DOCSLIB.ORG

Shanxi Road Development Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shanxi Road Development Project Com pletion Report Project Number: 29426 Loan Number: 1701 September 2006 People’s Republic of China: Shanxi Road Development Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Appraisal At Project Completion 30 June 1999 31 March 2006 CNY1.00 = $0.1208 $0.1246 $1.00 = CNY8.2800 CNY8.0268 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOC – Bank of Communications EIA – environmental impact assessment FIDIC – Federation International des Ingenieurs–Conseils (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product IDC – interest during construction LIBOR – London interbank offered rate NPV – net present value O&M – operation and maintenance PCR – project completion report pcu – passenger car unit PPMS – project performance management system PRC – People’s Republic of China RP – resettlement plan SPCD – Shanxi Provincial Communications Department SPG – Shanxi provincial government SQEC – Shanxi Qilin Expressway Company Limited WACC – weighted average cost of capital WEIGHTS AND MEASURES mu – 1/15 hectare km/h – Kilometer per hour NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice President C. Lawrence Greenwood, Jr., Operations Group 2 Director General H. S. Rao, East Asia Department (EARD) Director N. Rayner, Transport Division, EARD Team leader S. Noda, Project Specialist, EARD Team member Y. Li, Young Professional, EARD CONTENTS Page BASIC DATA ii MAPS vii I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 II. EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 2 A. Relevance of Design and Formulation 2 B. Project Outputs 2 C. Project Costs and Financing Plan 5 D. Disbursements 6 E. Project Schedule 6 F. Implementation Arrangements 7 G. Conditions and Covenants 7 H. Consultant Recruitment and Procurement 8 I. Performance of Consultants, Contractors, and Suppliers 8 J. Performance of the Borrower and the Executing Agency 9 K. Performance of the Asian Development Bank 10 III. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE 10 A. Relevance 10 B. Effectiveness in Achieving Outcome 11 C. Efficiency in Achieving Outcome and Outputs 13 D. Preliminary Assessment of Sustainability 14 E. Impact 14 IV. OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16 A. Overall Assessment 16 B. Lessons Learned 17 C. Recommendations 18 APPENDIXES 1. Project Framework 19 2. Chronology of Major Events 25 3. Design and Implementation of Expressway 27 4. Rural Road Maintenance 30 5. List of International Training Provided 33 6. Project Cost and Financing Plan 35 7. Projected and Actual Disbursement 36 8. Implementation Schedule 37 9. Organization Charts of the Project 38 10. Compliance with Loan Covenants 41 11. Contract Details for Civil Works, Equipment, and Consultant 47 12. Traffic Volume Projection 51 13. Financial Reevaluation 53 14. Economic Reevaluation 58 15. Land Acquisition and Resettlement 60 16. Socioeconomic Impacts of the Project 66 BASIC DATA A. Loan Identification 1. Country People’s Republic of China 2. Loan Number 1701 3. Project Title Shanxi Road Development Project 4. Borrower Ministry of Finance 5. Executing Agency Shanxi Provincial Communications Department 6. Amount of Loan $250.0 million 7. Project Completion Report Number PCR: PRC 968 B. Loan Data 1. Appraisal – Date Started 08 June 1999 – Date Completed 18 June 1999 2. Loan Negotiations – Date Started 11 August 1999 – Date Completed 13 August 1999 3. Date of Board Approval 30 September 1999 4. Date of Loan Agreement 01 August 2000 5. Date of Loan Effectiveness – In Loan Agreement 01 November 2000 – Actual 01 November 2000 – Number of Extensions 0 6. Closing Date – In Loan Agreement 30 June 2004 – Actual 23 March 2006 – Number of Extensions 3 7. Terms of Loan – Interest Rate Pool-based variable lending rate for US dollarsa – Maturity (number of years) 24 – Grace Period (number of years) 4 8. Terms of Relending (if any) – Interest Rate Pool-based variable lending rate for US dollarsa – Maturity (number of years) 24 – Grace Period (number of years) 4 – Second-Step Borrower Shanxi Qilin Expressway Co. Ltd a Interest rate was changed to LIBOR-based loan on 31 July 2002 on the request of Shanxi Provincial Communications Department. iii 9. Disbursements a. Dates Initial Disbursement Final Disbursement Time Interval 15 April 2001 23 March 2006 59 months Effective Date Original Closing Date Time Interval 1 November 2000 30 June 2004 44 months b. Amount ($) Category or Original Last Revised Amount Amount Subloan Allocation Allocation Canceled Disbursed A. C/W Expressway 162,300,000 185,100,000 98,791 185,001,209 B. C/W Provincial and 4,000,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 Country Roads to Intercity C. C/W County Roads to Township 1,000,000 1,000,000 0 1,000,000 