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Home , Degenerate art, Franz Marc

The War for the Modern Imagination in Modern and Nazi Art Academic

•Visually identifiable •Proportional linear and atmospheric perspective •Historical / mythical narrative

Poussin, Death of Germanicus, 1628 NEOCLASSICISM – ACADEMIC ART

Naturalism = the style taught in the Academies

Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Socrates, 1787 A revolution in seeing things

1837

The invention of photography prompted artists to rethink their purposes for creating art.

Showing the artist’s impression of a moment; Capturing light; Using clearly visible brush strokes (dabs of color)

C. Monet, Impression: Sunrise [Le Havre], 1872 Other Impressionist Art Works by Monet

Monet In His Studio Boat Rouen Cathedral, West Facade,

Sunrise 1864: Salon des Refuses

Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863 E. Manet, The Bar at the Folies Bergere, 1881-82 Other Impressionists

A. Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette [Luncheon of the Boating Party] Other Impressionists

Mary Cassatt, Young Mother Sewing = expressing strong feeling(s) and emotions

• Meaning becomes more important than realistic appearance • Strong colors, bold lines • Some works appear to have been done hurriedly Van Gogh, My Bedroom Post-Impressionist Art

Strong colors; Twisted, even tortured lines; Flatness; Simplified and distorted perspective; Impasto – thick layers of paints

A step towards expressionism Van Gogh, The Church at Auvers, 1890 Expressionist Art

Edvard. Munch, The Scream, 1893 Expressionist Art

Kathe Kollwitz, ’s Children Are Starving More Art by Kollwitz

Death Seizes a Woman Kollwitz and the German Wars

Tower of Mothers Never again War Expressionist Art by

The Match Seller Expressionist Art by Otto Dix

Triptych Other Expressionist Art Works

Peckstein, Meadow’s Edge Near Moritzburg

Schmidt-Rottluff, Roof-Thatcher Expressionist Art by

Blue Horses

Blue-Black Fox = showing movement

• Futurists admired: – Machines and technology – Violence – Change – • Fractured image to show movement

Balla, The Street Lamp Futurist Art

Severini, Red Cross Train Passing a Village, 1915

Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912 (ism) = style showing the illogical, absurd modern life

Began as a reaction to the atrocities of war during WWI;

In Germany the style became political;

Collages, drawings, and

George Grosz, Fit for Active Service, 1916 Art by Grosz

Self-Portrait, 1916 Republican Automatons = showing the unconscious mind

Depicting imaginary objects

or

Incongruous juxtaposition of images (as in dreams) Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory Other Surrealist Art

Rene Magritte, False Mirror, 1928 Other Surrealist Art

Frida Kahlo, Broken Column Other Surrealist Art

Marc Chagall, I and My Village, 1911 = showing subject from multiple points of view simultaneously • Breaks subject into small “geometric” shapes (cubes) • Reflects influence of “primitive” art

Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Works by Picasso

The , 1921 Young Girl in Mirror, 1932

Abstract Art

Capturing the essence of something; Search for nonobjectivity

Abstract art is not an obliteration of all previous art but an unusual and extremely important division of the the old trunk into two main branches, without which the formation of the crown of the green tree would be inconceivable Abstract Art

Nonrepresentational or extremely simplified representation of object, feeling, or quality

Brancusi, Bird in Space Other Abstract Art Works by Brancusi

The Kiss Other Abstract Art Works

Kandinsky, Sketch I for Composition VII Brancusi, Mademoiselle Pogany Abstract Art Work by Klee and Miro

Twittering Machine Woman Seated The (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition 1937-1941 The Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition 1937-1941 “Opening” Art Work at the Degenerate Art

Exhibition

Ludwig Gies, Crucifix Originally hung in Lübeck Cathedral as a war memorial Works Displayed at the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition

Kirchner, Self-Portrait as Soldier, displayed as Kirchner, Five Women on the Street Soldier and Prostitute Also by E. L. Kirchner

Winter Scene, 1919 Franz Marc

Cats Boar and Sow Nolde’s Religious Art 1911-12 The Magi

The Last Supper The Nativity Nolde’s Religious Art 1911-12

Crucifixion & Alma Mahler Art by Oskar Kokoschka

Bride of the Wind Art by Oskar Kokoschka

The Dolomites, 1913

Old Man, 1907 Dix’s Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition

Destroyed

Similar to The Street Card Players Dix’s Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition From Der Krieg (War) Portfolio

Skull, 1924 Skin Graft, 1924 Expressionist Art by

Self-Portrait

Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, 1917 Grosz’s Works in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition

“Shut up and Do Your Duty,” 1927 Metropolis, 1916-17 Cubist Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition

L. Feininger, The Tower Gelmeroda III, 1917 above , Halle, 1931 “Abstract” Art by Klee

Around the Fish Vocal Fabric of the singer Rosa Silber Chagall’s Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition

Winter Scene 1911-12 The Pinch of Snuff 1912 Kandinsky’s Abstract Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition

Composition “Silence,” 1928

Descent, 1925 Abstract Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition

Rudolf Belling, Triad, 1924 Nazi Views on Art

For: Against: Naturalism, not realism! Art showing problems Idealized warriors; in their society; Patriotism; Motherhood and family; Cubism, Futurism, Farm life; Expressionism, Super-muscular men; Surrealism,and Dada; Fit female body; Distortion in art; Nudity; Individualism; “Respectability” Emotionalism Art the Nazis Liked

Rudolf Herman Eisenmenger

Homecoming from the Eastern Front NSDAP Parade 1933 Ernst Vollbehr The Great Exhibition (Art the Nazis Liked)

Fritz Erier, Venus

Fritz Erier, The Boxer , Readiness of Doryphorus Nazi 450 B.C. Bust of The Sentinel The Great German Art Exhibition (Art the Nazis Liked)

Nazi Laocoon Ancient Greek Laocoon (The Avenger)

Art the Nazis Liked

Judgement of Diana’s Rest by Ivo Saliger In the Fuhrer building,

The Four Elements by Art in the Great German Art Exhibition

K.A. Flugel, Harvest J.P. Junghanns, Plowing Art in the Great German Art Exhibition

Adolf Wissel

Peasant Woman Farm Family from Kahlenberg