DOCSLIB.ORG

Frenchman Valley Map

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Frenchman Valley Map Eastend Auto Tour #1 Frenchman Valley Map The Frenchman River Valley Some Pre-Trip Information The Frenchman River Valley is a beautiful yet rugged area that was carved by glaciers many years ago. The Warning : valley begins on the outside edge of the Cypress Hills. - The Frenchman River Valley Auto Tour takes Interestingly, the Cypress Hills were missed by place on gravel and dirt roads. Road conditions glaciers, and stand as the highest point between the vary with the weather, and the tour is not Rocky Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. It’s climate recommended in wet conditions. and vegetation is more closely related to the foothills regions then the surrounding prairies. From the - Only leave the main road when the brochure Cypress Hills it loops its way down to Eastend, passing mentions it is safe to do so. The prairie through a more traditional prairie environment. After environment is very fragile and must be passing through Grasslands National Park, it eventually protected. joins the Milk River in northeastern Montana. - The Frenchman River Valley and surrounding Let’s Get Started… country is filled with wildlife such as whitetail and Eastend Community Tourism Authority mule deer, antelope, coyotes, rabbits, and To begin this 40 kilometer trek, take Grid 614 (the Caution : ECTA is in no way perhaps even moose. While best viewed at dusk Brady Coulee Road) out from the western edge of responsible for the condition of the and dawn, be sure to lower your speed to avoid a town. After only a km or so, you’ll notice a sign tours. Use at your own risk and potential collision. announcing our first attraction. discretion. 1. Chocolate Peak Chocolate Peak is a Bull, and Black Catfish and Crowfoot of the to Ravenscrag (and immediately before the ranch large reddish-brown hill located on the north side of the Blackfoot Nation were also found throughout the yard to the right side of the main grid) is the road. There was originally a large deposit of whitemud Cypress Hills area at various times. Middle Bench Road. This will be the second half (clay) at its base. For this reason, it was once named of your adventure. As you drive by the ranch Wedding Cake Hill. Back in the 1930’s and 40’s, 4. The Hills 49º29.099 / 108º57.631 yard mentioned earlier you can catch a glimpse whitemud (clay) was quite valuable. One miner As you continue to travel through the valley take the of old log buildings that date back to the start of thought his work would be easier if he could burn the time to glance at the beautiful valley hills. Small the century. As you continue along you’ll cross coal layer that rested on top of the whitemud. Well the streams have created these badlands by cutting steep Conglomerate Creek. coal layer did burn, but for years rather then days, ravines into soft shale and sandstone. You will also wrecking the clay in the process and turning the hill notice the many layers that have formed these hills 7. Conglomerate Creek into its present color. over the years. In fact, the first layers were deposited 49º30.380 / 109º02.946 Conglomerate by an inland sea, and thus consist of sand, silt and Creek, named after the conglomerate rock layer 2. Eastend Dam From Chocolate Peak, clay. After the sea receded, you can find the whitemud found throughout the hills, has an interesting continue driving a short distance until you come to a layer (right above this layer is where dinosaur bones beginning. The creek’s source is a spring found in fork in the road. Turn left (south) onto the Ravenscrag are found.) Deposits made by rivers and streams the hills to the northeast. This spring is located Road. From here you should be granted a fine view of coming from the mountains formed additional layers. right on the Continental Divide. This divide the Eastend Dam. The dam was originally built in 1904 The final layer consists of gravel, pebbles, and sand isbasically an imaginary line that decides which by a ranching outfit named Enright and Strong to and is known as the Cypress Hills Conglomerate. way the local waters flow. Those found to the provide irrigation for the surrounding pasture land. south of the lines such as Conglomerate Creek, During 1918 the dam was pushed out by heavy ice. No 5. The White Mud Pits flow south and eventually empty into the Gulf of one rebuilt it until the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation 49º29.370 / 109º01.223 After about 17.5 Mexico. Those north of the line, such as Swift Administration completed the project in 1936. The new km’s you’ll come across a green sign announcing the Current Creek, flow northeast and empty into the dam was much improved and now serves as a popular White Mud Pits. This