Centers D. Equipment and Supply 39,600,000 28,600,000 2,144,501 26,455,499 E. Consulting Services and 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,051 1,498,949 Training F. IDC 29,800,000 29,800,000 6,691,093 23,108,907 G. Unallocated 11,800,000 0 0 0 Total 250,000,000 250,000,000 8,935,436 241,064,564 C/W = civil works, IDC = interest during construction. C. Project Data 1. Project Cost ($ million) Cost Appraisal Estimate Actual Foreign Exchange Cost 330.5 271.8 Local Currency Cost 395.6 345.7 Total 726.1 617.5 2. Financing Plan ($ million) Cost Appraisal Estimate Actual Implementation Costs Borrower Financed 418.9 330.5 ADB Financed 220.1 218.0 Other External Financing 48.2 37.2 Total 687.2 585.7 IDC Costs Borrower Financed 9.0 8.7 ADB Financed 29.9 23.1 Other External Financing 0.0 0.0 Total 38.9 31.8 ADB = Asian Development Bank, IDC = interest during construction. iv 3. Cost Breakdown by Project Component ($ million) Appraisal Estimate Actual Component Foreign Local Total Foreign Local Total Exchange Currency Exchange Currency . A. Base Cost Civil Works 206.0 241.8 447.8 185.0 228.5 413.5 Equipment 39.6 5.2 44.8 34.7 4.6 39.3 Land Acquisition and 0.0 43.0 43.0 0.0 37.3 37.3 Resettlement Consulting and Training Services 1.5 5.5 7.0 1.5 29.5 31.0 Provincial Roads/Country Roads 17.3 40.6 57.9 27.5 37.1 64.6 Subtotal (A) 264.4 336.1 600.5 248.7 337.0 585.7 B. Contingencies 36.2 50.6 86.7 C. Interest During Construction 29.9 9.0 38.9 23.1 8.7 31.8 Total 330.5 395.6 726.1 271.8 345.7 617.5 4. Project Schedule Item Appraisal Estimate Actual Date of Contract with Consultants February 2000 24 Nov 2000 Completion of Engineering Designs February 1999 February 1999 Civil Works Contract Date of Award April 2000 13 Dec 2000 Completion of Work December 2003 28 Sep 2003 Equipment and Supplies Dates First Procurement March 2002 17 May 2002 Last Procurement October 2002 28 Apr 2005 Completion of Equipment Installation December 2003 December 2005 5. Project Performance Report Ratings Ratings Implementation Period Development Implementation Objectives Progress From 31 December 1998 to 31 December 2000 S S From 31 January 2001 to 30 August 2001 HS HS From 30 September 2001 to 31 August 2002 HS S From 30 September 2002 to 31 August 2003 HS HS From 30 September 2003 to 31 May 2004 HS S From 30 June 2004 to 31 December 2004 S S HS = highly satisfactory, S = satisfactory. D. Data on Asian Development Bank Missions No. of No. of Specialization Name of Mission Date a Persons Person-Days of Members Fact-Finding Mission 9–22 March 1999 6 84 a, b, c, d, e, f Appraisal Mission 8–18 June 1999 7 70 a, b, c, e, h, i Inception Mission 14–19 November 3 18 b, c, j 2000 Review Mission 1 19–23 June 2001 1 5 c v No. of No. of Specialization Name of Mission Date Persons Person-Days of Membersa Review Mission 2 7–11 May 2002 1 5 c Review Mission 3 13–19 August 2003 3 21 b, c, j Review Mission 4 17–22 March 2005 2 12 c, j Project Completion Reviewb 10–17 April 2006 3 19 c, j, k Notes: a a – economist, b - financial analyst, c - engineer, d – social development specialist, , e – programs officer, f – environment specialist , g – counsel, h – audit specialist, i – manager, j – assistant project analyst, k – young professional. b The project completion report was prepared by , S. Noda, Project Specialist, (Roads) who was in field from 10 to 17 April while the other Mission members were in field from 12 to 17 April 2006. Map 1 o o 110 00’E 120 00’E 114o 00'E MONGOLIA INNER MONGOLIA Erenhot Shenyang LIAONING SHANXI ROAD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT o IN THE Hohhot 40 00’N BEIJING PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Bohai Sea o Tianjin (as completed) 40 00’N TIANJIN SHANXI Yinchuan HEBEI Shijiazhuang t o Taiyuan NINGXIA E Qixian r Jinan e Yellow Sea n Xining I N N E R M O N G O L I A h Linfen SHANDONG o o t Yumenkou 30 00’N Houma Lanzhou GANSU Zhengzhou JIANGSU o HENAN 35 00’N Xi'an ANHUI Nanjing SHAANXI Hefei Shanghai Dadong o o HUBEI o SHANGHAI 40 00'N o 110 00’E 120 00’E 40 00'N o 111 00'E er DADONG iv R n a g Project Area g n SHOUZHOU a National Capital S Shuozhou Provincial Capital Prefecture Seat Other City/Town National Highway Other Road National Trunk Highway System Plan XINZHOU Project Expressway Project Provincial Road Project County and Township Road Xinhou ADB--Financed Shanxi Road II H E B E I Project Expressway S H A N X I YANGQUAN Other Expressway Opened LULIANG Yangquan Other Expressway Planned TAIYUAN Railway S H A A N X I TAIYUAN River Jinzhong Prefecture Boundary JINZHONG Wenshui Taigu Provincial Boundary C7 Luliang International Boundary P1 Taigu Qixian C2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Investigation and Suggestion on the Building Environment of Traditional Courtyard House
