A CHART OF Du Pont Company Expansion Beyond the BanksO f THe BRAnDYWIne 1859 - 1934
Sally Giaartler Harris August 31* I960 Raglay Htiseuia This chart of Du Pont Company expansion beyond the banks of the Brandywine has bean coiapiled in preparation for the Hagley Museum* a second floor exhibit which will introduce the trend toward "bigness" throughout American industry. The second floor exhibit is designed to continue the story of American industrial progress told through the first floor exhibits, but the frame of reference on the second floor shifts from the Brandywine Valley to the nation.
As a growing population moved westward to create new states in the wilderness, the old patterns of industry which prevailed along the eastern sdll streams during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries gave way to a dynamic envelopment, lew sources of power, new products, technological improvements, larger industrial units, new forms of organisation, and a revolution in transportation and eosBsuni- cation were the characteristics of a new America. This paper attempts to trace tha major acquisitions of the Du Pont Company in this era of expansion and progress, and thus show how it grew to meet new demands and to supply new markets. CCNfJOSS
Page Part I "expansion, 1859-1913 1
Part II Dissolution, 1913 13 Part III Reorganization and diversification, 191S-1931* . 15
* # * * PART I
EXPANSION, 1859-1913 •1-
1802 Eleutherian Mills The original Du Pont black powder plant on the banks of the Brandywine. Begun in 1802• The first powder was produced in 180b.
1813 Haglfty^ Hagley Farm was bought from Thomas Lea in 1813 for 11*9,000.00. Lea had purchased the property shortly before this from Rumford and Abijah Dawes. The first powder from Haglay was produced in I81ii. The Lower Works were begun in 1837-1838.
1859 Wapwallopen Mills. Luzerne County, Pa. These were bought from Parrish, Silver & Company in 1859* Located in the coal regions of Pennsylvania, they made RB" Blasting powder—35,000 kegs the first year of operation. This represents the first Du Pont expansion beyond the banks of the Brandywine.
1876 Confederate Powder Works, Augusta, Ga. Bought in 1876, the company was dissolved by Du Pont in 1893, and the plant dismantled in 1903* Plants were often dismantled by Du Pont as soon as they were purchased and their former trade supplied from more favorably located or from more modern plants. In this chart the plants underlined are those which operated for some time as Du Pont plants. The purchase of plants which were to be dismantled, however, was an important part of the company growth.
Sycamore Mills Sycamore, Tennessee. Established in 1835, these, with the Confederate Powder Works, were the principal mills for the Confederacy. They were dismantled in 1903.
1876 HAZARD POWDER COMPANY: Organized 1843. Bought by Du Pont 1876. At that time Du Pont acquired!
Hazardville Kill. Enfield, Conn. Built 1835. Sold to Hazard 18U3« 2-
Scitico, Conn. Built 1819 by the Enfield Powder Co. Sold to Hazard l854 Stopped operating 1902.
1888 Hooar. Iowa. Built by ?)u Pont. Started 1888. Began operating in 1890. A black powder plant.
1891 Carney's Point, :.J. Built by Du Pont. Manufacture began 1893. A smokeless powder plant.
1902 laflin & rand powder COMPANY Organised early in 1870 by Laflin. Boies & Turck, Laflin Powder Company, and Smith and Rand, interests which operated eight black powder plants. Bought by Du pont through Delaware Securities Corp.
Saugerties, N.I. Built by Laflin, Boies k Turck 1837. Ceased manufacturing powder in l87iu Sold in 1886.
Kingston. n.y. (fcosendale or Empire Mill). Built 1835• Sold to Smith k Pand 1855»
Catskill, ?UY. (Kiskatom Hill) Built 1832. Owned by laflin, Boies k Turck.
Plattevilie, isc. Built 1849* Owned by Laflin, Boies & Turck. destroyed by fire 1899 and replaced by Pleasant Prairie, Wise, mill.
Esopus, K.T. Owned by Smith & Rand. Main company office.
Mewburgh. N.I. (Grange Hill) Built 1808. Sold to Smith & Rand 1859. discontinued making black powder 1901. Hade charcoal for other mills until 1908.
Baltimore, Kd. (Charles W. Beatty mils) Bought by Smith & Rand I867. Operated for a short time as Battle Mills. Land sold in 1802.