is the site of amine that had been Hudson Bay. Conglomerate Creek is stocked with recreation area. Perhaps after the tour you could wet a used for years. In the earlier part of the century, white brown trout and is another place to try a little line and try for the abundant pike that lurk in its mud mining was big business. The work was mostly fishing, just be sure to ask the landowners first. waters. done by hand with the use of shovels and dynamite. As you continue your tour heading east, you’ll You are welcome to take a small detour and follow the climb out of the valley. After passing a farmyard, 3. Crazy Horse Camp road north up to the actual site of the mine (after keep an eye out for the sign (located on the right GPS map datum: WGS84 obtaining landowner permission). While exploring, you side of the road) 49º31.424 / 108º56.573 49º29.348 / 108º54.662 Roughly three may even be lucky enough to spy an ancient fossil, just announcing the detour to Jones Peak. From there km’s down the road from the dam you’ll remember the Heritage Property Act that states all you’ll be granted a truly breathtaking view of the encounter a bridge. Just past and to the right fossils belong to the government. valley and countryside. (marked by a sign and interpretation) is a flatland that may have been the site of Crazy 6. Ravenscrag 49º29.754/109º05.240 8. Jones Peak Horse’s Camp. Crazy Horse was a great Sioux As you continue down the valley you’ll eventually 49º30.107 / 108º57.219 Jones Peak is chief that helped Sitting Bull defeat Custer at the come to a junction, at which you turn right named after Harold Saunders ‘Corky” Jones. He was Battle of the Little Big Horn. While Sitting Bull (north). To your left is the small community of a local rancher, amateur palaeontologist and fled north into Canada, Crazy Horse continued to Ravenscrag. 49º29.729 / 109º05.228 historian. He was very knowledgeable about local fight before eventually surrendering and being Though it may not look like much now, history and also found a number of fossils including stabbed at the hands of an American soldier. Ravenscrag was once a bustling western town. It a Triceratops skull. From the peak, you can see most After his death about 200 of his lodges fled had three general stores, two livery barns, a of the earlier attractions. What an amazing valley! As across the Medicine Line (the border between the large stockyard and many other businesses. The you continue along the main road, you’ll come USA and Canada). Many famous Sioux warrior town was an important point for shipping out across another junction. 49º31.971 / chiefs such as Spotted Eagle, Stone Dog, Black cattle and horses. Just across from the entrance 108º52.408 To return to town, turn right. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Fauna from the Tyrannosaurus Rex Excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan
    The Fauna from the Tyrannosaurus rex Excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan Tim T. Tokaryk 1 and Harold N. Bryant 2 Tokaryk, T.T. and Bryant, H.N. (2004): The fauna from the Tyrannosaurus rex excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan; in Summary of Investigations 2004, Volume 1, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sask. Industry Resources, Misc. Rep. 2004-4.1, CD-ROM, Paper A-18, 12p. Abstract The quarry that contained the partial skeleton of the Tyrannosaurus rex, familiarly known as “Scotty,” has yielded a diverse faunal and floral assemblage. The site is located in the Frenchman River valley in southwestern Saskatchewan and dates from approximately 65 million years, at the end of the Cretaceous Period. The faunal assemblage from the quarry is reviewed and the floral assemblage is summarized. Together, these assemblages provide some insight into the biological community that lived in southwestern Saskatchewan during the latest Cretaceous. Keywords: Frenchman Formation, Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous, southwestern Saskatchewan, Tyrannosaurus rex. 1. Introduction a) Geological Setting The Frenchman Formation, of latest Maastrichtian age, is extensively exposed in southwestern Saskatchewan (Figure 1; Fraser et al., 1935; Furnival, 1950). The lithostratigraphic units in the formation consist largely of fluvial sandstones and greenish grey to green claystones. Outcrops of the Frenchman Formation are widely distributed in the Frenchman River valley, southeast of Eastend. Chambery Coulee, on the north side of the valley, includes Royal Saskatchewan Museum (RSM) locality 72F07-0022 (precise locality data on file with the RSM), the site that contained the disarticulated skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex. McIver (2002) subdivided the stratigraphic sequence at this locality into “lower” and “upper” beds.