    2018 International Conference on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Environmental Sustainability (ICACEES 2018) ISBN: 978-1-60595-571-1 Investigation and Suggestion on the Building Environment of Traditional Courtyard House in Ancient City of Pingyao Xiaoxing Han and Xiangdong Zhu ABSTRACT The ancient city of Pingyao is the world cultural heritage, it has a complete preservation of the wall, the Yamen, the temple as well as numerous traditional commercial shops and the dwelling house, it is the Chinese historical economic and cultural development real testimony. With the development of society, there are great changes in family structure and life style, and people's demand is more and more abundant. People living in traditional courtyard house need to improve their living facilities and building environment and improve their living comfort continuously. We need more exploration and research on how to preserve the authenticity and integrality of the heritage value, improve the living environment, improve the quality of life of the residents, and let the residents actively participate in the protection of the heritage and enjoy the achievements of the heritage protection through the restoration of the traditional courtyard house in the ancient city of Pingyao.1 KEYWORDS Ancient City of Pingyao, Traditional Courtyard House, Building Environment, Renewal and Transformation. BACKGROUND OVERVIEW The ancient city of Pingyao is located in Pingyao county, Jinzhong city, Shanxi province. It was first established during the Western Zhou Dynasty around 827-782 1Xiaoxing Han, Xiangdong Zhu, College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China. 431 B.C. As a county—in its current location—it dates back to the Northern Wei Dynasty around 424-448 A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Thinking of Regional Spirit from Village Change
    2020 3rd International Conference on Economy Development and Social Sciences Research (EDSSR 2020) Thinking of Regional Spirit from Village Change Nan LIU1,a,*, Yifan Xin1,b, Shangming Li2,c, Caixia Guo3,d, Ye LUO4,e 1school of Public Economics and Finance, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China 2School of International Trade, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China 3school of Public Administration, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *corresponding author Keywords: Village change, Regional spirit, Cultural identity Abstract: This paper studies the social and historical changes and regional spirit of Beiliang Village. Through investigation and research, we can understand and restore the history, remember the spirit of the predecessors of Beiliang, and enhance the historical and cultural attainment. Reflect on the regional spirit from the changes of villages, enhance the sense of identity and belonging to traditional culture, learn to pay attention to history, feel history, trace history, take the initiative to protect the village culture and carry forward the regional spirit of the Chinese nation social responsibility. 1. Introduction Regional spirit reflects the national and national spirit, is a part of the national and national spirit, is the foundation of the national and national spirit, is the spiritual pillar of the Chinese civilization from generation to generation. Beiliang people's enterprising spirit of constantly striving for self-improvement, the national integrity of being brave and unyielding, and the national conditions and capital with responsibility for rise and fall are the embodiment of the regional spirit of The Beiliang, which all manifest the great national spirit with patriotism as the core.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Coal Mining on Karst Water System in North China
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 3 ( 2011 ) 293 – 302 2011 Xican International Conference on Fine Geological Exploration and Groundwater & Gas Hazards Control in Coal Mines Impact of Coal Mining on Karst Water System in North China Xiangqing Fang*, Yaojun Fu Hydrogeology Bureau of China Nat ion al Administration of Coal Geology, Handan 056004, China Abstract Based on a large number of data, the paper analysed the influence factors of coal mining for the karst water system in north China, used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for evaluation of the effect of coal mining on the karst water system, and divided influence degree subareas of State-planed 21 coal mining areas. We also come up with some suggestions on prevention and control measures of principle according to the different influence degrees. ©© 20112011 Published Published by by Elsevier Elsevier Ltd. Ltd. Selection Selection and and/or peer-review peer-review under under responsibility responsibility of China of Xi’an Coal Research Society Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp Keywords: karst-water system in north China, influence degree, prevention and control measures; North China type coalfield and the karst water system in the north are inseparable, there exists three superposition relationships [1]: monoclinal structure, synclinal structure and block-faulting structure. Karst water system in the north is characterized by large scales, numerous components of water resources, the complexity of transformation between water resources, coexistence of water and coal and so on. The karst water resource in the north is not only important water resource, but also is threatening the coal resources.