: Explication des dessins humoristiques publies dans le “Rizospastis” 700 2.4. “Eleftheros Kosmos” 703 2.5. “Avghi” 711 Annexe VII: Explication des trois dessins humoristi­ ques du quotidien “Avghi” 722 624 Chryssoula Constantopoulou II. Les versions 726 1. La “these” 726 2. Les antitheses 727 a) “Exormissi” 728 b) “Anendotos” 730 c) “Rizospastis” 732 d) “Eleftheros Kosmos” 734 c) “Avghi” 736 3. Essai de synthese de l’“evenement” 737 4. Conclusion de la premiere partie 740 DEUXIEME PARTIE: L’INFORMATION PAR LE “COMMENTAIRE” I.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Greece and the Hellenistic World
    P a g e | 1 CLASSICAL GREECE AND THE HELLENISTIC WORLD Text prepared by Erdal Yavuz Ancient Greece as “the Ancestor”! "Yet this entire body of peoples(of the East) In the Greek city states by 5th century B.C. and in Rome by remains excluded from our conside 2nd century B.C. slavery became a dominant form. It was the ration, because hitherto it has not high number of slaves used in all production that permitted a appeared as an independent element in the "freedom" and "democracy" to a non-laboring population. series of phases that Reason has assumed However these systems couldn't reproduce themselves due to in the world" the lack of incentive for productivity and invention which also Hegel, The Philosophy of History. caused their rapid disintegration and evolution to other systems. Most historical observations as well as Classical Greece and the Hellenistic World: contemporary approaches revolve around the structural A Brief Survey as well as cultural and ideological differences between east “Classical Greece” till now is considered as a and west. Even today the prediction on a certain “clash of cultural ancestor of “the” Western Civilization. It is a civilizations” is somehow based on this long-lasting tradition continued by the Roman culture, Islamic approach to “the other”. science and philosophy, “rediscovered” by the From the start of history “the East” was the Renaissance and so forth. Greek culture itself was based advanced region with prosperous cities, developed on the heritage of Minoa, Mycenae as well as Egypt and economy within relatively centralized states. On the other the other Middle Eastern civilizations.
    [Show full text]