DOCSLIB.ORG

Guidelines for Liturgical Music (Revised)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guidelines for Liturgical Music (Revised) GUIDELINES FOR LITURGICAL MUSIC (REVISED) GUIDELINES FOR LITURGICAL MUSIC (revised) Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops Ottawa, Canada 2015 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Catholic Church. Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, issuing body Guidelines for liturgical music / Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. Previous edition published under title: A companion to The Catholic book of worship III. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-0-88997-749-5 (pbk.). 1. Church music--Catholic Church. 2. Catholic Church--Liturgy-- Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Music--Religious aspects--Catholic Church. I. Title. ML3013.C363 2015 264’.0202 C2015-903189-3 C2015-903190-7 Acknowledgements Principal writer of the original material is Msgr. Murray Kroetsch. He was assisted by Heather Reid for the important judgments (nos. 28-31). Pages 132-133: “Reception of the Holy Oils” lyrics and music: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops © Concacan Inc., 1994. Pages 134-160: The English translation and chants of The Roman Missal © 2010, International Commission on English in the Liturgy Corporation. All rights reserved. Prepared under the supervision of the Episcopal Commission for Liturgy and the Sacraments, through the National Liturgy Office. Guidelines for Liturgical Music, Revised, copyright © Concacan Inc., 2006, 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photographic, or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publisher. If through inadvertence, anything has been printed without permission, proper acknowledgement will be made in future printings after notice has been received. Edited by: Published by: National Liturgy Office CCCB Publications Tel.: 1-800-769-1147 or 613-241-7538 Email: [email protected] www.cccbpublications.ca Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops 2500 Don Reid Drive Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 2J2 www.cccb.ca Electronic Edition ISBN: 978-0-88997-749-5 Legal Deposit: Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa Publication code: 182-423 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreward ..................................................................................................................... 7 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 8 I. MUSIC IN THE LITURGY The Role of Music in the Liturgy ................................................................................. 9 The Ministers of Music ............................................................................................... 12 II. SUNDAY EUCHARIST Principles for Selecting Music for the Sunday Eucharist ............................................ 15 Music During the Sunday Eucharist...................................................................... 24 III. THE LITURGICAL YEAR Sundays, Solemnities and Feasts ................................................................................. 41 The Season of Advent ................................................................................................. 44 The Season of Christmas ............................................................................................ 46 The Season of Lent ...................................................................................................... 50 Ash Wednesday ..................................................................................................... 53 The Sundays of Lent .............................................................................................. 54 Passion (Palm) Sunday .......................................................................................... 54 The Chrism Mass ................................................................................................... 55 The Easter Triduum ..................................................................................................... 56 Holy Thursday – Mass of the Lord’s Supper .......................................................... 58 Good Friday – Celebration of the Lord’s Passion .................................................. 61 Resurrection of the Lord – Easter Vigil .................................................................. 63 Resurrection of the Lord – During the Day ........................................................... 70 The Season of Easter ................................................................................................... 72 Ascension of the Lord ........................................................................................... 74 Pentecost ............................................................................................................... 74 The Season of Ordinary Time ..................................................................................... 74 IV. SACRAMENTS Christian Initiation ..................................................................................................... 78 Christian Initiation of Adults ................................................................................ 78 Reception into Full Communion .......................................................................... 83 Baptism of Children .............................................................................................. 85 Confirmation ........................................................................................................ 88 First Communion of Children .............................................................................. 89 Initiation of Children of Catechetical Age ........................................................... 90 Reconciliation ............................................................................................................. 90 Anointing of the Sick .................................................................................................. 92 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Marriage ...................................................................................................................... 94 Marriage within Mass ............................................................................................ 96 Marriage without Mass .......................................................................................... 98 Marriage between a Catholic and a Catechumen or a Non-Christian.................. 