Pottsville, Pa. (Cressona Powder Works) Leased by the Laflin Powder Co. Lease eventually given up. 1902 laflin & rand POWDER COMPANY? (cont.) Laflin k&Rand added to their property between 1870 and 1902? schaghticoke Powder Company, Schaghticoke, N.Y. L & R bought control in 1872. Du Pont acquired balance in 1906, and dissolved the company.
Quakake Powder Company, Quakake, Pa. Acquired in 1873* Abandoned in 1877•
Wayne Mill, Wayne, N.J. Built by L & R l87u.
Pompton Kills, rompton, N.J. Bought by L St R 1888 from Standard Gil interests.
Columbus. Kansas. (Turck Mill) Built by L & R 1889.
Pleasant Prairie, isc. Built to replace Platteville, Wise, mill destroyed by fire in 1889. By t It R.
American Smokeless Powder Company. Haskell. N.J. L k R took over plant and business in 1896.
In addition to the above properties which came to Du Pont directly through acquisition of Laflin k Hand Powder Company, the 1902 >serger also consolidated Du Pont control over several companies in which Laflin 6 Ptand had shared an interest. Among those weret
1902 (i) moosic powder COMPANY* Chartered in 1865 by Du Pont (Belin) and laflin & Rand interests. Bought by Du Pont in 1902. At that time Du Pont acquired!
Rushdale Mill, Jermyn, Pa. Built by A» X. Hand and sold to moosic in 1865.
Spring Brook Mill, Spring Brook, ?a. Sold to moosic by L & R in 1869.
(2) EASTERN DYNAMITE COMPANY! Formed in 1895 from Repauno, Hercules, Atlantic and dittmar. It was completely ovned by Du Pont after 1902, although it continued to operate and acquire plants under its own name up until the time of dissolution (1913). Through It Du Pont acquired in 1902t Repauno. H.J. Started in 1880 by Lammot du Pont. L & R acquired share in 1882. Dissolved and assimilated into Du Pont Company in 1903*
Ashburn, Ho. dynamite plant. Built in 1892-3 by Hercules to replace the Cleveland, Ohio, dynamite plant abandoned in l$9k* Taken over in 189u by Repauno.
Eenvil. H.J. dynamite plant. A plant of the American Forcite Powder Manufacturing Company. The company was acquired by Eastern Dynamite in 1899*
FPrclte. H. J. Another American Forclte Powder Manu facturing Company plant acquired in 189*9.
After 1902 the Eastern Dynamite Company was completely owned by the Du Pont Company. It continued to operate, however, even buying and building new plants. It was destined for dissolution and eventual absorption into the Du Pont Company proper, (e.g. Repauno was dissolved and assimilated into the company in 1903, as was the old Hercules Company.) This assimilation was ^till in process in 1907 when the U. S. Govern ment brought anti-trust suit against the company and put a temporary halt to it. The plants acquired by Eastern Dynamite will be listed along with the other company plants, since it was only a shell after 1902.
(3) Mahoning Powder Company. Organised in 1900 by Du Pont and UR. It built the Punxsutawney mill which exploded in 1907 and was dismantled.
(it) Storrs Junction, Pa. ("Consumers fills") Started in 1885 by Du Pont and Laflin ft Rand interests.
(5) Marcellus Powder Company. Karcellus, H.Y. Organised in 1881. Sold to Du Pont, L k R, Hazard and Oriental in 1886.
(6) Gracedale. Pa. (Enterprise powder Manufacturing Company). Incorporated in 1892, Gracedale started operating in 1893« In 1895 9« Pont and L & 8 bought control. In 19li Gracedale was abandoned snd deliveries made from Olivers Hills at Laurel Run, Pa., instead.
(7) Tallapoosa, Ca. (Southern Powder Company mills). Sold to Du Pont, L §j R and Hazard in 189M. They were in actual operation only a short time (I89ii-1896); they appear to have been built in order to be sold to the powder trust. •5-
1902 (8) Anthracite Powder Company. Bought in 1882 by Du Pont, L 4 E and Hazard. Ho powder was made after this date, although the existence of the company was maintained until 190U.
(9) LAKE superior POwder COMPANY*
Organized in 1868 to manufacture black powder* Acquired by Du Pont, L & R and Hazard in 1876. The company was dis solved April 7, 1905.
marquette. wisc. black powder plant discontinued in 1905, dismantled in 1910. The Barksdale, Wisc*, plant built 1905-6 was built to replace it.
