DOCSLIB.ORG

Tajikistan & Afghanistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tajikistan & Afghanistan TAJIKISTAN & AFGHANISTAN From Pamir Mountains to the foothills of Hindukush Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan September 25 to October 17, 2021 Tajikistan portion Led by “Spiekermann Travel” Tour Manager Afghanistan portion Led by Professor Jennifer L. Fluri This journey will take you to explore exotic landscapes of snow-covered peaks, high-mountain lakes and rivers, inhabited by mountain commu- nities living in settlements preserving century-old traditions and customs. History of Pamir Highway is over one hundred years, but the history of Pamir itself is over millennia. It was left largely untouched by the ravages of the Soviet occupation and the Taliban’s invasion. Archaeological findings testify presence of Zoroastrians, Buddhists and Muslims in Pamir. The birth date of Pamir Highway can be consid- ered the 14th of March 1981 when lieutenant colonel Bronislav Grombchevskiy read a lecture on “Our interests in Pamir. Military-political outline” at the secret meeting of the General headquarter of the Russian army in Saint Petersburg. The aim of this secret bridgehead was to prepare for any possible invasion of the British Empire to Central Asia. We will cross to Afghanistan via Termez which is one of the ancient cities of Central Asia. It evolved throughout the history on different places around the modern city, reflecting multiple cultural layers depicted in remains of historical sites. For several centuries it served as the main center of Buddhism in Central Asia. Missionaries travelled from Termez through the iron gates to Sogdiana on the northwest along the valley of Oxus to Margiana and to the northeast through the Pamir and Alay mountains. Afghanistan is home to some incredible treasures bound to leave you in awe. This journey will take you from bustling Kabul to the foothills of the Hindu-Kush. Follow in the footsteps of Marco Polo and Alexander the Great as you explore the country’s safest areas in the northern regions. Visit the fabulous city of Herat, which was once a great medieval center for Islamic learning and culture. Marvel at the legendary mountain caves of Bamyan and the spectacular lakes of Band-e-Amir. Join to tour the historical town of Mazar-i-Sharif, famous for its blue-tiled mosque and Balkh, the nearby ancient caravan town. Ihab. Zaki Managing Director, Spiekermann Travel Sat-Mon, Sep 25-27 this part of the highway, which climbs over 14,050-foot Kyzyl-Art USA - Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Pass into Tajikistan and then cross the Pamir Plateau. The road heads up Ak-Baital Pass at 15,270 feet, and then down to Murghab Depart JFK to Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan via Istanbul. Upon arrival at at approximately 12,000 feet. The scenery here is as gorgeous as Bishkek airport and after customs and immigration procedure, it can be seen anywhere in the world. Tajikistan is one of the last meet and transfer to Jannat 5* hotel for check in, free morning undiscovered travel destinations, and driving along this dramatic at leisure and then in the afternoon, start your tour of Bishkek highway will be an amazing experience. Enjoy a picnic lunch on including a visit to Manas Republic Square and National Flag route at Karakul Lake. Created by a meteor about 10 million years Square, Museum of History, Philharmonics Square with Statue ago, Karakul Lake’s Kyrgyz name translates to “Black Lake”. It is one of of Manas, continue to University Boulevard, Victory Square and Central Asia’s highest lakes and has no drainage outlet (therefore it TSUM Mall for a visit then return to the hotel for your overnight. (D) is an endorheic lake). The lake is too high to support life, and is of- ten frozen until late May. Because of this, the area surrounding the Tuesday, Sep 28 lake has a lonely, empty feeling. It has captured the imagination of Bishkek -Sary Tash many travelers throughout history, including Marco Polo. Transfer to Pamir Hotel for check in and overnight. (B,L.D) Transfer to the airport for your flight to Osh. Upon arrival, you’ll Note: Driving time from Sary Tash to Myrgab is about 7 hours meet your local guide and start your tour of Osh, which includes and covering a distance of 155 miles. a walk through the clamor of the 2,000-year-old Jayma Bazaar, the biggest open-air market in Central Asia, and said to be the Thursday, Sep 30 best market in the west of Kashgar. The clamor of the crowds rises above the din of merchants selling colorful Kyrgyz textiles, kalpaks, Murghab - Langar fermented milk, spices, and dried fruits. You’ll Observe the process Today, we’ll drive to Langar and if the weather is clear enough, we’ll of bread baking, a process so revered that in 2016 it was added to head up