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Home , Bob Behnken, Doug Hurley, Expedition 37, Karen Nyberg

A) WHAT IS THIS PROJECT?

This weekend saw history being made when SPACE X launched the Crew Dragon for a mission into space. This is a project for you to find out more about what happened, why it happened and who is affected by this very important event.

There are different challenges for you to enjoy and share with your teachers. Keep on reading to find out more… • B) WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? 4)There are 8 challenges in this project. Choose 1) Read through the slides to find out at least 1 challenge to complete. You can about Space X, , the complete more if you wish to! launch, what it’s like to be an and how people on Earth are involved. 2) Keep a record of your thoughts & ideas…On some slides you will see a box with the subtitle: Think & Share. Whenever you see this you can write down your views on paper. Use the title “Space Explorer Feedback.” If you can, you could talk through your ideas with another person before writing them down. 3) Watch the clips on the slides if you have access. You may want to make notes as you watch. If you can’t watch them all, choose the ones that interest you most. If you can’t access them, read the slides and look at the pictures. C) HOW MUCH DO I NEED TO DO AND WHEN?

1) Quality is always more important than quantity. Do what is right for you at a pace that you can cope with. 2) There are 8 challenges that target different skills. Choose the ones that suit your talents best first. So, for example, if you are a good artist, choose an artistic challenge to start with. (You don’t need to do them all!) 3) There are lots of clips to watch. You don’t D) WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I AM STUCK? have to watch them unless you want to. They are there only to help you. 1) There are lots of challenges aimed at different 4) Spend your time on your work in a way that skills and abilities, so choose the challenges suits you and your family. This is a project for Monday AND Tuesday. Spread the work out. that feel right for you. Manage your working time so that you can 2) If one challenge doesn’t work out- move on to a enjoy your project. There is no one-way-fits- all. different one. 5) This is a large power-point. It isn’t designed 3) If you are completely stuck and need some help to be read & engaged with all at once. Access it bit by bit with breaks in between! you can email: lo’[email protected] We would love to see your work and include it in the WHS Time Capsule if you would like to If you would like to share your work for the Time share it. (We are creating the Time Capsule to Capsule, send it (or photos of it) to your House remember and celebrate all of the home Heads using the Email addresses below: learning taking place in lockdown). baobabhouse- [email protected] The Space X Mission is an historic event and ndizihouse- the WHS Time Capsule must represent the [email protected] important events that have shaped our world acaciahouse- when we are not together in school. [email protected]

mpingohouse- REMEMBER TO INCLUDE YOUR NAME & YEAR GROUP WITH YOUR [email protected] WORK IF YOU SEND IT IN. • SpaceX is an American company that provides commercial and government launch services on its and rockets. • Entrepreneur Elon Musk founded the company in 2002, with the goal of reducing space transportation costs, enabling the colonisation of . • SpaceX was the first private company to routinely return rocket stages to Earth under propulsive power so they could be re-flown rather than being discarded. • It has been conducting regular flights of cargo to the ISS (International Space Station), and will now aim to begin launching . • Musk's company is also developing a bigger spacecraft to carry humans - called Star-ship - which could begin the process of settling Mars! THINK & SHARE: If you had the chance to be the RESEARCH : find out more about the Space X director of Space X, what missions would you want to see company and what it is trying to achieve happen? Mars? The ? Or somewhere else entirely? (Why?) • Born in South Africa, Elon Musk made more than $160m from the sale of online payment service PayPal to eBay. • His desire to see humanity become a true space- faring civilisation was a driving factor behind the founding of SpaceX. • But he has also been involved in founding a variety of other companies such as the electric car manufacturer Tesla. • He also conceived a project called Hyperloop, a https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irPJTOBOo3c high-speed transportation system using pods that travel through a system of tubes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gp7oGkWKkig • His colourful personality and lifestyle made him the inspiration for Downey Jr's interpretation of Marvel Comics character Tony WATCH THE CLIPS: to find out more about Elon Musk and his Stark. vision for Space Exploration. (Copy and paste the web address • Musk is no stranger to controversy: his tweets into your browser). have triggered lawsuits and led to him being CLIP 1: A DAY IN THE LIFE OF ELON MUSK (Top Tip: find out forced out as the chairman of Tesla (though he remained as CEO). about his AD-Astra School!) CLIP 2: ELON MUSK’S PRE- LAUNCH SPEECH WATCH THE CLIPS: Find out how the launch operated and watch real footage of the astronauts and NASA on the ground as Crew Dragon sets off! (Copy & paste the web address into your browser). Clip 1: The BBC news report & live launch (13.51 mins) Clip 2: The NASA minute by minute coverage

