DOCSLIB.ORG

Cyanogen Bromide Hazard Summary Identification

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Common Name: CYANOGEN BROMIDE CAS Number: 506-68-3 RTK Substance number: 2302 DOT Number: UN 1889 Date: April 2004 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Cyanogen Bromide can affect you when breathed in and * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely by passing through your skin. evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area * Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results * Breathing Cyanogen Bromide can irritate the nose and from your employer. You have a legal right to this throat. information under OSHA 1910.1020. * Breathing Cyanogen Bromide may irritate the lungs * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * High exposure to Cyanogen Bromide can cause fatal OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit Cyanide poisoning with flushing of the face, chest (PEL) is 5 mg/m3 (as Cyanides) averaged over tightness, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, an 8-hour workshift. confusion, dizziness, and trouble sleeping. High levels may cause convulsions and death. * The above exposure limit is for air levels only. When skin contact also occurs, you may be overexposed, even though IDENTIFICATION air levels are less than the limit listed above. Cyanogen Bromide is a white crystalline (sand-like) solid with a strong odor. It is used to make other chemicals, in WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE fumigating and rat exterminating, and as a reagent in gold * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust extraction processes. ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be REASON FOR CITATION worn. * Cyanogen Bromide is on the Hazardous Substance List * Wear protective work clothing. because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by DOT, DEP, * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Cyanogen IRIS, NFPA and EPA. Bromide and at the end of the workshift. * Definitions are provided on page 5. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING effort, communicate all information on the health and EXPOSED safety hazards of Cyanogen Bromide to potentially The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires most employers exposed workers. to label chemicals in the workplace and requires public employers to provide their employees with information and training concerning chemical hazards and controls. The federal OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 1910.1200, requires private employers to provide similar training and information to their employees. CYANOGEN BROMIDE page 2 of 6 This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and potential and most severe health hazards that may result from present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance damage already done are not a substitute for controlling and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the exposure. potential effects described below. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.1020. HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Mixed Exposures Acute Health Effects * Because smoking can cause heart disease, as well as lung The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory problems, it may immediately or shortly after exposure to Cyanogen Bromide: worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will * Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. reduce your risk of developing health problems. * Breathing Cyanogen Bromide can irritate the nose and throat. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES * Breathing Cyanogen Bromide may irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to shortness of breath. enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at * High exposure to Cyanogen Bromide can cause fatal the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also Cyanide poisoning with flushing of the face, chest reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is tightness, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is confusion, dizziness, and trouble sleeping. High levels may sometimes necessary. cause convulsions and death. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: Chronic Health Effects (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether some time after exposure to Cyanogen Bromide and can last harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls for months or years: should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. Cancer Hazard * According to the information presently available to the New In addition, the following control is recommended: Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Cyanogen Bromide has not been tested for its ability to * Where possible, automatically transfer Cyanogen Bromide cause cancer in animals. from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Reproductive Hazard * According to the information presently available to the New Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, exposures. The following work practices are recommended: Cyanogen Bromide has not been tested for its ability to affect reproduction. * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Cyanogen Bromide should change into clean clothing Other Long-Term Effects promptly. * Cyanogen Bromide can irritate the lungs. Repeated * Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with cough, members could be exposed. phlegm, and/or shortness of breath. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of MEDICAL exposure to Cyanogen Bromide. * Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work area for emergency use. Medical Testing * If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the shower facilities should be provided. following are recommended: * On skin contact with Cyanogen Bromide, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the * Chest x-ray and lung function tests. workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted Cyanogen Bromide, whether or not known skin contact has occurred. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Cyanogen Bromide is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be CYANOGEN BROMIDE page 3 of 6 swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating, drinking, HANDLING AND STORAGE smoking, or using the toilet. * Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean- * Prior to working with Cyanogen Bromide you should be up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP. trained on its proper handling and storage. * Cyanogen Bromide may react with WATER or STRONG PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC) to release toxic, corrosive, flammable or WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN explosive gases. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for * Cyanogen Bromide is not compatible with OXIDIZING some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, controls are being installed), personal protective equipment CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) and METALS. may be appropriate. * Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from HEAT, AIR, LIGHT and MOISTURE. OSHA 1910.132 requires employers to determine the appropriate personal protective equipment for each hazard and to train employees on how and when to use protective QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS equipment. Q: If I have acute health effects, will I later get chronic The following recommendations are only guidelines and may health effects? not apply to every situation. A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term) effects result from repeated exposures to a chemical. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with Cyanogen Bromide. Wear Q: Can I get long-term effects without ever having short- protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment term effects? suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on A: Yes, because long-term effects can occur from repeated the most protective glove/clothing material for your exposures to a chemical at levels not high enough to make operation. you immediately sick. * All protective clothing (suits, gloves,
Recommended publications
  • Solubility and Solution-Phase Chemistry of Isocyanic Acid, Methyl Isocyanate, 2 and Cyanogen Halides 3 4 5 6 James M