to the Shorbulak Observatory, where you can see the the UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. You’ll watch the Muztag Ata and Kongur Peaks, which are parts of the Khun Lun baker prepare the dough, makes the fire in the clay tandoor oven, Range. Following the Alichur Plateau we’ll pass a number of oth- and slaps the rounds onto the sides of the oven. Have lunch at a er interesting salt lakes, before crossing the Khargush Pass, which local chaikhana (tea house), then later this afternoon, you’ll drive to brings us spectacular views of Afghanistan, with the ice-capped Sary Tash along a serpentine road that passes through Taldyk Pass summit of the Wakhan Range ahead of us, and the Pamir River (11,680ft). Stopping for the evening in Sary Tash, situated at an ele- marking the border just a few miles away. There will be plenty of vation of around 10,000 feet, ensures that you don’t miss any of the chances to stop for some spectacular photos. Once our passports fantastic scenery between here and Murghab. Transfer to Mirbek have been checked through the Kargush army base, we’ll contin- Guesthouse or similar for check in and overnight. (B,L,D) ue along the Pamir River, hopefully spotting one of the rare herds of Bactrian camels that still exist there. With very little vegetation Note: Driving time from Osh and Sary Tash is about 3 hours and in the area, the surrounding views of the mountains are even more covering a distance of 115 miles. spectacular. Then we’ll reach Langar, the last village of the Tajik Wakhan Corridor before the border of Afghanistan. Langar boasts Wednesday, Sep 29 a castle and some interesting petroglyphs, and is home to the Sary Tash - Murgab (Tajikistan) ‘Wakhi’ people, most of which are farmers or shepherds. Transfer to homestay for check in and overnight. (B,L,D) Today, we’ll drive to Kyzyl Art border, after finishing border for- Note: Driving time from Murghab to Langar is about 8-9 hours malities, you’ll meet your Tajik guide & driver and you’ll start your and covering a distance of 155 miles. Pamir Highway adventure. You’ll be riding in 4WDs to navigate Friday, Oct 01 Monday, Oct 04 Langar - Ishkashim Kalai Khumb - Dushanbe After Breakfast, we’ll drive along the Panj River taking in the Today, we’ll continue on to Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan with cultural change between the Kyrgyz and Pamiri people of the an elevation of approximately 2,300 feet). Named for the Persian Pamirs. We’ll have some stops along the way to look at the old word for Monday, Dushanbe was at one point a small market vil- castles that once guarded this branch of the Silk Road, including lage where traders would gather each Monday to sell their goods. Yamchun Fort. These are all built quite high up to dominate the During the Soviet era the city grew to be the most important cen- surrounding valley. This part of the Pamirs is also dotted with a va- ter of production in Tajikistan, and the Shohmansur covered mar- riety of religious sites from Sufi shrines, Buddhist stupas and Zo- ket reflects its historical ties to the local trade. As Tajikistan’s capital, roastrian fire Temples. We’ll drive to Yamg village and transfer to the city’s tree-lined streets are home to many national museums Mini hotel or Guest House for check in, free time to take a short (where we will visit a couple of them) and monuments, but watch- walk, visit the local shrine or simply relax and overnight. (B,L,D) ing the colorfully dressed locals stroll by is a highlight of the country. Note: Driving time from Langar to Ishkashim is about 2-3 hours and covers a distance of 69 miles. Transfer to Serena or Hilton Hotel for check in and overnight. (B,L,D) Note: Driving time from Kalai Khumb to Dushanbe is about Saturday, Oct 02 8-10 hours and covers a distance of 223 miles. Ishkasim - Khorog Tuesday, Oct 05 Begin your day with a morning drive to Khorog and cross the Dushanbe border to visit the Bazaar (Market) on the Afghan side. This Mar- ket is held every Saturday in the neutral territory between Tajik- Have breakfast, and then you’ll start your guided city tour with a visit to istan and Afghanistan. Then, we’ll continue our way to Khorog. the National Museum of Antiquities in Tajikistan (closed on Mondays) The town of Khorog is the capital of the Gorno-Badakhshan Au- that includes the exhibits of history, natural history and art (Buddha in tonomous Region in Tajikistan and is an administrative center of Nirvana is one of the valuable exhibits of the museum).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Land Und Leute 22
