A CHART OF Du Pont Company Expansion Beyond the Banks Of THe BRAnDYWIne 1859 - 1934 Sally Giaartler Harris August 31* I960 Raglay Htiseuia This chart of Du Pont Company expansion beyond the banks of the Brandywine has bean coiapiled in preparation for the Hagley Museum* a second floor exhibit which will introduce the trend toward "bigness" throughout American industry. The second floor exhibit is designed to continue the story of American industrial progress told through the first floor exhibits, but the frame of reference on the second floor shifts from the Brandywine Valley to the nation. As a growing population moved westward to create new states in the wilderness, the old patterns of industry which prevailed along the eastern sdll streams during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries gave way to a dynamic envelopment, lew sources of power, new products, technological improvements, larger industrial units, new forms of organisation, and a revolution in transportation and eosBsuni- cation were the characteristics of a new America. This paper attempts to trace tha major acquisitions of the Du Pont Company in this era of expansion and progress, and thus show how it grew to meet new demands and to supply new markets. CCNfJOSS Page Part I "expansion, 1859-1913 1 Part II Dissolution, 1913 13 Part III Reorganization and diversification, 191S-1931* . 15 * # * * PART I EXPANSION, 1859-1913 •1- 1802 Eleutherian Mills The original Du Pont black powder plant on the banks of the Brandywine. Begun in 1802• The first powder was produced in 180b. 1813 Haglfty^ Hagley Farm was bought from Thomas Lea in 1813 for 11*9,000.00. Lea had purchased the property shortly before this from Rumford and Abijah Dawes. The first powder from Haglay was produced in I81ii. The Lower Works were begun in 1837-1838. 1859 Wapwallopen Mills. Luzerne County, Pa. These were bought from Parrish, Silver & Company in 1859* Located in the coal regions of Pennsylvania, they made RB" Blasting powder—35,000 kegs the first year of operation. This represents the first Du Pont expansion beyond the banks of the Brandywine. 1876 Confederate Powder Works, Augusta, Ga. Bought in 1876, the company was dissolved by Du Pont in 1893, and the plant dismantled in 1903* Plants were often dismantled by Du Pont as soon as they were purchased and their former trade supplied from more favorably located or from more modern plants. In this chart the plants underlined are those which operated for some time as Du Pont plants. The purchase of plants which were to be dismantled, however, was an important part of the company growth. Sycamore Mills Sycamore, Tennessee. Established in 1835, these, with the Confederate Powder Works, were the principal mills for the Confederacy. They were dismantled in 1903. 1876 HAZARD POWDER COMPANY: Organized 1843. Bought by Du Pont 1876. At that time Du Pont acquired! Hazardville Kill. Enfield, Conn. Built 1835. Sold to Hazard 18U3« 2- Scitico, Conn. Built 1819 by the Enfield Powder Co. Sold to Hazard l854 Stopped operating 1902. 1888 Hooar. Iowa. Built by ?)u Pont. Started 1888. Began operating in 1890. A black powder plant. 1891 Carney's Point, :.J. Built by Du Pont. Manufacture began 1893. A smokeless powder plant. 1902 laflin & rand powder COMPANY Organised early in 1870 by Laflin. Boies & Turck, Laflin Powder Company, and Smith and Rand, interests which operated eight black powder plants. Bought by Du pont through Delaware Securities Corp. Saugerties, N.I. Built by Laflin, Boies k Turck 1837. Ceased manufacturing powder in l87iu Sold in 1886. Kingston. n.y. (fcosendale or Empire Mill). Built 1835• Sold to Smith k Pand 1855» Catskill, ?UY. (Kiskatom Hill) Built 1832. Owned by laflin, Boies k Turck. Plattevilie, isc. Built 1849* Owned by Laflin, Boies & Turck. destroyed by fire 1899 and replaced by Pleasant Prairie, Wise, mill. Esopus, K.T. Owned by Smith & Rand. Main company office. Mewburgh. N.I. (Grange Hill) Built 1808. Sold to Smith & Rand 1859. discontinued making black powder 1901. Hade charcoal for other mills until 1908. Baltimore, Kd. (Charles W. Beatty mils) Bought by Smith & Rand I867. Operated for a short time as Battle Mills. Land sold in 1802. Pottsville, Pa. (Cressona Powder Works) Leased by the Laflin Powder Co. Lease eventually given up. 1902 laflin & rand POWDER COMPANY? (cont.) Laflin k&Rand added to their property between 1870 and 1902? schaghticoke Powder Company, Schaghticoke, N.Y. L & R bought control in 1872. Du Pont acquired balance in 1906, and dissolved the company. Quakake Powder Company, Quakake, Pa. Acquired in 1873* Abandoned in 1877• Wayne Mill, Wayne, N.J. Built by L & R l87u. Pompton Kills, rompton, N.J. Bought by L St R 1888 from Standard Gil interests. Columbus. Kansas. (Turck