Oriental Powder Company of Maine and Pennsylvania, acquired by Du Pont, L & R and Hazard in 1879. Operated separately until 1905 when the company's charter was given up.
newhall, ^e. plant sold in I89I1 to Eastern Dynamite which converted it to a pulp mill.
fairchance. Pa. mill started in 1900, began operating in 1902.
(11) coltewah. Tenn. (Chattanooga Powder Company), organized in 1890 by J. L. Connable. Sold to Du Pont and L & R in 1895. Company dissolved in 1905*
Shennandoah. Pa. (Shenandoah Powder Company) I small Pennsylvania powder mill sold to Du Pont in 1902. Dismantled by Atlas in 1913 after a long period of inactivity.
1903 Experimental Station on Brandywine Creek established.
1903 H. A. weldy COMPANY
In 1903 Du Pont acquired the balance of stock in this company. It had held a substantial interest in the company since 1871. The small mills in the Pennsylvania coal regions thus acquired were abandoned a few years later. They included? H. A. WELDY COMPANY, (cont.)t
Tamaqua, Pa. (two small mills).
Smith Mill, intzer Station, Pa.
Philip guenther Mill, still Creek, Pa.
4, Bacherts Hill, switchback, Pa.
Boghner and Fredericks Pill, Paxinos, Pa.
Dr. Shannon1s Hill, Indian Run, Pa.
CALIFORNIA Powder WORKS Pounded in 1861 by California gold mining interests who felt the need for explosives and had difficulty in obtaining them from the east. Du Pont became a substantial stockholder in 1676. Du Pont attained complete control in 1903. Santa Cruz, Calif. Construction begun on a black powder plant in 1863, first powder I86I4.
Hercules. Calif. The California Powder Works began to enter the dynamite field in 1866. Its first dynamite plant was in San francisco. -/hen the city grew too large a new plant was built at Hercules, Calif.
Vigorite. Calif. (California Vigorite Powder Company). Bought by Du Pont. Trie machinery from this plant was eventually dismantled and moved to Hercules, Calif.
Laurel run. Pa. (Clivers Mills) Bought by Du Pont.
Barkedale. wisc. Construction started by Du Pont in 1903« Plant started operating in 1905. parlin. n.J. mrarsden Company) Formerly International Smokeless and Chemical Corporation. Bought by Du Pont. Johnstown, Pa. (Conemaugh Powder Company) Organized to operate the Cambria Powder Company of Johnstown, Pa. Built in 1902. Bought by Du Pont and dismantled in 19QU.
Connable. Ala. (Birmingham Powder Company) Organized in 1896 and plant built at Boyles Gap, Ala. In 1900 Du Pont acquired the majority stock. In 190lt it was taken over by Du Pont and dissolved. 190k Jas. Macbeth & Co. Du Pont buys blasting cap business. 1905 Youngstown. Ohio (Ohio Powder Company). Company dissolved and Youngstown plant taken over. mahanoy City, Pa. (Mahanoy powder Co.) Sold to du Pont in 1905 and dismantled soon after.
1906 PHOENIX POWDeR mANUFACTUrING COHPANY
Organized in 1868. merged into Du Pont in 1906.
Farmingdale, N.J. Hill built 1588. Dismantled 1906 by Du Pont.
Kellog, 7a. mill built 1891, discontinued 1908.
Belleville. 111. 'ill built 1892. Absorbed into Du Pont.
Louviers. Colorado. Construction started on this dynamite mill in 1906. It was In operation by 1906.
Du Pont. Washington. Construction began on a dynamite plant in 1906, but It was stopped by the panic of 1907. Building operations finally resumed and the plant was completed in 1909. Operations started that Fame year.
1907 "In 1907 the e. I. du Pont de nemours Powder Company controlled about two-thirds of the black blasting powder and three-fourths of the black sporting powder business of the country." Van Gelder and Schlatter, History of the Explosives Industry in America, p. 160.
LAFLIN & rAND property TRANSFERS
Even after the 1902-3 merger Laflin & Rand, although owned by Du Pont, continued to administer several powder mills and to acquire new ones. In 1907 Laflin ft Rand transferred to Du Pont as a property dividend all of its mills. These included!
(A) :?rom the original (1870) L 4 B consolidation!