98 Rites of Ordination ..................................................................................................... 99 Ordination of a Bishop ......................................................................................... 99 Ordination of a Priest .......................................................................................... 101 Ordination of a Deacon ...................................................................................... 103 V. OTHER RITES Funeral Rites ............................................................................................................. 106 Vigil for the Deceased ......................................................................................... 107 Funeral Mass ........................................................................................................ 109 Funeral Liturgy outside of Mass .......................................................................... 112 Worship of the Eucharist .......................................................................................... 111 Outside Mass ....................................................................................................... 111 Eucharistic Exposition and Benediction ............................................................. 112 Solemn Eucharistic Exposition and Benediction ................................................ 113 Sunday Celebrations of the Word ............................................................................. 114 Celebration of the Word ..................................................................................... 114 Celebration of the Word with Communion ....................................................... 116 Dedication of a Church ............................................................................................ 117 Ministries .................................................................................................................. 119 Instituted Ministries ............................................................................................ 119 Other Ministries .................................................................................................. 120 Liturgy of the Hours ................................................................................................. 120 Daily Prayer ......................................................................................................... 120 Morning Prayer ................................................................................................... 121 Evening Prayer .................................................................................................... 123 Night Prayer ........................................................................................................ 125 VI. SELECTING LITURGICAL MUSIC ............................................................................127 VII. INTRODUCING NEW MUSIC ...................................................................................130 VIII. MUSIC FOR THE CANTOR Reception of the Holy Oils .................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Progress Report of the ICEL Music Committee
    MUSIC FOR THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ROMAN MISSAL AN INTRODUCTION For the forthcoming English language Roman Missal (sometimes called the Sacramentary), the International Commission on English in the Liturgy will offer to the Conferences of Bishops of the English‐speaking world chants for everything that is set to music in the Missale Romanum, editio typica tertia (2002): • The dialogues between the celebrant (or in the case of the Dismissal, the deacon) and the assembly such as the Sign of the Cross (“In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit”) and the Dismissal (“Go forth, the Mass is ended”); • Tones for singing the presidential prayers (Collect, Prayer over the Offerings, Prayer after Communion) with all prayer texts pointed for singing; • The chants before and after the readings such as “A reading from the book of…” and “The Gospel of the Lord”; • Separate tones for singing the First Reading, Second Reading, and Gospel; • The Universal Prayer or Prayer of the Faithful; • The Preface Dialogue and Prefaces, including a musical setting of every Preface; • Full musical settings of Eucharistic Prayers I, II, III and IV, and the concluding Doxology; • Other elements such as the Kyrie, Gloria, Creed, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, and Lord’s Prayer; • Chants for particular days and feasts such as “Hosanna to the Son of David” on Palm Sunday, the Universal Prayer and “Behold the wood of the Cross” on Good Friday, the Exsultet (Paschal Proclamation) at the Easter Vigil, antiphons for the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord on February 2nd, and the Proclamation of Easter and Moveable Feasts for Epiphany.
    [Show full text]
  • (1) Western Culture Has Roots in Ancient and ___
    5 16. (50) If a 14th-century composer wrote a mass. what would be the names of the movement? TQ: Why? Chapter 3 Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei. The text remains Roman Liturgy and Chant the same for each day throughout the year. 1. (47) Define church calendar. 17. (51) What is the collective title of the eight church Cycle of events, saints for the entire year services different than the Mass? Offices [Hours or Canonical Hours or Divine Offices] 2. TQ: What is the beginning of the church year? Advent (four Sundays before Christmas) 18. Name them in order and their approximate time. (See [Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, 46 days before Easter] Figure 3.3) Matins, before sunrise; Lauds, sunrise; Prime, 6 am; Terce, 9 3. Most important in the Roman church is the ______. am; Sext, noon; Nones, 3 pm; Vespers, sunset; Mass Compline, after Vespers 4. TQ: What does Roman church mean? 19. TQ: What do you suppose the function of an antiphon is? Catholic Church To frame the psalm 5. How often is it performed? 20. What is the proper term for a biblical reading? What is a Daily responsory? Lesson; musical response to a Biblical reading 6. (48) Music in Context. When would a Gloria be omitted? Advent, Lent, [Requiem] 21. What is a canticle? Poetic passage from Bible other than the Psalms 7. Latin is the language of the Church. The Kyrie is _____. Greek 22. How long does it take to cycle through the 150 Psalms in the Offices? 8. When would a Tract be performed? Less than a week Lent 23.