    [Show full text]
  • J the St. Mary and Milk Rivers J 2010 J
    1 J J Report to THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION J On J THE DIVISION OF THE WATERS OF J THE ST. MARY AND MILK RIVERS J 2010 J J J J J J 1 J J J J Cover Photos: Left Side: Norm Midtlyng (USGS) conducting streamflow measurement Milk River at Eastern Crossing using conventional mechanical current meter. Photograph by Aroscott Whiteman, USGS, Montana Water Science Center, Helena, Montana Right Side: Aroscott Whiteman (USGS) conducting streamflow measurement Milk River at Milk River (Town) using hydro-acoustic equipment, acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) . Photograph by Don Bischoff, USGS, Montana Water Science Center, Helena, Montana J J REPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION ON THE DIVISION OF THE WATERS OF THE ST. MARY AND MILK RIVERS FOR THE YEAR 2010 J Submitted By Russell G. Boals Representing Canada And Dr. Randall G. Updike Representing the United States J J November 2011 International Joint Commission Ottawa, Ontario, and Washington, D.C. Commissioners: In compliance with the provisions of Article VI of the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 and Clause VIII( c) of your Order of October 4, .1921; directing the division of the waters of the St. Mary and Milk Rivers between the United States and Canada, we are transmitting herewith a report on the 1 operations during the irrigation season ended October 31, 2010. J Respectfully submitted, J J Russell G. Boals Field Representative for the Accredited Officer of Her Majesty 1 J rA-..t,~ 1 Dr. Randall G. Updike Accredited Officer of the United States J j J J 1 1 l 1 J J 1 1 J J This page intentionally left blank J 1 J 1 j J J SYNOPSIS During the 2010 irrigation season, the natural flow of the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Survey of the Saskatchewan Portion of the Missouri Drainage
    FISH SURVEY OF THE SASKATCHEWAN PORTION OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN Bruce R. McCulloch, Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 James R. Duncan, Manitoba Conservation Data Centre, 200 Saulteaux Cr, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3J 3W3 R. Jeffrey Keith, Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre, 3211 Albert Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 5W6 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this survey was to document the occurrence of rare and threatened fish species in the Saskatchewan portion of the upper Missouri River drainage. While much focus has been placed on species of commercial and economic importance, this survey sought information on the distribution of game and non- game fish. Many groups, such as cyprinids ("minnows"), play an important role in the food web of an aquatic ecosystem. As many cyprinids are associated with unique microhabitats, and segregate accordingly11, they serve as good indicator species for the overall health of a river, and reflect the ecosystem's ability to sustain a level of biological diversity. Other species such as the mountain sucker (Catostomus platyrhynchus) are also associated with specific habitats, and their population trends closely reflect habitat perturbations.5 METHODS AND MATERIALS Fish were sampled throughout south-western Saskatchewan from June 19 - 30, 1993 in permanent creeks and rivers of the upper Missouri River drainage. Water from these sources eventually flows into the Gulf of Mexico (Fig 1). Individual site selection was based mainly on accessibility. Latitude and longitude of each site was recorded using a Trimble Flightmate Global Positioning System (Model 20285-00 Rev B, Trimble Navigation Ltd.) device which is accurate to 100 metres on a two dimensional plane.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cypress Hills and Frenchman River Valley Written by Belinda Riehl-Fitzsimmons Introduction
    The Cypress Hills and Frenchman River Valley Written by Belinda Riehl-Fitzsimmons Introduction The Cypress Hills and Frenchman River Valley are found in the southwestern corner of the province. The area includes communities such as Maple Creek, Shaunavon, Ponteix and Val Marie. Past geological events shaped the land, and people have adapted to its diverse environments since the retreat of the glaciers. Some of the beautiful exposed rock formations throughout the area are about 80 million years old (Upper Cretaceous), with the bedrock of the Cypress Hills being between 16 and 65 million years old (Miocene). The last glacier, called the Laurentide, flowed around the Cypress Hills, leaving it untouched. At an elevation of about 1,392 m, it is the highest point of land in the province. The Cypress Hills area, found in southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta, is a very unique location for many reasons. First, it was the only area in the province not covered by glaciers during the last Ice Age. Second, it contains some of the oldest archaeological sites in the province. Third, it had and still has an exclusive landscape and climate due to its elevation. Fourth, because of its elevation and unique resources, it was a popular area for humans to live. The Frenchman River Valley extends from the south side of the Cypress Hills through Grasslands National Park and into northern Montana. The Frenchman River is part of the Missouri-Mississippi River drainage system and is over 300 km long. The river formed as a glacial meltwater channel. The locals call the river by another name, based on the white clay in the area.