Mill) Built by L & R 1889. Pleasant Prairie, isc. Built to replace Platteville, Wise, mill destroyed by fire in 1889. By t It R. American Smokeless Powder Company. Haskell. N.J. L k R took over plant and business in 1896. In addition to the above properties which came to Du Pont directly through acquisition of Laflin k Hand Powder Company, the 1902 >serger also consolidated Du Pont control over several companies in which Laflin 6 Ptand had shared an interest. Among those weret 1902 (i) moosic powder COMPANY* Chartered in 1865 by Du Pont (Belin) and laflin & Rand interests. Bought by Du Pont in 1902. At that time Du Pont acquired! Rushdale Mill, Jermyn, Pa. Built by A» X. Hand and sold to moosic in 1865. Spring Brook Mill, Spring Brook, ?a. Sold to moosic by L & R in 1869. (2) EASTERN DYNAMITE COMPANY! Formed in 1895 from Repauno, Hercules, Atlantic and dittmar. It was completely ovned by Du Pont after 1902, although it continued to operate and acquire plants under its own name up until the time of dissolution (1913). Through It Du Pont acquired in 1902t Repauno. H.J. Started in 1880 by Lammot du Pont. L & R acquired share in 1882. Dissolved and assimilated into Du Pont Company in 1903* Ashburn, Ho. dynamite plant. Built in 1892-3 by Hercules to replace the Cleveland, Ohio, dynamite plant abandoned in l$9k* Taken over in 189u by Repauno. Eenvil. H.J. dynamite plant. A plant of the American Forcite Powder Manufacturing Company. The company was acquired by Eastern Dynamite in 1899* FPrclte. H. J. Another American Forclte Powder Manu­ facturing Company plant acquired in 189*9. After 1902 the Eastern Dynamite Company was completely owned by the Du Pont Company. It continued to operate, however, even buying and building new plants. It was destined for dissolution and eventual absorption into the Du Pont Company proper, (e.g. Repauno was dissolved and assimilated into the company in 1903, as was the old Hercules Company.) This assimilation was ^till in process in 1907 when the U. S. Govern­ ment brought anti-trust suit against the company and put a temporary halt to it. The plants acquired by Eastern Dynamite will be listed along with the other company plants, since it was only a shell after 1902. (3) Mahoning Powder Company. Organised in 1900 by Du Pont and UR. It built the Punxsutawney mill which exploded in 1907 and was dismantled. (it) Storrs Junction, Pa. ("Consumers fills") Started in 1885 by Du Pont and Laflin ft Rand interests. (5) Marcellus Powder Company. Karcellus, H.Y. Organised in 1881. Sold to Du Pont, L k R, Hazard and Oriental in 1886. (6) Gracedale. Pa. (Enterprise powder Manufacturing Company). Incorporated in 1892, Gracedale started operating in 1893« In 1895 9« Pont and L & 8 bought control. In 19li Gracedale was abandoned snd deliveries made from Olivers Hills at Laurel Run, Pa., instead. (7) Tallapoosa, Ca. (Southern Powder Company mills). Sold to Du Pont, L §j R and Hazard in 189M. They were in actual operation only a short time (I89ii-1896); they appear to have been built in order to be sold to the powder trust. •5- 1902 (8) Anthracite Powder Company. Bought in 1882 by Du Pont, L 4 E and Hazard. Ho powder was made after this date, although the existence of the company was maintained until 190U. (9) LAKE superior POwder COMPANY* Organized in 1868 to manufacture black powder* Acquired by Du Pont, L & R and Hazard in 1876. The company was dis­ solved April 7, 1905. marquette. wisc. black powder plant discontinued in 1905, dismantled in 1910. The Barksdale, Wisc*, plant built 1905-6 was built to replace it. (10) ORIENTAL POWDER COMPANY Oriental Powder Company of Maine and Pennsylvania, acquired by Du Pont, L & R and Hazard in 1879. Operated separately until 1905 when the company's charter was given up. newhall, ^e. plant sold in I89I1 to Eastern Dynamite which converted it to a pulp mill. fairchance. Pa. mill started in 1900, began operating in 1902. (11) coltewah. Tenn. (Chattanooga Powder Company), organized in 1890 by J. L. Connable. Sold to Du Pont and L & R in 1895. Company dissolved in 1905* Shennandoah. Pa. (Shenandoah Powder Company) I small Pennsylvania powder mill sold to Du Pont in 1902. Dismantled by Atlas in 1913 after a long period of inactivity. 1903 Experimental Station on Brandywine Creek established. 1903 H. A. weldy COMPANY In 1903 Du Pont acquired the balance of stock in this company. It had held a substantial interest in the company since 1871. The small mills in the Pennsylvania coal regions thus acquired were abandoned a few years later. They included? H. A. WELDY COMPANY, (cont.)t Tamaqua, Pa. (two small mills). Smith Mill, intzer Station, Pa. Philip guenther Mill, still Creek, Pa. 4, Bacherts Hill, switchback, Pa. Boghner and Fredericks Pill, Paxinos, Pa.