Gender Differences in Human Brain: a Review Zeenat F
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Addiction and the Female Brain by Jeffrey Georgi, M.Div., MAH, LCAS, CGP Consulting Associate Div
Addiction and the female brain by Jeffrey Georgi, M.Div., MAH, LCAS, CGP Consulting Associate Div. of Addiction Research and Translation Duke University Medical Center Georgi Educational and Counseling Services [email protected] 919-286-1600 and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we started and know the place for the first time TSE © GECS Biological+Psychological+Social+Spiritual Vulnerability Liability Context Bankruptcy plus experience/relationships equals woman © GECS 1 Women’s brains the obvious Women’s brains are part of women’s bodies Women’s bodies are supported by a complex web interconnected relationships Women’s relationships fall within a social and historical context The complexity of the female brain’s neural net and it’s virtually infinite relational and cultural tapestry defies definition Our task this week is inherently reductionistic © GECS Biological+Psychological+Social+Spiritual Vulnerability Liability Context Bankruptcy plus experience/relationships equals Addiction © GECS © GECS 2 © GECS © GECS © GECS 3 X © GECS © GECS 4 © GECS Other Suggestions Disease makes good people make mistakes – they still are good people but need to be held accountable Willpower will not work over time The limbic system is not reasonable Addiction is not a choice Addiction makes almost any psychiatric disorder more difficult and more dangerous © GECS prefrontal cortex orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) © GECS 5 Corpus callosum Anterior cingulate cortex frontal frontal cortex - Nucleus accumbens Hypothalamus Pre Olfactory bulb Amygdala Hippocampus © GECS Women’s brains general principles Structurally the differences between the male and female brain are real but they are subtle and important. Areas where there are differences matter and need to be addressed clinically. -
Information Sheet: Critically Thinking About the Brain and Gender Differences
Davison, Ryan C. (2012) Critically Thinking About the Brain and Gender Differences. In B. Bogue & E. Cady (Eds.). Apply Research to Practice (ARP) Resources. Retrieved <Month Day, Year> from http://www.engr.psu.edu/AWE/ARPResources.aspx. Information Sheet: Critically Thinking About the Brain and Gender Differences By Ryan C. Davison, American Chemical Society In January 2005 the president of Harvard University, Larry Summers, spoke at the Conference on Diversifying the Science & Engineering Workforce. In this now famous speech, Dr. Summers suggested that the reason fewer women succeed in science and math careers may be due to innate gender differences. Educators were stunned that such a credible and prominent academic authority would make these statements. They could easily imagine a situation where a female grade school student, or her teacher, hears Dr. Summers’ comments and accepts them as true because they come from the president of an Ivy League institution. These remarks demonstrate that well-educated people can be ignorant about fields outside their own and exemplify the need to apply critical thinking to the source of information before considering an idea as valid. Of the many questions that Dr. Summers’ statements provoke, none is more important than asking what scientific data, if any, his claim is based upon. Summers supported his opinion with only anecdotal information, which is a poor scientific practice. In his talk he cited “a woman he worked with at the Treasury Department” who said that only three of the 22 women in her graduate school class were working full time. He also mentioned his twin daughters, who when given trucks to play with pretended the trucks were dolls saying, “Look, the daddy truck is carrying the baby truck.” Additionally, Summers stated that his conclusions were based on “a fair amount of reading the literature and a lot of talking to people.” Obviously, developing a theory based on the behavior of your friends, children, and other acquaintances does not allow generalization to the rest of the population. -
Debating Sex Differences in Cognition: We Can Do Better What I Learnt Teaching Cordelia Fine’S “Delusions of Gender”
Debating sex differences in cognition: we can do better What I learnt teaching Cordelia Fine’s “Delusions of Gender” Tom Stafford, @tomstafford University of Sheffield The graduate class PSY6316 ‘Current Issues in Cognitive Neuroscience’. MSc course, ~15 people. Stafford, T. (2008), A fire to be lighted: a case-study in enquiry-based learning, Practice and Evidence of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, April 2008, pp.20-42. “There are sex differences in the brain” Fine (Delusions, Introduction, p xxvii) “Anti-sex difference” investigators? Cahill (2014) http://www.dana.org/Cerebrum/2014/Equal_%E2%89%A0_The_Same__Sex_Differences_in_the_Hu man_Brain/ https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2017/01/20/are-male-and-female-brains-absolutely-identical/ Sarah Ditum, The Guardian, 18th January 2017 Not what Fine thinks. Not what Ditum thinks. Headline chosen by subeditor Original: http://web.archive.org/web/20170118081437/www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jan/18/testosterone- rex-review-cordelia-fine Current: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jan/18/testosterone-rex-review-cordelia-fine We can do better We can quantify the size of differences Interpreting Cohen's d effect size an interactive visualization by Kristoffer Magnusson http://rpsychologist.com/d3/cohend/ Sex differences in cognition are small https://mindhacks.com/2017/02/14/sex-differences-in-cognition-are-small/ The Gender similarities hypothesis “The differences model, which argues that males and females are vastly different psychologically, dominates the popular media. Here, the author advances a very different view, the gender similarities hypothesis, which holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables” Hyde, J. -