    Vorwort 11 Herausragende Sehenswürdigkeiten 12 Das Wichtigste in Kurze 14 Entfernungstabelle 20 Zeichenlegende 20 LAND UND LEUTE 22 Tadschikistan im Überblick 24 Landschaft und Natur 25 Gewässer und Gletscher 27 Klima und Reisezeit 28 Flora 29 Fauna 32 Umweltprobleme 37 Geschichte 42 Die Anfänge 42 Vom griechisch-baktrischen Reich bis zur Kushan-Dynastie 47 Eroberung durch die Araber und das Somonidenreich 49 Türken, Mongolen und das Emirat von Buchara 49 Russischer Einfluss und >Great Game< 50 Sowjetische Zeit 50 Unabhängigkeit und Burgerkrieg 52 Endlich Frieden 53 Tadschikistan im 21. Jahrhundert 57 Regierung 57 Wirtschaftslage 58 Kritik und Opposition 58 Tourismus 60 Politisches System in Theorie und Praxis 61 Administrative Gliederung 63 Wirtschaft 65 Bevölkerung und Kultur 69 Religionen und Minderheiten 71 Städtebau und Architektur 74 Volkskunst 77 Sprache 79 Literatur 80 Musik 85 Brauche 89 http://d-nb.info/1071383132 Feste 91 Heilige Statten 94 Die tadschikische Küche 95 ZENTRALTADSCHIKISTAN 102 Duschanbe 104 Geschichte 104 Spaziergang am Rudaki-Prospekt 110 Markt und Mahalla 114 Parks am Varzob-Fluss 115 Museen 119 Denkmaler 122 Duschanbe live 128 Duschanbe-Informationen 131 Die Umgebung von Duschanbe 145 Festung Hisor 145 Varzob-Schlucht 148 Romit-Tal 152 Tal des Karatog 153 Wasserkraftwerk Norak 154 Das Rasht-Tal 156 Ob-i Garm 158 Gharm 159 Jirgatol 159 Reiseveranstalter in Zentral­ tadschikistan 161 DER PAMIR 162 Das Dach der Welt 164 Ein geografisches Kurzportrait 167 Die Bewohner des Pamirs 170 Sprache und Religion 186 Reisen
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry
    The Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON THE INSTALLMENT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER STATIONS FOR THE COMMUNITIES OF KHATLON OBLAST IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FINAL REPORT September 2012 Japan International Cooperation Agency NEWJEC Inc. E C C CR (1) 12-005 Final Report Contents, List of Figures, Abbreviations Data Collection Survey on the Installment of Small Hydropower Stations for the Communities of Khatlon Oblast in the Republic of Tajikistan FINAL REPORT Table of Contents Summary Chapter 1 Preface 1.1 Objectives and Scope of the Study .................................................................................. 1 - 1 1.2 Arrangement of Small Hydropower Potential Sites ......................................................... 1 - 2 1.3 Flowchart of the Study Implementation ........................................................................... 1 - 7 Chapter 2 Overview of Energy Situation in Tajikistan 2.1 Economic Activities and Electricity ................................................................................ 2 - 1 2.1.1 Social and Economic situation in Tajikistan ....................................................... 2 - 1 2.1.2 Energy and Electricity ......................................................................................... 2 - 2 2.1.3 Current Situation and Planning for Power Development .................................... 2 - 9 2.2 Natural Condition ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Role of English in Afghan Language Policy Planning with Its Impact on National Integration (2001-2010)
    ROLE OF ENGLISH IN AFGHAN LANGUAGE POLICY PLANNING WITH ITS IMPACT ON NATIONAL INTEGRATION (2001-2010) By AYAZ AHMAD Area Study Centre (Russia, China & Central Asia) UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR (DECEMBER 2016) ROLE OF ENGLISH IN AFGHAN LANGUAGE POLICY PLANNING WITH ITS IMPACT ON NATIONAL INTEGRATION (2001-2010) By AYAZ AHMAD A dissertation submitted to the University of Peshawar in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (DECEMBER 2016) i AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, Mr. Ayaz Ahmad hereby state that my PhD thesis titled “Role of English in Afghan Language Policy Planning with its Impact on National Integration (2001-2010)” is my own work and has not been submitted previously by me for taking any degree from this University of Peshawar or anywhere else in the country/world. At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my graduation the University has the right to withdraw my PhD degree. AYAZ AHMAD Date: December 2016 ii PLAGIARISM UNDERTAKING I solemnly declare that research work presented in the thesis titled “Role of English in Afghan Language Policy Planning with its Impact on National Integration (2001-2010)” is solely my research work with no significant contribution from any other person. Small contribution/help wherever taken has been duly acknowledged and that complete thesis has been written by me. I understand the zero tolerance policy of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) and University of Peshawar towards plagiarism. Therefore I as an Author of the above-titled thesis declare that no portion of my thesis has been plagiarized and any material used as a reference is properly referred/cited.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Bank the STATE STATISTICAL COMMITTEE of the REPUBLIC of TAJIKISTAN Foreword
