Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Ogden Valley, Utah
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GEOLOGGEOLOGYY ANANDD GROUND-WATEGROUND- WATERR RESOURCERESOURCESS OOFF OGDEOGDENN VALLEYVALLEY,, UTAHUTAH bbyy Vedatt DDoyuraoyurann A ththesiesiss submittedsubmitted toto tthhee facultyfaculty ofof thethe UniveUniversitrsityy ofof UtahUtah inin partiall fulfillmentfulfillment ooff ththee requirementsrequirements foforr thethe degreedegree ofof DoctoDoctorr ofof PhilosophyPhilosophy inin GeologicalGeological EngineeEngineerinringg DepartmentDepartment ofof Geologicall andand Geophysicall SciencesSciences UniversityUniversity ofof UtahUtah JuneJune 19721972 ThisThis DissertaDissertatiotionn for tthhee DoctorDoctor ofof PhilosophyPhilosophy DegDegrereee byby Vedat DoyuDoyurarann hashas beenbeen approvedapproved OcOctobetoberr 1971971 Chairman, Supervisory Committee SupervisorySupervisory CommiCommittetteee Supervisory Committee Supervisory Committee At /L ChaiChairmanrman,, Majorr DepaDepartmenrtme ntt ate School PLEASPLEASEE NOTE:NOTE: SomeSome pagepagess havehave smallsmall andand indistinctt printprint.. FilFilmemedd asas rreceivedeceived . • UNIVERSITUNIVERS ITYY MICROFILMSMICROF IL:-.IS . ACKNOWLEDGMENTACKNOWLEDGMENTSS TheThe writerr iiss indebtedindebted ttoo DrDr.. HarryHarry D.. Goode,Goode, whwhoo introduceintroducedd thee subjectsubject ofof groundground waterr to the writer.. DurinDuringg ththee perioperiodd ofof investigationinvestigation hehe mademade manymany vavaluabll uablee suggestionsuggestionss andand constantlyconstantly encoencourageuragedd the writewriterr.. Mr.Mr. TedTed Arnow,, DistDistricrictt Chief,, DivisionDivision ooff WateWaterr ResourceResourcess ooff tthhee UU.S. S. Geologicall Survey,, anandd Dr.. MattheMattheww P.. NackowskNackowskii suggestesuggestedd ththee projectproject area.area. Mr.. GlennGlenn Butler, I DivisioDivisionn ofof Waterr ResourceResourcess ooff tthhee U.. S. GeologicalGeological Survey,, helpehel pedd ththee writewriterr ttoo instalinstalll ththee watewater-lever-levell rrecorderecorders andand alsoalso provideprovidedd ththee long-terlong- termm water-levewater- levell measurementmeasurementss forfor severalseveral obseobservatiorvationn wewellslls.. Dr.. HarryHarry DD.. Goode,. Assoc.. Prof.Prof. EdwiEdwinn CC.. Nordquist, , DrDr .. WiWillialliamm T.T. Parry,Parry, Dr. WilliaWilliamm P.. Hewitt,, andand Dr.. MattheMattheww PP.. NackowskiNackowski reareadd andand commentedcommented oonn ththee thesisthesis.. LaboratorLaboratoryy facilitiefacilitiess foforr ththee determinadeterminatiotionn ofof tthhee chemicalchemical qualitqualityy ooff ththee watewaterr samplessamples anandd mechanicamechanicall analyseanalysess ofof soilsoil samplessamples wewerre provideprovidedd bbyy DrDr.. WiWillialliamm P. HewittHewitt anandd AssocAssoc.. Prof.Prof. EdwinEdwin C .. NordquisNordquistt.. MrMr.. RichardRichard HansenHansen,, DepartmenDepartmentt ofof AgriculturAgriculturee SoilSoil ConserConser vationvation SeServicr vicee iinn Ogden,, andand Mrs. LoiLoiss AA.. ArnoArnoww helpehelpedd ththee writewriterr to iidenden ttififyy tthhee planplanttss iinn OgdenOgden ValleyValley.. TheThe OfficeOffice ofof tht hee UtaUtahh StateState EngineeEngineerr