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the How and Why of Urban Preservation: Protecting Historic Neighborhoods in China a Disser
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The How and Why of Urban Preservation: Protecting Historic Neighborhoods in China A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Planning by Jonathan Stanhope Bell 2014 © Copyright by Jonathan Stanhope Bell 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The How and Why of Preservation: Protecting Historic Neighborhoods in China by Jonathan Stanhope Bell Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Planning University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Chair China’s urban landscape has changed rapidly since political and economic reforms were first adopted at the end of the 1970s. Redevelopment of historic city centers that characterized this change has been rampant and resulted in the loss of significant historic resources. Despite these losses, substantial historic neighborhoods survive and even thrive with some degree of integrity. This dissertation identifies the multiple social, political, and economic factors that contribute to the protection and preservation of these neighborhoods by examining neighborhoods in the cities of Beijing and Pingyao as case studies. One focus of the study is capturing the perspective of residential communities on the value of their neighborhoods and their capacity and willingness to become involved in preservation decision-making. The findings indicate the presence of a complex interplay of public and private interests overlaid by changing policy and economic limitations that are creating new opportunities for public involvement. Although the Pingyao case study represents a largely intact historic city that is also a World Heritage Site, the local ii focus on tourism has disenfranchised residents in order to focus on the perceived needs of tourists.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Resources-Based Cities in Shanxi Province Based on Unascertained Measure
    sustainability Article Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Resources-Based Cities in Shanxi Province Based on Unascertained Measure Yong-Zhi Chang and Suo-Cheng Dong * Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-64889430; Fax: +86-10-6485-4230 Academic Editor: Marc A. Rosen Received: 31 March 2016; Accepted: 16 June 2016; Published: 22 June 2016 Abstract: An index system is established for evaluating the level of sustainable development of resources-based cities, and each index is calculated based on the unascertained measure model for 11 resources-based cities in Shanxi Province in 2013 from three aspects; namely, economic, social, and resources and environment. The result shows that Taiyuan City enjoys a high level of sustainable development and integrated development of economy, society, and resources and environment. Shuozhou, Changzhi, and Jincheng have basically realized sustainable development. However, Yangquan, Linfen, Lvliang, Datong, Jinzhong, Xinzhou and Yuncheng have a low level of sustainable development and urgently require a transition. Finally, for different cities, we propose different countermeasures to improve the level of sustainable development. Keywords: resources-based cities; sustainable development; unascertained measure; transition 1. Introduction In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) proposed the concept of “sustainable development”. In 1996, the first official reference to “sustainable cities” was raised at the Second United Nations Human Settlements Conference, namely, as being comprised of economic growth, social equity, higher quality of life and better coordination between urban areas and the natural environment [1].
    [Show full text]
  • People's Republic of China: Town-Based
