Geography 12 JANUARY 2004 © 2004 Ministry of Education Course Code = GEO

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Student Instructions 1. Place the stickers with your Personal 4. When instructed to open this booklet, check Education Number (PEN) in the allotted the numbering of the pages to ensure that spaces above. Under no circumstance is they are numbered in sequence from page your name or identification, other than one to the last page, which is identified by your Personal Education Number, to appear on this booklet. *END OF EXAMINATION* . 2. Ensure that in addition to this examination booklet, you have a Data Booklet and an 5. At the end of the examination, place your Examination Response Form. Follow the Response Form inside the front cover of this directions on the front of the Response booklet and return the booklet and your Form. Response Form to the supervisor. 3. Disqualification from the examination will result if you bring books, paper, notes or unauthorized electronic devices into the examination room. Question 1: Question 6:

1. . 6. . (6) (4)

Question 2: Question 7:

2. . 7. . (4) (4)

Question 3: Question 8:

3. . 8. . (6) (3)

Question 4: Question 9:

4. . 9. . (4) (4)

Question 5: Question 10:

5. . 10. . (5) (10) Geography 12 JANUARY 2004

Course Code = GEO GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Electronic devices, including dictionaries and pagers, are not permitted in the examination room.

2. All multiple-choice answers must be entered on the Response Form using an HB pencil. Multiple-choice answers entered in this examination booklet will not be marked.

3. For each of the written-response questions, write your answer in ink in the space provided in this booklet.

4. Ensure that you use language and content appropriate to the purpose and audience of this examination. Failure to comply may result in your paper being awarded a zero.

5. This examination is designed to be completed in two hours. Students may, however, take up to 30 minutes of additional time to finish. GEOGRAPHY 12 PROVINCIAL EXAMINATION

Suggested Value Time 1. This examination consists of two parts:

PART A: 40 multiple-choice questions 40 40

PART B: 10 written-response questions 50 80

Total: 90 marks 120 minutes

2. The Data Booklet contains photographs, a topographic map and other information you will need to answer certain questions on this examination.

3. A ruler or string may be used during this examination.

4. The use of a calculator is not permitted in this examination. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Value: 40 marks Suggested Time: 40 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS: For each question, select the best answer and record your choice on the Response Form provided. Using an HB pencil, completely fill in the circle that has the letter corresponding to your answer.

1. Identify the world’s largest reserves of freshwater.

A. lakes B. rivers C. glaciers D. aquifers

Use the following diagram to answer question 2.

power station

cool water is hot water pumped down returns 2 km

heated rock

2. What type of power generation is illustrated in the diagram?

A. geothermal B. hydro-electric C. nuclear fusion D. thermal energy

3. What is the main cause of desertification?

A. salinization of soil B. poor irrigation practices C. overgrazing by livestock D. growing of monoculture crops

OVER - 1 - 4. Tsunamis are associated with which two spheres?

A. atmosphere and biosphere B. lithosphere and hydrosphere C. lithosphere and asthenosphere D. hydrosphere and thermosphere

Use the following table to answer question 5.

Skills ¥ surveying ¥ map plotting ¥ contouring techniques ¥ geographic information systems (GIS)

5. Which career is based upon an expert knowledge of the skills above?

A. ranchers B. cartographers C. meteorologists D. horticulturalists

6. Which of the following is the major cause of Antarctica’s shrinking ice sheet?

A. sulphur dioxide destroying stratospheric ozone B. an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere C. a rise in methane levels from the burning of rainforests D. chlorofluorocarbons released during thermal power production

7. In which layer of the atmosphere are clouds primarily found?

A. troposphere B. mesosphere C. stratosphere D. thermosphere

8. What term describes the temperature at which water vapour in the air condenses?

A. dew point B. translocation C. relative humidity D. evapotranspiration

- 2 - Use the following weather data to answer questions 9 to 11.

Weather Station Weather Map

W X 1000

8 014 7 022 996 992 3 +08 2 +06 P S Y Z 10 960 8 924 Q R

8 Ð10 7 Ð12

9. Identify the wind direction at weather station Y.

A. southeast B. northeast C. southwest D. northwest

10. Which weather station best represents location P on the weather map above?

A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

Use the following cross-section along with the weather map above to answer question 11.

air cool air warm land

11. Which location on the weather map best represents the cross-section above?

A. P B. Q C. R D. S

OVER - 3 - Use the following map to answer questions 12 and 13.

North America

49∞N X 49∞N

30∞N Y 30∞N

12. Identify the prevailing winds at location X on the map.

A. Chinook B. Westerlies C. Polar Easterlies D. Northeast Trade

13. Which of the following moderates the temperatures at location Y on the map above?

A. katabatic winds B. urban heat island C. warm ocean current D. continental air mass

Use the following description to answer question 14.