(1) Newburgh, M.Y. (Orange Mill)
(2) Platteville, isc. (inoperative)
(3) Kingston, Y. (Hosendale or Empire Hill) -8-
1907 (B) From those L & R acquired between 1870 slid 19021
(1) Wayne, K.J.
(2) Columbus, Kansas (Turck Hill)
(3) Schaghticoke, H.Y.
(I*) Haskell, N.J,
(5) Pleasant Prairie, Wise.
(C) From those acquired under Du Pont control (1902-7): (1) Fontanel, Indiana (Indiana Powder Company). Company organized 1897. t>u Pont bought plant in 1902 and assigned it to L & R. Blown up in 1907, dismantled and abandoned.
(2) Dorner, Indiana (northwestern Powder Company). Plant built in 1901 fcgr the northwestern Powder Co. Bought by Du Pont in 1902 and assigned to L & R. Blown up in 19<& and never re-built-. Transferred as a site.
(3) Pittsburg, Kansas. The Pennsylvania and Kansas Powder Company (P&K) was formed in 1903 by i>u Pont to construct these mills. They were assigned to L k R.
i 00 Fairchance. Pa. An Oriental Powder Company of Pennsylvania blasting powder mill. Built in 1900, began operating in 1902. Assigned to L & R.
0>) ferndale. Pa. (near Ring town, Pa.) Bought from Titman and Millar in 1903. Assigned to L k R.
(6) nemours. fife Va. Built in 1903 by Du Pont and assigned to L 4 R. Operations began in 190ii.
(7) Patterson. Ckla. Built In 1907 by Du Pont and assigned to L & H. Operations began in 1908. Shut down in 1920. Laflin & Hand did no business after 1909. In 1910 all remaining accounts and properties were sold to Du Pont, and in 1912 Laflin & Hand was dissolved.
1908 Moosic. Pa. (Belin Mill). Construction started in 1908. First powder produced in 1911. 1909 Senter, Mich. Dynaralte plant. Construction began in 1909» Operations began in 1910-1911* 1910 fabrikoldd Company of Hewburgh, New York purchased and Du Pont pre-fixed to its name. Du Pont enters the fabrics field (coated fabrics). Du Pont Nitrate Company formed. Control of raw materials. Ceased operations in 1927.
Wilpan. Minn. Construction started on a black powder plant. In operation by 1911. Shut down in 1912.
1911 Augusta. Colo. Construction started on a black powder plant. Operations began in 1912.
1912 Atlas, Ho. Dynan&te plant built in 1912.
Du Pont, v/ash. A black powder usill started. )
Location! Typet Du Pont Built i Purchased fromt Acquired through %
X* Ashburn, Mo. dynamite mill XXXX X X X X X Eastern Dynamite Co.—1902
2. Atlas. Mo. dynamite mill 1912 X X X X X X X X X X
3. Augusta, Colo. black powder 1911 X X X X X X X X X X
b. Barksdale, Wise. dynamite mill 1903 X X X X X j)C 3C 3C 3C
5. Belleville. 111. black powder mm Phoenix Powder Mfg.Co. X X X X X (merged into DuPont,1906)
6. Brandywine, Del. sporting mill 1802,1813 X XXX X X X X X X
7. Carney*s Point,M.J. smokeless 1891 X X X X X X X X X X
a. Columbus, Kansas black powder xxxx X X X X X Laflin k Rand—1902, 1907
9. Connable, Ala. black powder xxxx Birmingham Powder Co. X X X X X (DuPont ddLssolved,190b)
10. Du Pont, Wash. dynamite mill 1906,1909 X X X X X X X X X X n. Fairchanee, Pa. black powder X X X X X Oriental Powder Co.—1902, 190$ Laflin k Rand—1907