    [Show full text]
  • Divine Liturgy
    THE DIVINE LITURGY OF OUR FATHER AMONG THE SAINTS JOHN CHRYSOSTOM H QEIA LEITOURGIA TOU EN AGIOIS PATROS HMWN IWANNOU TOU CRUSOSTOMOU St Andrew’s Orthodox Press SYDNEY 2005 First published 1996 by Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia 242 Cleveland Street Redfern NSW 2016 Australia Reprinted with revisions and additions 1999 Reprinted with further revisions and additions 2005 Reprinted 2011 Copyright © 1996 Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia This work is subject to copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior written permission from the publisher. Enquiries should be addressed to the publisher. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data The divine liturgy of our father among the saints John Chrysostom = I theia leitourgia tou en agiois patros imon Ioannou tou Chrysostomou. ISBN 0 646 44791 2. 1. Orthodox Eastern Church. Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom. 2. Orthodox Eastern Church. Prayer-books and devotions. 3. Prayers. I. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. 242.8019 Typeset in 11/12 point Garamond and 10/11 point SymbolGreek II (Linguist’s Software) CONTENTS Preface vii The Divine Liturgy 1 ïH Qeiva Leitourgiva Conclusion of Orthros 115 Tevlo" tou' ÒOrqrou Dismissal Hymns of the Resurrection 121 ÆApolutivkia ÆAnastavsima Dismissal Hymns of the Major Feasts 127 ÆApolutivkia tou' Dwdekaovrtou Other Hymns 137 Diavforoi ÓUmnoi Preparation for Holy Communion 141 Eujcai; pro; th'" Qeiva" Koinwniva" Thanksgiving after Holy Communion 151 Eujcaristiva meta; th;n Qeivan Koinwnivan Blessing of Loaves 165 ÆAkolouqiva th'" ÆArtoklasiva" Memorial Service 177 ÆAkolouqiva ejpi; Mnhmosuvnw/ v PREFACE The Divine Liturgy in English translation is published with the blessing of His Eminence Archbishop Stylianos of Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Twentieth Century Reform of the Liturgy: Outcomes and Prospects John F
    Valparaiso University ValpoScholar Institute of Liturgical Studies Occasional Papers Institute of Liturgical Studies 2017 The weT ntieth Century Reform of the Liturgy: Outcomes and Prospects John F. Baldovin S.J. Boston College School of Theology & Ministry, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/ils_papers Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, and the Liturgy and Worship Commons Recommended Citation Baldovin, John F. S.J., "The wT entieth Century Reform of the Liturgy: Outcomes and Prospects" (2017). Institute of Liturgical Studies Occasional Papers. 126. http://scholar.valpo.edu/ils_papers/126 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute of Liturgical Studies at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute of Liturgical Studies Occasional Papers by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. The Twentieth Century Reform of the Liturgy: Outcomes and Prospects John F. Baldovin, S.J. Boston College School of Theology & Ministry Introduction Metanoiete. From the very first word of Jesus recorded in the Gospel of Mark reform and renewal have been an essential feature of Christian life and thought – just as they were critical to the message of the prophets of ancient Israel. The preaching of the Gospel presumes at least some openness to change, to acting differently and to thinking about things differently. This process has been repeated over and over again over the centuries. This insight forms the backbone of Gerhard Ladner’s classic work The Idea of Reform, where renovatio and reformatio are constants throughout Christian history.1 All of the great reform movements in the past twenty centuries have been in response to both changing cultural and societal circumstances (like the adaptation of Christianity north of the Alps) and the failure of Christians individually and communally to live up to the demands of the Gospel.