The Cuban Human Brain Mapping Project Population Based Normative EEG, MRI, and Cognition Dataset
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.194290; this version posted July 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The Cuban Human Brain Mapping Project population based normative EEG, MRI, and Cognition dataset. Authors: Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa1,2*+, Lidice Galan2*, Jorge Bosch-Bayard3,2,1*, Maria L. Bringas Vega1,2*, Eduardo AuBert Vazquez2*, Samir Das3, Trinidad Virues AlBa2, Cecile MadJar3, Zia Mohades3, Leigh C. MacIntyre3, Christine Rogers3, Shawn Brown3, Lourdes Valdes Urrutia2, Iris Rodriguez Gil2, Alan C. Evans3+, Mitchell J. Valdes Sosa1,2+ *Co-first authors +Co-corresponding authors Affiliations: 1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China, Chengdu China 2CuBan Center for Neuroscience, La Habana, CuBa 3McGill Centre for Integrative Neurosciences MCIN. Ludmer Centre for Mental Health. Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Abstract The CuBan Human Brain Mapping ProJect (CHBMP) repository is an open multimodal neuroimaging and cognitive dataset from 282 healthy participants (31.9 ± 9.3 years, age range 18–68 years). This dataset was acquired from 2004 to 2008 as a suBset of a larger stratified random sample of 2,019 participants from La Lisa municipality in La Habana, CuBa. The exclusion included presence of disease or Brain dysfunctions. The information made available for all participants comprises: high-density (64-120 channels) resting state electroencephalograms (EEG), magnetic resonance images (MRI), psychological tests (MMSE, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale -WAIS III, computerized reaction time tests using a go no- go paradigm), as well as general information (age, gender, education, ethnicity, handedness and weight). -
Ultra-High-Field Imaging Reveals Increased Whole Brain Connectivity
RESEARCH ARTICLE Ultra-high-field imaging reveals increased whole brain connectivity underpins cognitive strategies that attenuate pain Enrico Schulz1,2*, Anne Stankewitz2, Anderson M Winkler1,3, Stephanie Irving2, Viktor Witkovsky´ 4, Irene Tracey1 1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; 2Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨ t Mu¨ nchen, Munich, Germany; 3Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States; 4Department of Theoretical Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Abstract We investigated how the attenuation of pain with cognitive interventions affects brain connectivity using neuroimaging and a whole brain novel analysis approach. While receiving tonic cold pain, 20 healthy participants performed three different pain attenuation strategies during simultaneous collection of functional imaging data at seven tesla. Participants were asked to rate their pain after each trial. We related the trial-by-trial variability of the attenuation performance to the trial-by-trial functional connectivity strength change of brain data. Across all conditions, we found that a higher performance of pain attenuation was predominantly associated with higher functional connectivity. Of note, we observed an association between low pain and high connectivity for regions that belong to brain regions long associated with pain processing, the insular and cingulate cortices. For one of the cognitive strategies (safe place), the performance of pain attenuation was explained by diffusion tensor imaging metrics of increased white matter integrity. *For correspondence: [email protected] Competing interests: The Introduction authors declare that no An increased perception of pain is generally associated with increased cortical activity; this has been competing interests exist. -
Neuroimage: Clinical
NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX . • Description p.1 • Audience p.1 • Impact Factor p.1 • Abstracting and Indexing p.2 • Editorial Board p.2 • Guide for Authors p.4 ISSN: 2213-1582 DESCRIPTION . NeuroImage: Clinical,, a companion title to the highly-respected NeuroImage, is a journal of diseases, disorders and syndromes involving the Nervous System, provides a vehicle for communicating important advances in the study of abnormal structure-function relationships of the human nervous system based on imaging. The focus of NeuroImage: Clinical is on defining changes to the brain associated with primary neurologic and psychiatric diseases and disorders of the nervous system as well as behavioral syndromes and developmental conditions. The main criterion for judging papers is the extent of scientific advancement in the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of diseases and disorders, in identification of functional models that link clinical signs and symptoms with brain function and in the creation of image based tools applicable to a broad range of clinical needs including diagnosis, monitoring and tracking of illness, predicting therapeutic response and development of new treatments. Papers dealing with structure and function in animal models will also be considered if they reveal mechanisms that can be readily translated to human conditions. The journal welcomes original research articles as well as papers on innovative methods, models, databases, theory or conceptual positions provided that they involve imaging approaches and demonstrate significant new opportunities for understanding clinical problems. AUDIENCE . Academic and clinical Neurologists and Psychiatrists working with brain imaging techniques, Imaging Neuroscientists, Cognitive Neuroscientists, Experimental Psychologists, Computational Neuroscientists, System Neuroscientists, Social Neuroscientists, Biostatisticians. -