Weather Phenomena ¥ generates energy from warm ocean ¥ influences large geographic region ¥ rotation: counterclockwise around an eye ¥ duration: lasts several days

14. Which of the following phenomena is described above?

A. tornado B. hurricane C. equatorial monsoon D. mid-latitude cyclone

- 4 - REFER TO Use the Climate Graphs, World Map and Photograph 1 DATA BOOKLET to answer questions 15 to 19.

15. What climate control is responsible for the temperature range on climate graph Y?

A. continentality B. cold ocean current C. aspect of the slope D. elevation above sea level

16. What climate region is represented by climate graph W?

A. desert B. mediterranean C. tropical wet-dry D. humid sub-tropical

17. Which climate graph best represents the conditions at map location Q?

A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

18. Which map location best represents the biome identified in Photograph 1?

A. P B. Q C. R D. S

19. Identify the biome and human activity associated with climate graph X.

A. desert and recreation development B. schlerophyll forests and fruit growing C. prairie grassland and grain cultivation D. coniferous forest and softwood logging

OVER - 5 - Use the following description to answer question 20.

Tundra vegetation such as mosses and lichen are found at high latitudes and high elevations.

20. Which geographic theme is associated with the description above?

A. region B. movement C. absolute location D. human/physical interaction

21. Which rock classification is associated with folded strata and fossil fuels?

A. igneous B. magmatic C. sedimentary D. metamorphic

- 6 - Use the following map to answer question 22.

Number of Deaths Resulting from Major Earthquakes

200 000 ¥ 83 000 100 000 ¥ ¥ ¥ 143 000 4¥200 ¥ 22 700

¥ 66 000

Plate boundary ¥ Number of deaths

22. According to the data above the largest number of deaths is associated with which plate activity?

A. rifting B. divergence C. convergence D. translocation

23. The convection currents that move crustal plates are found within which sphere?

A. troposphere B. centrosphere C. thermosphere D. asthenosphere

OVER - 7 - Use the following diagram to answer questions 24 and 25.

24. Which process is responsible for the formation of X in the diagram above?

A. tension B. shearing C. compression D. fluvial erosion

25. Which of the following features is shown at X?

A. horst B. graben C. fault scarp D. block mountain

- 8 - Use the following diagram to answer question 26.

\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Y \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \

26. Identify features X and Y illustrated in the diagram above.

A. aquifer and dike B. horst and rift valley C. moraine and drumlin D. anticline and syncline

REFER TO Use Photograph 2 to answer question 27. DATA BOOKLET

27. Reinforcement of the retaining wall shown at Y in Photograph 2 will reduce the effects of which of the following?

A. soil creep B. quarrying C. hydrolysis D. exfoliation

OVER - 9 - REFER TO Use Photograph 3 to answer question 28 and 29. DATA BOOKLET

28. What is the horizontal band of igneous rock shown at Z in the photograph?

A. sill B. dike C. esker D. aquifer

29. What weathering process is dominant in Photograph 3?

A. deflation B. carbonation C. frost shattering D. hydraulic action

30. Identify feature X in the diagram.

A. cirque B. moraine C. truncated spur D. hanging valley

31. Which processes shaped the landscape in the diagram above?

A. plucking and abrasion B. quarrying and saltation C. frost shattering and deflation D. mass wasting and deposition

OVER - 11 - Use the following map to answer questions 32 and 33.

WX Y Z

520 560 480 600

400 360 120 320 280 240 80 440 40 200 160

river

600

560 640

32. Which of the following features are associated with region W?

A. rapids and oxbow lakes B. v-shaped valley and levee C. potholes and distributaries D. waterfalls and plunge pools

33. Fertile alluvial soils of agricultural value dominate in which region?

A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

34. Which of the following is least threatening to the groundwater in the southwestern U.S.A.?

A. overpumping of aquifers B. increased demand for irrigation C. retreat of ice fields in the Rockies D. contamination from agricultural chemicals

35. Which of the following processes are responsible for the shaping of coastal caves and arches?

A. saltation and attrition B. deflation and plucking C. hydraulic action and corrasion D. thermal expansion and exfoliation

- 12 - REFER TO Use Photograph 4 and the Topographic Map DATA BOOKLET to answer questions 36 to 40.

36. What is the direction from Harmony Junction (5739) to Fortune Harbour (4931)?

A. northeast B. northwest C. southeast D. southwest

37. What is the approximate road distance between the intersection at 508340 and the bridge at 554337?

A. 2.25 km B. 4.5 km C. 9.0 km D. 18 km

38. Which of the following grid squares has the steepest slopes?

A. 5136 B. 5333 C. 5438 D. 5937

39. What is the physical feature found at 14D on the air photograph?

A. spit B. stack C. tombolo D. headland

40. What is the purpose of the cultural feature at grid reference 575327?

A. as docks for fishing vessels B. a recreation area for the people of the region C. to protect the harbour from the action of waves D. to provide a ramp for the vehicles to board the ferry OVER - 13 - PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE

Value: 50 marks Suggested Time: 80 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need all of the space provided. Answers should be written in ink. Comprehensive answers are required for full marks.