Why is this launch so important? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI3fiNkgTOU • Since the retirement of the in 2011, Nasa has been https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMsvr55cTZ0&feature=youtu.be paying Russia tens of millions of dollars to launch its astronauts on the Soyuz spacecraft. • The Crew Dragon launch from marks the first launch of humans from US soil in nine years. As such, it is seen as crucial for restoring American prestige in human spaceflight. • This will also be the first time a private company has launched astronauts into orbit. • The Crew Dragon is the spacecraft that transports astronauts to the International Space Station. • The Crew Dragon is designed to carry a maximum of seven passengers, but Nasa flights will carry four, with the rest of the space taken up by supplies. • It is equipped with thrusters that enable it to manoeuvre in space and will dock - or attach - to the space station under autonomous control. • Unlike previous spacecraft designed for humans, the crew cabin features touchscreen controls in place of physical buttons. • Although the Dragon capsule is a fully automated vehicle capable of finding its own way to the ISS, the crew needs to prepare for all eventualities and that means knowing exactly how the ship will behave in their hands. • Uniquely, the Dragon has no control stick; all flight commands must be entered via a touchscreen panel.

THINK & SHARE: Find out…What were the first space craft like compared with the Dragon capsule? How has technology improved? Find examples by researching on the internet. Why do you think there is no longer a touch stick? THINK & SHARE: Have you ever wondered what it would be like to go inside a spacecraft?

Have you ever thought about how people work together to design a spacecraft and how long this could take? What skills do you think it takes to design and build a spaceship?

Look at the image on the right? Is it a good design in your opinion? What changes would you make and why? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgY4NKoT9SQ

WATCH: the clip above to see the tour of the Dragon by the astronauts themselves! (Copy and paste the web address into your browser to access). Hurley has spent a total of 28 days and 11 hours in space, while Behnken has accumulated a total of 29 days and 12 hours, including 37 hours of spacewalking time. Both men are also married to astronauts. and are Nasa astronauts. They were selected in 2000 and have each flown to space twice on CHECK OUT THEIR ACCOUNTS FOR INFO ON LIFE the space shuttle. They are among the most experienced AS AN ASTRONAUT: members of Nasa's astronaut corps and both trained as test Bob BehnkenVerified account @AstroBehnken pilots - which has been critical for putting the new spacecraft Col. Doug Hurley@Astro_Doug through its paces. Both astronauts on board have families and they will be apart during this mission.

THINK & SHARE: Saying goodbye is emotional but not just sad- often a positive moment filled with pride and respect for the job these men do. Look at Karen’s face in the picture on the left. She seems to be smiling. Why do you think this is? How do you think the astronauts’ sons look at their dads’ jobs? FUN FACT: Both of the WATCH THE CLIP: See the two astronauts as they say goodbye to astronauts’ wives are their families in their space suits and get into the D’Lorean that also astronauts will take them to their spacecraft. Look at who else is there to themselves! Left: watch them; who do you think the other people are? How do you Megan McArthur, wife think Bob and Doug are feeling? of Bob Behnken! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYowiMp4IjM • Thank you @SpaceX for the unique privilege of seeing #CrewDragon on the pad w/ @astro_doug. For us, a silver lining to this pandemic is the special time we’ve had together as a family prior to launch, only because of our extended quarantine.

Arriving in Florida with a flyby of your dad’s spaceship on the launch pad... Priceless. #LaunchAmerica #CrewDragon

FOLLOW KAREN…. Karen L. NybergVerified account @AstroKarenN Doug Hurley's son Jack: Doug Hurley and 's son, Jack, is a teenager. Karen can often be seen sharing photos of Doug and Jack together on her social media along with their two lovely dogs.