The Female Brain Conceptual Advances in Brain Research a Series of Books Focusing on Brain Dynamics and Information Processing Systems of the Brain
The Female Brain Conceptual Advances in Brain Research A series of books focusing on brain dynamics and information processing systems of the brain. Edited by Robert Miller, Otago Centre for Theoretical Studies in Psychiatry and Neuro- science, New Zealand (Editor-in-chief), Günther Palm, University of Ulm, Germany and Gordon Shaw, University of California at Irvine, USA. Volume 1 Brain Dynamics and the Striatal Complex edited by R. Miller and J.R. Wickens Volume 2 Complex Brain Functions: Conceptual Advances in Russian Neuroscience edited by R. Miller, A.M. Ivanitsky and P.M. Balaban Volume 3 Time and the Brain edited by R. Miller Volume 4 Sex Differences in Lateralization in the Animal Brain by V.L. Bianki and E.B. Filippova Volume 5 Cortical Areas: Unity and Diversity edited by A. Schüz and R. Miller Volume 6 The Female Brain by C. Darlington This book is part of a series. The publisher will accept continuation orders which may be cancelled at any time and which provide for automatic billing and shipping of each title in the series upon publication. Please write for details. The Female Brain Cynthia Darlington University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand London and New York First published 2002 by Taylor & Francis 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis Inc, 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Taylor & Francis is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 2002 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. -
Standardizing Human Brain Parcellations
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/845065; this version posted November 26, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Standardizing Human Brain Parcellations Patrick E. Myers1, Ganesh C. Arvapalli1, Sandhya C.Ramachandran1, Derek A. Pisner2, Paige F. Frank1, Allison D. Lemmer1, Eric W. Bridgeford1, Aki Nikolaidis3, Joshua T. Vogelstein1, ∗ Abstract. Using brain atlases to localize regions of interest is a required for making neuroscientifically valid statistical infer- ences. These atlases, represented in volumetric or surface coordinate spaces, can describe brain topology from a variety of perspectives. Although many human brain atlases have circulated the field over the past fifty years, limited effort has been devoted to their standardization and specification. The purpose of standardization and specifica- tion is to ensure consistency and transparency with respect to orientation, resolution, labeling scheme, file storage format, and coordinate space designation. Consequently, researchers are often confronted with limited knowledge about a given atlas’s organization, which make analytic comparisons more difficult. To fill this gap, we consolidate an extensive selection of popular human brain atlases into a single, curated open-source library, where they are stored following a standardized protocol with accompanying metadata. We propose that this protocol serves as the basis for storing future atlases. To demonstrate the utility of storing and standardizing these atlases following a common protocol, we conduct an experiment using data from the Healthy Brain Network whereby we quantify the statistical dependence of each atlas label on several key phenotypic variables. -
SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED - JOURNAL LIST Total Journals: 8631
SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED - JOURNAL LIST Total journals: 8631 1. 4OR-A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2. AAPG BULLETIN 3. AAPS JOURNAL 4. AAPS PHARMSCITECH 5. AATCC REVIEW 6. ABDOMINAL IMAGING 7. ABHANDLUNGEN AUS DEM MATHEMATISCHEN SEMINAR DER UNIVERSITAT HAMBURG 8. ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS 9. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 10. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 11. ACADEMIC MEDICINE 12. ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS 13. ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY 14. ACCOUNTABILITY IN RESEARCH-POLICIES AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 15. ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 16. ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 17. ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL 18. ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL 19. ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 20. ACM JOURNAL ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS 21. ACM SIGCOMM COMPUTER COMMUNICATION REVIEW 22. ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 23. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ALGORITHMS 24. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED PERCEPTION 25. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ARCHITECTURE AND CODE OPTIMIZATION 26. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUTONOMOUS AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS 27. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL LOGIC 28. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER SYSTEMS 29. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-HUMAN INTERACTION 30. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DATABASE SYSTEMS 31. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DESIGN AUTOMATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 32. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON EMBEDDED COMPUTING SYSTEMS 33. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS 34. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEM SECURITY 35. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS 36. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 37. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET TECHNOLOGY 38. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM DATA 39. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE 40. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION 41. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING COMMUNICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 42. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS 43. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON RECONFIGURABLE TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS 44. -