    [Show full text]
  • A Teaching Guide to Saskatchewan Archaeology
    A Teaching Guide to Saskatchewan Archaeology: Companion Document to Incorporating Archaeology into Lesson Plans: Educational Outcomes from the Saskatchewan Curriculum – Grades Four through Nine #1-1730 Quebec Avenue Saskatoon, SK CANADA S7K 1V9 Ph: (306) 664-4124 Fax: (306) 665-1928 [email protected] www.saskarchsoc.ca November 2010 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Archaeology in the Classroom...................................................................................1 1.1 What is Archaeology?......................................................................................................1 1.2 Incorporating Archaeology into the Saskatchewan Curriculum .......................................1 Chapter 2: Saskatchewan Archaeology ........................................................................................4 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................4 2.2 First Nations Perspective ................................................................................................4 2.3 Archaeology Background Information ............................................................................4 2.3.1 Archaeology as a Discipline ...................................................................................2 2.3.2 Context ..................................................................................................................3 2.3.3 Archaeological Methods ........................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • From David Forbes, Saskatchewan Watershed Authority To
    1 Saskatbhewan Head office Victoria Place 11 1 Fairford Street East Moose Jaw, Canada S6H 7x9 (306) 694-3900 (306) 694-3944 Fax www.swa.ca August 30,2004 The Right Honourable Herb Gray Mr. Dennis L. Schornack Chairman, Canadian Section Chairman, United States Section International Joint Commission International Joint Commission 2ZndFloor, 234 Laurier Avenue West 1250 - 23d Street N.W., Suite 100 OTTAWA ON KlP6K6 WASHINGTON D.C. USA 20037 Dear Sirs: Re: Montana Request to Open 1921 Order of the St. Mary and Milk Rivers Attached is a paper that was prepared by Saskatchewan Watershed Authority as Saskatchewan’s position with respect to Montana’s request to open the I92 1 Order. As we have noted in previous correspondence and as outlined in the Watershed Authority presentation to you recently at Eastend, Saskatchewan, we are opposed to the opening of the Order. This paper provides background information on our position leading to a number of conclusions and observations. We appreciate having had the opportunity to provide input to the deliberations of the International Joint Commission on this apportionment issue and we would be pleased to try and provide any additional information the IJC might like to have to assist them. We continue to look forward to an early resolution of this matter. Sincerely, LLwDavid Forbes Minister Responsible for f ILE 1 008SER Saskatchewan Watershed Authority I 3-1-4-9 I Attachment cc: Honourable Len Taylor, Minister of Government Relations St. Mary and Milk River Systems International Joint Commission Public Consultation The Saskatchewan Perspective Regarding the International Joint Commission’s Consideration toward Opening of the 1921 Order Prepared by: Saskatchewan Watershed Authority August 2004 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Report to the IJC.Pdf
    Report to THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION On THE DIVISION OF THE WATERS OF THE ST. MARY AND MILK RIVERS 2013 Cover Photo: Milk River at Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta Photograph by Jerry Wagner-Watchel, Environment Canada, Calgary, Alberta REPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION ON THE DIVISION OF THE WATERS OF THE ST. MARY AND MILK RIVERS FOR THE YEAR 2013 Submitted By Dr. Max M. Ethridge Representing the United States And Dr. Alain Pietroniro Representing Canada April 2014 International Joint Commission Ottawa, Ontario, and Washington, D.C. Commissioners: In compliance with the provisions of Article VI of the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 and Clause VIII(c) of your Order of October 4, 1921, directing the division of the waters of the St. Mary and Milk Rivers between the United States and Canada, we are transmitting herewith a report on the operations during the irrigation season ended October 31, 2013. Respectfully submitted, ________________________________ Dr. Max M. Ethridge Accredited Officer of the United States ________________________________ Dr. Alain Pietroniro Accredited Officer of Her Majesty This page intentionally left blank SYNOPSIS During the 2013 irrigation season, the natural flow of the St. Mary River was 98 percent of the long-term average. The natural flow of the St. Mary River at the International Boundary during the irrigation season, April 1 to October 31, 2013, was 698 400 cubic decametres (dam3) (566,200 acre-feet). Under the terms of the Boundary Waters Treaty, the Canadian allotment was 424 600 dam3 (344,200 acre-feet). The total flow recorded at the International Boundary during the irrigation season was 121 percent of the Canadian allotment.