    [Show full text]
  • Rite Two Hymn: Acclamation Collect for Purity Kyrie Eleison
    Rite Two Voluntary: Hymn Prelude on Veni Emmanuel . Flor Peeters (1903-1986) Hymn: 1 Blest be the King whose coming 2 Blest be the King whose coming ( H 74 ) is in the name of God! is in the name of God! For him let doors be opened, By those who truly listen no heart against him barred! his voice is truly heard; Not robed in royal splendor, pity the proud and haughty, in power and pomp, comes he; who have not learned to heed but clad as are the poorest, the Christ who is the Promise, such his humility. who has atonement made. 3 Blest be the King whose coming is in the name of God!, He only to the humble reveals the face of God. All power is his, all glory! All things are in his hand, all ages and all peoples, ‘til time itself shall end! — Tune: Valet will ich dir geben, Melchior Teschner (1584-1635), alt. Text: Federico J. Pagura (1923-2016); tr. F. Pratt Green (1903-2000), alt. Acclamation Celebrant Blessed be the Lord who forgives all our sins. BCP 355 People The Lord’s mercy endures for ever. Collect for Purity BCP 355 Kyrie eleison Lord, have mercy. \ Lord, have mercy. BCP 356 Christ, have mercy. \ Christ, have mercy. Lord, have mercy. \ Lord, have mercy. Salutation The Lord be with you. \ And also with you. \ Let us pray. BCP 357 Collect of the Day BCP 211 Almighty God, give us grace to cast away the works of darkness, and put on the armor of light, now in the time of this mortal life in which your Son Jesus Christ came to visit us in great humility; that in the last day, when he shall come again in his glorious majesty to judge both the living and the dead, we may rise to the life immortal; through him who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever.
    [Show full text]
  • Music at Mass by Fr. Gilles Mongeau, SJ, Contributing Editor, Living With
    Music at Mass By Fr. Gilles Mongeau, SJ, Contributing Editor, Living with Christ The General Instruction of the Roman Missal (GIRM) is the set of instructions that governs the celebration of the Eucharist. It was updated in 2001, as a result of reflection on the 40 years of experience since Vatican II, and came into force in Canada with the coming of the new translation of the missal. Perhaps one of the most interesting and least known contributions of the new GIRM is its reflection on the role of singing in the liturgy. It offers a genuine theology of music at mass, with insights into the role of the choir, the ministry of the cantor, and the meaning of various chants in the liturgy. The GIRM places the singing of the assembly at the very centre of its reflection. All musical choices are at the service of helping the assembly to sing. In this short article, I offer some commentary on the three major moments of singing and on the closing moments of the mass. The Entrance Chant When the people are gathered, and as the Priest enters with the Deacon and ministers, the Entrance Chant begins. Its purpose is to: 1. open the celebration, 2. foster the unity of those who have been gathered, 3. introduce their thoughts to the mystery of the liturgical time or festivity, and 4. accompany the procession of the Priest and ministers. This chant is sung 1. alternately by the choir and the people or 2. similarly by a cantor and the people, or 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Patent Misuse--Attempts to Collect Royalties on Expired Patents
    Case Western Reserve Law Review Volume 15 Issue 3 Article 12 1964 Patent Misuse--Attempts to Collect Royalties on Expired Patents Armand P. Boisselle Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Armand P. Boisselle, Patent Misuse--Attempts to Collect Royalties on Expired Patents, 15 W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 562 (1964) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol15/iss3/12 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Law Review by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. WESTERN RESERVE LAW REVIEW [VoL 15:562 may have voted in favor of a pension plan with full knowledge that com- pany executives would receive large benefits. In such a case, the majority stockholders' determination is entitled to a presumption of good faith.6' Although the courts almost always review the reasonableness of a pension as determinative of whether a pension plan is valid, this consider- ation is not always germane to the issue. In the Fogelson case, the largest pension other than the president's was $7,285. Obviously, the formula under the plan as applied to the salaries of lower paid employees resulted in a reasonable pension, and no objection was made. Thus, the only cause for the unreasonableness of the president's pension, if it was unrea- sonable, was that his salary was excessive before the plan was adopted.