    Solubility and Solution-Phase Chemistry of Isocyanic Acid, Methyl Isocyanate, 2 and Cyanogen Halides 3 4 5 6 James M

    Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1160 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 9 November 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Solubility and Solution-phase Chemistry of Isocyanic Acid, Methyl Isocyanate, 2 and Cyanogen Halides 3 4 5 6 James M. Roberts1, and Yong Liu2 7 8 1. NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 9 2. Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1160 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 9 November 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. 52 Abstract 53 54 Condensed phase uptake and reaction are important atmospheric removal processes for reduced nitrogen 55 species, isocyanic acid (HNCO), methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) and cyanogen halides (XCN, X =Cl, Br, I), yet many 56 of the fundamental quantities that govern this chemistry have not been measured or are understudied. Solubilities 57 and first-order reaction rates of these species were measured for a variety of solutions using a bubble flow reactor 58 method with total reactive nitrogen (Nr) detection. The aqueous solubility of HNCO was measured as a function of 59 pH, and exhibited the classic behavior of a weak acid, with an intrinsic Henry’s law solubility of 20 (±2) M/atm, and -4 60 a Ka of 2.0 (±0.28) ×10 M (which corresponds to pKa = 3.7 ±0.06) at 298K.
  • Hydroxyacetonitrile (HOCH2CN) As a Precursor for Formylcyanide (CHOCN), Ketenimine (CH2CNH), and Cyanogen (NCCN) in Astrophysical Conditions

    Hydroxyacetonitrile (HOCH2CN) As a Precursor for Formylcyanide (CHOCN), Ketenimine (CH2CNH), and Cyanogen (NCCN) in Astrophysical Conditions

    A&A 549, A93 (2013) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219779 & c ESO 2013 Astrophysics Hydroxyacetonitrile (HOCH2CN) as a precursor for formylcyanide (CHOCN), ketenimine (CH2CNH), and cyanogen (NCCN) in astrophysical conditions G. Danger1, F. Duvernay1, P. Theulé1, F. Borget1, J.-C. Guillemin2, and T. Chiavassa1 1 Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, PIIM UMR 7345, 13397 Marseille, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France Received 8 June 2012 / Accepted 19 November 2012 ABSTRACT Context. The reactivity in astrophysical environments can be investigated in the laboratory through experimental simulations, which provide understanding of the formation of specific molecules detected in the solid phase or in the gas phase of these environments. In this context, the most complex molecules are generally suggested to form at the surface of interstellar grains and to be released into the gas phase through thermal or non-thermal desorption, where they can be detected through rotational spectroscopy. Here, we focus our experiments on the photochemistry of hydroxyacetonitrile (HOCH2CN), whose formation has been shown to compete with aminomethanol (NH2CH2OH), a glycine precursor, through the Strecker synthesis. Aims. We present the first experimental investigation of the ultraviolet (UV) photochemistry of hydroxyacetonitrile (HOCH2CN) as a pure solid or diluted in water ice. Methods. We used Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to characterize photoproducts of hydroxyacetonitrile (HOCH2CN) and to determine the different photodegradation pathways of this compound. To improve the photoproduct identifications, irradiations of hydroxyacetonitrile 14N and 15N isotopologues were performed, coupled with theoretical calculations.
  • SAFETY DATA SHEET Nonflammable Gas Mixture: Cyanogen Chloride 1-999Ppm / Nitrogen 99%