    [Show full text]
  • Métis Land Settlement at Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan, 1840-1910
    Prairie Perspectives 1 Métis land settlement at Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan, 1840-1910 Beckey Hamilton, University of Regina Luther College Introduction There have been numerous studies of ethnic group settlement in western Canada. Researchers have sought to explain why ethnic groups chose particular areas for settlement.1 Reasons for individual land selections have also been studied, for many groups.2 This study seeks to add to this literature with a detailed study of Métis land settlement at Willow Bunch, a community located in south central Saskatchewan (Figure 1). Although the history of this group’s coming to Willow Bunch is outlined, particular attention is given to Métis land selection; this aspect of Métis settlement has yet to be extensively studied. Overview of Literature Much interest and debate relative to Métis settlement in western Canada has centered around their withdrawal from farmland in Manitoba (Sprague 1980; 1991; Mailhot & Sprague 1985; Ens 1983, 1988, 1989, 1996, 2003; St- Onge 1985; Flanagan 1991; Flanagan & Ens, 1994; Milne 1995) and commitment to agriculture at Red River (Clark 1983). Still, a few maps depict their dispersal from Red River and the locations of their wintering places and settlements on the western plains (Gabriel Dumont Institute 1987, 1994; Burley & Horsfall 1989; Ens 1996; Anderson 1999; Hamilton & Nicholson 2000). Moreover, a project is underway to document and map the Métis homeland (Boisvert, Tough and Ellehøj 2007; Omosa, Ellehøj and Tough 2007; Taylor, Boisvert, Ellhøj and Tough 2007; Tough and Ellehøj 2007). 2 Prairie Perspectives Figure 1: Study area. Some analysis has been made of the location of Métis settlements.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Jay, Vol.35, Issue 2
    FIRST RECORD OF THE STONECAT IN SASKATCHEWAN WATERS LEROY M. ROYER, Kelsey Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and C. BLAINE ANDERSON, Box 310, Shaunavon, Saskatchewan Members of the catfish family (7c- The stonecat can be distinguish tal u ridae) are not common or from most other members of widespread in Saskatchewan waters. family Ictaluridae by the presence Three species, the black bullhead (7c- an aanate adipose fin (low ridgelj talurus melas), the brown bullhead (7. forward extension of the caudal nebulosus) and the tadpole madtom The much smaller tadpole mad (Noturus gyrinus) are reported by also has this feature. Other diagnq Scott and Crossman (1973) to occur in characters of the stonecat I the Souris River basin of southeastern premaxillary tooth patch with lad Saskatchewan. extensions (lacking in tadpole n tom), square caudal fin, and H In July, 1975, Mr. Anderson coloration strongly countershad collected several specimens of the dark above, yellow to white belt stonecat (Noturus flavus) while com¬ pleting a fish collection as part of the The three specimens of stonl course work for the Renewable collected from the Frenchman Rl Resources Technology Program at in 1975 measured 85, 113 and 1541 Kelsey Institute of Applied Arts and total length. One specimen is ini Sciences, Saskatoon. Tnis species was personal collection of Mr. Anderl collected in the Frenchman River a second is in the fish collection al (NEV4 33-4-17 W 3rd) from a pool of Saskatchewan Fisheries Laboratol slow moving water on the north side Saskatoon and the third is in the* of a high bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Setting of Vertebrate Microfossil Localities Across the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary in Southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada
    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Geological setting of vertebrate microfossil localities across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID: cjes-2015-0038.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 20-Apr-2015 Complete List of Authors: Redman, Cory; Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Gardner, JamesDraft D.; Royal Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology, Scott, Craig; Royal Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology, Braman, Dennis; Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Keyword: Maastrichtian, Paleocene, microvertebrates, mammals, terrestrial https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Page 1 of 63 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Geological setting of vertebrate microfossil localities across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada Cory M. Redman, James D. Gardner, Craig