    People’s Republic of China Town-Based Urbanization Strategy Study ADB TA 4335-PRC Final Report Volume 1: Main Report Prepared for Asian Development Bank National Development and Reform Commission Prepared by PADCO, Washington, DC CCTRD, Beijing August 2005 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COLLABORATIVE INTERNATIONAL Setting the Standard for Our Industry® The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of the Asian Development Bank or those of its member governments. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Table of Contents Volume 1 Executive Summary.........................................................................................................ES-1 Section 1: Introduction..........................................................................................................1 1.1 Background and Objectives ...................................................................................1 1.2 Study Methodology.................................................................................................4 Section 2: Urbanization Case Studies: Main Findings .......................................................7 2.1 Town Management.................................................................................................7 2.2 Economic Development.......................................................................................11 2.3 Economic Infrastructure.......................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Due Diligence Report on Land Use Rights Transfer and Land Acquisition and Resettlement
    Shanxi Inclusive Agricultural Value Chain Development Project (RRP PRC 48358) Due Diligence Report on Land Use Rights Transfer and Land Acquisition and Resettlement Project number: 48358-001 August 2017 People’s Republic of China: Shanxi Inclusive Agricultural Value Chain Development Project Prepared by Zhiyang He for the Asian Development Bank PRC: Shanxi Inclusive Agriculture Value Chain Development Project Due Diligence Report on Land Use Rights Transfer and Land Acquisition and Resettlement (Revised on 25 June 2017) August 2017 Zhiyang He, Land and Resettlement Specialist TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Background ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tasks Assigned and Progress ......................................................................................... 1 1.3 Methodology and approaches ...................................................................................... 1 2. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts Screening ............................................................ 4 2.1 Screening of LAR Impacts .............................................................................................. 4 2.2 Documentation Preparation on LAR ............................................................................. 4 3. Type and Scope of Voluntary Land Use of PACs .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Preparing the Small Cities and Towns Development Demonstration Sector Projects
    Technical Assistance Report Project Number: 40641 July 2007 People’s Republic of China: Preparing the Small Cities and Towns Development Demonstration Sector Projects CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 11 July 2007) Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1319 $1.00 = CNY7.5835 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank DFR – draft final report DMF – design and monitoring framework EA – executing agency EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan FSR – feasibility study report HPG – Hebei provincial government IA – implementing agency LPG – Liaoning provincial government PMO – project management office PPMS – project performance monitoring system PRC – People’s Republic of China RP – resettlement plan SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SPG – Shanxi provincial government TA – technical assistance TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION Targeting Classification – Targeted intervention (MDG) Sectors – Multisector (water supply, sanitation and waste management, transport and communication, energy, education) Subsectors – Water supply and sanitation, waste management, roads and highways, energy transmission and distribution, technical education, vocational training and skills development Themes – Inclusive social development, Sustainable economic growth, environmental sustainability Subthemes – Human development, fostering physical infrastructure development, urban environmental improvement NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice President C. Lawrence Greenwood, Jr., Operations Group 2 Director General H.S. Rao, East Asia Department (EARD) Director R. Wihtol, Social Sectors Division, EARD Team leader A. Leung, Principal Urban Development Specialist, EARD Team members M. Gupta, Social Development Specialist (Safeguards), EARD S. Popov, Senior Environment Specialist, EARD T. Villareal, Urban Development Specialist, EARD W. Walker, Social Development Specialist, EARD J. Wang, Project Officer (Urban Development and Water Supply), People’s Republic of China Resident Mission, EARD L.