    The World Bank THE STATE STATISTICAL COMMITTEE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN Foreword This atlas is the culmination of a significant effort to deliver a snapshot of the socio-economic situation in Tajikistan at the time of the 2000 Census. The atlas arose out of a need to gain a better understanding among Government Agencies and NGOs about the spatial distribution of poverty, through its many indicators, and also to provide this information at a lower level of geographical disaggregation than was previously available, that is, the Jamoat. Poverty is multi-dimensional and as such the atlas includes information on a range of different indicators of the well- being of the population, including education, health, economic activity and the environment. A unique feature of the atlas is the inclusion of estimates of material poverty at the Jamoat level. The derivation of these estimates involves combining the detailed information on household expenditures available from the 2003 Tajikistan Living Standards Survey and the national coverage of the 2000 Census using statistical modelling. This is the first time that this complex statistical methodology has been applied in Central Asia and Tajikistan is proud to be at the forefront of such innovation. It is hoped that the atlas will be of use to all those interested in poverty reduction and improving the lives of the Tajik population. Professor Shabozov Mirgand Chairman Tajikistan State Statistical Committee Project Overview The Socio-economic Atlas, including a poverty map for the country, is part of the on-going Poverty Dialogue Program of the World Bank in collaboration with the Government of Tajikistan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Socio Linguistic Situation and Language Policy of the Autonomous Region of Mountainous Badakhshan: the Case of the Tajik Language*
    THE SOCIO LINGUISTIC SITUATION AND LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGION OF MOUNTAINOUS BADAKHSHAN: THE CASE OF THE TAJIK LANGUAGE* Leila Dodykhudoeva Institute Of Linguistics, Russian Academy Of Sciences The paper deals with the problem of closely related languages of the Eastern and Western Iranian origin that coexist in a close neighbourhood in a rather compact area of one region of Republic Tajikistan. These are a group of "minor" Pamir languages and state language of Tajikistan - Tajik. The population of the Autonomous Region of Mountainous Badakhshan speaks different Pamir languages. They are: Shughni, Rushani, Khufi, Bartangi, Roshorvi, Sariqoli; Yazghulami; Wakhi; Ishkashimi. These languages have no script and written tradition and are used only as spoken languages in the region. The status of these languages and many other local linguemes is still discussed in Iranology. Nearly all Pamir languages to a certain extent can be called "endangered". Some of these languages, like Yazghulami, Roshorvi, Ishkashimi are included into "The Red Book " (UNESCO 1995) as "endangered". Some of them are extinct. Information on other idioms up to now is not available. These languages live in close cooperation and interaction with the state language of Tajikistan - Tajik. Almost all population of Badakhshan is multilingual or bilingual. The second language is official language of the state - Tajik. This language is used in Badakhshan as the language of education, press, media, and culture. This is the reason why this paper is focused on the status of Tajik language in Republic Tajikistan and particularly in Badakhshan. The Tajik literary language (its oral and written forms) has a long history and rich written traditions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Personalisation of Market Exchange in Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan
    [Final draft submitted] ‘No debt, no business’: The Personalisation of Market Exchange in Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan By Carolin Maertens ERC Project Remoteness and Connectivity: Highland Asia in the World Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich Citation: Maertens, Carolin (2017): “No debt, no business”: The Personalisation of Market Exchange in Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan. In: R. Hardenberg (ed.): Approaching Ritual Economy. Socio-Cosmic Fields in Globalized Contexts. RessourcenKulturen 4. Tuebingen: 159-192. Keywords: debt, trade, market, transition, Islam, personalisation, Tajikistan 1 Introduction If one happens to travel in a shared taxi the roughly 600 km distance from Tajikistan’s capital Dushanbe to Khorugh, the capital of its mountainous Autonomous Province Gorno- Badakhshan, one is likely to enjoy the increasingly spectacular view on mountains and torrential rivers for at least fourteen hours. And if one happens to be brave enough and free from giddiness, it