Ferndale, Pa. black powder xxxx fitman & Miller, 1903 Laflin i Rand—-1907
13. Forcite, N.J. dynamite mill xxxx X X X X X Eastern Dynamite Co.-1902*3.
Haskell, M.J. smokeless xxxx XXX XX Laflin k Rand—1902, 1907 is. Hasardville, Conn. sporting mill xxxx X X X X X Hasard Powder Co.—1876
16. Hercules, Calif. dynamite mill xxxx X X X X X X X X X X
17* Kenvil, H.J. dynamite mill xxxx X X X X X Eastern Dynamite Co.—1902
18. Laurel Run, Pa. black powder xxxx Oliver's Mills, 1903 XX XXX
19. Louviers, Colo. dynamite mill 1906 TLLTL X xxxx Location Typei Du Pont Built j Purchased froms Acquired tbrought
20, Marquette. Kich. dynamite mill Lake Superior Powder Co. — (Du Pont dissolved, 190$) xxxxx
21. Mooar, Iowa black powder 1888 XXX X X 3C «X» 3C 3C
22. Moosic, Pa. black powder 1908 X X X X X Moosic Powder Co*
23. Nemours, W. ?a. black powder 1903 xxxxx Laflin & Rand—1907
21*. Ooltewah, Oa. black powder warn Chattanooga Powder Co. xxxxx (OuPont dissolved, 190$)
25. Parlin, N.J. smokeless Marsden Co., 19034. xxxxx
26. Patterson, Okla. black powder 1907 xxxxx Laflin 4 Rand—1907
27. Pittsburg, Kansas black powder 1903 (P&K) xxxxx Laflin ft Hand—1907
28. Pleasant Prairie,Wise, black powder X3DOC xxxxx Laflin & Rand—1902,1907
29. Repauno, N. J. dynamite mill xxxx xxxxx Pastern Dynamite Co.—1902
30. Biker & Shenandoah,Pai black powder xxxx Shenandoah Powder Co., xxxxx 1902
31. Rosendale, K.I. black powder xxxx xxxxx Laflin & Rand—1902, 1907
32. Rushdale, Pa. black powder xxxx xxxxx Moosic Powder Co.—1902
33. Santa Cruz, Calif. black powder xxxx California Powder Works xxxxx (balance acquired 1903)
31*. Schaghticoke, N.Y. sporting mill xxxx Schaghticoke Powder Co. Laflin & Hand—1907 (balance acquired 1906)
35. Senter, Mich. dynamite mill 1909 xxxxx xxxxx
PLANTS OWNED BY DU PONT IS 1913, COOT. Location! Typet Du Pont Built? Purchased frorai Acquired through!
36. Storrs Jet., Pa. black powder xxxx "Consumers Mills," 1902 X X X X X
37• Vigorite, Calif. dynamite mill xxxx California Vigorite Co. JC -3C 3C (balance acquired 1903)
36. Wayne, N.J. sporting mill X X X X X Laflin & Rand—1902, 1907
39• Wilpen, Finn. black powder 1910 X X X X X X X X X X
I4O. Youngstown, Ohio black powder xxxx Ohio Powder Company X X X X X (DuPont dissolved, 190$)
PLANTS 0«D BY DU PONT IK 1913, COKT. PART II
DISSOLUTION, 1913 1913 formation OF ATLAS and HERCULES COMPAnies
1O07~B# S. Waddell filed complaint with the Congress of the United States* The Government instituted suit against Du Pont et^ al on July 31st under the Sherman Antitrust Act. Up to this time over sixty corporations had been dissolved and their property, by outright purchase, vested in the Du Pont Company. (Ven Gelder and Schlatter, p. 211).
1911—Interlocutory decree of dissolution handed down.
1912—Final decree of dissolution handed down June 13, 1912.
This led to the formation of the Hercules Powder Company and the Atlas Powder Company since the court ordered a distribution of the business among three corporations, one to be the existing Du Pont Company. The Dissolution Committee consisted of: Messrs. P. S. du Pont, Hamilton Barksdale, J. A. Haskell, Charles L. Patterson, William Coyne and Russell Dunham. Work was finished December 15, 1912, and ^pprored by the court.
1913—Atlas Powder Company and Hercules Powder Company started operating January 1, 1913.
ATLAS POWDER COM?ANTt Authorised capital of 15,000,000.00 of which $3,000,000.00 were issued, and in addition 13,000,000.00 in bonds.
Vim. J. Webster, President J. Findlay Van Lear, Vice-president in charge of sales Walter A. Layfield, Vice-president and general manager B. Coy, Secretary and Treasurer 14-
1913 ATLAS powder company, cont.j
Black powder plants?
Hiker and Shenandoah. Pa. Ooltewah, Tenn. Belleville. Ill.. Pittsburg, Kansas Patterson, Okla, (added later) Dynamite plants* Pbreite, M.J. Senter, Kich. Atlas. Mo. Vigorite, Calif.
hercules POWDER COMPANY: Incorporated in Delaware, October 17th, 1912. Started operations January 1st 1913* Capitalisation? $6,500,000.00 common stock $ $6,500,00*00 bonds.