    [Show full text]
  • THO 3347 (H 2015) – Glossary of Terms
    THO 3347 (H 2015) – Glossary of Terms Akathist Literally, “not standing.” A hymn dedicated to our Lord, the Theotokos, a saint, or a holy event. Aposticha The stichera sung with psalm verses at the end of Vespers and Matins. These differ from the stichera at Psalm 140 (Vespers) and at the Praise Psalms (Matins), which are sung with fixed psalms, in that the psalm verses used (pripivs) vary with the day or feast, and do not end the singing of the whole psalm. See also stichery na stichovnych. Archieratikon Тhе book containing texts and rubrics for the solemn Hierarchical (a.k.a. Pontifical) Divine Liturgy. The Archieratikon also contains the sacrament of Ноlу Orders and special blessings and consecrations. Canon A system of nine odes (the Second Ode is sung only during Great Lent) sung at Matins after Psalm 50 and before the Praises. Each ode is connected traditionally with a scriptural canticle (see below for the nine scriptural canticles) and consists of an Irmos, a variable number of troparia and, on feasts, a katavasia. After the Third Ode a sidalen is usually sung, and after the Sixth Ode a kontakion and ikos, and after the Ninth Ode, the Svitelen is sung. The Canon has its own system of eight tones. Domatikon A theotokion sung after “Now…” (or “Glory… Now…”) at the end of Psalms 140, 141, 129, and 116 at Vespers on Friday and Saturday evenings, and on the eve of a Polyeleos saint or saints with a vigil in the same tone as the last sticheron of the saint (at “Glory…”).
    [Show full text]
  • The Musical Heritage of the Lutheran Church Volume I
    The Musical Heritage of the Lutheran Church Volume I Edited by Theodore Hoelty-Nickel Valparaiso, Indiana The greatest contribution of the Lutheran Church to the culture of Western civilization lies in the field of music. Our Lutheran University is therefore particularly happy over the fact that, under the guidance of Professor Theodore Hoelty-Nickel, head of its Department of Music, it has been able to make a definite contribution to the advancement of musical taste in the Lutheran Church of America. The essays of this volume, originally presented at the Seminar in Church Music during the summer of 1944, are an encouraging evidence of the growing appreciation of our unique musical heritage. O. P. Kretzmann The Musical Heritage of the Lutheran Church Volume I Table of Contents Foreword Opening Address -Prof. Theo. Hoelty-Nickel, Valparaiso, Ind. Benefits Derived from a More Scholarly Approach to the Rich Musical and Liturgical Heritage of the Lutheran Church -Prof. Walter E. Buszin, Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind. The Chorale—Artistic Weapon of the Lutheran Church -Dr. Hans Rosenwald, Chicago, Ill. Problems Connected with Editing Lutheran Church Music -Prof. Walter E. Buszin The Radio and Our Musical Heritage -Mr. Gerhard Schroth, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Is the Musical Training at Our Synodical Institutions Adequate for the Preserving of Our Musical Heritage? -Dr. Theo. G. Stelzer, Concordia Teachers College, Seward, Nebr. Problems of the Church Organist -Mr. Herbert D. Bruening, St. Luke’s Lutheran Church, Chicago, Ill. Members of the Seminar, 1944 From The Musical Heritage of the Lutheran Church, Volume I (Valparaiso, Ind.: Valparaiso University, 1945).
