The War for the Modern Imagination in Modern and Nazi Art Academic painting •Visually identifiable •Proportional linear and atmospheric perspective •Historical / mythical narrative Poussin, Death of Germanicus, 1628 NEOCLASSICISM – ACADEMIC ART Naturalism = the style taught in the Academies Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Socrates, 1787 A revolution in seeing things 1837 The invention of photography prompted artists to rethink their purposes for creating art. Impressionism Showing the artist’s impression of a moment; Capturing light; Using clearly visible brush strokes (dabs of color) C. Monet, Impression: Sunrise [Le Havre], 1872 Other Impressionist Art Works by Monet Monet In His Studio Boat Rouen Cathedral, West Facade, Sunrise 1864: Salon des Refuses Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863 E. Manet, The Bar at the Folies Bergere, 1881-82 Other Impressionists A. Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette [Luncheon of the Boating Party] Other Impressionists Mary Cassatt, Young Mother Sewing Expressionism = expressing strong feeling(s) and emotions • Meaning becomes more important than realistic appearance • Strong colors, bold lines • Some works appear to have been done hurriedly Van Gogh, My Bedroom Post-Impressionist Art Strong colors; Twisted, even tortured lines; Flatness; Simplified and distorted perspective; Impasto – thick layers of paints A step towards expressionism Van Gogh, The Church at Auvers, 1890 Expressionist Art Edvard. Munch, The Scream, 1893 Expressionist Art Kathe Kollwitz, Germany’s Children Are Starving More Art by Kollwitz Death Seizes a Woman Kollwitz and the German Wars Tower of Mothers Never again War Expressionist Art by Otto Dix The Match Seller Expressionist Art by Otto Dix Triptych Other Expressionist Art Works Peckstein, Meadow’s Edge Near Moritzburg Schmidt-Rottluff, Roof-Thatcher Expressionist Art by Franz Marc Blue Horses Blue-Black Fox Futurism = showing movement • Futurists admired: – Machines and technology – Violence – Change – Modernity • Fractured image to show movement Balla, The Street Lamp Futurist Art Severini, Red Cross Train Passing a Village, 1915 Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912 Dada(ism) = style showing the illogical, absurd modern life Began as a reaction to the atrocities of war during WWI; In Germany the style became political; Collages, drawings, and paintings George Grosz, Fit for Active Service, 1916 Art by Grosz Self-Portrait, 1916 Republican Automatons Surrealism = showing the unconscious mind Depicting imaginary objects or Incongruous juxtaposition of images (as in dreams) Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory Other Surrealist Art Rene Magritte, False Mirror, 1928 Other Surrealist Art Frida Kahlo, Broken Column Other Surrealist Art Marc Chagall, I and My Village, 1911 Cubism = showing subject from multiple points of view simultaneously • Breaks subject into small “geometric” shapes (cubes) • Reflects influence of “primitive” art Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Works by Picasso The Three Musicians, 1921 Young Girl in Mirror, 1932 Abstract Art Capturing the essence of something; Search for nonobjectivity Abstract art is not an obliteration of all previous art but an unusual and extremely important division of the the old trunk into two main branches, without which the formation of the crown of the green tree would be inconceivable Abstract Art Nonrepresentational or extremely simplified representation of object, feeling, or quality Brancusi, Bird in Space Other Abstract Art Works by Brancusi The Kiss Other Abstract Art Works Kandinsky, Sketch I for Composition VII Brancusi, Mademoiselle Pogany Abstract Art Work by Klee and Miro Twittering Machine Woman Seated The Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition 1937-1941 The Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition 1937-1941 “Opening” Art Work at the Degenerate Art Exhibition Ludwig Gies, Crucifix Originally hung in Lübeck Cathedral as a war memorial Works Displayed at the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition Kirchner, Self-Portrait as Soldier, displayed as Kirchner, Five Women on the Street Soldier and Prostitute Also by E. L. Kirchner Winter Scene, 1919 Franz Marc Cats Boar and Sow Nolde’s Religious Art 1911-12 The Magi The Last Supper The Nativity Nolde’s Religious Art 1911-12 Crucifixion Oskar Kokoschka & Alma Mahler Art by Oskar Kokoschka Bride of the Wind Art by Oskar Kokoschka The Dolomites, 1913 Old Man, 1907 Dix’s Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition Destroyed Similar to The Street Card Players Dix’s Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition From Der Krieg (War) Portfolio Skull, 1924 Skin Graft, 1924 Expressionist Art by Max Beckmann Self-Portrait Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, 1917 Grosz’s Works in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition “Shut up and Do Your Duty,” 1927 Metropolis, 1916-17 Cubist Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition L. Feininger, The Tower Gelmeroda III, 1917 above the City, Halle, 1931 “Abstract” Art by Klee Around the Fish Vocal Fabric of the singer Rosa Silber Chagall’s Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition Winter Scene 1911-12 The Pinch of Snuff 1912 Kandinsky’s Abstract Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition Composition “Silence,” 1928 Descent, 1925 Abstract Art in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) Exhibition Rudolf Belling, Triad, 1924 Nazi Views on Art For: Against: Naturalism, not realism! Art showing problems Idealized warriors; in their society; Patriotism; Motherhood and family; Cubism, Futurism, Farm life; Expressionism, Super-muscular men; Surrealism,and Dada; Fit female body; Distortion in art; Nudity; Individualism; “Respectability” Emotionalism Art the Nazis Liked Rudolf Herman Eisenmenger Homecoming from the Eastern Front NSDAP Parade 1933 Ernst Vollbehr The Great German Art Exhibition (Art the Nazis Liked) Fritz Erier, Venus Fritz Erier, The Boxer Arno Breker, Readiness Head of Doryphorus Nazi Sculpture 450 B.C. Bust of The Sentinel The Great German Art Exhibition (Art the Nazis Liked) Nazi Laocoon Ancient Greek Laocoon (The Avenger) Art the Nazis Liked Judgement of Paris Diana’s Rest by Ivo Saliger In the Fuhrer building, Munich The Four Elements by Adolf Ziegler Art in the Great German Art Exhibition K.A. Flugel, Harvest J.P. Junghanns, Plowing Art in the Great German Art Exhibition Adolf Wissel Peasant Woman Farm Family from Kahlenberg .