Nyberg had sat down with a leading daily in the past where she had revealed that her son Jack was only 18 months old when she set out for her first space mission back in Think & Share: What would be the advantages 2008 and about three years old and disadvantages of your parents being when she left for her second mission. astronauts? What would you ask Jack if he were your friend? • One of their first tasks in orbit was simply to name their ship - in the tradition of past US space-farers, all the way back to the Mercury programme. Radioing down to Earth, they announced it would be called Endeavour. • Doug Hurley said: "We chose Endeavour for a few reasons: One, because of this incredible endeavour that Nasa, SpaceX and the US have been on since the end of the shuttle programme back in 2011. The other reason is a little more personal to Bob and I. We both had our first flights on shuttle Endeavour and it just meant so much to us to carry on that name." WATCH THE CLIP: Listen to the astronauts • Endeavour was the ship commanded by describe the tradition of naming the ship and British explorer James Cook on his voyage to Australia in the late 18th Century. understand why they chose the name Endeavour,. THINK & SHARE: What would YOU call a https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_2AZ0c1lWc spaceship and WHY? THINK and SHARE: • How does zero gravity affect humans? What would it feel like to be in space? • How would you sit, move, eat, go to the toilet, rest or wash? • How would YOU manage if YOU were in space?

WATCH THE CLIP: Astronaut gives a fantastic tour of inside a ship, showing you how astronauts live in space- from brushing your teeth to using the toilet. A must see for all FOLLOW SUNITA ON space fans and budding astronauts at WHS!! TWITTER…Sunita WilliamsVerified account @Astro_Suni https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3za6ITFfWk THINK & SHARE: We all haven’t seen a hairdresser for a very long time! So bad hair days may be something we are getting used to. But imagine being in space… how would you EVER do your hair there? Forget the gel or the straighteners….

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIjNfZbUYu8

• Watch the clip to see Karen Nyberg (wife of Doug Hurley & mum to Jack Hurley) in space washing her hair! (Remember to copy & paste the address into your browser!) • Spacecraft designed to carry astronauts have to go through a process that ensures they can operate safely. This launch is essentially the final step in that validation process. Once in orbit, Behnken and Hurley will test the Crew Dragon's environmental control system, the displays and controls and the manoeuvring thrusters. • They will monitor the autonomous docking system during the approach to the space station and will become members of the ISS crew. THINK & SHARE: • At the orbiting outpost, they will continue performing tests on the Crew Dragon along with other tasks related What do you think the most to the space station. When it's time to return to Earth, challenging parts of the the Crew Dragon will parachute down into the Atlantic astronauts’ job will be? Ocean. The capsule and crew will then be recovered by a ship called Go Navigator. Would you make a good astronaut? Why or why not? THINK & SHARE: LOOK at the Mission Profile picture (left). What do you think is meant by: First Stage / Interstage / Second Stage? Why are there different stages?

WATCH THE CLIPS: Find out more about how the mission leads to the docking at the International Space Station. (Copy & Paste web address into browser).

CLIP 1: The Sun reports on the live landing at ISS- detailed footage as it happened Clip 2: Step by step live landing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfyPS6eYJEQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gquvphi4zfI&feat ure=youtu.be • The Crew Dragon has a built-in abort system, designed to save the lives of its crew in the event of an emergency. • If there's a problem during lift-off, such as a rocket engine cut-off, the Crew Dragon will fire engines to propel the vehicle and its occupants free of the rocket.

• The capsule will then parachute down to WATCH THE CLIP: See what happened with failed safety. SpaceX successfully conducted a missions where rockets didn’t always land or take test of its in-flight abort system on 19 off successfully. (Copy and paste the link below January 2020. into your browser). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwCsuAeamXE • Saturday's launch went ahead against the background of the coronavirus crisis. • Crowds were encouraged not to assemble near the Kennedy complex, and Nasa itself severely limited the number of guests invited on to the spaceport.

Think and Share: • Why do you think that guests were limited? • Have you ever tried to see the ISS or any craft Crowds were asked to stay away but local beaches were in the sky? still full. LOOK AGAIN at the launch.

THINK & SHARE: Imagine you are on the bridge! If you had to describe this moment to a friend who was not there, what would you tell them? THINK & SHARE: • What do you think Trump means by “American dominance in space”? • He mentions Space as a branch of the armed .” Why do you think this is important to Trump? What would he use it for? • Trump talks of “An eventual mission to Mars.” Do you think this is a good idea and why? DISCOVER: What about those spacesuits?

