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Protein and Amino Acid Content of Rice As Affected by Environmental Modifications Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1971 Protein and Amino Acid Content of Rice as Affected by Environmental Modifications. Ruth Martin Patrick Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Patrick, Ruth Martin, "Protein and Amino Acid Content of Rice as Affected by Environmental Modifications." (1971). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2004. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2004 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 71-29,385 PATRICK, Ruth Martin, 1930- PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID CONTENT OF RICE AS AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATIONS. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1971 Food Technology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID CONTENT OF RICE AS AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATIONS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Food Science by Ruth Martin Patrick B .S ., Louisiana State University, 1950 M .S., Louisiana State University, 1951 May, 1971 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express special acknowledgment and gratitude to her major professor, Dr. Fred H. Hoskins, for his guidance, encouragement, and sincere interest and understanding during the course of this study. Sincere gratitude is expressed to Dr. Arthur F. Novak, Head of the Department of Food Science, for granting her an assistantship and laboratory facilities for her research and studies in this department, and also for his counsel and encouragement. Appreciation is also extended to Dr. Robert Grodner, Dr. William H. James, Dr. Joseph A. Liuzzo, and Dr. Harvye Lewis, other members of her advisory committee. The author is indebted to Dr. W. F. Me Knight, School of Home Economics, for permitting use of facilities for amino acid analyses, I and to Mrs. Charlotte Gandy for technical assistance. The author is especially indebted to Mr. Emmett Wilson and the Louisiana Rice Experiment Station for furnishing rice samples and yield data for this investigation. Above all, the author expresses special gratitude to her husband, Dr. William H. Patrick, Jr., whose continuous inspiration, encourage­ ment, and love made this course of study possible. She also expresses affection to her four children for their cooperation and understanding during the years of this graduate program. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE............................................................................... 3 Nutritional Value of P ro te in s............................................................. 4 Varietal Differences and Environmental Factors........................ 6 Protein Fractions...................................................................................... 10 Amino Acids in Rice Proteins.................................... 16 Factors Affecting Protein Content of R ice ..................................... 20 Effect of M illing...................................................................................... 21 Breeding for High Protein R ice .......................................................... 22 MATERIAIS AND METHODS......................................................................... 25 Preparation of S am ples ......................................................................... 26 Protein Determination............................................................................ 28 Amino Acid Analyses ............................................................................... 28 Statistical Analyses ............................................................................... 29 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...................................................................... 30 Protein Content......................................................................................... 30 lii Page Grain Yields.............................................................................................. 47 Protein Y ield ............................... 51 Amino Acid A n a ly s e s ........................................................ 52 Effect of Nitrogen.................................................................................. 5 7 Effect of M illin g ..................................................................................... 57 Effect of Year........................................................................................... 62 Relationship of Amino Acids to Protein C ontent- ...................... 64 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS................................................................ 67 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY................................ 70 VITA..................................................................................................................... 78 iv LIST OF TABLES T ab le Page 1. Treatments used in experiment.................................................... 27 2. Protein content of brown and milled Saturn, Dawn and Bluebells rice as affected by rate of nitrogen in 196B and 1969 ............................................................................... 32 3. Protein content of Saturn, Dawn and Bluebelle rice as affected by environmental variables ................................... 33 4. Protein content, grain yield and protein yield of Saturn brown rice as affected by environmental v a ria b le s .............................................................................................. 35 5 . Protein content, grain yield and protein yield of Saturn milled rice as affected by environmental variab les .............................................................. ............................... 36 6. Protein content, grain yield and protein yield of Dawn brown rice as affected by environmental v ariab les .............................................................................................. 39 7. Protein content, grain yield and protein yield of Dawn milled rice as affected by environmental varia ble s .............................................................................................. 40 8. Protein content, grain yield and protein yield of Bluebelle brown rice as affected by environmental variab les .................. 43 9. Protein content, grain yield and protein yield of Bluebelle milled rice as affected by environmental v ariables .............................................................................................. 44 10. Amino acid composition of Saturn milled rice (g amino acid per 16.8 g N ) ......................................................... 53 11. Amino acid composition of Bluebelle milled rice (g amino acid per 16.8 g N) ......................................................... 54 v Table Page 12. Amino acid composition of Saturn and Bluebelle brown rice (g amino acid per 16.8 g N) ...................................... 55 13. Amino acid composition of Dawn rice (g amino acid per 16.8 g N) .............................................................................. 56 14. Amino acid content of comparable rice samples as affected by rate and time of nitrogen application (g amino acid per 16.8 g N) ............... 58 15. Average amino acid composition of protein for 18 samples of milled rice and 7 samples of brown rice (g amino acid per 16.8 g N) ........................................ 60 16. Amino acid content of comparable samples of brown and milled rice (g amino acid per 16.8 g N) . 61 17. Amino acid content of comparable milled rice samples in 1968 and 1969 (g amino acid per 16.8 g N ) .......................................................................................... 63 18. Comparative amino acid contents of milled rice (g amino acid per 16.8 g N) ........................................ 66 vi UST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 ♦ Protein content of Saturn brown rice as affected by rate and time of nitrogen application in 1968 and 1969 .......................................................................................................... 37 2. Protein content of Saturn milled rice as affected by rate and time of nitrogen application in 1968 and 1969 ................................................................ 38 3. Protein content of Dawn brown rice as affected by rate and time of nitrogen application in 1968 and 1969 .......................................................................................................... 41 4. Protein content of Dawn milled rice as affected
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