is advisable to get hold of a seat on the right side in direction of travel, preferably the front seat, since it provides by far the best view (and increases the chance to find a functioning seatbelt). Following the Panj river upstream on a dirt road for a great part of the journey, one can marvel at the steep canyons one passes through, at rock walls rising high above one’s head and at adventurous pathways vanquished by walkers, motorcycles, cars and donkeys right across the Panj river, which forms the border with Afghanistan. Apart from the visual entertainment, one may also wonder about the trucks that rumble together with passenger cars along the sometimes critically narrow road strip high above the river, shipping consumer goods to the Pamir region.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Censors Crack Down on Tweets
    ABCDE Democracy Dies in Darkness SUNDAY, JANUARY 6, 2019 Chinese censors crack down on tweets Police head to doorsteps in interviews to The Washington Post that to pressure Twitter users authorities are sharply escalating the Twit- to delete messages ter crackdown. It suggests a wave of new and more aggressive tactics by state cen- by Gerry Shih sors and cyber-watchers trying to control the Internet. HONG KONG — The 50-year-old software Twitter is banned in China — as are engineer was tapping away at his computer other non-Chinese sites such as Facebook, in November when state security officials YouTube and Instagram. But they are filed into his office on mainland China. accessed by workarounds such as a virtual They had an unusual — and nonnego- private network, or VPN, which is software tiable — request. that bypasses state-imposed firewalls. Delete these tweets, they said. While Chinese authorities block almost The agents handed over a printout of all foreign social media sites, they rarely 60 posts the engineer had fired off to his have taken direct action against citizens 48,000 followers. The topics included U.S.- who use them, preferring instead to quietly China trade relations and the plight of monitor what the Chinese are saying. underground Christians in his coastal prov- But recently, Internet monitors and ince in southeast China. activists have tallied at least 40 cases of When the engineer did not comply Chinese authorities pressuring users to after 24 hours, he discovered that someone delete tweets through a decidedly low-tech had hacked into his Twitter account and method: showing up at their doorsteps.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism in Tajikistan As Seen by Tour Operators Acknowledgments
    Tourism in as Seen by Tour Operators Public Disclosure Authorized Tajikistan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized DISCLAIMER CONTENTS This work is a product of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................i The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other INTRODUCTION....................................................................................2 information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. TOURISM TRENDS IN TAJIKISTAN............................................................5 RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS TOURISM SERVICES IN TAJIKISTAN.......................................................27 © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank TOURISM IN KHATLON REGION AND 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: +1 (202) 522-2422; email: [email protected]. GORNO-BADAKHSHAN AUTONOMOUS OBLAST (GBAO)...................45 The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and li- censes, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, PROFILE AND LIST OF RESPONDENTS................................................57 Cover page images: 1. Hulbuk Fortress, near Kulob, Khatlon Region 2. Tajik girl holding symbol of Navruz Holiday 3.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSFORMATIONS of HIGH MOUNTAIN PASTORAL STRATEGIES in the PAMIRIAN KNOT Hermann Kreutzmann
    TRANSFORMATIONS OF HIGH MOUNTAIN PASTORAL STRATEGIES IN THE PAMIRIAN KNOT Hermann Kreutzmann Abstract Mountain pastoralism in the Pamirian Knot has been significantly transformed from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. The development path has depended on spheres of influence of dominating powers and affiliation to mighty neighbours and, subsequently, to parties in the Cold War. Significant interventions that led to structural changes can be societal transformations, such as those that happened in the Emirate of Bokhara– Tsarist Russia–Soviet Union–Tajikistan sequence, as well as in the framework of establishing Afghan dominance in Badakhshan, in post- revolutionary interventions in Chinese Xinjiang or in the integration of Karakoram communities in the newly created nation-state of