    [Show full text]
  • ISSUE 10 - JULY 2018 Introduction
    ARCHDIOCESE OF PORTLAND IN OREGON Corpus Christi Procession 3 June 2018 DIVINE WORSHIP NEWSLETTER ISSUE 10 - JULY 2018 Introduction Welcome to the tenth Monthly Newsletter of the Office of Divine Worship of the Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon. We hope to provide news with regard to liturgical topics and events of interest to those in the Archdiocese who have a pastoral role that involves the Sacred Liturgy. The hope is that the priests of the Archdiocese will take a glance at this newsletter and share it with those in their parishes that are interested in the Sacred Liturgy. This Newsletter is now available as an iBook through Apple and always available in pdf format on the Archdiocesan website. It will also be included in the weekly priests’ mailing. If you would like to be emailed a copy of this newsletter as soon as it is published please send your email address to Anne Marie Van Dyke at [email protected]. Just put DWNL in the subject field and we will add you to the mailing list. All past issues of the DWNL are available on the Divine Worship Webpage and in the iBooks store. We are excited about last month’s launch of the Archdiocesan Liturgical Handbook (ALH). It is available from the Office of Divine Worship webpage in a downloadable pdf format and for purchase as an eBook from the Amazon Kindle Store. The winner of last month’s competition to identify the botafumiero of the Cathedral of Santiago in Compostela was Josh Jones of St. Patrick’s Parish in Portland.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Mass[1]
    The Catholic Mass God wants you to encounter Him In the Church's liturgy the divine blessing is fully revealed and communicated. The Father is acknowledged and adored as the source and the end of all the blessings of creation and salvation. In his Word who became incarnate, died, and rose for us, he fills us with his blessings. Through his Word, he pours into our hearts the Gift that contains all gifts, the Holy Spirit. Catechism of the Catholic Church 1082 "Seated at the right hand of the Father" and pouring out the Holy Spirit on his Body which is the Church, Christ now acts through the sacraments he instituted to communicate his grace. The sacraments are perceptible signs (words and actions) accessible to our human nature. By the action of Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit they make present efficaciously the grace that they signify. Catechism of the Catholic Church 1084 In the liturgy of the New Covenant every liturgical action, especially the celebration of the Eucharist and the sacraments, is an encounter between Christ and the Church. The liturgical assembly derives its unity from the "communion of the Holy Spirit" who gathers the children of God into the one Body of Christ. This assembly transcends racial, cultural, social - indeed, all human affinities. Catechism of the Catholic Church 1097 Jesus is the Word of God made flesh. It is Him that is being proclaimed at Mass. He is present whether or not the lector knows how to pronounce the words, or is speaking clearly or is dynamic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rites of Holy Week
    THE RITES OF HOLY WEEK • CEREMONIES • PREPARATIONS • MUSIC • COMMENTARY By FREDERICK R. McMANUS Priest of the Archdiocese of Boston 1956 SAINT ANTHONY GUILD PRESS PATERSON, NEW JERSEY Copyright, 1956, by Frederick R. McManus Nihil obstat ALFRED R. JULIEN, J.C. D. Censor Lib1·or111n Imprimatur t RICHARD J. CUSHING A1·chbishop of Boston Boston, February 16, 1956 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INTRODUCTION ANCTITY is the purpose of the "new Holy Week." The news S accounts have been concerned with the radical changes, the upset of traditional practices, and the technical details of the re­ stored Holy Week services, but the real issue in the reform is the development of true holiness in the members of Christ's Church. This is the expectation of Pope Pius XII, as expressed personally by him. It is insisted upon repeatedly in the official language of the new laws - the goal is simple: that the faithful may take part in the most sacred week of the year "more easily, more devoutly, and more fruitfully." Certainly the changes now commanded ,by the Apostolic See are extraordinary, particularly since they come after nearly four centuries of little liturgical development. This is especially true of the different times set for the principal services. On Holy Thursday the solemn evening Mass now becomes a clearer and more evident memorial of the Last Supper of the Lord on the night before He suffered. On Good Friday, when Holy Mass is not offered, the liturgical service is placed at three o'clock in the afternoon, or later, since three o'clock is the "ninth hour" of the Gospel accounts of our Lord's Crucifixion.
    [Show full text]