S. Scott, and Dennis R. Braman Cory M. Redman, James D. Gardner, Craig S. Scott, and Dennis R. Braman Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology,Draft P.O. Box 7500, Drumheller AB T0J 0Y0, Canada Corresponding author: Cory M. Redman (e-mail: [email protected] ) 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 63 Abstract: The Frenchman and Ravenscrag formations of southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada, record an apparently continuous sequence of nonmarine clastic sediments across the Cretaceous- Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Extensive exposures of these fossil-rich sediments occur in the Frenchman River Valley, near the towns of Ravenscrag, Eastend, and Shaunavon, and have been a focus of study since the 1970s. Despite this long history of investigation, a comprehensive account of the geographic and stratigraphic positions of many of the significant fossil localities has yet to be published.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dendroclimatic Investigation of Southwestern
    A DENDROCLIMATIC INVESTIGATION OF SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science in Geography University of Regina By Samantha Alicia Kerr Regina, Saskatchewan November 2013 Copyright 2013; S.A. Kerr UNIVERSITY OF REGINA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH SUPERVISORY AND EXAMINING COMMITTEE Samantha Alicia Kerr, candidate for the degree of Master of Science in Geography, has presented a thesis titled, A Dendroclimatic Investigation of Southwestern Saskatchewan, in an oral examination held on October 21, 2013. The following committee members have found the thesis acceptable in form and content, and that the candidate demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject material. External Examiner: Dr. Johannes Koch, Brandon University Supervisor: Dr. David Sauchyn, Department of Geography Committee Member: Dr. Joseph Piwowar, Department of Geography Committee Member: Dr. Jeannine Marie St. Jacques, Adjunct Chair of Defense: Dr. Darlene Juschka, Department of Women’s & Gender Studies ABSTRACT Water resources of the southwestern Canadian Prairies are limited and sensitive to changes in climate and land cover. An increasing demand for water resources has increased vulnerability to hydrological drought. Because few instrumental records exceed 100 years, climate proxies are used to extend the historical record of natural variability. Understanding the frequency, magnitude, and duration of past climate extremes allows researchers to better forecast the probability of future extreme hydrological events. Through standard dendrochronological methods, fifteen moisture sensitive tree- ring chronologies (Pinus albicaulis, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus contorta, Picea glauca, and Pseudotsuga menziesii) were collected and updated from the Sweet Grass Hills and Bears Paw Mountains (Montana, USA), and the Cypress Hills (Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada).
    [Show full text]
  • Milk River Transboundary State of the Watershed Report 2Nd Edition
    Messages from the Watershed Council Chairs Milk River Watershed Council Canada Milk River Watershed Alliance Our family has been living and ranching within the Milk River Watershed since 1885. Around 1910 Jacob Pattison, my Sustainability is a very important part of how we work with the land. To gain a better grandfather, arrived at Vandalia, Montana knowledge of our watershed not only defines our roots as a community but better defines to work with the dam on the Milk River. I where we are heading in the future. This report reflects the successes and challenges now live a couple miles downstream from facing all three political jurisdictions in our watershed. that project. Many times I have wondered about the work, dreams, and visions many This report serves as a guidepost; a reflection of the research, monitoring and stewardship have had for the future of this great state. required to manage the common resources for future generations. The majority of Alberta’s endangered species occur in the Milk River Watershed due to the stewardship of our As the Chairman of the Milk River forefathers and will continue with our help in the future. Watershed Alliance, I welcome you to the beauty, splendor, and majesty of our We want this report be read, referenced and used as a resource for watershed home. Our team calls the Milk River “the residents and the scientific community. The future is ours to give to our kids, life line of the hi-line”, as it sustains many let’s make it a good one. communities as it meanders through John A.
    [Show full text]