REFER TO Use Photograph 4 and the Topographic Map to answer question 1. DATA BOOKLET

1. a) Using the air photograph and the topographic map, describe three ways that the physical environment benefits humans. (3 marks)

ii)

iii)

b) Outline three different threats that human activities have on the Souris region. (3 marks)

ii)

iii)

- 14 - Use the following map to answer question 2.

South America

0 X ∞

biome

2. a) Identify the natural vegetation associated with biome X on the map of South America. (1 mark)

b) Explain two ways the natural vegetation has adapted to the climate conditions of this biome. (2 marks)

ii)

c) State one environmental impact that deforestation has had on this biome. (1 mark)

OVER - 15 - Organization and Planning

- 16 - REFER TO Use the Muskwa-Kechika information to answer question 3. DATA BOOKLET

3. Defend one of the following positions. Indicate your selection with a ✓. (6 marks)

Develop the Muskwa-Kechika for its natural resources.

Expand the Muskwa-Kechika region as a protected area.

OVER - 17 - Select one of the following diagrams to answer question 4. Indicate your selection with a ✓.

Diagram X Diagram Y

/ / / /

/ /

/ / /

S S

I have selected I have selected Diagram X Diagram Y

4. a) Name the type of rainfall illustrated by the diagram you have selected. (1 mark)

b) Explain the processes occurring at locations R and S on the diagram you have selected. (2 marks)

Location R:

Location S:

c) Describe how human activities are influenced by the type of rainfall you have selected. (1 mark)

- 18 - REFER TO Use Photograph 5 to answer question 5. DATA BOOKLET

5. a) Explain the processes that have created this volcanic cone. (2 marks)

b) Outline one physical and one economic threat of volcanic activity. (2 marks)

Physical Threat:

Economic Threat:

c) Suggest one way that people could prepare for a volcanic eruption. (1 mark)

OVER - 19 - Select one of the following atmospheric threats to answer question 6. Indicate your selection with a ✓.

Acid precipitation Ozone depletion

6. a) State a major cause of the atmospheric threat that you have selected. (1 mark)

b) Explain how the atmospheric threat you selected impacts the environment. (1 mark)

c) Suggest two different solutions to the atmospheric threat you selected. (2 marks)

ii)

- 20 - REFER TO Use Photograph 6 to answer question 7. DATA BOOKLET

7. Analyze the geographic theme of place (physical/natural and human characteristics) in landscapes like the one in Photograph 6. (4 marks)

OVER - 21 - Use the following headline to answer question 8.

World Examiner “Millions of tons of rich soils lost needlessly each year in Canada,” reports Agriculture Canada. Understanding Our Environment Understanding From by Dunlop and Jackson. Press. ©1991. Oxford University

8. Outline three soil conservation techniques that could be used to reduce the causes of soil erosion in Canada. (3 marks)

ii)

iii)

9. a) What is the meaning of the cartoon? (1 mark)

b) Outline three specific reasons for the evolution of the waste can illustrated in the cartoon. (3 marks)

ii)

iii)

OVER - 23 - Organization and Planning

- 24 - REFER TO Use the Case Study of Lake Baikal to answer question 10. DATA BOOKLET

10. Using your understanding of geography and the data provided:

¥ Describe the physical and natural characteristics of the Lake Baikal region. ¥ Assess the environmental impacts that would be associated with further resource exploration and development in this region. ¥ Propose management strategies that may strike a balance between the use of the Baikal’s resources and the protection of its ecosystem.

Answer in multi-paragraph form. (10 marks)

OVER - 25 - FINISHED WORK

- 26 - FINISHED WORK

END OF EXAMINATION

- 27 - THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK GEOGRAPHY 12

JANUARY 2004 DATA BOOKLET

W X

Average annual precipitation: 370 mm Average annual precipitation: 1044 mm Mean temperature: 18.0 ∞C Mean temperature: 10.1 ∞C ∞C mm ∞C mm 40 400 40 400

30 350 30 350

20 300 20 300

10 250 10 250 6.0 ∞C 6.0 ∞C 0 200 0 200

Ð10 150 Ð10 150

Ð20 100 Ð20 100

Ð30 50 Ð30 50

Ð40 0 Ð40 0 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND

Y Z

Average annual precipitation: 516 mm Average annual precipitation: 1128 mm Mean temperature: 2.5 ∞C Mean temperature: 13.0 ∞C ∞C mm ∞C mm 40 400 40 400