How Men and Women Lead Differently
How Men and Women Lead Differently For much of the twentieth century, most scientists assumed that women were essentially small men, neurologically and in every other sense except for their reproductive functions. That assumption has been at the heart of enduring misunderstandings. When you look a little deeper into the brain differences, they reveal what makes women, women and men, men. —Louann Brizendine, M.D., author of The Female Brain Female Leaders Male Leaders Interactive Transactional Participative Hierarchal Collaborate connectively Collaborate competitively Group problem solve Personally problem solve Inductive in problem solving Deductive in problem solving Define themselves by being relationally literate Define themselves through accomplishments Prefer to be recognized Ask to be recognized Ascertains the exact needs of each team member Cares more about larger structural needs Emphasize complex and multi-tasking activities Single task orientation and completion Helps others express emotions Downplays emotions Directly empathizes Promotes independent resolution Cognizant of the specific needs of many at once Cognizant of the needs of the organization Verbally encourages and praises Encourages less feeling and more action Resolves emotional conflicts to reduce stress Denies emotional vulnerability to reduce stress Female leaders: Tend to be more interactive, wanting to keep interactions extended and vital until the interaction has worked through its emotional content. Tend more toward participative teams—to find ways in which colleagues are complementary. It is probable that higher oxytocin levels affect this leadership quality—the more support women build around them, the lower their stress level, and the more effective they may be as leaders. Tend to collaborate connectively by seeking possible connections between each person’s different ideas—and try to find developmental elements in the connectivity. -
The Gendered Brain©
The Gendered Brain© Student Manual Version 3 – January 2012 Course Designers Gail Hooker & Amy Lewis 1 The Brain at Ease, Energized & Wired 2 Ice Breakers Some ice breakers promote and “nurture empathy by offering children an opportunity to practice taking care of others.” They often give the teacher the chance to “teach skills…of social interest through sharing, listening, inclusion, participation and dialogue,” as well as, “to merge social, emotional, and intellectual learning” (Responsive Classroom, 2003). Some involve movement, giving student the opportunity to reenergize and maintain focus throughout the school day. It is crucial to provide time in school for students to bond with each other and with the teacher. Chemicals released in the brain during such activities aid in promoting calm and maintaining focus. “They need the encouragement and validation that comes from our best attention to their efforts. They need the safety that comes from the belief that their teacher sees them, knows them. Mutual trust grows from this security.” -Ruth Sidney Charney, author of Teaching Children to Care “Covering the curriculum is the death of education.” – John Dewey “I never let my education get in the way of my learning.” - Mark Twain 3 Puzzle Making 1. In teams, instruct students to select one colored crayon to use as they contribute to a team picture. Instruct them to keep the pictures simple each adding a line or two as they circulate the paper taking turns until you tell them to stop. Then have them cut the picture into as many pieces as there are teammates (ie. four teammates = four puzzle pieces). -
OCD, Perinatal OCD, Parental Preoccupation and Parenting
OCD, Perinatal OCD, Parental Preoccupation and Parenting By Miri Keren, MD, Israel From normal Primary Parental Preoccupation to Obsessive Introduction Compulsive Disorder Perinatal depression and postpartum Winnicott (1956) described the perinatal psychosis are nowadays well detected, period as a unique state of heightened and numerous studies have shown their sensitivity, that is like a dissociative detrimental impact on the mother- state; the aim of which is to enhance the child relationship and on the offsprings’ mother’s ability to anticipate the infant’s socio-emotional development (Murray needs and to learn its unique signals. He et al., 2019). In contrast, the impact of called it: "almost an illness that a mother perinatal maternal or paternal obsessive- must experience and recover from, in order compulsive disorder (OCD) on the parent- to create and sustain an environment that infant relationship and on the offsprings’ can meet the physical and psychological outcome, has been scarcely studied. This, needs of the infant". Winnicott emphasized in spite of the study published already in the crucial importance of such a stage 2007 (Fairbrother et al., 2007) that showed for the infant’s self-development (even new parenthood as a risk factor for the before what we know today about the development of obsessional problems. impact of early interactive experiences Even in the last edition of the Handbook of on the brain development), and the Infant Mental Health (Zeanah, 2018), the detrimental developmental consequences topic has not been mentioned. for infants when mothers are unable to Several cases we have had at our tolerate such a level of intense sensitivity.