Russell H. Dunham, President T. W. Bacchus, Vice-president and General Manager* James T. Skelly, Vice-president in charge of sales. George H. Markell, Secretary 4 Treasurer.
Black powder plants?
Rosendale, I«T« (Empire) Pingtown, Pa. (I^rndale) Youngstown, Ohio Pleasant Prairie, Wise. Columbus, Kansas Santa Crus, Calif.
"A" and HBtt sporting mills?
Hasardville, Conn, (exploded Jan. Hi, 1913, never re-built) Schaghtieoke, H.T.
.Dynamite mills t
Kenvil, M.J. Hercules, Calif. Marquette, Mich, (inactive) PART III
REORGANIZATION AND DIVERSIFICATION -15-
1913 DU BDNT COKPAHY RSTAIHEDt Black powder plantst
Augusts, Colo* Connable, Ala* Fairchance, Pa* Mooar, Iowa Nemours, VI. Va, Wilpen, Minn* Rushdale, Pa* Laurel Run. Pa* Moosic, Pa* (Belin) Storrs Jet., Pa.
Sporting millsx
Wayne, N.J* Brandywine, Del*
Smokeless:
Parlin, M.J* Carney's Point, ti*j* Haskell, II*J*
Dynamite plants:
Repauno, M.J. Barksdale, V/lac* Louviers, Colo . Du Pont, Wash* Ashburn, ^o*
1915 Reorganisation of K* I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. of Delaware.
Arlington Company, purchased.* (Lacquers and enamels, pyroxylin plasticsT* Du Pont enters plastics Held*
Bayway Chemical Company.leased* (coal tar derivatives.)
1916 Fairfield hubber Company, purchased, (rubber coated textiles.)
Ou Pont enters upon an era of expansion and diversification. The companies acquired were usually paid for in stock of the Du Pont Company, not in cash. See Dutton, Du Pont. One Hundred Iflf miT TtUTff, p. 277-278. *lo-
General Motors, investment (21.6%). Harrison Brothers and Comga^ Inc.. purchased, (acids, heavy chemicals, pigments, dry colors and lithopone)
Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co, purchased (stains k fillers).
Deepwater Point, K.J. Du Pont built a dyestuffs plant.
Flint Varnish and Color Company, Purchased.
New England Oil Paint and Varnish Company. Purchased
Du Pont Chemical Company. Formed to salvage war patents.
Chemical Foundation acquired i*,500 German owned patents.
Chicago Varnish Company. Purchased.
Cawley-Clark Company. Purchased, (dry colors)
Du Pont Fibresilk Company. Formed (later Du Pont Rayon Co.)
Du Pont Cellophane Company. Formed Carl Jet., Mo. dynamite plant (Du Pont purchased General Explo sives Co.) Lascote, Indiana. Formed, (later Du Pont Ammonia Corp.)
Du Pont - Pathe Film Manufacturing Company. Formed.
Viscoloid Company. Purchased(1 ater Du Pont Viscoloid Co.) Pioneer of plastic combs, uribrella handles, toys, etc.
Eastern Alcohol Corporation. Formed.
Celastic Corporation. Formed.
Du Pont, Wash, black powder plant built.
Excelsior Powder Manufacturing Company plant sold to Du Pont and dismantled.
Du Plate Company. Organised. •17
1928 Bayer-Semesan Company. Organised.
Orasselli Chemical Company. Consolidated with ,;u Pont. A leading manufacturer of acids and heavy chemicals since 1839.
1929 Krebs Pigment and Chemical Company. Purchased (lithopone).
Cellulose Acetate Plant built. "Acele*
Capes-Viscose Inc. Purchased (maker of cellulose bottle caps and bands).
1930 Hoessler tt Haeslacher Chemical Company. Purchased, (specialists in electro-chemicals, ceramic colors, sodium peroxides, insecticides, etc)
1931 Newport Chemical Company. Acquired in 1931. (compounders of dyes and synthetic organic chemicals). Krebs Pigment and Chemical Company consolidated with Commercial Pigment Company (titanium-oxide)•
Kinetic Chemical Company, (formed with General Motors Co. for manufacturing "Freon1*).
1933 Remington Arms Company. Acquired.
193U Peters Cartridge Company. Acquired.
Parker Brothers. Acquired (guns).
ountain Varnish & Color Works, Inc. Acquired.