30 350 30 350

20 300 20 300

10 250 10 250 6.0 ∞C 6.0 ∞C 0 200 0 200

Ð10 150 Ð10 150

Ð20 100 Ð20 100

Ð30 50 Ð30 50

Ð40 0 Ð40 0 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND WORLD MAP

P ¥ ¥ Q

R ¥ S 0∞ ¥

PHOTOGRAPH 1 PHOTOGRAPH 2

Y PHOTOGRAPH 3

Z PHOTOGRAPH 4

1234567891011121314151617 Souris 39 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SCALE 1:50,000 ÉCHELLE CONTOUR INTERVAL 25 FEET Elevations in Feet Above Mean Sea Level 38 Metres Metres 1000 0 1000

46∞15'N

62∞30'W 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 MUSKWA-KECHIKA

Peace River Region

Muskwa-Kechika

Proposed addition to Muskwa-Kechika Protected Area

0 50 km

Protected Area Mackenzie Management Plan Addition to the Muskwa-Kechika

The Muskwa-Kechika region of the Northern Rockies boasts the largest and most diversified big game and wildlife populations in North America. Because of its abundance of wildlife and wild lands, this place is being referred to as the Serengeti of the North. The Muskwa-Kechika is also a region that is well known for its rich reserves of forests, mineral resources, natural gas and oil deposits. At the moment there is serious debate waging over the competition for land-use in this region.

PHOTOGRAPH 5 PHOTOGRAPH 6 IRKUTSK LAKE BAIKAL OBLAST Legend BURYAT The Pearl of Siberia SIBERIA REPUBLIC National Parks and Nature Reserves Siberia’s Share of Russia’s Natural Resources 100% 90% Timber Baikal-Lena Barguzin Reserves Nature International Borders Nature Reserve Reserve 80% Fuel and 70% Power Resources 60% Gas Reserves L 50% e . n R Coal Reserves a 40% R n Rivers . i 54 N z 30% ∞ u Petroleum Reserves g r 20% a Potential B 10% Hydro-electric Power l a Airborne Pollutants 0% ik Deposited on Surface a Transbaikal A B n National g e Park C Irkutsk mm a k ∞ r a 40 400 a L Average annual Irkutsk ¥ R 30 350 . n g precipitation: S e l e a Cereal Crop 20 300 R . 376 mm 10 250 6.0 ∞C 0 200 RUSSIA Baikalsk¥ Mean Ð10 150 Cultivation temperature: Ð20 100 Baikal Nature Ð2.1 ∞C Ð30 50 Reserve 0 100 km Ð40 0 JFMAMJJASOND MONGOLIA Industrial Factories Lake Baikal Fact File

Lake Baikal Region: ¥ The world’s oldest and largest lake with 20% of the world’s fresh water supply (all the water in North America’s Great ¥ The development of Siberia has always Lakes combined) is surrounded by rugged mountains. been associated with exploitation of its ¥Maximum depth of Lake Baikal is 1700 m. natural resources: first fish and furs, ¥ 335 rivers feed into Lake Baikal and one drains out of it, the Angara River. then rich taiga forest lands and precious Species: metals, now mostly power resources. ¥ 70% of species found in the region are found nowhere else in the world. Some of these species include: freshwater seal (nerpa), fish (omul), crayfish (epishura). ¥Due to the economic crisis caused by the collapse of the former Soviet Union, Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Plant the Lake Baikal region is being rapidly exploited for its economic potential.

¥ There are a number of protected areas in the Baikal basin. The Russian State Committee of Environmental Protection manages many of these areas as well as administering and coordinating the efforts of the federal and regional governments.

Industrialization brought population growth and factories into the area, but for many years were neither monitored nor controlled. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Photograph 4 is based on information taken from the collection of the National Air Photo Library Ð Photograph A24328-88 (Souris, Prince Edward Island), ©1976 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, reproduced with permission of Natural Resources Canada. The topographic map is based on information taken from the National Topographic System map sheet number: 11L/8 Edition 4 (Souris, Prince Edward Island), ©1991 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, reproduced with permission of Natural Resources Canada. Muskwa-Kechika is based on information from “Protecting God’s Country,” by Larry Pynn, The Vancouver Sun, Wednesday, November 15, 2000, p. A3. Photographer Wayne Sawchuk/Special to the Vancouver Sun. Photograph 5, David Wieprecht (USGS) Photograph 6, by Bob Herger, Canada’s Rocky Mountains Ð 2002 Scenic Calendar, High Country Colour. Case Study Factory Photograph, www.earthisland.org/project/reportPage2.cfm?reportContentID=12&subSiteID=1&pageID=71