    SAFETY DATA SHEET Nonflammable Gas Mixture: Cyanogen Chloride 1-999Ppm / Nitrogen 99%

    SAFETY DATA SHEET Nonflammable Gas Mixture: Cyanogen Chloride 1-999ppm / Nitrogen 99% Section 1. Identification GHS product identifier : Nonflammable Gas Mixture: Cyanogen Chloride 1-999ppm / Nitrogen 99% Other means of : Not available. identification Product use : Synthetic/Analytical chemistry. SDS # : 012226 Supplier's details : Airgas USA, LLC and its affiliates 259 North Radnor-Chester Road Suite 100 Radnor, PA 19087-5283 1-610-687-5253 24-hour telephone : 1-866-734-3438 Section 2. Hazards identification OSHA/HCS status : This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Classification of the : GASES UNDER PRESSURE - Compressed gas substance or mixture GHS label elements Hazard pictograms : Signal word : Warning Hazard statements : Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated. May displace oxygen and cause rapid suffocation. Precautionary statements General : Read and follow all Safety Data Sheets (SDS’S) before use. Read label before use. Keep out of reach of children. If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. Close valve after each use and when empty. Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Do not open valve until connected to equipment prepared for use. Use a back flow preventative device in the piping. Use only equipment of compatible materials of construction. Prevention : Not applicable. Response : Not applicable. Storage : Protect from sunlight when ambient temperature exceeds 52°C/125°F. Store in a well- ventilated place. Disposal : Not applicable. Hazards not otherwise : In addition to any other important health or physical hazards, this product may displace classified oxygen and cause rapid suffocation. Section 3. Composition/information on ingredients Substance/mixture : Mixture Other means of : Not available.
  • Recent Advances in Cyanamide Chemistry: Synthesis and Applications

    Recent Advances in Cyanamide Chemistry: Synthesis and Applications

    molecules Review Recent Advances in Cyanamide Chemistry: Synthesis and Applications M. R. Ranga Prabhath, Luke Williams, Shreesha V. Bhat and Pallavi Sharma * School of Chemistry, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; [email protected] (M.R.R.P.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (S.V.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-015-2288-6885 Academic Editor: Margaret A. Brimble Received: 9 March 2017; Accepted: 7 April 2017; Published: 12 April 2017 Abstract: The application of alkyl and aryl substituted cyanamides in synthetic chemistry has diversified multi-fold in recent years. In this review, we discuss recent advances (since 2012) in the chemistry of cyanamides and detail their application in cycloaddition chemistry, aminocyanation reactions, as well as electrophilic cyanide-transfer agents and their unique radical and coordination chemistry. Keywords: cyanamide; synthesis; aminocyanation; cycloaddition; electrophilic cyanation; radical reaction; coordination chemistry 1. Introduction Cyanamide enjoys a rich chemical history, which can be traced to its unique and chemically promiscuous nitrogen-carbon-nitrogen (NCN) connectivity. The chemistry of the nitrile-substituted amino-group of the ‘cyanamide-moiety’ is dominated by an unusual duality of a nucleophilic sp3-amino nitrogen and an electrophilic nitrile unit. The reported use of unsubstituted cyanamide (NH2CN) and metal cyanamides (MNCN, where M = metal) date back as far as the late 19th century, where the likes of calcium cyanamide (CaNCN) was used as a fertilizer, and later as source of ammonia and nitric acid, which fueled the industrial production of metal cyanamides. In contrast, the reported use of the corresponding substituted organic cyanamides (RNHCN or RR’NCN) gathered pace only in more recent years.
  • Cyanogen Metabolism in Cassava Roots: Impact on Protein Synthesis and Root Development