• The flight suits that Behnken and Hurley will wear in the capsule look very different to previous designs. • In stark contrast to the bulky pumpkin-coloured suits and round helmets familiar from the space shuttle era, SpaceX's suits are slim-line, white, one-piece numbers with sleek, 3D-printed helmets. • Each one is custom made for the astronaut. • If they look like something from a science fiction movie, that's probably because their look was devised by Hollywood costume designer Jose Fernandez, who has worked on the Batman, X-Men and Thor movies. • But the suits also have to be practical; they're designed to keep the crew alive in the event of a cabin depressurisation - where the air is lost from the inside of the spacecraft

THINK & SHARE: What would features would a need to have and why? People have very mixed views on whether aliens exist. You may have a firm opinion already.

Science Fiction is a genre that is often explored in books or films and many people enjoy reading or watching made up stories Has Nasa found aliens living in space? Have a look at about alien life forms. this website from CBBC Newsround with the latest information about NASA’s search for extra terrestrial life… Think & Share: BUT WHAT DO YOU https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/51024136 BELIEVE AND WHY? Could aliens really exist? Why haven’t we found any yet? (Remember…. copy the address into your browser!) If you are really interested in finding out more about people’s views on aliens, watch this documentary “Is Anybody Out There?”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVBCLAaflaw (Copy & paste address into browser) DISCOVER: ASTRONAUTS WHO MAKE HISTORY

• The first African-American woman OPTIONAL WIDER astronaut, Mae Jemison, was READING: launched into space on the mission The story of STS-47 on September 12, 1992. overcoming racist and • sexist discrimination She became the first black woman by women who to travel into space when she established themselves served as a as brilliant aboard the Space Shuttle mathematicians and Endeavour. engineers and helped lead the United States • Jemison joined NASA's astronaut to victory in some of corps in 1987 and was selected to the pivotal moments serve for the STS-47 mission, of the Cold War-era during which she orbited the Earth space race is told in for nearly eight days on September the book Hidden Figures, by 12–20, 1992. Margot Lee Shetterly. DISCOVER:ANIMALS IN SPACE!

RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY: If you want to find out about animal space travel look no further! From fruit flies to dogs…visit this webpage to find out which animals were sent to space and why…. https://mocomi.com/animals-in-space/

Miss Baker's gravestone frequently has one or more bananas on top.

Miss Baker was rewarded with a Certificate of Merit for Distinguished Service, supporting "'carefully THINK & SHARE: Do you believe controlled scientific' use of animals as space we should use animals to pathfinders for the 'mutual benefit of man and experiment in space travel? Why Miss Baker awaits launch animals,. or why not? : Make a Demo-2 Straw Rocket! • youtu.be/mQblbX9YccM #NASAatHome • Would you like to learn how to make your own Demo-2 to launch in your home? Copy address into browser to watch the clip) • Watch this tutorial to learn how! (Copy & paste the web address into your browser). • All you will need is paper, markers, scissors, tape, yarn or ribbon and a straw.

REMEMBER TO TAKE A PICTURE OF YOUR WORK & EMAIL IT TO YOUR HOUSE HEAD FOR THE TIME CAPSULE ENTRY! • NASA astronaut Karen Nyberg, (DM- 2 Astronaut Doug Hurley's wife), flight engineer, made this stuffed dinosaur toy aboard the International Space Station, using scraps of food-packaging liners and a T-shirt. She sent images of it to her young son on Sept. 22, 2013

YOUR CHALLENGE: Using ONLY food packaging and an old piece of clothing, design (and create if you can) a toy for a child under ten. Your toy could be for a boy or a girl. You can use thread, tape or glue to hold it together.

You may want to design your toy on paper and label your materials and stages of design. If you are able to, you could then actually make the toy! You could send a photo of your paper design OR finished product for the Time Capsule! : NASA Astronaut Karen Nyberg Invites Quilters to Create a Space Square…

YOUR CHALLENGE:

Design a space square that could have been included in the NASA patchwork quilt (see the photo).

Your square should represent your thoughts, feelings and emotions about space. Choose colours and images to reflect this.

You could design your square on paper OR create it using material (or both!).

You could send a photo of your work for the Time Capsule!

