VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY “Jnana Sangama”, Belgaum-590018 2018-2019 A PROJECT REPORT ON “INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING - A CASE STUDY FROM MAKANKUPPE MINIWATERSHED OF KUMUDAVATHI WATERSHED” Submitted in fully fulfilment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING BY ANKIT KUMAR SINGH (1NH15CV019) JAGATH MOHAN (1NH15CV043) KARAN PATIL (1NH15CV052) KEERTHI T V(1NH15CV053) Under the guidance of Dr. N MAHESHA (Senior Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, NHCE) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NEW HORIZON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU & Approved by AICTE) Accredited by NAAC „A‟, Accredited by NBA (i) The Trust is a recipient of Prestigious Rajyotsava State Award 2012 Conferred by the Government of Karnataka Awarded Outstanding Technical Education Institute in Karnataka - 2016 Outer Ring Road, Near Marathalli, Bengaluru-560103. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Certificate Certified that the project work entitled “INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING – A CASE STUDY FROM MAKANKUPPE MINIWATERSHED OF KUMUDVATHI WATERSHED‟‟ is a bonafide work carried out by ANKIT KUMAR SINGH with USN:1NH15CV019, JAGATH MOHAN with USN:1NH15CV043, KARAN PATIL with USN:1NH15CV052 and KEERTHI T.V with USN:1NH15CV053, in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2018-2019 to meet the academic requirement. Signature of the guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal Dr. N MAHESHA Dr. NIRANJAN P.S DR.MANJUNATHA Examiners: 1. …………………… 2. …………………… (ii) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We express our sincere thanks to Dr. MOHAN MANGHANI, Chairman of New Horizon College of Engineering for providing necessary infrastructure and creating good environment. We would like to express our thanks to Dr. MANJUNATHA, Principal of New Horizon College of Engineering, outer ring road Marathahalli, Bengaluru -560103 for granting us permission to undertake the VTU prescribed project. With a deep sense of gratitude, we would like to thank the Head of Civil Engineering Department, Dr. NIRANJAN P.S, for providing necessary facilities and encouraging us to make this project. We are very thankful to members of IAHV(International association of human values) Dr. Y LINGARAJU,Director KSRSAC & geomatics centre WRDO, Govt. Of Karnataka. RAVINDRA DESAI ,Govt & Corporate Relations, RRP team. We feel with a immense pleasure to express our deep gratitude and profound thanks to my project guide and staff members of the Department of Civil Engineering. Their valuable guidance in both field and office work helped us to carry out the project within the prescribed time. Finally, we express our sincere thanks to lab instructors who provided a helping hand and to all our friends for their kind co-operation and help for the completion of the project. Name USN ANKIT KUMAR SINGH 1NH15CV019 JAGATH MOHAN 1NH15CV043 KARAN PATIL 1NH15CV052 KEERTHI T.V. 1NH15CV053 (iii) INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING – A CASE STUDY FROM MAKANKUPPE MINIWATERSHED OF KUMUDAVATHI WATERSHED (iv) ABSTRACT Watershed management decision making is a complex process. Cooperation and communication among federal, state, and local stakeholders is required while balancing biophysical and socioeconomic concerns. The public is taking part in environmental decisions, and the need for technology transfer from public agencies to stakeholders is increasing. Information technology has had a profound influence on watershed management over the past decade. Advances in data acquisition through remote sensing, data utilization through geographic information systems (GIS), and data sharing through the Internet have provided watershed managers access to more information for management decisions. In the future, applications incorporating hydrologic simulation models, GIS, and decision support systems will be deployed through the Internet. In addition to challenges in making complex modelling technology available to diverse audiences, new information technology issues, such as inter-operability, Internet access, and security, are introduced when GIS, simulation models, and decision support systems are integrated in an Internet environment. Integrated watershed management requires a host of inter-related information to be generated and studied in relation to each other. Remote sensing technique provides valuable and up-to-date spatial, non-spatial, multi-layered information obtained in a wide variety of formats both from remote sensing and other conventional sources has proved to be an effective tool in planning for watershed development. Sustainable participatory watershed management is an approach to restore natural resources and agricultural productivity. The success of watershed management depends on multiple factors from the hydrological profile of the watershed to the local social and economy environment. (v) CONTENTS LIST OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Definition of watershed 2 1.3 Why watershed is important? 