    Cyanogen Metabolism in Cassava Roots: Impact on Protein Synthesis and Root Development

    fpls-08-00220 February 22, 2017 Time: 15:3 # 1 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 24 February 2017 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00220 Cyanogen Metabolism in Cassava Roots: Impact on Protein Synthesis and Root Development Tawanda Zidenga1*, Dimuth Siritunga2 and Richard T. Sayre1,3 1 Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, 2 Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, USA, 3 New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a staple crop for millions of sub-Saharan Africans, contains high levels of cyanogenic glycosides which protect it against herbivory. However, cyanogens have also been proposed to play a role in nitrogen transport from leaves to roots. Consistent with this hypothesis, analyses of the distribution and activities of enzymes involved in cyanide metabolism provides evidence for cyanide assimilation, derived from linamarin, into amino acids in cassava roots. Both b-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) and nitrilase (NIT), two enzymes involved in cyanide assimilation to produce asparagine, were observed to have higher activities in roots compared to leaves, consistent with their proposed role in reduced nitrogen assimilation. In addition, rhodanese activity was not detected in cassava roots, indicating that this competing means for cyanide metabolism was not a factor in cyanide detoxification. In contrast, Edited by: Henrik Toft Simonsen, leaves had sufficient rhodanese activity to compete with cyanide assimilation into Technical University of Denmark, amino acids. Using transgenic low cyanogen plants, it was shown that reducing root Denmark cyanogen levels is associated with elevated root nitrate reductase activity, presumably to Reviewed by: compensate for the loss of reduced nitrogen from cyanogens.
  • Studies on Halogen-Cyanides Ii . the Distribution of Iodine

    Studies on Halogen-Cyanides Ii . the Distribution of Iodine

    Det Kgl . Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Mathematisk-fysiske Meddelelser. XIV, 3. STUDIES ON HALOGEN-CYANIDES II . THE DISTRIBUTION OF IODINE CYANIDE AN D CYANOGEN BROMIDE BETWEEN BENZENE AN D WATER, AND BETWEEN BENZENE AND SOM E AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTIONS . THE SYNTHESIS AND THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF IODIN E CYANID E BY MAX MØLLE R KØBENHAVN LKVIN & MUNKSGAARll EJNAR MUN[fSGAAR D 1936 Printed in Denmark . Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri A/S . 1 . Introduction. In an investigation of the equilibrium : ICN+I- +H+ I2, +HCN , KOVACH 1 attempted to calculate the equilibrium constant . But the value which was obtained from the conductivit y measurements and the potentiometric estimations cannot be correct, such as it was realized already by KOVACH , since the value of the iodine-iodide ion potential, calculate d by means of the equilibrium constant, is not in agreemen t with the accepted value . This disagreement may be due to, either that the acti- vity of iodine cyanide is strongly effected by salts in general , or that iodine cyanide reacts with iodide ions and cyanid e ions to form complex compounds, or to both of these effects . The following research was started to investigate th e salting out effect on iodine cyanide and cyanogen bromide , and to investigate if these substances actually are able t o unite with halogen ions to form complex ions, similar to the tri-iodide ion, I . When this investigation was in progress YOST & STONE 2 published a paper dealing with the complexformation of iodine cyanide with iodide and cyanide ions . 1 Z . phys . Chem . 80 (1912) 107 .
  • Strategies for Detecting Biological Molecules on Titan

    Strategies for Detecting Biological Molecules on Titan

    ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 18, Number 5, 2018 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2017.1758 Strategies for Detecting Biological Molecules on Titan Catherine D. Neish,1 Ralph D. Lorenz,2 Elizabeth P. Turtle,2 Jason W. Barnes,3 Melissa G. Trainer,4 Bryan Stiles,5 Randolph Kirk,6 Charles A. Hibbitts,2 and Michael J. Malaska5 Abstract Saturn’s moon Titan has all the ingredients needed to produce ‘‘life as we know it.’’ When exposed to liquid water, organic molecules analogous to those found on Titan produce a range of biomolecules such as amino acids. Titan thus provides a natural laboratory for studying the products of prebiotic chemistry. In this work, we examine the ideal locales to search for evidence of, or progression toward, life on Titan. We determine that the best sites to identify biological molecules are deposits of impact melt on the floors of large, fresh impact craters, specifically Sinlap, Selk, and Menrva craters. We find that it is not possible to identify biomolecules on Titan through remote sensing, but rather through in situ measurements capable of identifying a wide range of biological molecules. Given the nonuniformity of impact melt exposures on the floor of a weathered impact crater, the ideal lander would be capable of precision targeting. This would allow it to identify the locations of fresh impact melt deposits, and/or sites where the melt deposits have been exposed through erosion or mass wasting. Determining the extent of prebiotic chemistry within these melt deposits would help us to understand how life could originate on a world very different from Earth.
  • Abbreviations of Chemical Warfare Agents, 152 Acetylcholinesterase

