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Warrenbayne Boho Ground Water

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Warrenbayne Boho Ground Water Groundwater levels in the Warrenbayne Boho Area 1982-2020 Dr Russell Washusen Secretary – Warrenbayne Boho Land Protection Group Inc April 2020 2 Published by Warrenbayne Boho Land Protection Group Inc Copyright © Warrenbayne Boho Land Protection Group Inc All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Disclaimer. This report contains general information for people with land in the Warrenbayne Boho Land Protection Group Inc. area. It is intended as an update on groundwater levels in the area and the effectiveness and persistence of treatment strategies adopted by group members since the 1980’s. The report relies heavily on the Visualizing Victoria’s Groundwater database and readers are directed to that website for information on the limitations of the database. 3 4 Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 8 About the author .................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 11 The aims of this review ..................................................................................................................... 11 Dryland salinity - mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 15 Dryland salinity a universal problem ................................................................................................ 15 Groundwater recharge ..................................................................................................................... 16 The importance of geology ............................................................................................................... 16 Location of recharge areas................................................................................................................ 16 The significance of the “break of slope” ........................................................................................... 18 Factors affecting salt accumulation – water logging versus salinity ................................................. 21 Rainfall .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Elevation and slope ....................................................................................................................... 21 Watertable height ......................................................................................................................... 22 The situation in 2020 ............................................................................................................................ 23 The Visualizing Victorias Groundwater database ............................................................................. 23 Bores of the lower slopes ................................................................................................................. 25 Warrenbayne lower slopes: The upper valley floor ...................................................................... 26 Warrenbayne lower slopes: The Dobsons Rd hills and surrounds ............................................... 28 Warrenbayne West lower slopes .................................................................................................. 29 The Boho valley floor .................................................................................................................... 30 Bores of the higher slopes ................................................................................................................ 32 The NSCP research site ................................................................................................................. 32 Bores in the discharge zone of the NSCP site ............................................................................... 33 Bores in the recharge areas of the NSCP site ............................................................................... 33 Bores of the break of slope forestry sites ......................................................................................... 34 The Dobsons Rd hills forestry sites ............................................................................................... 34 The Warrenbayne West forestry sites .......................................................................................... 37 Treatment strategies............................................................................................................................. 41 Treatment of recharge areas ............................................................................................................ 41 High density tree plantations on rocky ‘high recharge’ areas ...................................................... 41 Low density tree plantations on high recharge areas ................................................................... 42 5 Fodder as a treatment for high recharge areas. ........................................................................... 43 Deep rooted pasture in moderate recharge areas ....................................................................... 44 Managed regrowth on high recharge areas ................................................................................. 44 Forestry in recharge areas ............................................................................................................ 46 Break of slope plantations ................................................................................................................ 48 Southern blue gum........................................................................................................................ 48 Radiata pine .................................................................................................................................. 49 Spotted gum .................................................................................................................................. 50 Flooded gum ................................................................................................................................. 51 Sydney blue gum ........................................................................................................................... 52 River Sheoak .................................................................................................................................. 53 Red gum ........................................................................................................................................ 53 Sugar gum and red iron bark ........................................................................................................ 54 Treatment of saline discharge areas ................................................................................................. 55 Wood products. .................................................................................................................................... 56 What makes a good forestry species for Warrenbayne and Boho ................................................... 56 What are the market options ....................................................................................................... 56 Stem straightness .......................................................................................................................... 56 Ease of management .................................................................................................................... 56 The species with best potential ........................................................................................................ 56 Radiata pine .................................................................................................................................. 56 Hardwood markets – an opportunity for southern blue gum ...................................................... 57 Spotted gum .................................................................................................................................. 58 Red iron bark and sugar gum ........................................................................................................ 60 Flooded gum and Sydney blue gum .............................................................................................. 60 Silky oak and river sheoak ............................................................................................................. 61 Carbon ............................................................................................................................................... 62 Appendix One: General Groundwater Observation Bores ............................................................... 63 6 Summary This review was undertaken for the management committee of the Warrenbayne Boho Land Protection Group Inc. and other landowners in the Warrenbayne and Boho areas. Its purpose was to provide general
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