provideprovidedd tht hee writerr witwith tthhee drdrillersiller s '' lologgss andand hydrologihydrologicc dadatat a .. The writewriterr alsoalso wishewi shess to thankthank thee residentsresidents ooff OgdeOgdenn ValleyValley for theit heirr cooperatiocooperationn dudurinringg tht hee fieldfield investigainvestigationstions .. TheThe writerwriter wouldwould likelike toto expressexpress hishis mostmost sinceresincere appreciationappreciation ttoo hishis wife,. SaffeSaffett., forfor herher lovelove andand devotiondevotion duringduring thethe coursecourse ofof hishis ggradrad uateuate work.. SheShe helpedhelped himhim duringduring thethe entireentire fiefielldd worworkk periodperiod andand alsoalso devodevotetedd her eveningsevenings forr ththee preparapreparatiotionn ofof thethe mapsmaps.. TheThe wwriteriterr woulwould likelike to taktakee thithiss opportunityopportunity toto expexpresresss hihiss ggratirati tudtudee t o AgencyAgency forfor InternaInternationationall DevelopmentDevelopment (A(A.I.D.. I . D .)) forfor financiafinanciall supportsupport dudurinringg thisthis projecprojectt anandd throughouthroughoutt aallll hihiss doctorall sstudiestudies . iivv CONTCONTENTENTSS PagPagee ACKNOWLEDGMENTACKNOWLEDGMENTSS .. .. ........ .. .... .. ....... ....... iiiiii ILLUSTRATIONILLUSTRATIONSS .... .... ... .. .. ......................... ixix TABLETABLESS .. ... .... ........ .. ....... ......... ..... ..... .. xxii ABSTRACABSTRACTT ............................................. xxiiiiii INTRODUCTIOINTRODUCTIONN .... ..... .. ........... .. .... .. .. ........ I1 LocationLocation andand Extentt ofof ththee Area . .. .. .. ..... .. • ... .... 1I PurposPurposee andand ScopScopee ofof ththee SStudtudyy 1I PreviouPreviouss InvestigationInvestigationss 4 PHYSIOGRAPHPHYSIOGRAPHYY ...... ..... ...................... .... .... 6 TopographTopographyy anandd DrainagDrainagee ..... .......... ..... ........ .. 6 LandformLandformss .......................... ... ....... ... .... 7 CLIMATC LIMATEE .... .. .. .................. .. .. .. ... ... .... .. .. 1010 GEOLOGGEOLOGYY ...... .. ............... .... ... ..... ....... .. .. 1414 RockRockss anandd TheiTheirr Water-BearinWater-Bearingg PropertiePropertiess ...... .......... 14 RockRockss ooff Pre-TertiarPre-Tertiaryy AgAgee ................ ........... 1515 RockRockss ooff TertiarTertiaryy AgAgee .. .. ............... .. ..... .... 17 RockRockss ooff QuaternarQuaternaryy AgAgee ... ... .. ... .. ... ........... 2020 Pre-LakPre - Lakee BonnevillBonnevillee DepositDepositss .................... 21 LakLakee BonnevillBonnevillee DepositDepositss ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ........ 2255 AlpinAl pi nee FormatioForm ationn .. ............... .......... .. 26 vv PagPagee BonnevillBonnevillee FormatioFormationn . 2277 RecenRecentt DepositDepositss ............. .... ..... ... ...... .. 2288 GEOLOGIGEOLOGICC STRUCTURESTRUCTURESS .... ... ....... ..... ... ....... .... 2299 SURFACE-V/ATESURFACE- WATERR RESOURCERESOURCESS ••.•• • •.••. ... ••••••• •• • . ••• . • 3311 SoutSouthh ForForkk OgdeOgdenn RiveRiverr neanearr HuntsvillHunts villee ... .... .... .. 3131 MiddlMiddlee ForForkk OgdeOgdenn RiveRiverr neanearr HuntsvillHuntsvillee ......... .... ... 