Pakistan. Keywords: Central Asia, Pamirs, transformation, mountain pastoralism, combined mountain agriculture As we have seen, the mountains resist the march of history, with its blessings and its burdens, or they accept it only with reluctance. And yet life sees to it that there is constant contact between hill population and lowlands. None of the Mediterranean ranges resembles the impenetrable mountains to be found in the Far East, in China, Japan, Indochina, India, and as far as the Malacca peninsula. Since they have no communication with sea-level civilization, the communities found there are autonomous (Braudel 1972: 41). Introduction Phenomena observed in high mountain regions are regularly interpreted as the result of natural frame conditions rather than as the visible effects of human action and environmental construction. This perception is particularly encountered when mountain regions outside the industrialized world are in focus, as the above quotation from Fernand Braudel proves.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan
    NEPA Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan An Output of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environment Management (NCSA) for Afghanistan June 2008 United Nations Environment Programme Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch First published in Kabul in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme Darulaman Kabul, Afghanistan Tel: +93 (0)799 382 571 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP, or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photos in this publication have been taken by the UNEP staff. Design and Layout: Rachel Dolores
    [Show full text]
  • The Amu Darya River – a Review
    AMARTYA KUMAR BHATTACHARYA and D. M. P. KARTHIK The Amu Darya river – a review Introduction Source confluence Kerki he Amu Darya, also called the Amu river and elevation 326 m (1,070 ft) historically known by its Latin name, Oxus, is a major coordinates 37°06'35"N, 68°18'44"E T river in Central Asia. It is formed by the junction of the Mouth Aral sea Vakhsh and Panj rivers, at Qal`eh-ye Panjeh in Afghanistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants location Amu Darya Delta, Uzbekistan of the Aral Sea. In ancient times, the river was regarded as the elevation 28 m (92 ft) boundary between Greater Iran and Turan. coordinates 44°06'30"N, 59°40'52"E In classical antiquity, the river was known as the Oxus in Length 2,620 km (1,628 mi) Latin and Oxos in Greek – a clear derivative of Vakhsh, the Basin 534,739 km 2 (206,464 sq m) name of the largest tributary of the river. In Sanskrit, the river Discharge is also referred to as Vakshu. The Avestan texts too refer to 3 the river as Yakhsha/Vakhsha (and Yakhsha Arta (“upper average 2,525 m /s (89,170 cu ft/s) Yakhsha”) referring to the Jaxartes/Syr Darya twin river to max 5,900 m 3 /s (208,357 cu ft/s) Amu Darya). The name Amu is said to have come from the min 420 m 3 /s (14,832 cu ft/s) medieval city of Amul, (later, Chahar Joy/Charjunow, and now known as Türkmenabat), in modern Turkmenistan, with Darya Description being the Persian word for “river”.
    [Show full text]
  • Langdon Warner at Dunhuang: What Really Happened? by Justin M
    ISSN 2152-7237 (print) ISSN 2153-2060 (online) The Silk Road Volume 11 2013 Contents In Memoriam ........................................................................................................................................................... [iii] Langdon Warner at Dunhuang: What Really Happened? by Justin M. Jacobs ............................................................................................................................ 1 Metallurgy and Technology of the Hunnic Gold Hoard from Nagyszéksós, by Alessandra Giumlia-Mair ......................................................................................................... 12 New Discoveries of Rock Art in Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor and Pamir: A Preliminary Study, by John Mock .................................................................................................................................. 36 On the Interpretation of Certain Images on Deer Stones, by Sergei S. Miniaev ....................................................................................................................... 54 Tamgas, a Code of the Steppes. Identity Marks and Writing among the Ancient Iranians, by Niccolò Manassero .................................................................................................................... 60 Some Observations on Depictions of Early Turkic Costume, by Sergey A. Yatsenko .................................................................................................................... 70 The Relations between China and India
    [Show full text]