    Abbreviations of Chemical Warfare Agents, 152 Acetylcholinesterase

    Index Abbreviations of chemical warfare agents, Blood ChE inhibition, nerve agent critical 152 toxic effect on, 23 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, Blood ChE inhibition, nerve agent species nerve agents and, 18 variation of, 21 Acetylthiocholine iodide, RBC-ChE activ­ Blood cholinesterases, nerve agent effects ity and, 22 on, 20 AChE (acetylcholinesterase) inhibition, Butyrylcholinesterase (plasma-ChE), nerve agents and, 18 nerve agent effects on, 20 Acronyms for chemical warfare agents, 152 Acute inhalation toxicity, CK and, 114 Carboxylesterases (aliesterases), nerve Acute toxicity, CK (cyanogen chloride) agent effects on, 21 and, 113 Carcinogenicity, CK and, 122 Acute toxicity, GA and, 68 Carcinogenicity, GA and, 73 Acute toxicity, GB and, 78 Carcinogenicity, GB and, 90 Acute toxicity, GD and, 94 Carcinogenicity, HD and, 38 Acute toxicity, HD and, 30 Carcinogenicity, HN2 and, 53 Acute toxicity, HN2 and, 51 Carcinogenicity, HT and, 49 Acute toxicity, HT and, 49 Carcinogenicity, lewisite and, 107 Acute toxicity, lewisite and, 103 Carcinogenicity, VX and, 61 Acute toxicity, T sulfur mustard and, 50 ChE (cholinesterase), nerve agent effects Acute toxicity, VX and, 54 on, 20 Agent CK, see CK or cyanogen chloride ChE inhibition, nerve agent potency on, Agent GA, see GA or Tabun 23 Agent GB, see GB or Sarin Chemical warfare agent disposal tech­ Agent GD, see GD or Soman niques,3 Agent HD, see HD or Sulfur mustard HD Chemical warfare agent non-stockpile Agent HN2, see HN2 or Nitrogen mus- sites U.S., 4 tard Chemical warfare agents, 1 ff. Agent HT, see HT or Sulfur mustard HT Chemical warfare agents, acronyms/abbre­ Agent L, see L or Lewsite viations of, 152 Agent T, see T Sulfur mustard Chemical warfare agents, air exposure lim­ Agent VX, see VX its of, 7 Aliesterases (carboxylesterases), nerve Chemical warfare agents, environmental agent effects on, 21 cleanup of, 3 Anticholinesterase agents, 18 Chemical warfare agents, environmental Army chemical destruction, 3 ff.
  • Acetonitrile

    Acetonitrile

    NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM Technical Report Series No. 447 TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS STUDIES OF ACETONITRILE (CAS NO. 75-05-8) IN F344/N RATS AND B6C3F, MICE (INHALATION STUDIES) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health FOREWORD The National Toxicology Program (NTP) is made up of four charter agencies of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health; the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health; the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Food and Drug Administration; and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control. In July 1981, the Carcinogenesis Bioassay Testing Program, NCI, was transferred to the NIEHS. The NTP coordinates the relevant programs, staff, and resources from these Public Health Service agencies relating to basic and applied research and to biological assay development and validation. The NTP develops, evaluates, and disseminates scientific information about potentially toxic and hazardous chemicals. This knowledge is used for protecting the health of the American people and for the primary prevention of disease. The studies described in this Technical Report were performed under the direction of the NIEHS and were conducted in compliance with NTP laboratory health and safety requirements and must meet or exceed all applicable federal, state, and local health and safety regulations. Animal care and use were in accordance with the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Animals. The prechronic and chronic studieswere conducted in compliance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, and all aspectsof the chronic studies were subjected to retrospective quality assurance audits before being presented for public review.
  • Cyanogera Bromide and Cyanogen. by AUGUSTUSEDWARD DIXON and JOHNTAYLOR