3 1.4 What is Watershed Management? 4 1.5 Importance of Watershed Management in present 5 1.6 Why management on natural resources on watershed 5 1.7 Role of Remote sensing & GIS in watershed management 6 1.8 Study area 6 1.9 AimAim andand ObjectiveObjective 7 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 2.1 General 9 2.2 Application of remote Sensing and GIS Technology 9 3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 10 3.1 Materials and Methodology 10 3.2 General description of the study area 11 3.3 Conceptual Design 12 3.4 Methodology 13 3.5 Design Aspect of the Study 13 3.5.1 Data Source 13 3.5.2 Coordinate System for Database 13 3.5.3 Spatial Database Organisation 14 3.5.4 Preparation of Base map 14 3.5.5 Preparation of Drainage map 15 4. PRESENT 19 4.1 Registration of map 19 4.2 Digitization of map 19 4.3 Morphometric analysis 19 4.3.1 Methodology 22 4.3.2 Morphometry 25 4.4 Linear aspects 26 4.4.1 Stream Order 26 4.4.2 Stream Length 26 4.4.3 Mean stream length 26 4.4.4 Stream length ratio 26 4.4.5 Bifurcation ratio 27 4.5 Aerial aspects 27 4.5.1 Drainage density 27 4.5.2 Stream frequency/ Channel frequency 28 4.5.3 Drainage Texture 28 4.5.4 Form factor 29 4.5.5 Circulatory Ratio 29 4.5.6 Elongation ratio 29 4.5.7 Length of overflow land 29 4.6 Working with IAHV 35 4.6.1 About IAHV 35 4.6.2 Kumudvathi river rejuvenation project 35 4.6.3 Structures constructed 36 4.6.3.1 Recharge wells 36 4.6.3.2 Injection wells 37 4.6.3.3 Water pool 38 4.6.3.4 Boulder checks 38 4.6.4 Instrument used 39 4.6.4.1 About Geotech water level meters 39 4.6.4.2 Main function and features 39 4.7 About Villages and their details 40 4.7.1 Tattekere 40 4.7.2 Karimanne 41 4.7.3 Desanahalli 42 4.7.4 Manne 43 4.7.5 Nidvanda 44 4.7.6 Imchanahalli 45 4.7.7 Narasipura 46 4.7.8 Heggunda 47 4.7.9 Lakkasandra 48 4.7.10 Govenahalli 49 4.8 Water level readings of villages 51 5.RESULT 53 5.1 Objectives achieved 53 6.CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES 57 (vi) LIST OF TABLES Sl. CONTENTS PAGE No. NO. 1 Formulae adopted for computation of morphometric parameters 22 2 Description of indicators of Prioritization 24 3 Calculation of different morphometric parameters of Makankuppe 25 4 Water level readings 51 (vii) LIST OF FIGURES Page SL. No. Figures No. 1 1.1 Shows the delineation of watershed 2 2 3.2 General description of the study area 11 3 3.3.1 Location of Bengaluru Rural 12 4 3.5.5.1 Drainage map delinated by sing SOI toposheet No. 57G5 16 5 3.5.5.2 Drainage map delineated by using SOI Toposheets No. 57G5 14 6 3.5.5.3 Makankuppe Watershed Boundary 18 7 4.3.0 Drainage map of Makankuppe Miniwatershed 21 8 4.3.1 Geomorphology Map Of Makankuppe Mini Watershed 30 9 4.3.2 Land Use/ Land Cover Map Of Makankuppe Mini Watershed 31 10 4.3.3 Slope Map Of Makankuppe Mini Watershed 32 11 4.3.4 Soil Map Of Makankuppe Mini Watershed 33 12 4.3.5 Action Plan For Makankuppe Miniwatershed 34 13 4.6.3.1 Recharge Well 36 14 4.6.3.2 Injection Well 37 15 4.6.3.3 Water pool 38 16 4.6.3.4 Boulder Checks 38 17 4.6.4.1 Geotech water level meters 39 18 4.6.4.2 Recharge well structures 40 19 5.1.1 Boulder Check 53 20 5.1.2 Barren Hills Are Covered By Vegetations 54 21 5.1.3 Regeneration Of Grassland 54 22 5.1.4 Increase in crop yield 56 (viii) INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING – A CASE STUDY FROM MAKANKUPPE MINIWATERSHED, NELAMANGALA TALUK, BANGALORE RURAL DISTRICT CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Watershed management decision making is inherently complex. It requires cooperation with federal, state and local bodies while incorporating biophysical and socioeconomic process. Traditionally, transfer of information was unidirectional, typically from state of federal government agencies to landowners. In today's society, bidirectional communication is imperative, expanding the role of land management agencies in the decision making process. However, federal and state budgets are increasingly constrained and new techniques' for information transfer needs to be employed. Watershed management decisions are further complicated by both the complexity of the issues and those processes creating the problems. The difficulties in spatially representing and quantifying biophysical and socioeconomic process require that management decisions be based on imperfect information. Water is life, in all forms and shapes. This basic yet profound truth eluded many of us in the second half of the 20th century.