    [Show full text]
  • People's Republic of China: Shanxi Road Development II Project
    Completion Report Project Number: 34097 Loan Number: 1967 August 2008 People’s Republic of China: Shanxi Road Development II Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Appraisal At Project Completion (14 November 2002) (as of 6 March 2008) CNY1.00 = $0.1208 $0.14047 $1.00 = CNY8.277 CNY7.119 ABBREVIATIONS AADT – average annual daily traffic ADB – Asian Development Bank CSE – chief supervision engineer CSEO – chief supervision engineer office DCSE – deputy chief supervision engineer EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product HDM-4 – highway design and maintenance standards model, version 4 ICB – international competitive bidding IDC – interest and other charges during construction IEE – initial environmental examination IRI – international roughness index MOC – Ministry of Communications NCB – national competitive bidding NTHS – national trunk highway system O&M – operation and maintenance PCR – project completion review PPMS – project performance management system PRC – People’s Republic of China PRIS – poverty reduction impact study PRMP – poverty reduction monitoring program REO – resident engineer office RP – resettlement plan SCD – Shanxi Communications Department SCF – standard conversion factor SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SEPA – State Environment Protection Administration SFB – Shanxi Finance Bureau SHEC – Shanxi Hou-yu Expressway Construction Company Limited SKCC – Shaanxi Kexin Consultant Company SPG – Shanxi provincial government VOC – vehicle operating cost YWNR – Yuncheng Wetlands Nature Reserve WEIGHTS AND MEASURES mu – A traditional land area measurement, it is equivalent to 666.66 square meters, or 0.1647 acres, or 0.066 of a hectare. m/km – meters per kilometer mg/m3 – milligram per meter cube p.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitality Promotion Study of Zhaoyu Ancient City Based on Symbiosis Between Tourists and Local Residents
    UIA 2021 RIO: 27th World Congress of Architects Vitality Promotion Study of Zhaoyu Ancient City Based On Symbiosis Between Tourists and Local Residents Li MIAO Bing LI Dalian University of Technology Dalian University of Technology Xiaoyan HUANG Na LI Dalian University of Technology DiDi chuxing technology Co Abstract 1. Concept of symbiosis and Zhaoyu Ancient City is located in Qi progress of related research county, Shanxi Province in China. Today, The word “symbiosis” comes from Greek and the ancient city still preserves its urban was originally a biological concept. The theory form dating back to 1,500 years ago. As a of symbiosis emphasizes the mutual city heritage, Zhaoyu Ancient City has high coordination, fusion and cooperation among historical value. Based on the concept of materials to achieve win-win co-prosperity. By now, the concept of symbiosis has begun to "symbiosis ", this paper regards Zhaoyu [1] Ancient City as a dynamic symbiosis permeate in all fields . The symbiosis theory in the field of architecture was put forward by system, in which both tourists and local the famous Japanese architect Keizo Kurokawa, residents are symbiosis elements. First of who advocated the symbiosis between all, the study investigated the composition heterogeneous cultures, the integration of of local residents and tourists. Then, the interior and exterior, the continuity of nature and paper analyzes its vitality, compares the architecture, and the coexistence of history and peak season with the off-season, and modernity, etc [2]. reveals that Zhaoyu Ancient City still keeps the characteristics of the living ancient city. Ancient city is a place where various people live Its vitality injected by local residents is as together.
