Year 8 History: Topic 1 Key Vocabulary Heir – next in line to throne Elizabeth I: a golden age? Succession – who comes next Key Individuals Annulment – to declare a marriage invalid Reformation – movement breaking away Elizabeth I: key facts Henry VIII – King from 1509-1547. from the Roman Catholic Church Catholic – Christian Church led by Pope Married six times and changed England Born 1533 through his ‘Break from Rome’ Protestant – groups leaving the Catholic Queen from 1558-1603 Church during the Reformation Fifth and final Tudor monarch Anne Boleyn – second wife of Henry Heretic – someone denying the beliefs of the Elizabeth did not marry or Church VIII, executed in 1536. Henry ‘Broke have children from Rome’ in part to allow the Martyr – a person who suffers or dies for She was Protestant, and made their beliefs annulment of his first marriage (to the country Protestant. Catherine of Aragon). Armada – invasion fleet of ships However, she allowed Parliament – law making body Catholics to practice their Edward VI – Henry VIII’s son, died at 15. Dictator – a cruel leader who is all-powerful religion without fear of being Treason – to plot against King/Queen or King from 1547-1553. The Spanish Armada punished country She used symbols in portraits Monarch – King or Queen Mary I (‘Bloody Mary’) – Queen from to show her power Catholic Spain sent 130 warships 1553-1558. tried to return England to to attack England in 1558 – a Roman Catholic Church. Persecuted much stronger force than the A Golden Age? protestants English Navy Amazing time for culture. Shakespeare and Elizabeth – Queen from 1558 to 1603. Armada led by the Duke of Marlow produced their work during her reign The last Tudor monarch, she brought Medina Sedonia. English led by stability, a religious settlement and Sir Francis Drake English explorers discovered many new lands defeated the Spanish Armada and bought back lots of new discoveries Spanish Armada held up by bad Mary, Queen of Scots – Catholic Queen weather; English ships were There was relative religious peace in England of Scotland, held prisoner for 19 years smaller but faster than the (compared to the other Tudor monarchs) before her execution by her cousin Spanish; English fire ships sailed Elizabeth into Spanish warships England became richest and most powerful Western country Philip II – Catholic ruler of Spain and its English Navy won a famous Empire. Launched the Armada in 1588. victory The poor were treated very badly.