WATCH THE CLIP: See Karen in space creating her section of the quilt and find out more about how astronauts sew in space! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0c1CijmH7o Discover why creating a quilt was important to Karen! The Astronaut’s Dinner CHALLENGE! • Food in space must provide a balanced nutrition for individuals working in space, while being easy and safe to store, prepare and consume in the machinery-filled weightless environments of crewed spacecraft. • More recently space food has been used by various nations engaging on space programs as a way to share and show off their cultural identity and facilitate intercultural communication YOUR CHALLENGE: DESIGN A MENU FOR A HUNGRY ASTRONAUT FOR TWO DAYS IN SPACE. Draw and label the food, including details of its nutritional value. You could show the food in or out of its packaging. Think about the different types of food astronauts will need and make sure your menu is varied but delicious! EXTRA: If you have the chance to make, shake or bake a food product then don’t forget to take a photo. If you can, send all finished work through for the Time Capsule. THE “IS ANYBODY OUT THERE?” CHALLENGE…

YOUR CHALLENGE: Searches for alien life are on- going so could YOU be part of Imagine that NASA have commissioned you to write a data transmission to be projected out on a radio to in the hope of finding extra-terrestrial life the process?… and encouraging a response. • Breakthrough Listen is a ten- You must write a radio broadcast to tell aliens all about us and ask them to year initiative with $100 get in touch. But what will you include? Remember- they know nothing million funding to actively about human beings at all! But will you tell them the whole truth? search for intelligent extra- You may want to include the following: terrestrial communications in the universe. • What humans look like and how our body works, inside and out • What human facial expressions or body language means, e.g. nodding your head or shaking hands • What we eat, how we work, where we live… • Differences between us (different cultures / religions/ languages / gender) • Human emotions and values, e.g. love / friendship • Important events in human History or scientific discoveries • What Earth looks and feels like: weather / landscapes / seas • Other creatures we share the Earth with THE SPACE TRAVEL CHALLENGE!

YOUR CHALLENGE: • Imagine NASA have employed you to market and advertise trips for everyday people to The International Space Station. • Design a package trip to ISS including: transport on a spacecraft, space wear, space food, sleeping pod accommodation, things to do on ISS… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkYz43qALMU • Present your trip as a leaflet showing the price, information (as above) and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyFYgeE32f0 include pictures so buyers know what to expect. WATCH THE CLIPS: have another look inside the ISS by • You could include special features, watching the clips (above) which give you a quick tour (first e.g. a spacewalk outside the craft, a clip) OR a look at sleeping in space (2nd clip)! OR you could visit to the Science lab for top watch the clip (below) which shows a space walk outside of the secret experiments OR a visit to the ISS. (Remember to copy & paste the address into your browser) onboard alien petting zoo. (You can use your imagination as well as facts and knowledge!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmrrSfiMxGA The : Musical Challenge • During his free time on , Hadfield recorded music for an album, using the Larrivée Parlor guitar previously brought to the ISS. • The first song recorded in space, Jewel in the Night, was released via YouTube on Christmas Eve 2012. YOUR CHALLENGE: Imagine you are Doug Hurley travelling to the ISS on the Crew Dragon. Write your own song about this latest space adventure and what you can see from your spaceship. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YufsbE4-jmY

LISTEN TO THE SONG BY WATCHING THE CLIP (above). Write your lyrics first. If you know how to play a Remember to copy & paste the address into your musical instrument you could write music to browser. accompany them. Or – of you like to sing you could record yourself singing them to your own tune! CHALLENGE: ASTRONAUTS WANTED! APPLY NOW!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5T9iYjt6Lk

WATCH THE CLIP (above): follow this short video about how to become a NASA Astronaut and what the training feels like. Did you know they are recruiting? Perhaps you may one day be a future space traveller? You could also go to: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts to find out about how to become an astronaut as well as to read about YOUR CHALLENGE: Design an advert: ASTRONAUTS or past astronauts. WANTED! Include information about the skills and qualities needed YOU COULD ALSO WATCH THIS EXTRA SHORT CLIP TO as well as what the training is like for potential astronauts. FIND OUT MORE ABOUT TRAINING TO BE AN Present your work as a POSTER with pictures and writing ASTRONAUT: OR as a video clip advertisement if you want to bring it to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ojzEqbMZBE life! We would love to see ANY OF your work and include it in the WHS Time Capsule if you would If you would like to share your work for the Time like to share it. (We are creating the Time Capsule Capsule, send it (or photos of it) to your House to remember and celebrate all of the home Heads using the Email addresses below: learning taking place in lockdown). baobabhouse- [email protected]

ndizihouse- The Space X Mission is an historic event and the [email protected] WHS Time Capsule must represent the important events that have shaped our world when we are acaciahouse- [email protected] not together in school. mpingohouse- REMEMBER TO INCLUDE YOUR NAME & YEAR GROUP WITH YOUR [email protected] WORK IF YOU SEND IT IN.