    [Show full text]
  • 48358-001: Shanxi Inclusive Agricultural Value Chain
    Environmental Monitoring Report Project Number: 48358-001 October 2019 PRC: Shanxi Inclusive Agricultural Value Chain Development Project (2018) Prepared by: Shanxi Foreign Capital Poverty Alleviation Project Management Office. This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 December 2018) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $ 0.1454 $1.00 = CNY 6.8755 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank GRM Grievance redress mechanism AVC Agricultural value chain Leq Equivalent continuous sound pressure level, in decibels BOD5 5-day biochemical oxygen demand LAeq Equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level, in decibels CNY Chinese Yuan, Renminbi IA Implementing agency CODcr Chemical oxygen demand IEE Initial environmental examination CSC Construction supervision company MOE Ministry of Environment dB Decibels NH3-N Ammonia nitrogen DO Dissolved oxygen NO2 Nitrate EIA Environmental impact assessment O&M Operation and maintenance EA Executing Agency pH potential of hydrogen; used to specify the acidity or basicity of a solution EIA Environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Global Map of Irrigation Areas CHINA
    Global Map of Irrigation Areas CHINA Area equipped for irrigation (ha) Area actually irrigated Province total with groundwater with surface water (ha) Anhui 3 369 860 337 346 3 032 514 2 309 259 Beijing 367 870 204 428 163 442 352 387 Chongqing 618 090 30 618 060 432 520 Fujian 1 005 000 16 021 988 979 938 174 Gansu 1 355 480 180 090 1 175 390 1 153 139 Guangdong 2 230 740 28 106 2 202 634 2 042 344 Guangxi 1 532 220 13 156 1 519 064 1 208 323 Guizhou 711 920 2 009 709 911 515 049 Hainan 250 600 2 349 248 251 189 232 Hebei 4 885 720 4 143 367 742 353 4 475 046 Heilongjiang 2 400 060 1 599 131 800 929 2 003 129 Henan 4 941 210 3 422 622 1 518 588 3 862 567 Hong Kong 2 000 0 2 000 800 Hubei 2 457 630 51 049 2 406 581 2 082 525 Hunan 2 761 660 0 2 761 660 2 598 439 Inner Mongolia 3 332 520 2 150 064 1 182 456 2 842 223 Jiangsu 4 020 100 119 982 3 900 118 3 487 628 Jiangxi 1 883 720 14 688 1 869 032 1 818 684 Jilin 1 636 370 751 990 884 380 1 066 337 Liaoning 1 715 390 783 750 931 640 1 385 872 Ningxia 497 220 33 538 463 682 497 220 Qinghai 371 170 5 212 365 958 301 560 Shaanxi 1 443 620 488 895 954 725 1 211 648 Shandong 5 360 090 2 581 448 2 778 642 4 485 538 Shanghai 308 340 0 308 340 308 340 Shanxi 1 283 460 611 084 672 376 1 017 422 Sichuan 2 607 420 13 291 2 594 129 2 140 680 Tianjin 393 010 134 743 258 267 321 932 Tibet 306 980 7 055 299 925 289 908 Xinjiang 4 776 980 924 366 3 852 614 4 629 141 Yunnan 1 561 190 11 635 1 549 555 1 328 186 Zhejiang 1 512 300 27 297 1 485 003 1 463 653 China total 61 899 940 18 658 742 43 241 198 52
    [Show full text]