3S35 NortNorthh ForFork OgdeOgdenn RiveRiverr neanearr EdeEden........n .... ... ... .. 3737 PinPineviewe view DaDamm anandd ReservoiReservoirr .......... .. .. ...... ....... 3838 HydrauliHydraulicc CharacteristicCharacteristicss .. .. .... ... ... ... .......... 3838 ChangeChangess iinn PineviePinevieww ReservoiReservoirr CapacitCapacityy 3939 GROUNDGROUND-WATE- WATERR RESOURCERESOURCESS .••.•.•.. • .•....•..•. • .. ••••• . 4242 OccurrenceOccurrence 4242 MovemenMovementt .................. .. ..... .. .... .. .. ..... .. 4343 Recharrge ge .... .. ... ...... ........................... 4545 SourcesSources ofof RechargeRecharge . .... .. ... .. ..................... 4545 SeepageSeepage fromfrom WaWaterwayterwayss andand IrrigatedIrrigated LandLand .......•.. 4646 InfiltrationInfiltration ofof PrecipitationPrecipitation .... ............... • .... 4949 SubsurfaceSubsurface InflowInflow . ........... .. .... ... .... 525 2 DischaDischargrgee ....... .. ........ .... ........ .. .... ... .. .... 5252 WeWellllss .... .... ... ... ... ............ ..... ...... ... 535 3 DischargeDischarge frfroom ArtesianArtesian WellsWells .... ... ...... .. .. ... 5757 vivi PagPagee DischargDischargee frofromm Non-FlowinNon- Flowingg WellWellss .. ... .•. ...... • .. 557 7 EvapotranspiratioEvapotrans pirationn .. .... .. ... .. ...... .. .. ..... .... .. 6611 MethoMethodd ooff StudStudyy 61 SpecifiSpecificc CharacteristicCharacteristicss anandd AssociationAssociationss . .. 6622 Water-LovinWater- Lovingg PlantPlantss iinn RelatioRe lationn ttoo WateWaterr SupplSupplyy 6666 ConsumptivConsumpti vee UsUsee ooff WateWaterr bbyy CropCropss iinn OgdenOgden ValleValleyy . .... .. .... ... ... .. .. 6767 SpringSpringss ..... ....... .....•.. ...... .... .. .. .. 7070 SubsurfacSubsurfacee OutfloOutfloww . ...... .... .. ... ... .. • 7272 GroundGround-Wate- Waterr BudgeBudgett ooff OgdenOgden ValleValleyy . .. .. .. .. 7272 Water-LeveWater- Levell FluctuationFluctuationss .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .. 7373 QualityQuality ofof WaterWater . .. .. .... .. .• ..•........•. •. • ... ... 8282 QualiQualitty inin ReRelatiolationn ttoo UseUse ...•.• . ... .. ... .. 8282 DomesDomestiticc UseUse .. ... ...... .. .. ... ... ........ 8686 AgAgriculturariculturall UseUse ........................ ......... 8888 IIroronn BacteriaBacteria ProblemProblem inin OgdenOgden ValleyValley .. .... .. ....... 9090 QualityQuality inin RelationRelation toto GeoGeologlogyy .. .. .. .. .. ...... 9494 LOADINGLOADING BYBY PINEVIEWPINEVIEW RESERVOIRRESERVOIR ... ..... .. ... ....... .. ..... 9696 CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS .. ..... ...... .... ....... ..... ....... ..... 105105 REFERENCESREFERENCES ............ .. .. .. ... ....... .. ..... ...... .. 110099 viivii PagePage APPENDIXAPPENDIX I WELLWELL-NUMBERIN- NUMBERINGG SYSTEMSYSTEM USEDUSED ININ UTAHUTAH ....... 113113 APPENDIXAPPENDIX IIII GLOSSARYGLOSSARY OFOF SELECTEDSELECTED TERMSTERMS . • . ••••••••.••• . 116116 APPENDIXAPPENDIX IIIIII LOGSLOGS OFOF NENEWW OGDENOGDEN CITYCITY WELLWELLSS .. •• • • ••••••• 120120 APPENDIAPPENDIXX IVIV RECORDRECORDSS OFOF WELLSWELLS LOCATEDLOCATED ININ OGDENOGDEN VALLEYVALLEY . 112299 VITAVITA . .. ..•. .. .. ...• .. .... ...... •................