    Cyanogera Bromide and Cyanogen. by AUGUSTUSEDWARD DIXON and JOHNTAYLOR

    View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue 974 DIXON AND TAYLOR: GI.- Cyanogera Bromide and Cyanogen. By AUGUSTUSEDWARD DIXON and JOHNTAYLOR. CYANOGENbromide, in cold aqueous solution, or in the presence of such dilute acids as do not of themselves chemically decompose it, shows no evidence of suffering ionic dissociation. The dilute aqueous solution has the same odour as the solid compound; even after long keeping it yields with silver nitrate no turbidity; it is neutral to litmus, and the pungent vapour fails to give the guaiacum and copper sulphate reaction for hydrogen cyanide ; moreover, the solution is a very feeble conductor of electricity. Although the mixture produced by treating cyanogen bromide with alkali hydroxide contains but alkali bromide and alkali cyanate, Chattaway and Wadmore are of opinion (T., 1902, 81, 199) that hypobromite must first be formed, and then reduced. That cyanate is not directly formed in the reaction with alkali hydroxide is proved from the following facts: (1) Alkali cyanate is not reduced to cyanide by hydriodic acid, ferrous sulphate and alkali, sulphurous acid, alkali sulphite, or even by treatment with aluminium and alkali hydroxide. Further, it has no action on carbamide, either alone or in presence of alkali, (2) If cyanogen bromide is treated with alkali iodide, followed -by alkali, the mixture contains cyanide, but no cyanate, and, when acidified, yields free iodine. (3) If it is treated with ferrous sulphate, and subsequently with alkali and ferric salt, the mixture on acidification gives Prussian- blue, but contains no cyanate. Published on 01 January 1913.
  • Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Hydrophobic Proteins and Fragments Thereof’

    Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Hydrophobic Proteins and Fragments Thereof’

    ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 131,99-107 (1983) Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Hydrophobic Proteins and Fragments Thereof’ GEORGE E.TARR*'~ ANDJOHN W.CRABB-~~ *Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and lDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Received January 31, 1983 Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resolution and recovery of cytochrome P-450 and bovine rhodopsin, both integral membrane proteins, and large peptides derived from P-450 LMI were enhanced by utilizing ternary solvents. Surprisingly, most test materials eluted later in the gradient when using mixtures of acetonitrile and propanol in the mobile phase compared to using either solvent alone. Of the supports tested, the best recovery of hydrophobic cytochrome P-450 LMI was experienced on the less retentive CN-bonded phase. Two alternate solvents for HPLC of polypeptides are proposed: (1) 0.02-o. 1 M hexafluoroacetone/ NH3, pH 7.2 for highly acidic peptides; and (2) 6 M formic acid/O.13 M trimethylamine, pH 1.5, vs 4 M formic acid/O.09 M trimethylamine in propanol for relatively insoluble peptides. Anomalous side reactions between formic acid and peptides can cause HPLC peak broadening, increased retention, and decreased resolution. These deleterious effects are thought to be due in part to formyl esterilication of serine and threonine residues and appear to be reversible by aminoethanol treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography, tides (3-7) and hydrophobic, membrane-as- particularly reverse-phase chromatography, sociated polypeptides (8- 14), methods for such has supplanted the more classical methods of fractionations are not yet well established.
  • Cyanogen Bromide; CASRN 506-68-3

    Cyanogen Bromide; CASRN 506-68-3

    Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Assessment Summary National Center for Environmental Assessment Cyanogen bromide; CASRN 506-68-3 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data, as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process. Sections I (Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects) and II (Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure) present the conclusions that were reached during the assessment development process. Supporting information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the guidance documents located on the IRIS website. STATUS OF DATA FOR Cyanogen bromide File First On-Line 09/26/1988 Category (section) Assessment Available? Last Revised Oral RfD (I.A.) yes 09/26/1988* Inhalation RfC (I.B.) not evaluated Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) not evaluated *A comprehensive review of toxicological studies was completed (2004) - please see section I.A.6 for more information. I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD) Substance Name — Cyanogen bromide CASRN — 506-68-3 Last Revised — 09/26/1988 The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk 1 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S.